Joints and connections in the plumbing system
shall be gas tight and watertight for the pressure required by test,
with the exception of those portions of perforated or open joint piping
which are installed for the purpose of collecting and conveying ground
or seepage water to the underground storm drains.
The use of cement, concrete, mastic, hot pour bituminous or other materials not conforming to § 860-90 is prohibited. Connections made by inserting a smaller diameter pipe into the bore of a larger diameter pipe are prohibited. (See also § 860-93I.) There shall be no penetration beyond the depth provided in the transition fitting.
A.
Brazed or welded. Every brazed or welded joint shall
be made by first cleaning down to the base metal the surfaces to be
welded or brazed, applying flux approved for such joints and making
the joint with approved brazing alloy. Brazed or welded joints are
not permitted on drainage waste and vent systems, except where specifically
approved by the Administrative Authority.
B.
Burned lead. Every burned (welded) lead joint shall
be lapped and the lead shall be fused together to form a uniform weld
at least as thick as the lead being joined.
A.
Cast iron soil pipe. Every lead caulked joint for
cast iron bell and spigot soil pipe shall be firmly packed with oakum
or hemp and filled with molten lead not less than one inch deep and
not to extend more than 1/8 inch below the rim of the hub. As an alternate
to the lead and oakum joint, approved compression gaskets, compressed
when the spigot is inserted into the hub of the pipe may be used.
No paint, varnish, or other coating shall be permitted on the joining
material until after the joint has been tested and approved. Lead
shall be run in one pouring and shall be caulked tight.
B.
Cast iron water pipe.
(1)
Every lead caulked joint for cast iron bell and spigot
water pipe shall be firmly packed with clean, sound asbestos rope
or treated paper rope. The remaining space in the hub shall be filled
with molten lead according to the following schedule:
|
Pipe Size
(inches)
|
Depth of Lead
(inches)
| |
|---|---|---|
|
Up to 20
|
2 1/4
| |
|
24, 30, 36
|
2 1/2
| |
|
Larger than 36
|
3
|
(2)
Lead shall be run in one pouring and shall be caulked
tight.
Every threaded joint shall conform to American
National Taper Pipe Thread U.S.A.S.1. B2.1-1960 or FS GGG-P-351a.
All burrs shall be removed. Pipe ends shall be reamed or filed out
to size of bore, and all chips shall be removed. Pipe joint cement
or paint shall be used only on male threads. Approved teflon tape
may be used in lieu of pipe joint cement or paint.
Every soldered or sweat joint for tubing shall
be made with approved fittings. Surfaces to be soldered or sweated
shall be cleaned. The joints shall be properly fluxed and made with
approved solder. Joints in copper water tubing shall be made by the
appropriate use of approved brass or wrought copper water fittings,
properly sweated or soldered together.
Every union shall have metal to metal ground
seats and their material shall conform to the type of piping in which
they are installed. No unions will be permitted in the drainage, waste,
or vent systems.
Every flared joint for soft copper water tubing
shall be made with fittings meeting approved standards. The tubing
shall be expanded with a proper flaring tool.
Precast collars shall be formed on the spigot
and in the bell of the pipe in advance of use. Materials shall be
resistant to both acids and alkalies, and precast joints shall conform
in all respects to the requirements of the latest appropriate standards
for the type of material used.
Hot poured compound for clay or concrete sewer
pipe or other material shall not be water absorbent and, when poured
against a dry surface, shall have a bond of not less than 100 psi.
All surfaces of the joint shall be cleaned and dried before pouring.
If wet surfaces are unavoidable, a suitable primer shall be applied.
The compound shall not soften sufficiently to destroy the effectiveness
of the joint when subjected to a temperature of 160° F., nor be
soluble in any way of the waste carried by the drainage system. Approximately
25% of the joint space at the base of the socket shall be filled with
jute or hemp. A pouring collar, rope or other device shall be used
to hold the hot compound until the joint is filled. Joints shall not
be tested until one hour after pouring. Dewits Number 10 Compound
can be used as a transition joint between the house drain and the
house sewer.
Except for repairs and connections to existing
lines constructed with such joints, or where specifically approved
by the Administrative Authority, cement mortar joints are prohibited
on building drains or sewers. Where permitted, cement mortar joints
shall be made in the following manner: A layer of jute or hemp shall
be inserted into the base of the annular joint space and packed tightly
to prevent mortar from entering the interior of the pipe or fitting.
Not more than 25% of the annular space shall be used for jute or hemp.
The remaining space shall be filled in one continuous operation with
a thoroughly mixed mortar composed of one part cement and two parts
sand, with only sufficient water to make the mixture workable by hand.
Additional mortar of the same composition shall then be applied to
form a one to one slope with the barrel of the pipe. The bell or hub
of the pipe shall be left exposed and, when necessary, the interior
of the pipe shall be swabbed to remove any mortar or other material
which may have found its way into such pipe.
Every joint in plastic piping shall be made
with approved fittings by either solvent welded or fusion welded connections,
approved integral bell gasketed joints, approved insert fitting and
metal clamps and screws of corrosion resistant material, threaded
joints, or approved flared joints according to accepted standards
of approval. Solvent welded joints shall conform to applicable standards
for each type plastic.
A.
Asbestos cement. Joints in asbestos cement pipe shall
be made with a sleeve coupling of the same composition as the pipe
or of other approved materials, and sealed with rubber rings or joined
by an approved type compression coupling. Joints between asbestos
cement pipe and other approved pipe shall be made by means of an approved
adapter coupling.
B.
Bituminized fiber pipe joints. Joints of bituminized
pipe shall be made with tapered type couplings or fittings of the
same material as the pipe. Joints between bituminous fiber pipe and
other approved pipe shall be made by means of an approved adapter
coupling.
C.
Cast iron water pipe. Every mechanical joint in cast
iron water pipe shall be made with a flanged collar, rubber ring gasket,
and appropriate number of securing bolts or with a preformed molded
ring, secured by pulling the pipe together in such a way as to compress
the molded ring.
D.
Cast iron soil pipe (Hubless). Hubless Pipe: Joints
for hubless cast iron soil pipe and fittings shall be made with an
approved elastomeric sealing sleeve and stainless steel clamp, clamping
screw and housing.
E.
Clay pipe. Flexible joints between lengths of clay
pipe shall be made using approved resilient materials both on the
spigot end and in the bell end of the pipe.
F.
Concrete pipe. Flexible joints between lengths of
concrete pipe shall be made using approved elastomeric materials both
on the spigot end and in the bell end of the pipe. For plain end see
ASTM C-594; for bell and spigot see ASTM C-425.
G.
High silicon content cast iron plain end pipe. Joints
in high silicon content cast iron plain end pipe shall be of the mechanical
type using a stainless-steel coupling with approved type sealant compression
gasket material.
H.
Glass pipe. Joints in glass pipe shall be of the mechanical
type using a stainless steel mechanical coupling with approved type
sealant compression gasket material.
I.
Epoxy resin plastic pipe. Joints in epoxy resin type
pipe shall be of the mechanical type using a stainless steel mechanical
coupling with approved type sealant compression gasket material, or
with approved threaded joints.
J.
Slip. Every slip joint shall be made using approved
packing or gasket material or approved ground joint brass compression
rings. Ground joint brass connections, which allow adjustment of tubing,
but provide a rigid joint when made up, shall not be considered as
slip joints.
K.
Flexible couplings.
(1)
Couplings of this type consist of bolted sleeves or
clamps with approved rubber rings, and the pipe and fittings are grooved
or otherwise locked to prevent leaks or excessive movement.
(2)
Couplings shall be self-centering and shall engage
and lock in place the grooved or shouldered pipe and pipe fitting
ends in a positive water tight couple.
(3)
Coupling housing clamps shall be fabricated in two
or more parts of malleable iron castings, in accordance with Federal
Specifications QQ-1-666c, Grade 11. Housing clamps shall hold in place
a composition water-sealing gasket designed so that internal pressure
serves to increase the seal's water-tightness. Water-sealing gasket
shall be of molded synthetic rubber in accordance with ASTM D-735-61,
Grade No. R615BZ.
(4)
Coupling assembly shall be securely held together
by two or more track-head, square or oval-neck, steel bolts. Bolts
and nuts shall be heat-treated carbon steel and shall be in accordance
with ASTM A-183-60.
(5)
All pipe fittings used in connection with pipe couplings
shall have grooved or shouldered ends and shall be fabricated of malleable
iron castings in accordance with Federal Specification QQ-1-666c,
Grade 11.
(6)
Where approved: Flexible or mechanical type coupling
and fittings may be used in the following piping systems:
(a)
Conductors and roof drains above ground. Flexible
type couplings and fittings may be used in lieu of screwed joints
and cast iron type screwed fittings on Schedule 40, steel pipe. All
pipe, fittings and flexible type couplings shall be galvanized.
(b)
Water distribution piping, inside building.
Flexible couplings and fittings may be used in lieu of screwed joints
and screwed fittings on Schedule 40, steel pipe. All pipe, fittings
and flexible type couplings shall be galvanized.
A.
ABS or PVC plastic DWV to other approved material. When connecting Plastic DWV to other approved types of piping, use only approved types of fittings and adaptor designed for the specific transition intended. Different piping material having the same outside diameter may be joined with approved elastomeric sealing couplings. Where the outside diameters are different the elastomeric type sealing couplings must provide for the different O.D.'s in the sealing mechanism or a proper transition fitting will be required (See Article V, § 860-68 for approved types of compression sealing couplings).
B.
Cast iron to copper tubing. Every joint between cast
iron and copper tubing shall be made by using a brass ferrule inserted
in the hub of the cast iron pipe and caulked with lead. The copper
pipe shall be attached to the ferrule by sweating or soldering.
C.
Cast iron to vitrified clay. Every joint between cast iron piping and vitrified clay piping shall be made either of hot poured bitumastic compound or by a preformed bituminous ring. This ring shall, after ramming, completely fill the annular space between the cast iron spigot and the vitrified clay hub. (See § 860-93I.)
D.
Copper tubing to threaded pipe joints. Every joint
from copper tubing to threaded pipe shall be made by the use of brass
converter fittings. The joint between the copper pipe and the fitting
shall be properly sweated or soldered, and the connection between
the threaded pipe and the fitting shall be made with a standard pipe
size screw joint.
E.
Lead to cast iron, wrought iron or steel. Every joint
between lead and cast iron, wrought iron, or steel pipe shall be made
by means of a caulking ferrule, soldering nipple, bushing, or by means
of a mechanical adapter.
F.
Threaded pipe to cast iron. Every joint between wrought
iron, steel, or brass and cast iron pipe shall be either caulked or
threaded or shall be made with approved adapter fittings.
G.
Glass pipe to other accepted special waste piping.
Every joint between glass pipe and any other accepted special drain
line material shall be made with approved fittings.
H.
Epoxy resin pipe to other accepted special waste piping.
Every joint between epoxy resin pipe and any other accepted special
drain line material shall be made with approved adapter fittings.
I.
Flexible transition joints in sewer pipe material. All transition joints in sewers between similar or dissimilar materials of equal or unequal size shall be made water and gas tight by means of an approved transition fitting, connector or adapter of the compression or mechanical seal type. The connector or adapter shall be manufactured of preformed elastomeric material conforming to the applicable sections of ASTM Standards C-425, C-564 and D-1869. Couplings of the mechanical seal type shall have tightening clamps or devices made of 305 stainless steel. The compression joint connector or adapter and flexible coupling shall be installed as recommended and specified by the manufacturer, and each connector shall bear the manufacturer's name clearly visible when installed. (See Article V, § 860-68 for approved types.)
Every connection between drainage pipes and
water closets, (whether floor outlet or wall outlet) existing floor
outlet service sinks, pedestal urinals, and earthenware trap standards
shall be made of brass, copper, iron or plastic flanges, caulked,
soldered, screwed or solvent welded to the drainage pipe. The connection
shall be bolted with an approved gasket or washer or setting compound
such as wax or graphite ring between the earthenware and the connection.
The floor flange shall be fastened to a structurally firm base. (The
use of commercial putty or plaster is prohibited.)
A.
Joints at the roof, around vent pipes, shall be made
watertight by the use of lead, copper, aluminum or, other approved
flashings or flashing material. Exterior wall openings shall be made
watertight.
B.
Floor drains installed above the basement floor with
useable space below, shall be waterproofed with approved flashing
material. The flashing material shall be securely fastened to the
waste outlet at the seepage entrance making a watertight joint between
the flashing material and the floor drain. Flashing material shall
extend a minimum of 18 inches from the center of the floor drain.
Every expansion joint shall be of approved type
and its material shall conform with the type of piping in which it
is installed.
