[HISTORY: Adopted by the Borough Council of the Borough of
Ephrata 5-10-2010 by Res. No. 2010-15.[1] Amendments noted where applicable.]
GENERAL REFERENCES
Streets and sidewalks — See Ch. 277.
Subdivision and land development — See Ch. 281.
[1]
Editor's Note: This resolution also repealed former Ch.
A333, Curb and Sidewalk Construction Specifications, adopted 10-8-1990
by Res. No. 90-16.
The purpose of these specifications is to aid the property owner,
or contractor acting for the property owner, in constructing new or
reconstructing existing curb and sidewalk.
A.
A permit, issued by Ephrata Borough, must be obtained prior to any
curb and/or sidewalk construction within a street, alley or public
right-of-way. Approval of the permit is only an indicator of meeting
these specifications and no other requirements as may be applicable.
C.
The Borough Engineer or his or her authorized designee may, at any
time during the course of work of construction, reconstruction or
repair of any sidewalks or curbing, visit the site of such work to
determine whether or not such work is being done according to the
requirements of the Curb and Sidewalk Construction Specifications
of the Borough of Ephrata.
A.
The current, applicable PennDOT Specifications, based upon permit
application date, shall prevail unless otherwise required by the Borough.
B.
The work area must be clean and neat at the end of each day. All
excess excavated material shall be removed from the site daily, or
as directed by the Borough. All work started must be completed within
seven consecutive calendar days, unless otherwise approved by the
Borough.
C.
Appropriate barricades shall be placed around the work area in such
a manner as to protect both pedestrian and vehicular traffic while
potential hazards to both pedestrian and vehicular traffic exist or
as directed by the Borough. Such barricades shall be placed and properly
lighted during night hours or as directed by the Borough. All work
zone traffic control shall be per the current edition of PennDOT Publication
213, Temporary Traffic Control Guidelines, or as approved by the Borough.
Any road closure and subsequent detour route(s) must be submitted
to the Borough Engineer or his designee for approval at least 48 hours
in advance of the proposed construction. All traffic control devices
required for road closure and detour routes will be the responsibility
of the contractor.
D.
Street excavation for curb construction shall be parallel to the
finished curb a minimum of twelve inches and a maximum of 18 inches
from the face of the curb and shall be saw cut in a straight line.
All material excavated from the street shall be replaced with PennDOT
2A stone, or its equivalent, and mechanically compacted to within
five inches of the finish street surface, or as directed by the Borough.
E.
F.
Street signs.
(1)
Reinstall all existing street signs and sign posts (Borough will
supply new signs and/or posts, as necessary). The property owner,
or contractor acting for the property owner, must install a four-inch
schedule 40 PVC pipe sleeve through the sidewalk to accommodate the
sign post. All sign posts must be reinstalled, straight and plumb,
at their original location(s) to the satisfaction of the Borough.
Fill in the area around the sign post, within the PVC pipe, with sand
or stone dust or as approved by the Borough.
(2)
Post shall be 18 inches from face of curb and installed sign should
not overhang the face of the curb encroaching into the street.
(3)
Bottom of sign must be seven feet above finished sidewalk surface.
(4)
If sidewalk is less than five feet wide, sign post may be moved to
within 12 inches of the face of curb as approved by the Borough.
(5)
Stop signs are to be erect and visible to traffic at all times.
G.
Utility grade adjustment. All water boxes, sewer vents, etc., must
be adjusted to finish grade of new sidewalk and shall be installed
straight and plumb to allow access to the shut- off valve. Lids must
be free of any concrete to allow easy access without chipping away
concrete. Adequately cover lids with plastic bag or duct tape prior
to pouring concrete and remove and properly dispose of the protective
covering material immediately after job is completed.
H.
Expansion joints.
(1)
Where a sidewalk abuts concrete curbing, building, concrete wall
or other permanent structure, including existing sidewalk, a premolded
expansion joint one-half inch in thickness shall be placed between
the existing curb or structure and sidewalk for the full length and
depth of such permanent structure. The slabs shall be constructed
in forty-foot maximum lengths with pre-molded expansion material having
a minimum thickness of one-half inch separating slabs transversely.
Radii expansion joints shall be at tangent points and intermediate
points not exceeding twenty-foot lengths, or as approved by the Borough.
(2)
For sidewalks, scoring shall be done transversely at evenly spaced
intervals of five feet. The depth shall be 1/5 the thickness of the
concrete and in no case less than 3/4 inch deep.
(3)
For curbs, scoring shall be done at not greater than twenty-foot
intervals. The scoring shall be done transversely and extend continuously
down the face of the curb 10 inches. The score shall be two inches
deep. Expansion joints may be substituted for scoring.
(4)
Where existing structures such as light standards, poles, fire hydrants
and similar structures are within the limits of construction, prior
to pouring the concrete around such structures, a premolded expansion
joint 1/2 inch in thickness shall be placed directly around the structure
for the full depth of the concrete, or as directed by the Borough.
I.
Monuments. No monuments or property corners shall be covered or disturbed
by the construction of permanent sidewalk or curb. Whenever monuments
are either above or below the finished grade of a sidewalk, the Borough
shall be given sufficient notice to permit resetting or removal, if
necessary, of the monument prior to pouring concrete.
J.
Sidewalk width. The minimum width of a sidewalk shall be five feet
and, when curb and sidewalk are combined, the minimum width shall
be five feet six inches. Sidewalks shall slope toward the street 1/4
inch per foot of width. Exceptions due to existing conditions may
be granted by the Borough Engineer or his designee.
K.
Adjacent curb and/or sidewalk. Care should be taken during the curb
and/or sidewalk construction process to prevent damage to adjacent
or adjoining curb and/or sidewalk. Also, smoothly transition into
adjacent or adjoining, existing curbs and/or sidewalk to prevent tripping
hazards. Always provide an expansion joint at property lines and between
curb and sidewalk if not poured monolithically.
L.
Tree cutouts. Where trees exist or are planned in the sidewalk area,
a minimum, clear concrete sidewalk width of three feet must be maintained.
If three feet of clear concrete sidewalk width cannot be maintained
the tree must be removed or planned elsewhere.
M.
Sidewalk leveling. When permitted by the Borough Engineer or his
designee, leveling of an existing block or blocks of sidewalk may
be performed to bring that block or blocks of sidewalk to level grade
with adjacent concrete curb and/or sidewalk. The existing block or
blocks of concrete sidewalk designated for leveling must be in good,
solid condition and free of cracking or defects of any kind. Although
achieving level grade with adjacent concrete curb and/or sidewalk
after leveling is the goal, all leveled blocks of sidewalk must be
within 1/2 inch, vertically, of all adjacent curb and sidewalk, no
exceptions. If grade requirements cannot be met or the block cracks
during leveling operations it must be replaced.
N.
Modifications to Existing concrete curb and/or sidewalk.
(1)
When straight curb exists where a driveway depression or ADA ramp
is planned, the entire depth of existing curb must be replaced in
accordance with these specifications. No modifications or alterations,
such as saw-cutting, jack-hammering, etc., may be made to the existing
straight curb to accommodate a driveway depression or ADA ramp.
(3)
Where uneven curb sections exist, an appropriate length section of
curb must be replaced as necessary to eliminate the uneven existing
condition(s). No modifications or alterations may be made to remedy
the uneven condition. The existing uneven conditions can be horizontal
or vertical.
(4)
No modifications or alterations of any kind may be made to existing
concrete sidewalk to accommodate a driveway depression or ADA ramp
or to correct an uneven condition. The affected block or blocks of
sidewalk must be replaced or leveled in accordance with these specifications.
All materials shall conform to PennDOT Construction Specifications,
Publication 408, current edition. The use of calcium chloride will
not be permitted in concrete used in repair or construction. No material
such as asphalt, macadam or blacktop shall be substituted for these
specifications. Submit a copy of concrete batch slips to the Borough
upon request.
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Concrete Requirements
| ||
|---|---|---|
|
Item
|
Minimum
|
Maximum
|
|
Compressive strength (28 days) (psi)
|
4,000
|
---
|
|
Air entrainment
|
3 1/2%
|
7 1/2%
|
|
Slump (regular forming) (inches)
|
1
|
4
|
|
Slump (slip forming) (inches)
|
---
|
1 1/2*
|
|
Temperature
|
60º F.
|
100° F.
|
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* NOTE: High early strength (HES) concrete may be used for construction
of driveway depressions and when slip forming, as applicable.
|
A.
B.
Driveways.
(1)
At curb depressions for driveway entrances crossing any sidewalk,
the curb shall be depressed across the driveway by providing a sloping
section at either side with a slope of two inches per foot depressing
the curb a minimum distance required to maintain a depressed curb
reveal of one inch, maximum, above the finish grade of the street
at the face of curb, and carrying the approach slope to the sidewalk
grade at a minimum point of three feet six inches from the street
face of the curb to a maximum of the full width of the sidewalk, or
as approved by the Borough. In any event, the minimum slope of the
driveway depression from the back of the sidewalk towards the street
must be 1/4 inch per foot.
(2)
Curb and sidewalk depressions for residential driveway entrances
crossing any sidewalk shall have a minimum thickness of six inches
and must include six-inch-by-six-inch, No. 10 gauge, welded wire fabric
reinforcement in the sidewalk and 2 No. 5 rebar in the curb (see Drawing
Sheets Nos. 1 and 2 of 6).[2] All other types of driveway entrances shall be designed
by the property owner to withstand its anticipated loading, but shall
not be less than the minimum requirements of the residential driveway
entrance. The design must be approved by the Borough.
[2]
Editor's Note: Said Drawing Sheet is on file in the Borough
offices.
(3)
All other driveway requirements and design standards shall be in accordance with the Code of the Borough of Ephrata, Chapter 281, Subdivision and Land Development, as currently revised; and Chapter 319, Zoning, as currently revised. Curb returns are not permitted. Exceptions due to conditions must be approved by Borough Council or as otherwise required and approved by the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation (PennDOT) along and/or adjacent to state roads or highways.
A.
Curb. Excavation shall be made to the required depth and the material
upon which the curb is to be constructed shall be compacted to 90%
of proctor density of material. A mechanically compacted layer of
AASHTO No. 57 (PennDOT 2B) stone not less than four inches thick shall
be provided under the curb prior to pouring concrete for the curb.
B.
Sidewalk. Excavation shall be made to the required depth and a layer
of AASHTO No. 57 (PennDOT 2B) stone not less than four inches thick
shall be placed and mechanically compacted prior to the laying of
sidewalk. [Note: All topsoil and all other vegetation shall be removed
prior to placement of the stone.]
Forms shall be of wood or metal, straight, free from warp and of sufficient strength to withstand the pressure of the concrete without springing. If of wood, they shall be two-inch planks, minimum, surfaced on the inside and the top. Forms shall be of a depth equal to the depth of the concrete. A front and back form shall be used for curb except where a good concrete sidewalk, which is not to be removed, abuts the new curb. Expansion material must be provided per § A333-4H. Forms shall be accurately set to line and grade in such a manner as to prevent settlement or displacement. Forms shall be coated with a form release agent just prior to the placement of concrete. Use forms that will not discolor the concrete.
A.
Curb. All forms must be removed within 24 hours after the concrete
has been placed, and minor defects shall be filled with mortar composed
of one part portland cement and two parts fine aggregate. The top
and face of the curb from the top to 10 inches below or to the top
of the street surface shall be finished while the concrete is still
green by rubbing the surface with a carborundum stone, soft brick
or wood block and water until a smooth, even surface is produced.
All joints in the curb shall be promptly opened from top to bottom
and edges adjacent to the joints shall be sharp and clean cut.
B.
Sidewalk. Trowel or brush-finished surfaces only. Provide a finish
sidewalk surface that is non-slip.
|
Note: Water is to be used sparingly when finishing all concrete
surfaces. Do not overwork the surface.
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Concrete curbs and sidewalks shall be protected from adverse
weather conditions with plastic, burlap, canvas or similar materials.
Curing compound may be applied to retain moisture in concrete to allow
complete hydration of the cement. Two applications of curing compound
should be used, the second coat to be applied after the first coat
has dried. Use a nonyellowing type compound. Plastic, burlap, straw
or other types of moisture barrier must be used to maintain concrete
wetness during the curing process for at least seven days after pouring,
if curing compound is not used. No concrete shall be placed when the
temperature is below 32° F. To help prevent spalling and deterioration
of concrete surface from winter damage, a concrete hardener may be
applied 28 days after concrete is poured.
A.
After the concrete has cured sufficiently, spaces adjacent to the
curb and/or sidewalks will be refilled with acceptable material in
layers of not more than four inches in depth. Each layer shall be
thoroughly compacted to the required elevation. Final layer of backfill
shall consist of topsoil previously stripped, or new topsoil, and
shall be properly seeded.
B.
On the roadway side of all curbs, backfill shall be made with PennDOT
2A stone and mechanically compacted to within five inches of the street
surface. Note: The Borough shall be contacted one working day prior
to backfill of roadway so proper arrangements can be made for macadam
restoration of the street surface.
All curb and sidewalk areas in the Borough being newly constructed
or reconstructed shall provide curb cut ramps for the physically disabled
as required in accordance with current PennDOT specifications and
as shown on Roadway Construction Standards RC-67M, current revision.
B.
Excavation shall be made to the required depth and the material upon
which the slant curb is to be constructed shall be compacted to 90%
of proctor density of material. A mechanically compacted layer of
AASHTO No. 57 (PennDOT 2B) stone not less than four inches thick shall
be placed under the curb prior to pouring of concrete.
