A. 
The contractor shall furnish, lay and joint sanitary sewer pipe of the size and class specified on the plans. The work shall include all labor, tools, materials and equipment, including couplings and jointing materials.
B. 
The class and strength of pipe to be used for the respective pipe sizes shall be as shown on the approved plans.
A. 
Materials.
(1) 
The asbestos cement pipe and couplings shall be composed of a mixture of portland cement and asbestos fiber with the addition of curing agents free from organic substances and shall be of the class and size herein designated.
(2) 
The pipe and couplings shall be equal to that manufactured by the Johns-Manville Corporation or the Keasbey & Mattison Company. All cement asbestos pipe will be subjected to an internal pressure test of 50 pounds per square inch at the point of manufacture. Any pipe failing to comply with the specifications on the site will be rejected and promptly removed by the contractor. Certificates of compliance with these specifications are to be furnished by the manufacturer for all shipments of pipe. The pipe shall be accurate and of uniform dimensions. All pipe shall be straight and true to form without bulges, dents, cracks, tears or other defects which will affect the strength and shall have no bulges or dents on interior surfaces which will result in a noticeable variation in diameter of that obtained on adjacent unaffected portions of the surface. Each pipe shall not vary in straightness more than one inch, more or less, in a length of 13 feet, measured as an outside mid ordinate. Only domestic material shall be offered, provided as follows: Notwithstanding any inconsistent provisions of law and unless the owner shall determine it to be inconsistent with public interest or the cost to be unreasonable, only pipe manufactured in the United States shall be used on this project.
(3) 
Length shall be 13 feet nominal. The contractor shall procure from the pipe manufacturers a certificate of tests for each different class, size and batch of pipe. The tests conducted shall include but not be limited to the American Society for three-edge-bearing-method crushing test, hydrostatic tests and flexural tests.
B. 
Laying. All pipes shall be carefully examined for dents, cracks and other defects, and no pipe known to be defective shall be laid. If any pipe is found to be broken or defective after being laid, it shall be removed and replaced by sound pipe without any payment. All pipe shall be carefully laid to true alignment and grade. Where foundation conditions so require, and only upon direction of the Engineer, the pipe shall be laid on screened gravel or broken stone. All trenches shall be dewatered prior to laying pipe. Immediately after the pipe is brought to final position, it shall be thoroughly secured and properly bedded, and ample support shall be provided to prevent settlement or disturbances. A line of sight inspection shall be made to ascertain true alignment.
C. 
Jointing. Pipes shall be carefully jointed in conformity with the best practice and detailed instructions of the manufacturer. Actual details of required jointing practice will depend upon the particular type adopted but shall, in all cases, involve approved practice and shall be such as to produce the required results particularly as regards flexibility and watertightness under pressure.
D. 
Leakage and testing. If an inspection of the completed sewer or any part thereof shows any manholes, pipes or joints which allow the infiltration of water in a noticeable stream or jet, the defective work or material shall be replaced or repaired as directed. After sewers have been laid and otherwise completed, a leakage test shall be made by the contractor to demonstrate that the line will satisfactorily meet the conditions prevailing in place, with leakage not in excess of 200 gallons per inch of diameter per mile per day. If the leakage exceeds the specified amount, the contractor shall make the necessary repairs or replacements required to reduce the leakage to within the specified limits, and the tests shall be repeated until the leakage requirement is met. Rates of infiltration shall be determined by means of V-notch weirs or pipe spigot in an approved manner and at such times and locations as may be directed by the Engineer during the progress and at the completion of the work. The contractor shall provide and install weir plates or other materials required at such time and locations as may be directed by the Engineer.
A. 
Material. All vitrified clay pipe furnished on the project shall be Vitra Chem pipe, or equal, of the bell and spigot type, nonglazed, first-quality sound, thoroughly and perfectly burned and equal to that manufactured by the American Vitrified Products Company of Cleveland, Ohio. Pipe shall be nonglazed with quality determined by the glass-bound formation of the body and as indicated by low-absorption, high-strength and close-dimensional tolerances meeting all the requirements of specifications CSPA-3-66 for standard strength Vitra Chem pipe as issued by the Clay Sewer Pipe Association of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Except where superseded by Clay Sewer Pipe Association Standards for Vitra Chem pipe, all vitrified sewer pipe shall meet requirements of specifications issued by the ASTM Designation C200-65T. Pipe joints to be used with vitrified clay sewer pipe shall be in accordance with ASTM Designation C425-60T.
B. 
Installation. All vitrified clay sewer pipe shall be installed in accordance with the recommended practice for installing clay pipe as provided for in ASTM Specifications C12-58T. All installation and field testing shall be under the supervision and direction of the Engineer.
C. 
Laying, jointing, leakage and testing. All applicable subsections of § 121-63, Asbestos cement sewer pipe, regarding laying of pipe, jointing, leakage and testing, shall apply under this section.
A. 
Scope. Under this section, the contractor shall furnish all labor, tools, materials and equipment to lay and joint the reinforced concrete sewer pipe specified herein and as shown on the approved drawings.
B. 
Materials.
(1) 
The pipe shall be of the type known as reinforced-concrete packerhead sewer or culvert pipe. It shall consist of a dense concrete wall reinforced with a cage or cages formed of circumferential and longitudinal steel. Each pipe shall be constructed with a bell and spigot expansion joint sealed with a round rubber gasket and capable of compensating for normal movement due to earth settlement and extremes of temperature. The pipe shall be suitable for conveyance of sewage and industrial wastes.
(2) 
The length of pipe sections shall be seven feet six inches nominal. The pipe shall be round and true. The average internal diameter of the straight pipe shall not be less than the nominal diameter by more than 1/4 inch or one and 1 1/2%, whichever is less. The average shell thickness shall not be less than that given under dimensions by more than 5% or 1/8 inch, whichever is less.
(3) 
The joint shall be sealed by a round rubber gasket so that the joint will remain watertight under all conditions of service, including movement due to expansion, contraction and normal settlement. Each length of pipe shall be provided with bell and spigot ends formed in the concrete wall. The gasket shall be contained in a groove provided near the end of the spigot.
(4) 
The gasket sealing the joint shall be made of either natural rubber or a synthetic rubber, or a blend of both. It shall be a continuous ring, of circular cross-section and of such size and texture to assure a watertight and permanent seal. It shall be the product of a manufacturer having at least five years' experience in the manufacture of rubber gaskets for pipe joints. The rubber gasket shall have a smooth surface, free from pitting, blisters, porosity and other imperfections.
(5) 
The gaskets shall comply with the following physical requirements:
(a) 
Minimum tensile strength: 1,200 pounds per square inch.
(b) 
Minimum elongation at rupture: 350%.
(c) 
Maximum compression set: 25%.
(d) 
Accelerated aging.
[1] 
Minimum tensile strength retained: 85% of original.
[2] 
Minimum elongation retained: 80% of original.
(e) 
Water absorption. Maximum volume and weight increase: 10%.
(f) 
Durometer hardness: 40, plus or minus five points.
(6) 
The physical properties of the gaskets shall be determined in accordance with the respective American Society for Testing and Materials designation for each property.
(7) 
The rubber gasket shall be the sole element of the joint depended upon to provide watertightness.
(8) 
Manufacture of pipe shall be in accordance with Reinforced Concrete Culvert, Storm Drain and Sewer Pipe, ASTM Designation C-76, latest revision, of the class shown on the plans.
C. 
Laying. All pipes shall be carefully examined for dents, cracks and other defects, and no pipe known to be defective shall be laid. If any pipe is found to be broken or defective after being laid, it shall be removed and replaced by sound pipe. All pipe shall be carefully laid to true alignment and grade. Where foundation conditions so require, and only upon direction of the Engineer, the pipe shall be laid on screened gravel or broken stone. All trenches shall be dewatered prior to laying pipe. Immediately after the pipe is brought to final position, it shall be thoroughly secured and properly bedded, and ample support shall be provided to prevent settlement or disturbances.
D. 
Jointing. Pipes shall be carefully jointed in conformity with the best practice and detailed instructions of the manufacturer. Actual details of required jointing practice will depend upon the particular type adopted but shall, in all cases, involve approved practice and shall be such as to produce the required results, particularly as regards flexibility and watertightness under pressure.
E. 
Leakage and testing. If an inspection of the completed sewer or any part thereof shows any manholes, pipes or joints which allow the infiltration of water in a noticeable stream or jet, the defective work or material shall be replaced or repaired as directed. After sewers have been laid and otherwise completed, a leakage test shall be made to demonstrate that the line will satisfactorily meet the conditions prevailing in place with leakage, not in excess of 200 gallons per inch of diameter per mile per day. If the leakage exceeds the specified amount, the contractor shall make the necessary repairs or replacements required to reduce the leakage to within the specified limits, and the tests shall be repeated until the leakage requirement is met. Rates of infiltration shall be determined by means of V-notch weirs or pipe spigot in an approved manner and at such times and locations as may be directed by the Engineer during the progress and at the completion of the work. The contractor shall provide and install weir plates or other materials required at such time and locations as may be directed by the Engineer.