A.
General. These construction standards shall govern
all construction indicated in final submission of subdivisions and
site plans with the town, both on private land and on public land.
Construction not covered by these standards shall be in accordance
with recognized good practice such as that contained in the State
of New York's Department of Transportation Specifications or recommendations
of manufacturers' associations. All such methods not covered by these
standards require approval of the town before construction begins.
B.
Maintenance and protection of traffic. The owner shall maintain traffic and protect the public from damage to person and property while construction is being performed in any public right-of-way or any private street. Travel shall be maintained over a reasonably smooth traveled way which shall be marked as necessary for the type of street so that a person who has no knowledge of conditions can safely and with a minimum of discomfort and inconvenience, drive or walk over all or any portion of the street. The town shall determine whether one-way or two-way traffic shall be maintained. See § 86-17B for related information concerning excavation.
C.
Clean up and repair.
(1)
The owner shall clean up all debris or materials left
as a result of his work and completely repair damage caused by him
to any public or private property, including any existing street he
may have used. Resetting of surveying points and reseeding roadside
areas are included in repairs required.
(2)
This cleanup shall include regular removal of mud
and dirt from existing town roads adjoining the owners project or
over which the owner's construction traffic travels on a regular basis.
Cleanup shall be as required by construction activity, but may be
required at the end of each day as conditions warrant.
D.
Restoration of paved street surfaces. All utilities
within street rights-of-way shall be installed before streets are
paved. However, repairs or reconstruction after paving may require
pavement restoration which shall be accomplished as follows:
(1)
Backfilling shall be as required for backfill within
a street right-of-way. The edge of the pavement shall be cut evenly
with a chisel or saw at least one foot beyond the edge of the excavation.
Base material and paving equal in thickness and quality to that of
the original paving shall be constructed in accordance with the standards
for pavement construction. The joint between original pavement and
the patch shall be sealed with a crack sealer approved by the town.
(2)
Additionally, construction within existing town road
rights-of-way will require a permit for construction from the Town
Highway Department. It will be the responsibility of the owner to
comply with all conditions and restrictions set forth in said permit.
E.
Land for public usage.
(1)
Land which the owner has offered for cession to the
town for recreation or open space purposes shall be cleared of all
debris, construction shanties or materials belonging to the owner.
Earth disturbed by the owner's operations shall be graded and restored
to a neat and acceptable condition. This land shall not be used as
a dump site.
(2)
On Class A type land, the owner shall also clear all
dead trees. On Class B type land the owner shall remove all situations
which constitute a public hazard or nuisance as determined by the
town or as recommended by the Office of Community Affairs. All embankments
and slopes shall be stabilized, including soil conservation measures,
prior to cession of the land. The amount of clearing, grubbing, grading,
slopes stabilization and soil conservation measures should be included
in the bond or letter of credit as authorized by the town or the Director
of Planning.
F.
Construction modifications in field. The town may
require construction of a type not contemplated at the time of final
review, provided that such requirements are for a higher type of construction.
This is to allow for proper construction to meet conditions not known
at the time of final review. Such construction changes shall be shown
on as-built drawings.
A.
General. Roadway construction materials which meet
State of New York's Department of Transportation Specifications shall
generally be approved for construction. Other materials may be approved
by the town to be used instead of items from the Department of Transportation's
specifications. All roadway construction shall be controlled by stakes
for grade and alignment.
B.
Subgrade preparation.
(1)
All trees, brush, topsoil, stumps, roots more than
1/2 inch in diameter and rubbish shall be removed from the area of
the roadway. Boulders shall be removed to a depth of one foot below
the subgrade surface.
(2)
Muck, spongy material or other unsuitable material
shall be completely removed and the excavation filled with suitable
material.
(3)
The subgrade shall be compacted to 95% standard proctor
(ASTM D 698). The final compacted surface shall not be more than 1/2
inch higher than design subgrade in any location and shall be generally
the same cross-sectional shape as the final design grade. It shall
also be proof-rolled prior to placement of subbase material.
[Amended 4-6-1998 by L.L. No. 2-1998]
C.
Embankment.
(1)
No organic material, frozen material or other unsuitable
material shall be used in embankments. The compacted embankment shall
have a minimum dry density of 95% of the maximum density. The maximum
density shall mean the maximum dry weight density as determined by
the AASHO Designation T-99, Method C.
(2)
[1]Embankments shall be placed and rolled in layers of maximum eight-inch depth, measured before compaction. The embankment subgrade shall be prepared as required under § 86-13B, Subgrade preparation.
[1]
Editor's Note: Former Subsection C(2), pertaining
to stabilization of slopes, was repealed 4-6-1998 by L.L. No. 2-1998.
This local law also redesignated former Subsection C(3) as C(2).
D.
Base construction. Materials and construction methods
for pavement base course shall conform to Section 304 of the New York
State Department of Transportation Specifications, January 1978 (NOTE:
Revised Addenda No. 2, adopted March 1980).
E.
Surface construction. In general and as stated in
previous sections, the asphalt top course shall be constructed by
the Town of Clifton Park in accordance with the following specifications.
Materials and construction methods for the binder course and wearing
course shall conform to Section 403 of the New York State Department
of Transportation. Pavement thickness shall be at least 3 1/2
inches, after compaction. It shall be placed in two courses, the first,
a binder course three inches thick and, secondly, a wearing course
one inch thick (NOTE: Revised Addenda No. 1, adopted April 22, 1974).
[Amended 4-6-1998 by L.L. No. 2-1998]
H.
Underdrains. Materials and construction methods for
underdrain filters shall conform to the requirements of Section 605
- Underdrain, New York State Department of Transportation Specifications.
Pipe used shall be perforated ADS or approved equal. The underdrain
filter material shall be wrapped on all sides with underdrain filter
fabric, Propex 4545 or an approved equal.
General.
A.
The construction of storm drainage facilities shall
be controlled by these standards and all other applicable town standards.
B.
All catch basin frames shall be set or adjusted to
be level with road grades. All grates shall be bicycle safe. All pipe
ends daylighted to grade shall have end sections with riprap aprons.
[Amended 4-6-1998 by L.L. No. 2-1998[1]]
[1]
Editor's Note: This local law also repealed
former Subsection B, concerning corrugated metal pipe, and relettered
former Subsections C through E as B through D, respectively.
C.
Appropriate erosion control methods shall be utilized
to avoid siltation of the storm system prior to establishment of lawns.
E.
Temporary erosion and sediment control measures shall
be constructed prior to beginning any other land disturbances.
[Added 4-6-1998 by L.L. No. 2-1998]
F.
Except as noted below, stabilization measures shall
be initiated as soon as practicable in portions of the site where
soil disturbance activities have temporarily or permanently ceased
but in no case more than 21 days after soil disturbance activity in
that portion of the site has ceased.
[Added 4-6-1998 by L.L. No. 2-1998]
G.
Where soil disturbance or construction activity will
resume on a portion of the site within 21 days from when activities
ceased, then stabilization measures do not have to be initiated on
that portion of the site until activities will cease for more than
21 days.
[Added 4-6-1998 by L.L. No. 2-1998]
H.
Water quality controls. Soil disturbance and construction
activities shall adhere to the following minimum requirements relative
to waterbodies (i.e., surface waters, including rivers, streams and
other drainage channels, lakes, reservoirs and wetlands):
[Added 4-6-1998 by L.L. No. 2-1998]
(1)
There shall be no increase in turbidity that will
cause a substantial visible contrast to natural conditions.
(2)
There shall be no suspended colloidal and settleable
solids that will cause deposition or impair the waters for their best
usages.
(3)
There shall be no residue from oil and floating substances,
visible oil film, globules or grease.
B.
Maintaining existing services. The owner shall maintain
full service in the existing sewer system continuously. No discharge
of sewage to a point outside the system shall be permitted at any
time.
C.
House service. A Y-branch and house service extending
to the edge of the right-of-way or beyond at a minimum grade of 1.0%
shall be installed for each lot. A hardwood stake extending from the
sewer to the ground surface shall be installed at the end of each
house service before backfilling. The end of the house service shall
be sealed with an approved stopper manufactured for the purpose and
the stopper shall be wedged in place with stone or masonry before
backfilling. The house service shall eventually be connected to the
building it serves before the town approves the building construction.
The house service shall be a minimum of 10 feet from any water service
(horizontal). No house shall be connected to any building until all
testing is completed.
D.
Tests.
(1)
It is the intention of these construction standards
to secure a system with a minimum of infiltration.
(2)
To check the amount of infiltration, the town shall
require infiltration, exfiltration tests or low-pressure air tests,
depending upon the existing site condition.
(3)
These tests must be completed before house services
are connected to the system.
(4)
Infiltration tests. Infiltration testing is an acceptable
leakage test only when the ground water level is suitably higher than
the pipe. The owner shall furnish and maintain a V-notch sharp crested
weir in a wood frame tightly secured in the sewer system at the locations
directed by the town. The maximum allowable infiltration shall be
50 gallons per mile, per inch of diameter of sewer main, per twenty-four-hour
day at any time. The period of testing shall be a minimum of one hour.
(5)
Exfiltration tests.
(a)
Exfiltration testing is an acceptable leakage
test only in dry areas or when the groundwater level is suitably low.
The owner shall furnish and maintain the necessary plugs, stoppers,
water supply and measuring devices at locations required by the town.
All openings in the section of the system to be tested shall be securely
stopped and the section filled with water to provide a minimum of
two feet of head over all sewers in the section or two feet higher
than the groundwater level, whichever is higher.
(b)
After filling, the system shall be allowed to
stand a minimum of 12 hours before conducting the tests. The maximum
allowable exfiltration shall be 50 gallons per mile, per inch diameter
of the sewer, per twenty-four-hour day at any time. The maximum internal
pressure at the lowest point may not exceed 25 feet of water.
(6)
Low-pressure air tests.
(a)
The owner shall furnish and maintain the necessary
plugs, fittings, gauges and pumping system at locations directed by
the town. The duration of the testing shall be determined by the Town
Engineer from Table 4.3.1,[1] taken from UNI-BELL recommended practice for low pressure
air testing of installed sewer pipe. The prescribed pressure drop
shall not exceed 0.5 pounds per square inch from 3.5 pounds per square
inch to 3.0 pounds per square inch in excess of the groundwater pressure
above the top of the pipe.
[1]
Editor's Note: Table 4.3.1 is on file in the
office of the Town Clerk and may be examined there during regular
office hours.
(b)
General. Any section of the sewer system that
shows leakage in excess of the allowable limits shall be repaired
by means satisfactory to the town. When the system has been demonstrated
to be within allowable limits, the owner shall remove all plugs, stoppers
and weirs.
(7)
Deflection tests.
(a)
Sewers must be straight between manholes and
shall be tested for straightness by flashing a light from manhole
to manhole, lamping or by other suitable means. Sections found to
be unacceptable shall be subject to further deflection testing by
means of pulling an appropriately sized mandrel through the pipe.
The Town Engineer may also require this type of deflection testing
where construction encountered unstable trench walls or bottoms, heavy
rainfall, frozen soil, high groundwater levels, deep lines or improper
compaction.
(b)
The owner shall furnish and maintain the appropriate
size mandrel for the pipe size being tested, as determined from Table
4.3.2 based on 7 1/2% allowable deflection. All necessary rope,
fittings and labor shall also be the owner's responsibility. Any sections
found to be unacceptable will be repaired or replaced to meet town
standards.
Table 4.3.2
| |
Specified Mandrel Size For Pipe Diameter
Indicated
|
Pipe Diameter
(inches)
|
Mandrel O.D.
(inches)
| |
6
|
5.31
| |
8
|
7.09
| |
10
|
8.85
| |
12
|
10.51
| |
15
|
12.86
| |
18
|
15.70
| |
21
|
18.50
| |
24
|
20.80
| |
27
|
23.43
|
A.
General.
(1)
All components shall be of approved, unused materials.
Manufacturer's recommended procedures shall be employed. The Clifton
Park Water Authority Standard Specifications shall apply to all construction
within the Clifton Park Water Authority Service Area.
[Amended 4-6-1998 by L.L. No. 2-1998]
B.
Water mains.
(1)
The full length of each section of pipe shall rest
solidly upon the pipe bed, with adequate recesses excavated for the
bells and joints. The interior of all pipes shall be thoroughly cleaned
of all foreign matter before being placed in the trench and shall
be kept clean during the laying operations by means of plugs or other
approved methods.
(2)
The pipe shall not be laid in water or when trench
conditions are unsuitable for the work, except by permission of the
Engineer. Water shall be kept out of the trench until the joints have
been completed. When work is not in progress, open ends of the pipes
shall be securely closed so that no trench water, earth or other substances
will enter the pipes or fittings.
(3)
Any section of pipe found to be defective before or
after laying shall be replaced with new pipe.
(4)
Lines shall be installed with a minimum of five feet
of cover.
(5)
Handling; cutting; placing and laying.
(a)
Handling. Pipe and accessories shall be handled
in such a manner as to ensure delivery on the work site in sound,
undamaged condition. Particular care shall be taken not to injure
pipe coating. Rope or canvas slings shall be used in unloading, loading
and installation of pipe which cannot be placed by hand. The use of
chains or tongs shall not be permitted. All surface areas of coated
pipe that are damaged shall be recoated with hot bituminous material
equal to that used to factory coat the pipe.
(b)
Cutting. Cutting of pipe shall be done in a
neat and workmanlike manner without damage to the pipe or pipe lining.
Unless otherwise authorized by town, all pipe cutting shall be done
by means of an approved type of mechanical cutter. Wheel-type cutters
shall be used when practicable.
(c)
Placing and laying. Before being lowered into
the trench, all sections of pipe shall be inspected for defects and
tapped with a light hammer to detect cracks. Defective, damaged or
unsound pipe shall be rejected.
(d)
Deflections from a straight line or grade, as
required by vertical curves, horizontal curves or offsets, shall not
exceed that recommended by the appropriate specifications or if not
specified, then by the manufacturer's recommendations. If the alignment
requires deflections in excess of these limitations, the owner shall
provide special bends or a sufficient number of shorter lengths to
provide angular deflections within the limit set forth.
(e)
Before jointing, all lumps, blisters, excess
coating material, oil and grease that will interfere with proper jointing
shall be removed from the ends of all pipes.
[1]
Mechanical joints. Mechanical joints shall be
made in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations. Rubber
gaskets shall be used. Torque wrenches, calibrated in accordance with
the manufacturer's instructions, shall be used on the joint assembly.
[2]
Slip-type joints. Slip-type joints shall be
made in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations.
(f)
Anchoring. All tee connections, bends and lead
ends shall be securely anchored in place by means of tie-rods and
pipe clamps or concrete thrust blocks resting against undisturbed
soil.
(g)
Testing. After the installation of the water
distribution system, or sections thereof, the waterlines shall be
filled and all air blown off. The system or parts thereof shall then
be subjected to hydrostatic test. All testing shall be performed in
the presence of the town and shall be under the town's supervision.
Hydrostatic test and leakage allowances shall conform to AWWA C600
Section 4. If any section of the distribution system shows a leakage
greater than specified, the leaks shall be located and repaired until
the leakage is within the specified limits.
(h)
Disinfection. Mains shall be disinfected in
accordance with AWWA C601 after house services have been installed
from the corporation stop to the curb stop but prior to the issuance
of a certificate of occupancy. Water containing not more than 50 parts
per million of free available chlorine shall be allowed to stand in
all lines and systems for at least 24 hours, after which time there
shall be at least 25 parts per million residual chlorine remaining
in the water. All new valves and hydrants shall be operated while
the lines are filled with heavily chlorinated water. Following chlorination
to the satisfaction of the town, all disinfecting water shall be flushed
from the lines until the chlorine residual does not exceed 1.0 part
per million. When all lines have been flushed clean to the Town Engineer's
satisfaction, the owner or his representative shall collect samples
of the water at locations directed by the Town Engineer and under
his supervision. The samples shall be sent to an approved testing
laboratory for bacteria analysis, and two copies of the test results
shall be sent to the town. The owner shall bear all costs for such
sampling and testing. Certificates of occupancy may not be issued
until chlorination results are satisfactory. Following disinfecting
of water mains with heavily chlorinated water, flushing of the mains
shall be in accordance with AWWA C651-92 and the Clifton Park Water
Authority Standard Specifications.
[Amended 4-6-1998 by L.L. No. 2-1998]
C.
Valves.
(1)
Valves shall be set with the stems vertical. After
valves have been installed and adjusted, they shall be tested for
operation under maximum operating pressure, shall be watertight and
shall operate easily.
(2)
Valve boxes shall be installed so that covers are
flush with the finished ground surface. Boxes shall be set vertical
and centered over the valve.
(3)
All valves shall be shown on the as-built drawings.
(4)
A valve record card shall be completed for each valve
installed. The card shall be furnished by the town and shall be returned
to the town when completely filled out.
D.
Hydrants.
(1)
Each hydrant shall be set vertical and shall be anchored
as indicated on the standard detail. Hydrants shall be set so that
the distance between the finished grade line and the hose connections
is between the limits indicated on the standard detail.
(2)
That portion of each hydrant below the finished grade
shall be given a coat of hot bituminous material prior to installation.
This coating shall be equal to that used for coating of cast-iron
fittings and waterlines.
(3)
A hydrant record card shall be completed for each
hydrant installed. The card shall be furnished by the town and shall
be returned to the town when completely filled out.
(4)
The owner shall perform, under the supervision of
the town, fire flow tests in accordance with the Guide for Determination
of Required Fire Flow, published by Municipal Survey Service, Insurance
Services Office.
E.
Services.
(1)
All service taps shall be made with service clamp
installed unless factory installed. The corporation stop shall be
inserted as recommended by the manufacturer for the type of pipe installed.
(2)
The service shall be installed in accordance with
backfilling requirements of these standards and in accordance with
standard details.
A.
A permit issued by the Department of Building and
Development is required for construction of any utility pipeline outside
of an approved subdivision within the town. All pipeline construction
including appurtenances must be inspected by the Department prior
to backfilling.
B.
All labor, materials, equipment, tools and services
required for the furnishing and installation of any type of pipe shall
conform to the following specifications.
(1)
Pipe.
(a)
All pipe shall be installed in the sizes and
to the lines and grades shown on the approved subdivision drawings.
The type and specifications of pipe to be furnished and installed
in each location shall be as designated on the subdivision drawings.
Pipe shall be new pipe and shall be rejected if found not to meet
the minimum requirements set by the town.
(b)
All pipelines and appurtenances of whatever
type or description shall be constructed in an approved manner to
the complete satisfaction of the town.
(c)
Where lift holes are provided in concrete pipe,
they shall be filled with a stiff mortar mix after the pipe is installed
in the trench.
(d)
The owner, at his own expense, at all times
during the progress of the work, shall keep the trenches and excavations
free from water. Water from trenches and excavations shall be disposed
of in such a manner as will neither cause injury to the public health
nor to the surface of streets nor cause any interference with the
use of public rights-of-way. Water shall not be allowed to flow away
through newly laid sewers.
(e)
All pipe shall be installed to the limits of
the approved subdivision section and shall terminate in a manhole,
catch basin, hydrant or blowoff, as appropriate. Stubs shall be installed
in manholes and catch basins to provide for future extension of pipelines.
(2)
Excavation general.
(a)
Necessary arrangements shall be made by the
owner with all persons, firms or corporations owning or using any
poles, pipes, tracks or conduits, etc., affected by his construction
to maintain and protect such facilities during construction. In the
event that any existing gas pipes, water pipes, conduits, sewers,
tile drains or poles are blocked or interfered with by the excavation
required on his project, the owner shall maintain them in continuous
operation and restore them to the same condition as they were prior
to the start of construction.
(b)
Sidewalks and pavements must be in no case blocked
or obstructed by excavated material except with the approval of the
town and then only when adequate provisions have been made for a satisfactory
temporary passage of pedestrians and vehicles. Adequate bridging and
planked crossings must be provided and maintained across all open
trenches for pedestrians and vehicles when so ordered by the town.
Barriers, lights, flares and watchmen shall be provided and maintained
by the owner at all trenches, excavations and embankments as required
by the town.
(c)
The excavating of the trench shall not advance
more than 200 feet ahead of the completed masonry or pipe work except
where it is necessary to drain wet ground. The width of trenches in
which pipe is to be installed shall be such as to provide adequate
space for workmen to place and joint the pipe properly and shall be
generally the outside pipe diameter, plus three feet.
(d)
The owner shall furnish, put in place and maintain
such sheeting and bracing as may be required to support properly the
sides and ends of excavations and to prevent injury to the structure
built or to persons or property.
(e)
If at any time the town so orders, the owner
shall install such additional sheeting and bracing as may be required
by the State of New York, Department of Labor, by adverse soil conditions
or by the town, but compliance with such orders or failure on the
part of the town to exercise its right to give such order shall in
no way release the owner from liability for damage caused by weak
or insufficient sheeting nor from his responsibility to protect the
work and adjacent property. Voids appearing outside the sheeting shall
be immediately and compactly filled with suitable material and to
the satisfaction of the town.
(f)
All sheeting and bracing shall be in accordance
with the Industrial Code Rule No. 23 of the State of New York, Department
of Labor, Board of Standards and Appeals.
(g)
Trench bottoms shall be excavated to conform
to the type of bedding specified for the project.
(h)
Where excavations are opened and, in the opinion
of the town, the materials in place are not adequate for structural
stability of the completed work, the town may order the owner to carry
the excavation to an additional depth and furnish and place concrete
cradles, sand or gravel refill and/or timber and piling foundations.
(i)
The owner is responsible to call U.F.P.O. (1-800-962-7962)
48 hours prior to digging, drilling or blasting to ascertain all available
information on subsurface structures and utilities.
(3)
Rock excavation.
(a)
Excavation and trenches in rock shall be carried
below the pipe bottom to a depth of 1/4 the diameter of the pipe,
but in no case less than six inches below the pipe bottom, and shall
be made by any acceptable method, including use of explosives.
(b)
Where blasting is necessary, it shall be done
by men experienced in such work. All blasts shall be well covered
and provisions made to protect pipes, conduits, sewers, structures,
persons and property adjacent to the site of the work. Prior to the
blast, all persons in the vicinity shall be given ample warning. Blasting
will not be permitted between the hours of 6:30 p.m. and 6:30 a.m.,
except with special permission, nor within 25 feet of the completed
work.
(c)
All handling and use of explosives shall be
in accordance with Industrial Code Rules Nos. 23 and 30 of the New
York Department of Labor, Board of Standards and Appeals and Article
16 of the New York State Labor Law.
(d)
The owner shall secure all permits required
by law for blasting operations and any additional hazard insurance
required.
(4)
Lines and grades. Gravity pipe shall be laid with
a laser to assure compliance with approved lines and grades, except
house laterals, which may be laid to grade with a surveyor's transit,
level or other appropriate surveying instrument.
(5)
Bedding. The class of bedding to be used shall be
as specified in the final submission drawings. There shall be excavation
for bells and flanges in all classes of bedding. Beddings for pipe
shall conform to one or more of the following:
(a)
First-class bedding.
[1]
First-class bedding is that method of laying
pipe in which the pipe is carefully bedded in compacted granular materials
placed on a flat trench bottom. The granular material shall be crushed
stone, pea gravel or sand, and maximum particle size shall be 3/4
inch. The depth of the granular bedding below the bottom of the pipe
shall be 1/4 the outside pipe diameter or six inches, whichever is
greater, and shall extend to a point 12 inches over the top of the
pipe. If mechanically tamped, material may be placed in six-inch layers
or three-inch layers if tamped by hand. All materials up to 12 inches
over the top of the pipe shall be placed by hand.
[2]
Where crushed stone bedding is used in wet material
or when the pipeline is below the groundwater table, the bedding shall
be graded to daylight to a catchbasin or drainage course as directed
by the Engineer.
(b)
Concrete cradle bedding.
[1]
Concrete cradle bedding is that method of bedding
pipe in which the lower part of the pipe exterior is bedded in plain
or reinforced concrete of 2,500 pounds per square inch or greater,
having a minimum thickness under the pipe of 1/4 the nominal inside
diameter and extending up the sides of the pipe for a height equal
to 1/4 of the outside diameter.
[2]
The cradle shall have a width at least equal to the outside diameter of the barrel of the pipe, plus eight inches, and it shall be constructed monolithically without horizontal construction joints. The remainder of the bedding to a point four inches over the top of the pipe shall conform to § 86-17B(6)(a), First Class Bedding.
(c)
Concrete encasement. Concrete encasement is
that method of bedding pipe in which the entire pipe is jacketed by
plain or reinforced concrete having a compressive strength of 2,500
pounds per square inch or greater. The encasement width and height
shall be at least equal to the outside diameter of the barrel of the
pipe, plus eight inches, or as shown on the approved subdivision drawings.
Normally stronger pipe should be used with concrete cradle or encasement
being permitted only in unusual cases.
(6)
Pipe laying.
(a)
Pipe shall be protected during handling against
impact shocks and free fall. Pipe shall be kept clean at all times.
(b)
The laying of pipe in prepared trenches shall
be commenced at the lowest point with the spigot ends pointing in
the direction of flow.
(c)
All pipe shall be laid with ends abutting and
true to line and grade. They shall be carefully centered, so that
when laid they will form a uniform invert.
(d)
Preparatory to making pipe joints, all surfaces
of the portions of the pipe to be jointed or of the factory-made jointing
material shall be clean and dry. Lubricants, primers, adhesives, etc.,
shall be used as recommended by the pipe or joint manufacturer. The
jointing materials or factory fabricated joints shall then be placed,
fitted, joined and adjusted in such a workmanlike manner as to obtain
the degree of watertightness required.
(e)
Trenches shall be kept water-free and as dry
as possible during bedding, laying and jointing and for as long a
period as required. As soon as possible after the joint is made, sufficient
backfill material shall be placed along each side of the pipe to offset
conditions that might tend to move the pipe off line and grade.
(f)
All ends of pipe runs shall be capped with standard
stoppers or with a fitting provided with an approved joint. If stoppers
are used, they must be wedged in place with boulders or masonry blocks.
Large lines may be bricked off at the ends or otherwise sealed in
a manner approved by the Engineer.
(7)
Backfilling.
(b)
No frozen material or debris (i.e., tree stumps,
excess blacktop, construction debris, etc.) shall be used for backfill.
(c)
When backfilling in open-cut across or within
the right-of-way limits of any street, road, highway or railroad,
the remainder of the backfill shall be select granular material or
run-of-trench material proved to meet that specification. Backfill
shall be placed along the sides of the pipe in six-inch lifts and
compacted by hand to 12 inches over the top of the pipe. The entire
trench shall be compacted by mechanical means. Placing of backfill
shall continue in twelve-inch lifts, each lift being compacted by
mechanical means until subgrade elevation is reached.
(d)
When backfilling in unpaved areas outside the
right-of-way, the excavated material may be used to complete the backfilling,
provided that all deleterious contents, if any, are removed as directed
by the town. The backfill shall be rounded off over the trench not
higher than eight inches. Materials shall be compacted in layers not
more than two feet thick by approved mechanical means.
(e)
No pipe shall be covered before permission is
given by the town. The town may require any pipe covered without adequate
notification be uncovered for inspection at the owner's expense.
(f)
Under no circumstances shall water be permitted
to rise in trenches before they are backfilled.
(g)
Backfilling shall be completed to a point two
feet above the top of all pipe laid each day. Operations shall be
scheduled so that the trench is completely backfilled to within 200
feet of the end of the completed, installed sewer at the end of each
day.
(h)
Whenever timber sheeting is driven to a depth
below the elevation of the top of the pipe, that portion of the sheeting
below the elevation of the top of the pipe shall not be disturbed
or removed. Whenever timber sheeting is driven for the protection
of trench walls in water-bearing soil, no portion of such sheeting
below a level four feet over the top of the pipe shall be removed.
(8)
Tunnels. Methods of excavation support and backfill
in tunnels made beneath existing structures, railroads, pavements
and sidewalks for the installation of pipe or conduits shall be subjected
to approval of the town before work is begun.
(9)
Jacking and boring. Methods of jacking or boring to
install pipe shall be approved by the town before such work is started.
(10)
Manholes and catch basins.
(a)
All manholes and catch basins shall be precast
concrete construction (Fort Miller or equal). Sanitary manholes shall
utilize press wedge fittings. All connections shall be made per manufacturer's
specifications.
(b)
All manhole joints between sections shall utilize
butyl rope joint sealer or an approved equal.
(c)
Precast concrete rings shall be laid with full
mortar joints.
(d)
Mortar shall consist of one part portland cement
and two parts clean torpedo sand with 10% hydrated lime added.
(e)
Pipe placed through manhole or catch basin sidewalls
and stubs installed for future extensions shall extend through the
walls a sufficient distance to allow connection on the outside. Such
pipes shall be struck smooth on the inside in line with the inside
wall of the manhole. The manhole or catchbasin masonry shall be carefully
constructed around all pipes so as to prevent leakage along the outer
surfaces.
(f)
Frame castings shall be set in full mortar beds
on top of masonry. Frames shall be set to the same grade as the roadway.
(g)
The top four to 12 inches of the manhole or
catch basins directly under the casting shall be constructed of precast
concrete grade rings to provide for adjustment to grade and future
construction. Field cutting of precast manhole or catchbasin sections
shall not be allowed for grade adjustment.
(11)
Connections.
(a)
Connections of new lines to existing lines when
encountered in construction and not shown on the subdivision drawings
shall be made where ordered by the town. Such connections shall be
made within a manhole or catch basin, in the case of sewers or storm
drains, except for house sewer and drain connections. In all such
cases; the existing line shall be located prior to laying any new
pipe to ensure proper alignment and straight continuation of existing
lines.
A.
General. Concrete used in any type of construction
shall meet the strength and durability requirements of these standards
as determined by testing procedures specified herein. Materials used
shall meet the requirements of these standards and shall be approved
by the Board for the intended use.
B.
Materials.
(1)
Cement. Cement shall be one of the types approved
by the Board and the type selected shall be the proper one for its
intended use.
(2)
Aggregate.
(a)
Aggregates shall be approved by the Board. Aggregates
failing to meet these requirements but producing concrete of the required
quality as shown by special tests or actual service may be used with
the permission of the Board.
(b)
The maximum size of the aggregate shall be 1/5
of the narrowest dimension between the sides of the forms within which
the concrete is to be cast and 3/4 of the minimum clear spacing between
reinforcing bars or between forms and reinforcing bars. For unreinforced
slabs, the maximum size of aggregate shall be 1/3 the slab thickness.
(3)
Mixing water. Water used in mixing concrete shall
be clean and free from injurious amounts of oils, acids, alkalies,
organic materials, salts or other substances that may be deleterious
to concrete or steel.
C.
Quality of concrete.
(1)
Class of concrete. Concrete installed in various structures
or units shall be one of the three classes defined in the following
paragraphs. The class to be installed shall be as specified in the
subdivision final approval.
(2)
Water-cement ratio.
(a)
All concrete shall be proportioned on the basis
of water-cement ratio which is defined as the ratio of the total quantity
of water in the mixture, including the surface water carried by the
aggregate, to the quantity of cement. The ratio is expressed in United
States gallons, 8 1/3 pounds to the gallon, per ninety-four-pound
sack of cement.
(b)
Concrete that is subject to freezing temperatures
while wet shall have a water-cement ratio not exceeding six gallons
per bag and shall contain entrained air.
(3)
Concrete proportions and consistency.
(a)
The proportions of the concrete shall produce
a mixture that will work readily, with the placement method used,
into the corners and angles of the forms and around reinforcement.
Neither segregation of materials in the mixture nor the collection
of excess free water on the surface shall be permitted.
(b)
The slump of concrete shall be the minimum that
is practicable. When vibrators are used to consolidate the concrete,
the slump shall not exceed four inches, otherwise the slump shall
not exceed six inches.
(c)
The methods of measuring the concrete materials
shall be such that the proportions can be accurately controlled and
easily checked. Measurement of materials for ready-mixed concrete
shall conform to Specifications for Ready-Mixed Concrete (ASTM C94).
D.
Tests on concrete.
(1)
Sampling. As the work progresses, concrete shall be
sampled in accordance with the American Society for Testing and Material's
Method of Sampling Fresh Concrete (ASTM C172).
(2)
Slump test. Slump tests shall be made according to
the American Society for Testing and Material's Method of Test for
Slump of Portland Cement Concrete (ASTM C143).
(3)
Compression test.
(a)
Compression test specimens shall be made and
cured according to the American Society for Testing Material's of
Making and Curing Concrete Compression and Flexture Test Specimens
in the Field (ASTM C31). Not less than three specimens shall be made
for each test at each age nor less than one test for each 150 cubic
yards of concrete of each class. At least one test per day shall be
made of each class of concrete used that day.
(b)
Specimens shall be taken by the owner or his
representative under the direction of the town and the tests made
by a laboratory approved by the town. The cost of transportation to
the laboratory and of testing the concrete cylinders shall be borne
by the owner. The owner shall furnish two copies of all test results
to the town.
(c)
Additional specimens cured under job conditions
may be required when, in the opinion of the town, there is a possibility
of the surrounding air temperature falling below 40º F. or rising
above 90º F.
(d)
The standard age of test specimens shall be
28 days, but seven-day specimens may be used, provided that the relationship
between the seven- and twenty-eight-day strengths of the concrete
is established by test for the materials and proportions used.
(e)
If, after testing, the average strength of test
cylinders is found to be more than 10% below the required strength,
the town may elect either to permit such concrete to remain in place
and require the owner to forfeit from his performance bond an amount
agreeable to both the owner and the town or require the owner at his
own expense, to remove the concrete area deficient in the specified
strength and replace it with concrete of satisfactory quality.
E.
Mixing and placing concrete.
(1)
Preparation of equipment and place of deposit.
(a)
Before placement, all equipment for mixing and
transporting the concrete shall be cleaned, and all debris and ice
shall be removed from the places to be occupied by the concrete. Forms
and subbase shall be thoroughly wetted, except in freezing weather,
or oiled. The reinforcement shall be thoroughly cleaned of ice, dirt,
rust, scale or other coatings.
(b)
Standing water shall be removed from place of
deposit before concrete is placed unless otherwise permitted by the
town. All laitance and other unsound materials shall be removed from
hardened concrete before additional concrete is added.
(2)
Mixing of concrete.
(a)
For job-mixed concrete, the mixer shall be rotated
at a speed recommended by the manufacturer. Each batch of one cubic
yard or less shall be mixed for at least one minute after all materials
are in the mixer. The mixing time shall be increased 15 seconds for
each additional cubic yard or part thereof. The entire batch shall
be discharged before the mixer is recharged.
(b)
Ready-mixed concrete shall be mixed and delivered
in accordance with Specifications for Ready-Mixed Concrete (ASTM C94).
(3)
Conveying of concrete.
(a)
Concrete shall be conveyed from the mixer to
the place of final deposit by methods that will prevent separation
or loss of materials.
(b)
Equipment for chuting, pumping and pneumatically
conveying concrete shall be of such size and design as to achieve
a practically continuous flow of concrete at the delivery and without
separation of materials.
(4)
Placing of concrete.
(a)
Concrete shall be deposited as nearly as practicable
in its final position to avoid segregation due to rehandling or flowing.
The placing of concrete shall be carried on at such rate that concrete
is at all times plastic and flows readily into the spaces between
the bars. No concrete that has partially hardened or been contaminated
by foreign material shall be deposited on the work, nor shall retempered
concrete be used.
(b)
When concreting is once started, it shall be
carried on as a continuous operation until concreting of the panel
or section is completed. When construction joints are necessary, they
shall be made in accordance with accepted practice or as approved
by the Board.
(c)
All concrete shall be thoroughly consolidated
by suitable means during placement. It shall be thoroughly worked
around reinforcement and embedded fixtures and into the corners of
the forms. Tools used shall be such that they will not cause segregation
of aggregates.
(5)
Curing of concrete. Provision shall be made for maintaining
concrete in a moist condition for a period of at least five days after
placement. For high-early-strength concretes, however, moist curing
shall be provided for at least the first two days, when concrete and
air temperatures are above 50º F., longer periods of curing shall
be required when temperatures are below 50º F.
(6)
Cold weather concreting.
(a)
Adequate equipment shall be provided for heating
concrete materials and protecting concrete during freezing or near-freezing
weather. No frozen materials or materials containing snow or ice shall
be used in the concrete.
(b)
All reinforcement, forms, fillers and ground
with which the concrete is to come in contact shall be free from snow
and ice. Whenever the temperature of the surrounding air is below
40º F., all concrete placed in the forms shall have a temperature
of 45º F. or higher after placement.
(c)
Adequate means shall be provided for maintaining
this temperature for four days. When high-early-strength concrete
is used, a temperature of 45º F. shall be maintained for three
days. In either case, any additional time necessary to ensure proper
curing of the concrete shall be provided as directed by the town.
(d)
The housing, covering or other protections used
in connection with curing shall remain in place and intact at least
24 hours after the artificial heating is discontinued. No dependence
shall be placed on salt or other chemicals for the prevention of freezing.
(7)
Hot weather concreting.
(a)
In hot weather, suitable precautions shall be
taken to avoid drying of the concrete prior to finishing operations.
Use of windbreaks, sunshades, fog sprays or other devices shall be
provided as directed by the town.
(b)
Concrete deposited in hot weather shall not
have a placing temperature that will cause difficulty from loss of
slump, flash set or cold joints. Concrete temperatures shall be less
than 90º F.
(8)
Forms.
(a)
Forms shall conform to shapes, lines and dimensions
of the members as called for in the subdivision final submission and
shall be sufficiently tight to prevent leakage of mortar. They shall
be properly braced or tied together so as to maintain position and
shape.
(b)
Forms shall be removed in such a manner as to
ensure the complete safety of the structure. Where the structure is
supported on shores, the removable floor forms, beams and girder sides
and column and similar vertical forms may be removed after 24 hours,
provided that the concrete is sufficiently hard. In no case shall
the supporting forms or shoring be removed until members have acquired
sufficient strength to support their weight and imposed loads safely.
(9)
Placing and splicing of reinforcements. The reinforcement
shall be protected by the thickness of the concrete indicated in the
subdivision final approval. Where not otherwise shown, the thickness
of concrete over the reinforcement shall be as follows:
(a)
Where concrete is deposited against the ground
without the use of forms: not less than three inches.
(b)
Where concrete is exposed to the weather or
to the ground but placed in forms: not less than two inches for bars
larger than No. 5 and 1 1/2 inches for No. 5 bars or smaller.
(c)
In slabs and walls not exposed to the ground
or to the weather: not less than 3/4 inch.
(d)
In beams, girders and columns not exposed to
the ground or to the weather: not less than 1 1/2 inches.
(e)
In all cases: at least equal to the diameter
of bars or 1 1/2 times the side dimension of a square bar.
A.
General. Underground cable for telephone and/or electric
service shall be installed in conformance with requirements listed
herein and other sound installation practices.
B.
Sequence of construction. Installation of cable and
conduit shall be subsequent to right-of-way grading but prior to any
paving operations. Grading shall be within six inches of proposed
final grade.
C.
Conduit. Rigid conduit shall be placed under all roadways
prior to the installation of the cable. Conduit of appropriate size
shall conform to the National Electric Code. Conduit installation
is to conform to excavation and backfilling items under Section 206,
New York State Department of Transportation Specifications, with the
sand backfill to be at least six inches below and six inches above
the conduit.
D.
Identification. To protect from inadvertent cuts into
any cable, any buried cable shall have placed approximately one foot
above such cable a continuous ribbon of brightly colored, nonreactive
plastic.
E.
Documentation. The developer shall indicate all cable
and conduit locations on the as-built drawings when submitted to the
town.