[HISTORY: Adopted by the Town Board of the
Town of Copake 4-9-1987. Amendments noted where applicable.]
A.
The following minimum road specifications shall apply
to all roads proposed to be dedicated to the Town of Copake.
B.
Construction of a road in accordance with these specifications
shall not obligate the Town of Copake to accept such road as a public
road in the absence of formal dedication and acceptance of the same
by the Town Board.
C.
No highway, road or street within the Town of Copake
hereafter constructed or improved will be accepted by the Town Board
of the Town of Copake as a town highway or for maintenance with town
funds until six months have elapsed since the completion thereof as
certified by the Town Superintendent of Highways and unless the construction
is in accordance with the standards and specifications contained herein.
Any road dedicated to the town must be in a state of repair acceptable
to the Town Superintendent of Highways at the time of its dedication
and acceptance by the town.
D.
No new highway, road or street in the Town of Copake
shall be constructed until the plat and plans for the highways, roads
or streets, including necessary drainage systems, have been completed
and approved by the Town Superintendent of Highways. If any bridge
work is required, specifications must be obtained from the Columbia
County Department of Public Works Commissioner. Intersection plan
approval and all necessary permits must be obtained from the governing
body maintaining the road at which the proposed rights-of-way will
intersect. Prior to starting excavating, an inspection and approval
of the proposed roads and rights-of-way must be made by the Town Superintendent
of Highways.
E.
The Town Superintendent of Highways shall be provided
with two copies of a certified survey map made by a licensed land
surveyor showing the proposed road rights-of-way and any necessary
drainage easements. Prior to the start of road construction, the proposed
twenty-foot traveled way with four-foot shoulders on each side shall
be laid out with temporary wooden grade stakes. These stakes shall
be placed every 100 feet on tangents and every 50 feet on curves.
All proposed lot entrances shall be marked with stakes. Detailed specifications
showing limits of all cuts and fills shall be shown on the subdivision
plans and marked on the grade stakes. The aforementioned stakeout
shall be reviewed and approved by the Town Superintendent of Highways
prior to the beginning of construction. A set of cross sections of
the proposed road section and its relationship to the existing ground
shall be provided for the Town Superintendent of Highways. Cross sections
shall be developed at seventy-five-foot intervals and at stations
where abrupt changes in the topography occur. Any areas requiring
more than a fifty-foot right-of-way shall be noted on the subdivision
plans and cross sections.
A.
The rights-of-way for all local highways, roads and
streets shall be a minimum of 50 feet in width at all points, unless
otherwise directed by the Town Superintendent of Highways.
B.
Easements for private utilities shall be provided
and/or reserved adjacent to each side of the street right-of-way.
The easements shall have a width of 10 feet and be reserved from the
private properties which they cross. When private utility easements
are not possible, underground utilities shall be placed within the
four-foot shoulder of the road.
C.
The burial of such utilities in the easements on private
property shall be the same as in the public rights-of-way.
D.
If a dead-end street is necessary, a cul-de-sac shall
be constructed at the end of the road. The cul-de-sac shall have a
minimum right-of-way diameter of 200 feet with a twenty-foot minimum
paved traveled way of seventy-five-foot radius to the center line.
The island portion of the cul-de-sac shall be drained with a minimum
of two culverts placed under the road to assure proper drainage of
the center of the cul-de-sac and the road ditches. The center of the
cul-de-sac shall be at least 12 inches above the center grade of the
finished road surface. (See Diagram No. 3, Typical Cul-De-Sac.[1])
[1]
Editor's Note: Diagram No. 3 is included at the end of this chapter.
For specifications regarding intersections, see Diagram No. 2, Intersection Detail, which is included at the end of this chapter.
All trees shall be cleared at a minimum distance
of eight feet on each side of the proposed roadway (total of 36 feet
for a twenty-foot road) and all brush throughout the required right-of-way.
On curves, an additional amount shall be cleared wherever necessary
to maintain a minimum visibility of 150 feet at the paving edge along
the inside of the curve. The Town Superintendent of Highways may waive
the clearing of certain trees within the right-of-way.
A.
All topsoil shall be stripped from the bed of the
proposed paved section, shoulder section and under the width of all
fills. All stumps, loose stones, debris and brush shall be removed
from beneath the traveled way and the shoulder to a depth of two feet
below the finished grade.
B.
Prior to subbase placement, a geotextile fabric (Exxon
GTF 200 or equal) shall be placed in accordance with Section 207,
Geotextile, of the New York State Department of Transportation Standard
Specification Manual (current edition).
C.
The subgrade shall be prepared by excavating and/or
filling, removing unstable materials and replacing them with a foundation
course as required by the Town Superintendent of Highways and thoroughly
compacted. Material to be used in fill sections shall consist of run-of-bank
material free from all organic material.
D.
Embankments should be no steeper than four horizontal
to one vertical (4:1). Steeper embankments require approval of the
Town Superintendent of Highways.
E.
An excavated slope should be no steeper than three
horizontal to one vertical (3:1). Every effort shall be made to blend
in cuts and fills with the adjacent properties (even to the extent
of cutting and filling out of rights-of-way prior to sale of lots).
F.
Maximum center-line grades shall not exceed 10%, and
driveway entrances shall not exceed a three-percent grade in the first
20 feet.
A.
Description. This item shall consist of a subbase
course composed of gravel or crushed stone as specified by the Town
Superintendent of Highways, laid on a properly prepared subgrade to
a finished thickness of not less than 12 inches followed by a finished
course composed of fine gravel as specified by the Town Superintendent
of Highways and shall conform to the lines, grades and typical cross
section as shown on the approved drawings. The road shall be allowed
to settle for at least 12 months or the contractor may elect to compact
the gravel in six-inch lifts with a ten-foot vibrating roller. If
the contractor elects to waive the twelve-month settling period and
compact the gravel, the contractor will assume full responsibility
for any additional underdrainage needed that would have been detected
during the twelve-month settling period.
B.
Materials. All materials shall be secured from approved
sources. The gravel or broken stone shall consist of clean, durable,
uniform quality and grading and shall be free from thin or elongated
pieces, soft or disintegrated stone, dirt or other objectionable features.
C.
Construction methods.
(1)
Preparation of the subgrade. All boulders, organic
material, soft clay, spongy material and other objectionable material
shall be removed and replaced with approved material. The subgrade
shall then be properly shaped, rolled and uniformly compacted to the
approved cross section and grade.
(2)
Placing and rolling aggregates. All subbase course
material shall be deposited and spread by means of spreader boxes
or approved mechanical equipment or from moving vehicles equipped
to distribute the gravel or crushed stone in a uniform layer. Each
layer shall not be less than six inches in thickness after compaction
and shall be constructed as follows:
(a)
Immediately following the spreading of the gravel
or course aggregate, all material placed shall be compacted to the
full width by rolling with a minimum ten-ton vibrating roller. At
all places not accessible to the roller, the subbase course material
shall be tamped thoroughly with mechanical tampers or with hand tampers.
(b)
If any irregularities or depressions appear
during the twelve-month settling period or while rolling, they should
be remedied by loosening the material at these places and by removing
or adding gravel or course aggregate, as may be required, after which
the area disturbed shall be rolled until compacted satisfactorily
to a smooth and uniform surface.
(c)
If subgrade material shall become churned into
or mixed with the subbase course, such mixture of subgrade material
and gravel or crushed stone shall be removed and replaced with gravel
or clean aggregate of the proper size and compacted as specified above.
(3)
Testing the surface. After compacting, the subbase
course surface shall be tested with a straight edge 10 feet in length,
paralleling the center line of the roadway, and any depressions exceeding
3/8 inch in depth shall be satisfactorily eliminated.
(4)
Seasonal limits. No subbase course material shall
be deposited or shaped when the subgrade is frozen, thawing or during
unfavorable weather conditions.
(5)
Protection of subbase course. After completion of
subbase course, as specified above, no traffic shall be allowed over
its surface other than that absolutely necessary to haul material
for the surface course.
A.
In preparation for paving, the twenty-foot minimum
traveled way shall be free of any holes, dips, bumps, etc. Then an
application of MC250 or equivalent penetrating emulsion oil at a rate
of 4/10 gallon per square yard shall be applied and chipped with 1A
stone and rolled.
B.
The paving material shall conform to the latest edition
of New York State Department of Transportation Standard Specifications
in quality, application and construction.
C.
The two-course pavement shall consist of a two-and-one-half-inch
compacted NYSDOT item 403.13 asphalt-concrete Type 3 binder and one-and-one-half-inch
compacted NYSDOT item 403.17 asphalt-concrete type 6F top course (high
friction).
D.
As an alternate to the method described in Subsection C above, a cold-mix bituminous pavement may be used. The base course of the top shall consist of a gravel and asphalt cold-mix compressed to a minimum of three inches. The base shall be left to cure for at least 14 days, at which time the finish course shall be applied. The finish course shall consist of fine stone, sand and asphalt cold-mix compressed to a minimum of two inches. The material shall be applied with a paver and shall be rolled a minimum of once with a ten-ton vibrating steel wheel roller. After a curing period of 14 days, the traveled way shall be sealed with 702-3301HM-S2 or 702-4101CRS-2 emulsion oil at a rate of 3/10 gallon per square yard, chipped over with 1A stone and rolled with a ten-ton roller.
E.
The finished lateral pavement grade shall be 1/4 inch
to one foot slope.
Shoulders shall be of compacted gravel or crushed
stone, not less than four feet in width or as may be required by the
Town Superintendent of Highways. Shoulders shall be a slope of 5/8
inch per one foot.
A.
A complete system of surface drainage shall be installed
to dispose of stormwater. When the discharge of stormwater shall be
onto, upon or through private property, proper easements shall be
granted to the Town of Copake and shall convey the perpetual right
to discharge stormwater runoff from the highway and from the surrounding
areas onto and over the affected premises by means of pipes, culverts
or ditches or a combination thereof, together with the right to enter
such premises for the purpose of making such installation and doing
such maintenance work as the town may deem necessary to adequately
drain the highway and the surrounding area. Where a drainage easement
discharges onto or terminates at property of a third party, the consent
for an easement, properly executed, to channel or discharge stormwater
from such third party must be obtained by the owner of the road or
street. All drainage easements shall be a minimum of 20 feet in width.
The center of all ditches with a zero percent 0% to 4.99% grade shall
have a nine-foot set back from the edge of the shoulder of the road.
The center of all ditches with a 5% to 10% grade shall have a nine-and-one-half-foot
setback from the edge of the shoulder of the road to allow for a three-foot
V on each side of the center of the ditch. The V is to be filled with
a minimum of six inches of gabion stone to prevent erosion. On a ten-percent
grade, road ditches shall have a water runoff a minimum of every 100
feet to ensure proper drainage from the ditches. The use of check
dams shall be considered for placement in road ditches and stream
channels where diversion of water is restricted. See Diagram No. 1,
Typical Road Sections, Diagram No. 1A, Lined Ditch Detail, and Diagram
No. 1B, Superelevated Section, for ditch details.[1]
[1]
Editor's Note: Diagram Nos. 1, 1A and 1B are
included at the end of this chapter.
B.
All culverts shall be designed to handle a storm of
10 years' frequency. Culvert pipes shall be of approved aluminum,
galvanized metal or copper steel and not less than 15 inches in diameter.
Pipes shall be installed in a straight line and at a uniform rate
of grade between points to match grade and direction of drainage swales.
Any changes in grade or direction may require the placement of a catch
basin which will be determined by the Town Superintendent of Highways.
All culvert head walls shall be laid up stone and concrete or gabion
baskets filled with gabion stone. No culvert head walls shall extend
above the shoulder of the road. Metal flared culvert end sections
may be installed in lieu of headwalls at the discretion of the Town
Superintendent of Highways. A cross-section view of each culvert crossing
under all proposed subdivision roads shall be included in the final
plans. (See Diagram No. 4, Typical Culvert Pipe Section.[2])
[2]
Editor's Note: Diagram No. 4 is included at the end of this chapter.
C.
If underdrainage is needed, a complete set of plans
shall be submitted to the Town Superintendent of Highways for approval.
Underdrainage shall be a minimum of two feet below subgrade surface
and shall be at least six-inch diameter ADS perforated plastic pipe
or equivalent, and proper manufactured couplings shall be used. Underdrainage
shall have a minimum of six inches of three-fourths-inch drainage
stone completely surrounding the pipe. If an open ditch is required
due to excessive runoff, one-and-one-half-inch quarry stone shall
be installed from the level of the three fourths-inch stone and filled
to the grade of the ditch. Underdrainage pipe shall have a minimum
pitch of four inches in a one-hundred-foot span.
D.
All culverts shall be a minimum of six inches below
subgrade surface and shall have a minimum of six inches of bank-run
gravel completely surrounding the pipe.
A.
Delineators shall be placed in accordance with the
minimum standards of Section 646, Delineators, of the current edition
of the New York State Department of Transportation Standard Specifications
and Subchapter G, Part 291, Delineation Devices, of the New York State
Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices. Additional delineators
shall be placed by order of the Town Superintendent of Highways.
B.
All culverts, driveways and curves shall be marked
with plowable markers. Markers shall be a maximum of 25 feet apart
on curves, and straightaways shall have markers every 125 feet where
possible to mark the shoulder of the road. Marker type shall be approved
by the Town Superintendent of Highways prior to placement.
All slopes shall be finish graded from the edge
of the shoulder to the toe or top of the slope with a minimum of four
inches of topsoil and shall be sown with hearty grass seed in sufficient
quantity to produce turf that will stabilize the slope, unless otherwise
directed by the Town Superintendent of Highways.
Sufficiently reinforced concrete or granite
markers, at least four inches square on top and 4 1/2 feet long, must
be set located at all changes in direction of rights-of-way, including
points of tangent of curves and points of tangent at corners and at
the intersection of lot lines with rights-of-way. Monuments shall
also be placed every 100 feet on tangents and every 50 feet on curves.
A.
Agents of the town shall have access to all parts
of the work while under construction at all times. No portion of the
work which will not be exposed upon final completion shall be covered
until reasonable opportunity for inspection after written notice has
been given. Approval under these specifications shall be made by the
Town Superintendent of Highways.
B.
It shall be required at the owner's or developer's
expense that a New York State licensed engineer certify to the Town
Board and the Town Superintendent of Highways that the roads have
been constructed true to line and grade and that the drainage system
has been constructed in accordance with the road construction plans.
A reproducible copy and four prints of the plans for any drainage
system shall be submitted to the Town Superintendent of Highways upon
completion of the road and utility work, unless the supplying of the
same is specifically waived, in writing, by the Town Superintendent
of Highways.
All underground utilities which are to be in
the right-of-way, including water, sewer, drain, gas, electricity,
telephone and cable television, including junction boxes, risers,
manhole, catch basins and all pull boxes, shall be completely installed
prior to construction of the subbase. When underground utilities must
cross the road, they shall be run through conduit for electric and
plastic for all other utilities so removal and repairs may be made
without disturbing the road. All excavations shall be suitably filled
and tampered with vibratory tampers. All utility lines shall be buried
a minimum of 30 inches to the top of the pipes and cables and 18 inches
to the top of boxes, except for culverts designed to carry stormwater.
Manhole and catch basin frames shall be a minimum of six inches deep
and shall be designed to carry H-20 loading.
Approved road name signs shall be installed
when the road has been completed. Mailboxes shall be in a cluster
set back eight feet from the traveled way of the road in a thirty-foot
pull-off. The mailbox pull off shall be topped with the same material
used on the traveled way of the road, and the ditch line shall be
set back four feet from the edge of the pull-off or the water may
be piped under the pull-off with approved culverts. Any additional
right-of-way necessary for the construction of mailbox clusters shall
be provided by the developer and shown on the subdivision plans. (See
Diagram No. 5, Mailbox Cluster.[1])
[1]
Editor's Note: Diagram No. 5 is included at the end of this chapter.