Unless otherwise specifically provided
or unless clearly required by the context, the words and phrases defined
below shall have the meanings indicated when used in this section.
That portion of the vehicle accommodation area used for access
to parking or loading areas or other facilities on the lot. Essentially,
driveways and other maneuvering areas (other than parking aisles)
comprise the circulation area.
That portion of the vehicle accommodation area that consists
of a travel lane bounded on either side by an area that is not part
of the vehicle accommodation area.
The total area of a building measured by calculating the
floor area of each floor level intended for occupancy or storage by
taking the outside dimensions of the building at each floor and summing
all floor areas.
That portion of the vehicle accommodation area used to satisfy the requirements of § 128-107.
That portion of the vehicle accommodation area consisting
of lanes providing access to parking spaces.
A portion of the vehicle accommodation area set for the parking
of one vehicle.
That portion of a lot that is used by vehicles for access,
circulation, parking, and loading and unloading. It comprises the
total of circulation areas, loading and unloading areas, and parking
areas (spaces and aisles).
A.
All developments in all zoning districts other than the Central Business Commercial (CBC) District shall provide a sufficient number of parking spaces to accommodate the number of vehicles that ordinarily are likely to be attracted to the development in question. Except for projects that only require a simplified site plan pursuant to § 128-187 where the Director of Planning will determine the applicable parking standards, parking space requirements in the CBC District will be determined by the Planning Commission. When adequate off-street parking cannot practically be provided on site in the CBC District, the Planning Commission may require the developer to provide a fee in lieu of parking. Such fees collected shall be used by the Town to construct municipal parking elsewhere in the district.
B.
The presumptions established by this article are that a development must comply with the parking standards set forth in Subsection E to satisfy the requirement stated in Subsection A, and any development that does meet these standards is in compliance. However, the Table of Parking Requirements is only intended to establish a presumption and should be flexibly administered, as provided in § 128-98.
C.
When determination of the number of parking
spaces required by the Table of Parking Requirements results in a
requirement of a fractional space, any fraction of 1/2 or less may
be disregarded, while a fraction in excess of 1/2 shall be counted
as one parking space.
D.
The Town recognizes that the Table of Parking Requirements set forth in Subsection E cannot and does not cover every possible situation that may arise. Therefore, in cases not specifically covered, the permit-issuing authority is authorized to determine the parking requirements using this table as a guide.
E.
Table of Parking Requirements.
|
Use
|
Parking Requirement
| |
|---|---|---|
|
Single-family detached dwellings/two-family
duplex dwellings
|
2 spaces per dwelling unit with 3
bedrooms or less
| |
|
Multifamily dwellings and townhouses
|
1 space per efficiency unit; 1 1/2
spaces per each one-bedroom unit; 2 spaces per each two-bedroom unit;
2 1/2 spaces per three-bedroom unit, plus 1/2 space per each
additional bedroom
| |
|
Manufactured housing
|
2 spaces per dwelling unit
| |
|
Hotel and motel efficiency unit
|
1 space per hotel guest room
| |
|
Hotel and motel guest suite
|
1 1/2 spaces for the first 50 units;
1 space per each unit above 50 units
| |
|
Rooming house, boardinghouse, lodging
house
|
1 space per guest room
| |
|
Church, synagogue or temple
|
1 space per 5 seats or bench seating
capacity (for seats in the main auditorium only)
| |
|
College or high school
|
1 space per 5 seats in the main auditorium
or 8 spaces per classroom, whichever is greater
| |
|
Elementary, junior high or nursery
school
|
1 space per 10 seats in the main
auditorium or 1 space per classroom, whichever is greater
| |
|
Public libraries, museums, art galleries,
community centers and public buildings
|
1 space per 300 square feet of floor
area, minimum 5 spaces
| |
|
Child or adult day-care centers
|
1 space per 5 persons rated capacity
| |
|
Radio or television broadcasting
station
|
1 space per 400 square feet gross
floor area; an auditorium for a broadcasting station shall require
one space per 5 persons rated capacity
| |
|
Exposition centers or fairgrounds
|
1 space per 5 persons estimated attendance
| |
|
Automobile filling station
|
1 space per 2 employees on the maximum
working shift
| |
|
Automobile service station
|
3 spaces per bay
| |
|
Furniture or appliance store, machinery,
equipment and automobile and boat sales and service
|
1 space per 300 square feet gross
floor area, 5 spaces minimum
| |
|
Private club, lodge, assembly hall
and other recreational facilities
|
1 space per 5 persons rated capacity
| |
|
Sanitarium, convalescent home, home
for the aged or similar institution
|
1 space per 5 patient beds
| |
|
Hospital
|
1 space per 2 patient beds
| |
|
Offices for business, banking or
professional use
|
1 space per 300 square feet of gross
floor area, minimum 5 spaces
| |
|
Restaurant, fast-food restaurant,
cocktail lounge, tavern, nightclub, and other establishments for the
consumption of food or beverages on or off premises
|
1 space per 100 square feet of enclosed
gross floor area, minimum 5 spaces, and 1 space per 200 square feet
of unenclosed outdoor dining area in excess of the enclosed gross
floor area
| |
|
Retail store, convenience food store
or personal service establishment, 5,000 square feet or less gross
floor area
|
1 space per 200 square feet of gross
floor area, minimum 5 spaces
| |
|
Shopping centers, shopping plazas,
retail stores, personal service establishments and convenience food
stores greater than 5,000 square feet
|
a.
|
1 space per 225 square feet gross
floor area, except movie theaters
|
|
b.
|
When restaurants, fast-food establishments,
cocktail lounges, taverns, nightclubs or other establishments for
the consumption of food or beverages on or off premises are located
in a shopping center and comprise less than 25% of the gross floor
area of the shopping center, the parking requirement shall be that
for the shopping center.
| |
|
c.
|
When restaurants, fast-food establishments,
cocktail lounges, taverns, nightclubs or other establishments for
the consumption of food or beverages on or off premises are located
in a shopping center and comprise greater than 25% of the gross floor
area of the shopping center, the parking requirement shall be provided
for those uses in accordance with the separate requirements. The parking
calculation shall be computed separately for the retail and eating
and drinking establishments, then combined.
| |
|
Funeral homes
|
8 spaces per parlor or 1 space per
50 square feet of floor area, whichever is greater
| |
|
Manufacturing, wholesale establishment,
warehouse, industrial plant or similar establishment
|
1 space per 400 square feet gross
floor area
| |
|
General service or repair establishment,
printing, publishing, plumbing or heating business
|
1 space per 400 square feet gross
floor area
| |
|
Auditorium, theater, gymnasium, stadium,
arena, convention center, ballroom or similar establishment
|
1 space per 5 persons rated capacity
| |
|
Bowling alley
|
6 spaces per lane
| |
|
Game room, dance hall, skating rink,
swimming pool, auditorium or exhibition center (without fixed seats),
indoor racquet court, indoor athletic and exercise facility and similar
uses
|
1 space per 5 persons rated capacity
| |
|
Movie theaters
|
1 space per 4 seats
| |
|
Food storage lockers
|
1 space per 200 square feet of customer
service area
| |
|
General service or repair establishments
|
1 space per 3 employees on premises
| |
|
Animal hospital
|
1 space per 400 square feet of gross
floor area
| |
|
Physician's or dentist's office
|
4 spaces per physician or dentist
| |
|
Hospital
|
1 space per 2 patient beds
| |
|
Hospitals, clinics in excess of 10,000
square feet and other medical treatment facilities
|
1.5 spaces per bed or 1 space per
400 square feet gross floor area, whichever is less
| |
|
Clinics less than 10,000 square feet
|
1 space per 250 square feet of gross
floor area
| |
|
Group home, halfway house
|
1 space per each employee, plus 1
space per 2 occupants
| |
|
Housing for the elderly or disabled
|
1 space per 2 beds, plus 1 space
per each employee of the largest shift
| |
A.
The Town recognizes that, due to the particularities of any given development, the inflexible application of the parking standards set forth in § 128-97E may result in a development either with inadequate parking space or parking space far in excess of its needs. The former situation may lead to traffic congestion or parking violations in adjacent streets as well as unauthorized parking in nearby private lots. The latter situation wastes money as well as space that could more desirably be used for valuable development or environmentally useful open space. Therefore, as suggested in § 128-97, the approving authority may permit deviations from the presumptive requirements of § 128-97E and may require more parking or allow less parking whenever it finds that such deviations are more likely to satisfy the standard set forth in § 128-97.
B.
Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the permit-issuing authority may allow deviations from the parking requirements set forth in § 128-97E when it finds that:
C.
Whenever the permit-issuing authority allows or requires a deviation from the presumptive parking requirements set forth in § 128-97E, it shall enter on the face of the permit the parking requirement that it imposes and the reasons for allowing or requiring the deviation.
D.
If the permit-issuing authority concludes, based upon information it receives in the consideration of a specific development proposal, that the presumption established by § 128-97E for a particular use classification is erroneous, it shall initiate a request for an amendment to the Table of Parking Requirements in accordance with the procedures set forth in this chapter, Article XX, Amendments.
A.
Subject to Subsections B and C, each parking space shall contain a rectangular area at least 20 feet long and 9 feet wide. Lines demarcating parking spaces may be drawn at various angles in relation to curbs or aisles, so long as the parking spaces so created contain within them the rectangular area required by this section.
B.
In parking areas containing 10 or more
parking spaces, up to 20% of the parking spaces need contain a rectangular
area of only 7 1/2 feet in width by 15 feet in length. If such
spaces are provided, they shall be conspicuously designated as reserved
for small or compact cars only.
C.
Wherever parking areas consist of spaces
set aside for parallel parking, the dimensions of such parking spaces
shall be not less than 22 feet long by 9 feet wide.
A.
Parking area aisle widths shall conform
to the following table, which varies the width requirement according
to the angle of parking.
|
Parking Angle
| |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Aisle Width
(feet)
|
0º
|
30º
|
45º
|
60º
|
90º
|
|
One-way traffic
|
13
|
11
|
13
|
18
|
24
|
|
Two-way traffic
|
19
|
20
|
21
|
23
|
24
|
B.
Driveways shall be not less than 10 feet
in width for one-way traffic and 18 feet in width for two-way traffic,
except that ten-foot-wide driveways are permissible for two-way traffic
when the driveway is not longer than 50 feet, it provides access to
not more than six spaces, and sufficient turning space is provided
so that vehicles need not back into a public street.
A.
Unless no other practicable alternative
is available, vehicle accommodation areas shall be designed so that,
without resorting to extraordinary movements, vehicles may exit such
areas without backing onto a public street. This requirement does
not apply to parking areas consisting of driveways that serve one
or two dwelling units, although backing onto arterial and major collector
streets is discouraged.
B.
Vehicle accommodation areas of all development
shall be designed so that sanitation, emergency, and other public
service vehicles can serve such developments without the necessity
of backing unreasonable distances or making other dangerous or hazardous
turning movements.
C.
Every vehicle accommodation area shall
be designed so that vehicles are separated from walkways, sidewalks,
streets, or alleys by a wall, fence, curbing or other protective device
and cannot extend beyond the perimeter of such area onto adjacent
properties or public rights-of-way. Such areas shall also be designed
so that vehicles do not extend over sidewalks or tend to impact damage
any wall, vegetation, or other obstruction
D.
Circulation areas shall be designed so
that vehicles can proceed safely without posing a danger to pedestrians
or other vehicles and without interfering with parking areas.
E.
Off-street parking facilities shall be drained to prevent standing water and prevent damage or flooding to abutting property and public streets and alleys, surfaced with erosion-resistant material, and incorporate the best management practices of Chapter 106, Stormwater Management. Off-street parking areas shall be maintained in a clean, orderly, and dust-free condition at the expense of the owner or lessee and not used for the sale, repair, or dismantling or servicing of any vehicles, equipment, or materials.
A.
Vehicle accommodation areas that include
lanes for drive-in windows or contain parking areas that are required
to have more than 10 parking spaces and that are used regularly at
least five days per week shall be graded and surfaced with asphalt,
concrete or other material that will provide equivalent protection
against potholes, erosion, and dust, in accordance with Town specifications.
B.
Vehicle accommodation area surfaces shall
match the specifications of the Town. Porous pavers may be allowed
if consistent with the Town specifications and approved by the Town.
C.
Vehicle accommodation areas that are not provided with the type of surface specified in Subsection A shall be graded and surfaced with crushed stone, gravel, or other suitable material to provide a surface that is stable and will help to reduce dust and erosion. The perimeter of such parking areas shall be defined by bricks, stones, railroad ties, or other similar measures. In addition, whenever such a vehicle accommodation area abuts a paved street, the driveway leading from such street to such area (or, if there is no driveway, the portion of the vehicle accommodation area that opens onto such streets) shall be paved as provided in Subsection A for a distance of 15 feet back from the edge of the paved street. Single-family or two-family residences or other uses that are required to have only one or two parking spaces and abut a paved street without a sidewalk shall be paved as provided in Subsection A for a distance of five feet back from the edge of a paved street.
E.
Vehicle accommodation areas shall be properly
maintained in all respects. In particular, and without limiting the
foregoing, vehicle accommodation area surfaces shall be kept in good
condition (free from potholes, etc.), and parking space lines or markings
shall be kept clearly visible and distinct.
A.
One parking area may contain required spaces
for several different uses, but except as otherwise provided in this
section, the required space assigned to one use may not be credited
to any other use.
B.
To the extent that developments apply to
make joint use of the same parking spaces to operate at different
times, the same spaces may be credited to both uses. For example,
if a parking lot is used in connection with an office building on
Monday through Friday but is generally 90% vacant on weekends, another
development that operates only on weekends may be credited with 90%
of the spaces on that lot. Or, if a church parking lot is generally
occupied only to 50% of capacity on days other than Sunday, another
development may make use of 50% of the church lot's spaces on those
other days.
A.
If the number of off-street parking spaces
required by this section cannot reasonably be provided on the same
lot where the principal use associated with these parking spaces is
located, then spaces may be provided on adjacent or nearby lots under
separate ownership in accordance with the provisions of this section.
These off-site spaces are referred to in this section as "satellite
parking spaces."
B.
All such satellite parking spaces (except
spaces intended for employee use) must be located within 400 feet
of a public entrance of a principal building housing the use associated
with such parking, or within 400 feet of the lot on which the use
associated with such parking is located if the use is not housed within
any principal building. Satellite parking spaces intended for employee
use may be located within any reasonable distance on adjacent or nearby
lots under separate ownership. Public street parking spaces shall
not be permitted as accommodation for retail and office employee use.
C.
The developer wishing to take advantage
of the provisions of this section must present satisfactory written
evidence that he has the permission of the owner or other authorized
person in charge of the satellite parking spaces to use such spaces.
The developer must also sign an acknowledgment that the continuing
validity of his permit depends upon his continuing ability to provide
the requisite number of parking spaces.
D.
The developer who obtains satellite parking
spaces in accordance with this section shall not be held accountable
for ensuring that the satellite parking areas from which they obtain
their spaces satisfy the design requirements of this article except
as a requirement to fulfill the number of parking spaces.
Notwithstanding any other provisions of this chapter, whenever there exists a lot with one or more structures on it constructed before the effective date of this chapter, and a change in use that does not involve any enlargement of a structure is proposed for such lot, and the parking requirements of § 128-97 that would be applicable as a result of the proposed change cannot be satisfied on such lot because there is not sufficient area available on the lot that can practicably be used for parking, then the developer need only comply with the requirements of § 128-97 to the extent the parking space is practicably available on the lot where the development is located, and satellite parking space is reasonably available as provided in § 128-104. However, if satellite parking subsequently becomes reasonably available, then it shall be a continuing condition of the permit authorizing development on such lot that the developer obtain satellite parking when it does become available.
A.
Parking areas of more than five vehicles which adjoin or are faced by a residential district shall be effectively screened on each side by an ornamental wall, fence, or compact evergreen hedge. Such screen shall be not less than four feet or more than six feet in height and shall be maintained in good condition without any advertising thereon. No part of any parking space shall be closer than five feet to any street line. Any lighting used to illuminate any parking area shall be so arranged as to direct the light away from adjoining premises in any residential district and from public roads, and comply with lighting standards set forth in Article XXII.
B.
Parking facilities with more than 10 parking
spaces shall comply with the requirements below:
(1)
Interior landscaping. For surface
parking facilities, at least 10% of the parking facility shall be
permanently landscaped.
(2)
Interpretation; computation of interior
landscaping requirement. The interior landscaping requirement shall
be computed on the basis of the net parking facility. For the purposes
of this section, "net parking facility" shall include parking stalls,
access drives, aisles, walkways, dead spaces, and required separations
from structures, but shall not include required street setbacks or
access driveways or walkways within such setbacks.
(3)
Planting beds. All landscaping shall
be contained in planting beds. Each planting bed shall have a minimum
area of 25 square feet and shall be enclosed by appropriate curbing
or similar device at least six inches wide and six inches in height
above the paving surface.
(4)
Plant materials. Surface parking
facilities shall contain at least one tree for each 1,500 square feet
of required parking area. In addition to required trees, each planting
bed shall contain appropriate ground cover or shrubbery. Nonplant
material such as statuary or fountains may be used in landscaped areas,
provided it does not dominate the planting bed.
(5)
Installation/maintenance. Landscaping
shall be installed and continuously maintained by the owner.
(6)
Site plan requirements. All required
site plans for parking facilities shall contain detailed landscaping
and maintenance plans. The landscaping plan shall be drawn to an accurate
scale and shall include:
A.
Subject to Subsection E, whenever the normal operation of any development requires that goods, merchandise, or equipment be routinely delivered to or shipped from that development, a sufficient off-street loading and unloading area must be provided in accordance with this section to accommodate the delivery or shipment operations in a safe and convenient manner.
B.
The loading and unloading area must be
of sufficient size to accommodate the numbers and types of vehicles
that are likely to use this area, given the nature of the development
in question. The following table indicates the number and size of
spaces that, presumptively, satisfy the standard set forth in this
subsection. However, the permit-issuing authority may require more
or less loading and unloading area if reasonably necessary to satisfy
the foregoing standard.
|
Gross Floor Area of Building
(square feet)
|
Number of Spaces1
|
|---|---|
|
1,000 to 19,000
|
1
|
|
20,000 to 79,999
|
2
|
|
80,000 to 127,999
|
3
|
|
128,000 to 191,000
|
4
|
|
192,000 to 255,999
|
5
|
|
256,000 to 319,999
|
6
|
|
320,000 to 391,999
|
7
|
|
For each additional 72,000 square
feet or fraction thereof
|
1
|
|
NOTES:
| |
|---|---|
|
1
|
Minimum dimensions of 12 feet by
35 feet and overhead clearance of 14 feet from street grade are required.
|
C.
Loading and unloading areas shall be so
located and designed that the vehicles intended to use them can maneuver
safely and conveniently to and from a public right-of-way, and complete
the loading and unloading operations without obstructing or interfering
with any public right-of-way or any parking space or parking lot aisle.
D.
No area allocated to loading and unloading
facilities may be used to satisfy the area requirements for off-street
parking, nor shall any portion of any off-street parking area be used
to satisfy the area requirements for loading and unloading facilities.
E.
Whenever there exists a lot with one or
more structures on it constructed before the effective date of this
chapter, and a change in use that does not involve any enlargement
of a structure is proposed for such lot, and the loading area requirements
of this section cannot be satisfied because there is not sufficient
area available on the lot that can practicably be used for loading
and unloading, then the developer need only comply with this section
to the extent reasonably possible.
New commercial, institutional, office,
industrial and recreation uses shall provide bicycle parking facilities.
