[Ord. No. 4238 §2(501.1), 10-3-1988]
For every use, activity or structure permitted by this Chapter
and for all buildings or structures erected in accordance herewith,
there shall be provided sufficient space for access and off-street
standing, parking, circulation, unloading and loading of motor vehicles
that may be expected to transport their occupants, whether as patrons,
residents, customers, employees, guests or otherwise, to an establishment,
activity or place of residence at any time under normal conditions
for any purpose. When a use is expanded, accessory off-street parking
and loading shall be provided in accordance with the regulations herein
for the area or capacity of such expansion in combination with the
previously existing use, structure or activity.
[Ord. No. 4238 §2(501.2), 10-3-1988]
A. Determination Of Required Number Of Spaces.
1. Fractional spaces. When determination of the number
of off-street parking spaces required by this regulation results in
a requirement of a fractional space, the fraction of one-half (½)
less may be disregarded, and a fraction in excess of one-half (½)
shall be counted as one (1) parking space.
2. Floor area. "Floor area", when
used as a measurement for determining the number of parking spaces
for office, merchandising or service uses, shall mean the gross floor
area used, or intended to be used, for service to the public as patrons
or patients, including areas occupied by fixtures and equipment used
for display or sale of merchandise. It shall not include areas used
principally for non-public purposes such as storage, processing or
packaging of merchandise, show windows, or rest rooms or utilities,
dressing, fitting or alteration rooms.
B. Parking For Multiple Use Buildings. The number of parking spaces required for land or buildings used for two (2) or more purposes shall be the sum of the requirements for the various uses, computed in accordance with this Chapter. Parking facilities for one (1) use shall not be considered as providing the required parking facilities for any other use, except where shared parking provisions may be demonstrated in accordance with Section
405.330(H).
C. Use Of Required Parking Spaces. Required accessory off-street
parking facilities provided for the uses hereinafter listed shall
be solely for the parking of motor vehicles in operating condition
of patrons, occupants or employees of such uses and shall not be used
for the storage of other vehicles, boats, motor homes, campers, mobile
homes or materials. All off-street vehicles shall be parked only on
required accessory off-street parking facilities.
D. Accessory Parking Lots. All required off-street parking
or loading spaces shall be provided on the same parcel of land occupied
by the use or building to which it is appurtenant; provided however,
that where there are, in the judgment of the Planning and Zoning Commission,
practical difficulties in satisfying the requirement for parking space
and/or if the public safety or convenience would be better served
by another location, the Planning and Zoning Commission may recommend
authorization of an alternate location for any portion of the required
parking for a non-residential use which will adequately serve the
public interest, subject to the following conditions:
1. Required accessory off-street parking facilities may be provided
elsewhere than on the lot on which the principal use served is located,
provided that the property occupied as parking is in the same possession,
either by deed, by easement, or by long-term lease which has a term
equal to or exceeding the projected life of the facility occupied
by the principal use, and further provided that the owner shall be
bound by covenants filed on record in the office of the County Recorder
requiring the owners, heirs or assigns to maintain the required number
of off-street parking spaces during the existence of such principal
use.
2. Pedestrian access shall be available within a walking distance of
not more than three hundred (300) feet measured from the nearest point
of public access to the building to the nearest part of the accessory
parking area.
3. Such separate parking space shall be usable without causing unreasonable
traffic congestion, detriment to any residential neighborhood or hazard
to pedestrians or vehicular traffic.
4. All accessory parking lots shall be located on property zoned within
the same or similar zoning district.
E. Changes In Use. No off-street parking space required under
this Chapter shall be used for any other purpose. Where a change in
use creates greater parking requirements than the amount being provided,
an occupancy permit shall not be issued until provision is made for
the increased amount of required off-street parking.
F. Additions To Structures, Buildings Or Uses. Where an addition
is made to an existing structure, building or use which does not comply
with the parking requirements cited for such structure, building or
use, the parking requirements supplied for the addition shall include
those spaces necessary to bring the structure, building or use as
a whole into conformance with the requirements of this Chapter.
G. Existing Parking. No parking area or parking space which
exists at the time this Chapter becomes effective (October 3, 1988)
or which subsequent thereto is provided for the purpose of complying
with the provisions of this Chapter shall thereafter be relinquished
or reduced in any manner below the requirements established by this
Chapter.
[Ord. No. 4238 §2(501.3), 10-3-1988; Ord. No. 4274 §6, 6-5-1989; Ord.
No. 4313 §2, 3-5-1990]
A. The
following general and specific standards shall apply to all accessory
parking facilities and to all commercial or public parking facilities
built as a primary land use:
1. General on-site circulation design standards.
a. There shall be an adequate, safe and convenient arrangement of pedestrian
circulation facilities, roadways, driveways, off-street parking, and
loading space.
b. Roads, pedestrian walks and open space shall be designed as integral
parts of an overall site design. They shall be properly related to
existing and proposed buildings and appropriately landscaped.
c. Buildings, vehicular circulation and open spaces shall be arranged
so that pedestrians moving between buildings are not unnecessarily
exposed to vehicular traffic.
d. Landscaped, paved and comfortably graded pedestrian walks shall be
provided along the lines of the most intense use, particularly from
building entrances to streets, parking areas and adjacent buildings.
e. The materials used and the design of paving, lighting, fixtures,
retaining walls, fences, curbs and benches shall be of good appearance,
easily maintained and indicative of their function.
f. Ramps shall be provided giving access from parking areas to the building
served for disabled persons utilizing wheelchairs.
2. General on-site parking and loading design standards.
a. In accordance with the requirements of this Chapter, all parking garages shall be subject to site plan review in accordance with the procedures established in Section
405.390. Where parking garages are adjacent to residential districts, the Planning and Zoning Commission may make recommendations to the City Council with respect to the design of such structures to ensure that potential impacts of light, noise and fumes generated by such structures are minimized or mitigated. The Council may incorporate these recommendations and/or additional recommendations into this Chapter for site plan approval.
b. Parking facilities shall be landscaped and screened from public view
to the extent necessary to eliminate unsightliness and monotony of
parked cars.
c. Parking facilities shall be designed with careful regard to orderly
arrangement, topography, landscaping, ease of access and shall be
developed as an integral part of the overall site design.
d. Any above grade loading facility shall be screened from public view
to the extent necessary to eliminate unsightliness.
e. Adequate parking spaces shall be specially designated for the parking
of vehicles of disabled persons. Such spaces shall be twelve (12)
feet wide and located close to the building entry.
3. Size of parking spaces.
a. Surface and garage. Parking space and layout standards shall be provided in accordance with Section
505.160 of this Code.
4. Parking surface, drainage and maintenance. All open off-street parking areas shall be constructed to City of Richmond Heights standards. All parking and loading facilities, and access thereto, shall be provided with a permanent, all-weather, paved surface; and shall be provided with adequate stormwater drainage facilities to prevent damage or inconvenience to abutting property and/or public streets and alleys. Parking and loading areas shall be maintained in a clean, orderly and dust-free condition at the expense of the owner or lessee. The detention of stormwater runoff shall be subject to further regulation in accordance with Section
405.360.
5. Markings and wheel bumpers. Except as otherwise
noted herein, all parking spaces shall be marked by durable painted
lines at least four (4) inches wide and extending the length of the
space or by curbs or other means to indicate individual spaces. Signs
or markers located on the surface within a parking lot shall be used
as necessary to ensure sufficient and safe traffic operation of the
lot. Wheel bumpers or setback curbs shall be provided on all spaces
when necessary to protect pedestrian traffic or structures.
6. Lighting. Lighting shall be provided to illuminate
any off-street parking or loading spaces to be used at night. If provided,
an average lighting level of at least one and one-half (1½)
foot-candles on pavement shall be maintained, and the lighting shall
be arranged and installed to deflect, shade and focus lights away
from adjacent properties. The height, type, spacing and degree of
cut off of a light standard may be further regulated by the Planning
and Zoning Commission in relation to specific site conditions or types
of development.
7. Screening and landscaping. All parking and loading
areas shall be properly screened and landscaped with natural plant
material. It is the purpose and intention of this Article to adequately
protect contiguous property against undesirable effects from the creation
and operation of parking or loading areas and to protect, preserve
and enhance the appearance and character of the surrounding neighborhoods
and of the City through the screening and landscaping of parking facilities.
a. The landscaping shall include, to the extent necessary to further
the intent of this Article, shrubs, bushes, hedges, trees, decorative
walls or fencing as set forth below.
b. The frontage along the entire parking or loading area adjacent to
any public or private street shall be landscaped and protected so
as to separate and screen any parking area from the adjacent streets,
including the provision of deciduous, hardwood street trees at not
more than thirty-five (35) feet on center located either within the
right-of-way, if approved by the appropriate public agency, or parallel
to the right-of-way on the subject property.
c. When off-street parking or loading areas and other areas zoned for
any use except one-family and two-family residential districts are
located adjacent to a residential district or to any lot upon which
there is a dwelling as a permitted use, there shall be provided along
the lot line a continuous, solid fence or masonry wall to a height
adequate to prevent the direct light from automobile headlights being
cast on adjacent residential units but with a minimum height of six
(6) feet and not more than eight (8) feet, except that the height
of such fence or wall shall not exceed three and one-half (3½)
feet within fifteen (15) feet of the public right-of-way, and this
Section shall not require a fence in a front yard in the case of a
corner lot with double frontage.
d. In addition to any landscaped front, back or side yard areas required
by this or any other Section, a minimum of ten (10) square feet of
landscaping shall be provided for each parking space within the parking
area. The landscaping shall be in one (1) or more areas so as to minimize
and reduce the apparent size of the parking areas. The landscaping
shall include, in each separate landscaping area, at least one (1)
hardwood shade tree specie to be approved by site plan review.
e. All planting areas, except those on the periphery of a parking lot
or areas, shall be raised and curbed and shall have a minimum area
of fifty (50) square feet and a minimum width of five (5) feet.
f. Within all surface parking lots there shall be a minimum of two (2)
trees within and up to every one hundred (100) linear feet of parking
for each parking row. Such trees shall be spaced evenly wherever possible,
and the ends of parking rows abutting a circulation aisle shall be
landscaped.
g. Shade trees of a leaf or flowering variety shall be provided in accordance
with the preceding landscape standards and shall have a minimum caliper
of three (3) inches in the trunk, a clear trunk of at least five (5)
feet, and shall be properly planted and braced. The number of such
trees shall be determined by the application of the above-mentioned
landscape standards, provided however, that in no instance shall there
be less than two (2) such trees in conjunction with the development
of any facility or lot.
h. No landscaped hedge shall be less than two (2) feet in height and
three (3) feet in width; however, no hedge, wall or berm shall exceed
three (3) feet in height within ten (10) feet of any driveway opening.
The individual plants used in the development of such a hedge shall
be placed so as to be not more than twenty-four (24) inches on center.
i. The use of earth berms shall be encouraged, provided these are designed
in any area of enough size so as to cause no erosion, drainage or
maintenance problem.
j. Interior planting bed areas which are used for the planting of trees
or which are used for landscaping treatment generally may be treated
with either grass and/or other types of ground cover beneath and surrounding
trees and shrubs, provided water absorption is not impaired.
k. All landscaping shall be perpetually maintained in good condition
with at least the same quality and quantity of landscaping as initially
approved. In order to present a healthy, neat and orderly appearance,
landscaped areas should be provided with adequate irrigation for the
maintenance of grass, shrubs, ground covering and other landscaping
by utilization of a sprinkler system, hose bibs and/or such other
method of providing water.
l. All landscaped areas in parking areas or adjacent to parking or loading
areas, or which can be encroached upon by a motor vehicle, shall be
provided with an adequate, permanent concrete curb or wheel bumpers,
as approved by the City Engineer or his/her representative, to restrict
the destruction of the landscaped areas by vehicles. Adequate scuppers
and/or weep holes shall be provided through the curbing to permit
drainage.
8. Attendant shelter. A shelter for the use of a parking
lot attendant may be maintained on the lot providing the location,
construction and design of same shall be first approved by the Planning
and Zoning Commission.
9. Maintenance. Any person operating or owning a parking
lot shall keep the same free as may be practical of dust and loose
particles and shall promptly remove snow and ice from the surface
of the parking lot. He/she shall also keep all adjacent sidewalks
free from dirt, ice, sleet and snow and shall keep the sidewalks in
a safe condition for use by pedestrians. All signs, markers, or any
other methods used to indicate direction of traffic movement and location
of parking spaces shall be maintained in a neat and legible condition.
Likewise, any walls, landscaping, including trees and shrubbery, as
well as surfacing and curbing of the parking lot, shall be maintained
in good condition throughout its use for parking purposes, and the
City Council shall have the authority to prohibit use of the area
for parking purposes unless and until proper maintenance, repair or
rehabilitation is completed, including the replacement of any landscaping
material which may die from time to time, or the failure of irrigation
or surface drainage system within the parking area.
[Ord. No. 4238 §2(501.4), 10-3-1988; Ord. No. 4274 §7, 6-5-1989; Ord.
No. 4307 §1, 1-2-1990; Ord. No. 4313 §3, 3-5-1990; Ord. No. 4376 §3, 12-3-1990; Ord. No. 4818 §1, 6-3-2002; Ord. No. 5532, 2-20-2024]
A. The following shall be the minimum number of off-street parking spaces
required for each land use, activity, building or structure permitted
by this Chapter.
B. Residential And Lodging Uses.
1.
Detached single-family dwellings: At least one (1) parking space
shall be provided for each detached single-family dwelling unit on
a paved drive area (notwithstanding the definition of parking space
in this Chapter).
2.
Two-family, multiple-family, or attached townhouse dwellings:
One and one-half (1.5) parking spaces shall be provided for each dwelling
unit. Parking within a Transit-Oriented Development District, which
is a planned land use district located no more than one-half (0.5)
miles from a transit station, may be reduced to one (1) parking space
per dwelling unit.
3.
Motels and hotels: One and fifteen hundredths (1.15) parking
spaces for each sleeping room. Additional spaces are required for
restaurants or places of assembly within such development.
4.
Assisted or nursing home: One (1) parking space for every three
(3) beds occupied at maximum capacity, plus one (1) for every business
vehicle.
C. Retail And Service Uses.
1.
Retail businesses: Parking or storage space for all vehicles
used directly in the conduct of such business, plus one (1) parking
space for each three hundred (300) square feet of gross floor area.
2.
Regional Shopping Center: An area with a zoning district classification
of "PD-C" (Planned Development District with a subclassification of
Commercial) with a primary use as a regional shopping center [defined
as shopping center having in excess of one million (1,000,000) square
feet of gross floor area], the parking requirement shall be four (4)
parking spaces per one thousand (1,000) square feet of gross leasable
floor area.
3.
Theaters: One (1) parking space for every four (4) seats or
[one (1) seat equals two (2) feet of bench length], or one (1) space
for every fifty (50) square feet of gross floor area when there is
no fixed seating.
4.
Recreation centers, swimming pools, skating rinks and other
public/private recreation and amusement facilities: One (1) parking
space for every two hundred (200) square feet of gross floor area.
5.
Bowling alley: Two (2) parking spaces for every one thousand
(1,000) square feet of gross floor area.
6.
Restaurants: Eighteen (18) parking spaces for every one thousand
(1,000) square feet of gross floor area.
7.
Private clubs, lodges or other organization of a fraternal,
civic, union related, religious or similar nature: Nineteen (19) parking
spaces for every one thousand (1,000) square feet of gross floor area.
8.
Auto service and gasoline filling stations: Parking or storage
parking space for all vehicles used directly in the conduct of the
business, plus four (4) parking spaces for each service bay or similar
auto service work space.
9.
Personal services, salons, laundry facilities: Four (4) spaces
per one thousand (1,000) square feet of gross floor area.
10.
Financial institutions: Four and six tenths (4.6) spaces per
one thousand (1,000) square feet of gross floor area.
11.
Pet care facilities: Two and one-half (2.5) spaces per one thousand
(1,000) square feet of gross floor area.
12.
Automobile, truck, recreational vehicle, or other large equipment
sales: One (1) parking space per three thousand (3,000) square feet
of gross sales area.
13.
Food markets: Four and one-half (4.5) parking spaces for every
one thousand (1,000) square feet of gross floor area.
14.
Funeral homes, mortuaries: Fifteen (15) parking spaces for every
one thousand (1,000) square feet of gross floor area.
15.
General contracting services: Three (3) spaces for every one
thousand (1,000) square feet of gross floor area, plus one (1) space
for every vehicle used in operation of business or stored upon the
property.
D. Offices.
1.
General offices: Three (3) parking spaces per one thousand (1,000)
square feet of gross floor area for business, professional, governmental
or institutional offices, excluding medical or dental offices.
2.
Medical or dental offices or clinics: One (1) parking space
per two hundred fifty (250) square feet of gross floor area.
E. Community Service Uses And Places Of Assembly.
1.
General, places of assembly: Auditoriums, convention halls,
banquet facilities, dance halls, exhibition halls, and other similar
places of assembly, including churches, shall provide at least one
(1) parking space per four (4) seats [one (1) seat equals two (2)
feet of bench length] of the assembly or meeting space, or one (1)
space for every fifty (50) square feet of gross floor area when there
is no fixed seating.
2.
Universities, colleges, academies and similar institutions of
higher learning: One (1) parking space for every four (4) seats [one
(1) seat equals two (2) feet of bench length] occupied at maximum
capacity in combination of any classroom, assembly hall, auditorium,
stadium and/or gymnasium on the campus, or one (1) space for every
fifty (50) square feet of gross floor area where there is no fixed
seating.
3.
Public or private primary and secondary schools:
a.
One (1) parking space for each classroom and teaching station
for a primary/elementary/middle school.
b.
Two (2) parking spaces for each classroom and teaching station
in a high school.
4.
Vocational or business schools: Two parking spaces for every
classroom and teaching station.
F. Miscellaneous Uses.
1.
Libraries, museums, galleries: Five (5) parking spaces for every
one thousand (1,000) square feet of gross floor area.
2.
Storage warehouses: Two (2) parking spaces for every one thousand
(1,000) square feet of gross floor area. Does not include office requirements.
3.
Hospitals: One (1) parking space for every two hundred (200)
square feet of gross floor area.
G. Other Uses. The Zoning Administrator shall determine to which of
the preceding categories of parking regulations any unlisted use belongs.
H. Shared Parking.
1.
Notwithstanding the parking requirements set out in Article
VI of this Chapter, the number of required parking spaces may be reduced if a developer demonstrates that the proposed use is designed and located so that shared parking within the proposed development or within adjacent development meets the minimum standards of this Section.
2.
Calculation Of Shared Parking. The number of required parking
spaces for a proposed development to be used on a shared basis shall
be calculated in accordance with the methodologies as established
in the Urban Land Institute (ULI) study entitled "Shared Parking."
The calculation basis is generally set forth as follows (but should
not be considered all-inclusive or as a substitute for the ULI methodologies):
a.
The square footage of each land use in the proposed shared parking
development shall be identified, together with a description of anticipated
hours of operation of each use.
b.
The peak parking demand for each land use in the proposed shared
parking development shall be calculated on the basis of seasonally
adjusted peak demand with a reduction for:
(1) Alternative mode factor based on existing or projected
community transportation mode use conditions; and
(2) Captive market adjustment, if data is available
on which to estimate the captive market factor.
(3) Peak parking demand shall be employed to establish
hourly accumulation curves for the proposed shared parking development.
(4) The hourly accumulation curves shall be cumulated
to establish the overall required parking spaces for the proposed
shared parking development.
[Ord. No. 4238 §2(501.5), 10-3-1988]
A. General. Adequate space shall be provided to accommodate
the loading and unloading of trucks, tractors and trailers servicing
any commercial or industrial, or any large scale residential or institutional
use. The standards required for the provisions of such spaces are
described herein.
B. Area Of Loading Berths Or Space. A required off-street loading
berth or space shall be at least twelve (12) feet in width and at
least fifty (50) feet in length, exclusive of aisle and maneuver space,
and shall have a vertical clearance of at least fourteen (14) feet.
C. Access To Loading Areas. Each required off-street loading
space or berth shall be afforded appropriate means of vehicular access
to a street, highway or alley in a manner which will least interfere
with traffic movement.
D. Surfacing. All open, off-street loading shall be improved
to a standard approved by the City Engineer or his/her designee.
E. Screening. All loading berths or spaces and truck circulation
which abut or are adjacent to a residential district shall be set
back at least fifty (50) feet therefrom unless it is completely screened
therefrom by building walls or a uniformly painted, solid fence, wall
or landscaping, or any combination thereof, not less than eight (8)
feet in height and set back at least fifteen (15) feet therefrom.
F. Schedule Of Off-Street Loading Spaces.
1. Offices and personal or community service establishments: One (1) loading space shall be provided for each such use, including
schools, medical or dental clinics, auditoriums or clubs, etc., having
greater than six thousand (6,000) square feet of gross floor area.
2. Residential or housing uses: Any building or project
containing more than fifty (50) apartment dwelling units shall provide
one (1) loading berth for each two hundred (200) units or fraction
thereof.
3. Business or commercial uses: Every building or use
of land consisting of over three thousand (3,000) square feet of gross
floor area designed or adaptable for retail business purposes, or
warehouse, wholesale or manufacturing use shall be provided with loading
space as follows:
|
Total gross floor area
|
Number of loading spaces required
|
---|
|
Up to 15,000 square feet
|
1 space
|
|
15,000 to 50,000 square feet
|
2 spaces
|
|
50,000 to 100,000 square feet
|
3 spaces
|
|
Each additional 100,000 square feet
|
1 additional space
|
4. Other similar uses: The Zoning Administrator shall
determine to which of the above categories of loading regulation any
specific use, including designated conditional use permit uses, shall
belong.
[Ord. No. 4238 §2(501.6), 10-3-1988]
A. Site And Landscape Plans. Prior to the issuance of any building
permits for the construction or improvement of a parking or loading
area subject to this Article, a suitable plan shall be submitted to
the Planning and Zoning Commission indicating the landscaping as well
as the parking layout, proposed drainage on the premises, proposed
lighting on the premises, and all driveways extending beyond the property
line into the public right-of-way. The landscaping plan shall be prepared
by an architect or landscape architect and shall meet with the approval
of the Planning and Zoning Commission which shall review the proposed
parking area and its landscaping to ascertain that the plan will promote
and facilitate the objectives of this Article. Any deviation from
the approved plan shall constitute a violation of this Chapter. Plans
shall be drawn to an accurate scale and shall show the layout of the
lot entrances and exits, drainage provisions, lighting provisions,
surfacing, curb barriers, and location and type of landscaping, including
by name and size the types of trees, hedges, shrubs and plants to
be used.
B. Building Permits. Any application for a building permit for the construction of a parking, loading or any other paving facility shall be accompanied by a site and landscape plan approved by the Planning and Zoning Commission. Such application shall be accompanied also by detailed construction plans and specifications of planned improvements and a statement regarding the proposed methods of maintenance and operations. Persons having existing parking facilities which are not in compliance with this Chapter shall be required to comply with the landscaping provisions in this Article to the extent practicable and provided that existing spaces are not reduced below the requirements of Sections
405.330 and
405.340.
C. Surety Bond Or Insurance. Any person operating a parking
facility shall, as may be required by the City Council, either:
1. File with the City a bond in such form as may be prescribed by the
City Attorney and in an amount as may be required by the City Council,
which shall be surety for any judgment for damages rendered against
the operator or owner of the parking facility resulting to person
or property, when incurred while using the parking facility; or
2. Carry public liability and property damage insurance in the amount
of one hundred thousand dollars ($100,000.00) to any such person injured
in any one (1) accident and three hundred thousand dollars ($300,000.00)
property damage.