All plumbing fixtures and drains used to receive
or discharge liquid wastes or sewage shall be connected to the drainage
system of the building or premises in accordance with the requirements
of this code.
A.
Minimum number of fixtures.
(1)
In all areas under this chapter requiring Minimum Number of Fixtures regulated by State or Federal Law or regulation, the Administrative Authority will accept the State and Federal minimum standards in lieu of Article XV requirements.
(2)
Plumbing Fixtures shall be provided for the type of building occupancy and in the minimum number(s) show in Table 860-102A, "Minimum Number of Plumbing Fixtures".[1] Types of building occupancy not show in Table 860-102A will be considered individually by the Administrative Authority.
[1]
Editor's Note: Table 860-102A is included at the end of this chapter.
B.
Separate facilities. In other than residential installations,
where toilet and bathing facilities are provided to serve members
of both sexes and are designed for use by more than one person at
a time, separate facilities shall be installed for each sex.
A.
Access for cleaning. Plumbing Fixtures shall be so
installed as to afford easy access for cleaning both the fixture and
the area about it.
B.
Convenient and accessible — (mandated fixtures).
Fixtures shall be set level and in proper alignment with reference
to adjacent walls. No water closet shall be set closer than 15 inches
from its center to any side wall, fixture or partition, or closer
than 30 inches, center to center between toilets. In addition, there
shall be at least 18 inches clearance in front of a water closet,
urinal, or lavatory, to any wall, fixture or door. No urinal shall
be set closer than 15 inches from its center to any side wall, fixture
or partition nor closer than 30 inches, center to center, between
urinals. No lavatory for use in dwelling units shall be set closer
than 15 inches from its center to any side wall, fixture or partition.
No lavatory for public use shall be set closer than 12 inches from
its center to any side wall fixture or partition.
C.
Securing floor-outlet fixtures. Floor outlet fixtures
shall be rigidly secured to floor or floor flanges by screws or bolts.
D.
Securing wall-hung bowls and wall-hung fixtures. Wall-hung
water closet bowls and wall-hung fixtures shall be rigidly supported
by a concealed metal hanger which is attached to building structural
members so that no strain is transmitted to the fixture connector
or any other part of the plumbing system.
E.
Water supply protection. The supply lines or fittings
for every plumbing fixture shall be so installed as to prevent backflow.
A.
Design of overflows. In any fixture which is provided
with an overflow, the waste shall be designed and installed so that
the standing water in the fixture cannot rise in the overflow when
the stopper is closed, nor shall any water remain in the overflow
when the fixture is empty.
B.
Connections of overflows. The overflow from any fixture
shall discharge into the drainage system on the inlet or fixture side
of the trap, provided that the overflow from a flush tank serving
a water closet or urinal shall discharge into the fixture served.
C.
Access to concealed connections. Fixtures having concealed
slip joint connections shall be provided with an access panel, or
utility space, or other convenient access so arranged as to make the
slip connections accessible for inspection and repair. However, such
access doors may be eliminated, but all joints must be soldered, screwed,
or solvent welded so as to form a solid connection. Where solid connections
are to be utilized in lieu of access doors, all piping must meet or
exceed the DWV requirements contained in this code, and must be inspected
by the Administrative Authority, prior to concealment.
A.
Prohibited water closets. Water closets which have
an invisible seal, and unventilated space, or walls which are not
thoroughly washed at each discharge shall be prohibited. Any water
closet which might permit siphonage of the contents of the bowl back
into the flush tank shall be prohibited.
B.
Water closets for public use. Water closet bowls for
public use shall be of the elongated bowl type.
C.
Water closets for children's use. In nurseries, schools
and other similar places where plumbing fixtures are provided for
the use of children under six years of age, water closets shall be
of small size and height suitable for the children's use.
D.
Water closet seats. Water closets shall be equipped
with seats of smooth non-absorbent material. All seats of water closets
provided for public use shall be of the open-front type. Integral
water closet seats shall be of the same material as the fixture.
A.
Iron connections. Three-inch bends may be used on
water closets or similar connections, provided a four-inch by three-inch
flange is used to receive the fixture horn.
B.
Copper connections. Three-inch bends may be used on
water closets or similar connections, provided a four-inch by three-inch
flange is used to receive the fixture horn.
C.
Reducing bends. Four by three inch bends are acceptable.
A.
Prohibited urinals. Floor-type trough urinals and
stall urinals are prohibited.
B.
Wall-hung trough urinals. Wall-hung trough urinals
shall be permitted only in temporary locations. They shall be not
less than six inches deep and shall be furnished with one-piece backs
and strainers with outlets at least 1 1/2 inches in diameter.
The washdown pipe shall be perforated so as to flush with an even
curtain of water against the entire inside perimeter of the urinal.
This pipe shall be securely clamped as high as practicable to the
back of the urinal. Trough urinals shall have tanks with a flushing
capacity of not less than 1 1/2 gallons of water for each two
feet of urinal length.
C.
Equivalent length. Trough urinals shall be figured
on the basis of one urinal for each 24 inches of length, i.e.:
|
Trough size
(inches)
|
Equivalent Number of Urinals
| |
|---|---|---|
|
24
|
1
| |
|
36
|
2
| |
|
48
|
2
| |
|
60
|
3
| |
|
72
|
3
|
D.
Surrounding material. Wall and floor space to a point
of one foot in front of a urinal lip and four feet above the floor,
and at least one foot to each side of the urinal shall be constructed
with a smooth, readily cleanable, nonabsorbent, waterproof material.
A.
Flushing devices required. Each water closet, urinal,
clinical sink, or other plumbing fixture, which depends on trap siphonage
to discharge its waste contents to the drainage system to which it
is connected, shall be provided with a flushometer valve, flush tank,
or similar device designed and installed so as to supply water in
sufficient quantity and rate of flow to flush to the sewer the contents
of the fixture to which it is connected to cleanse the fixture and
refill the fixture trap.
B.
Separate for each fixture. A flushing device shall
serve only one fixture except that when otherwise approved by the
Administrative Authority, a single flush tank may be used to flush
more than one urinal, provided that the flushing cycle is controlled
automatically and that each urinal or section thereof is thoroughly
flushed.
C.
Flushometer valves. Flushometers shall be installed
so that they will be readily accessible for repair. Flushometer valves
shall not be used where the water pressure is insufficient to properly
operate them. When the valve is operated, it shall complete the cycle
of operation automatically, opening fully and closing positively under
the water line pressure. Each flushometer shall be provided with a
means of regulating the flow through it.
A.
Water supply for flush tanks. An adequate quantity
of water shall be provided to flush and clean the fixture served.
The water supply to flush tanks equipped for manual flushing shall
be controlled by a float valve or other automatic device designed
to refill the tank after each discharge and to completely shut off
the water flow to the tank when the tank is filled to operational
capacity. The water supply piping shall be so arranged that it cannot
be submerged or come in contact with the water in the flush tank.
Provision shall be made to automatically supply water to the fixture
so as to refill the trap seal after each flushing. The water supply
to flush tanks equipped for automatic flushing shall be controlled
by a suitable timing device. [Refer to Table 860-179K(7)(a), Flush
Tanks.]
B.
Flush valves in flush tanks. Flush valve seats in
tanks for flushing water closets shall be at least 1 inch above the
flood level rim of the bowl connected thereto, except in approved
water closet and flush tank combinations designed so that when the
tank is flushed and the fixture is clogged or partially clogged, the
flush valve will close tightly so that water will not spill continuously
over the rim of the bowl or backflow from the bowl to the tank.
C.
Overflows in flush tanks. Flush tanks shall be provided
with overflows discharging to the water closet or urinal connected
thereto and of sufficient size to prevent flooding the tank at the
maximum rate at which the tanks are supplied with water.
Lavatory waste outlets. Lavatories shall have
waste outlets not less than 1 1/4 inches in diameter. A strainer,
pop-up stopper, crossbars or other device shall be provided to restrict
the clear opening of the waste outlet.
Bathtub waste outlets and overflows. Bathtubs
shall have waste outlets and overflows at least 1 1/2 inches
in diameter and the waste outlet shall be equipped with a suitable
stopper.
A.
Water supply riser and shower head outlet. Every water
supply riser from the shower valve to the shower head outlet, whether
exposed or not, riser and shower head outlet shall be securely attached
to the structure.
B.
Shower waste outlet. Waste outlets, other than those
in bathtubs, serving showers shall be at least two inches in diameter
and have removable strainers not less than three inches in diameter
having strainer openings not less than 1/4 inch in minimum dimension.
C.
Shower compartments. Shower compartments shall have
at least 1,024 square inches of floor area and be not less than 30
inches in minimum dimension measured from its finished interior dimension
as the side of a rectangle, altitude of a triangle, or diameter of
a circle, or other angular shape. The wall area above built-in tubs
having installed shower heads and in shower compartments shall be
constructed of smooth, noncorrosive and nonabsorbent, waterproof materials
to a height not less than six feet above the floor level. Such walls
shall form a watertight joint with each other and with either the
tub, receptor, or shower floor.
D.
Shower floors or receptors. Floors or receptors under
shower compartments shall be laid on or be supported by a smooth and
structurally sound base. Floors under shower compartments, other than
those laid directly on the ground surface or where prefabricated receptors
have been provided, shall be lined and made watertight by the provision
of suitable shower pans of durable material. Such pans shall turn
up on all sides at least two inches above the finished threshold level.
Pans shall be securely fastened to the waste outlet at the seepage
entrance making a watertight joint between the pan and the outlet.
Floor surfaces shall be constructed of smooth, noncorrosive, nonabsorbent,
and waterproof materials.
E.
Gang showers, drainage and where permitted. Gang or
public type showers will be permitted only in places of temporary
occupancy where sleeping accommodations are not provided and their
use is of a transitory nature, such as athletic field houses, gymnasiums,
and swimming pool bath houses. Where approved; such showers shall
be drained in such manner that water from any shower head will not
drain across areas occupied by other bathers. Gutters, or perimeter
drains, in public or gang shower rooms shall be required. Gutters
shall have rounded corners for easy cleaning and maintenance and shall
be sloped not less than 1/8 inch per foot toward properly installed
drains. Drains in such gutters, or along the perimeter shall be spaced
not more than eight feet from side walls or more than 16 feet apart,
or be less than three inches in diameter when above basement floor
or less than four inches in diameter when under basement floor.
Sink waste outlets. Sinks shall be provided
with waste outlets not less than 1 1/2 inches in diameter. A
strainer, crossbar, or other device shall be provided to restrict
the clear opening of the waste outlet. Sinks on which a food grinder
is installed shall have a waste opening not less than 3 1/2 inches
in diameter.
A.
Domestic food-waste grinder waste outlets. Domestic
food-waste grinders shall be connected to a drain of not less than
1 1/2 inches in diameter.
B.
Commercial food-waste grinder waste outlets. Commercial
food-waste-grinders shall be connected to a drain of sufficient size
to serve the unit, but in no case connected to a drain of less that
two inches in diameter. Commercial food-waste-grinders shall be connected
and trapped separately from any other fixtures or compartments.
C.
Water supply required. All food-waste-grinders shall
be provided with an adequate supply of water in sufficient flow rate
to insure proper functioning of the unit.
D.
Grinders not to be connected with grease interceptors.
No food-waste-grinders shall be connected so as to discharge through
a grease interceptor.
Water shall be supplied to all dishwashing machines
and the water lines shall be protected against backflow by an air
gap or backflow preventer.
A.
Residential dishwashing machines. Residential Dishwashing
Machines may discharge separately into a trap, tailpiece (inlet side)
of the kitchen sink, or the dishwasher connection of a food waste
disposal. The discharge hose shall be installed to a height just below
the counter top before connecting to the drain.
B.
Commercial dishwashing machines. When a commercial
dishwashing machine is located adjacent to a floor drain, the waste
from the dishwashing machine may be connected direct on the sewer
side of the floor drain trap, provided that the drain line from the
dishwashing machine is properly trapped and vented.
A water supply line to an automatic clothes
washer shall be protected against backflow by the use of an air gap
or backflow preventer. The discharge from such a machine shall be
through an air break.
Laundry tray waste outlet. Each compartment
of a laundry tray shall be provided with a waste outlet not less than
1 1/2 inches in diameter and a strainer or crossbar to restrict
the clear opening of the waste outlet.
Garbage can washers shall be separately trapped.
The receptacle receiving the wash from garbage cans shall be provided
with a removable basket or strainer to prevent discharge of large
particles into the building drainage system. Any water supply connection
shall be protected against backflow by an air gap or a backflow prevention
device.
A.
Design and construction. Drinking fountains shall
conform to Air-Conditioning & Refrigeration Institute specifications
for drinking fountains. (ARI Standard 1010-84)
B.
Protection of water supply. Stream projectors shall
be so assembled as to provide an orifice elevation as specified by
Air-Conditioning & Refrigeration Institute Specifications for
drinking fountains. (ARI Standard 1010-84)
A.
Water connections. Baptisteries, ornamental and lily pools, aquaria, ornamental fountain basins, swimming pools, and similar constructions when provided with water supplies shall be protected from backsiphonage as required in Article XV.
B.
Approval. Specialties requiring water and waste connections
shall be submitted for approval of the Administrative Authority.
A.
Floor drain. The floor drain shall be so constructed
that it can be readily cleaned, and the drain inlet shall be easily
accessible at all times. Floor drains subject to backflow shall be
provided with a backwater valve.
In addition to complying with all applicable
provisions of this chapter, all plumbing fixtures installed shall
be in accordance with all applicable Federal and State regulations,
now or hereafter promulgated, regarding water usage and conservation.
