Borough of Millersville, PA Off-Street Parking and Loading

Number of spaces. Each use that is newly developed, enlarged, significantly changed in type or increased in number of establishments shall provide and maintain off-street parking spaces in accordance with Table 6.1 and the regulations of this article. If a fraction of a parking space is required by this section, it shall be rounded to the nearest whole number.

Uses not listed. Uses not specifically listed in Table 6.1 shall comply with the requirements for the most-similar use listed in Table 6.1, unless the applicant proves to the satisfaction of the Zoning Hearing Board that an alternative standard should be used for that use.

Multiple uses. Where a proposed lot contains or includes more than one type of use, the number of parking spaces required shall be the sum of the parking requirements for each separate use.

Parking landscaping. See §§ 380-57 and 380-58 of this chapter.

Table 6.1
Off-Street Parking Requirements
Use			Number of Off-Street Parking Spaces Required	Plus One Off-Street Parking Space for Each
A.	Residential uses
	1.	Dwelling unit, other than types listed separately in this table	2 per dwelling unit. If desired, 1 space may be in a garage and 1 space in a driveway, except as follows: - For housing on a university campus or university-affiliated housing, a minimum average of 1 off-street parking space shall be provided for every 2 persons residing in the housing.
	2.	Home occupation	See § 380-34
	3.	Housing permanently restricted to persons 62 years and older and/or the physically handicapped (other than retirement community)	1 per dwelling/ rental unit, except 0.4 per dwelling/rental unit if evidence is presented that the non-physically-handicapped persons will clearly primarily be over 70 years old	Nonresident employee
	4.	Boardinghouse	1 per rental unit or bed for adult, whichever is greater	Nonresident employee
	5.	Group home	See § 380-34
	6.	Dormitory	1 per 2 residents
B.	Institutional uses
	1.	Place of worship or church	1 per 5 seats in room of largest capacity	Employee
	2.	Hospital	1 per 3 beds	1.2 employees
	3.	Nursing home	1 per 5 beds	1.2 employees
	4.	Assisted-living facility/personal-care center	1 per 4 beds	1.2 employees
	5.	Day-care center	1 per 10 children, with spaces designed for safe and convenient drop-off and pickup	1.2 employees
	6.	School, primary or secondary	1 per 4 students aged 16 or older	Employee
	7.	Utility facility	1 per vehicle routinely needed to service facility
	8.	College, university or trade school	1 per 2 students not living on-campus or in adjacent university-affiliated housing; plus required spaces for on-campus housing	1 per employee on campus at peak times. See also provisions in § 380-44C in case of an existing parking deficit.
	9.	Library, community center, cultural center or museum	1 per 5 seats (or 1 per 250 square feet of floor area accessible to patrons and/or users if seats are not typically provided)	Employee
	10.	Treatment center	1 per 2 residents aged 16 years or older plus 1 per nonresident intended to be treated on site at peak times	Nonresident employee
	11.	Swimming pool, nonhousehold	1 per 50 square feet of water surface, other than wading pools	Employee
	12.	Alternative school [Added 11-24-2009 by Ord. No. 2009-9]	1 per 2 students	Employee
C.	Commercial uses		All commercial uses, as applicable, shall provide additional parking or storage needed for the maximum number of vehicles stored, displayed or based at the lot at any point in time. These additional spaces are not required to meet the stall size and parking aisle width requirements of this chapter.
	1.	Auto service station or repair garage	5 per repair/service bay and 1/4 per fuel nozzle, with such spaces separated from accessways to pumps	Employee; plus any parking needed for a convenience store under "retail sales"
	2.	Auto, boat, recreational vehicle or manufactured home sales	1 per 15 vehicles, boats, RVs or homes displayed	Employee
	3.	Bed-and-breakfast use	1 per rental unit plus the 2 per dwelling unit	Nonresident employee
	4.	Bowling alley	2 per lane plus 2 per pool table	1.2 employees
	5.	Car wash	Adequate waiting and drying areas	1.2 employees
	6.	Financial institution (includes bank)	1 per 200 square feet of floor area accessible to customers, plus office parking for any administrative offices	1.2 employees
	7.	Funeral home	1 per 5 seats in rooms intended to be in use at one time for visitors, counting both permanent and temporary seating	Employee
	8.	Miniature golf	1 per hole	1.2 employees
	9.	Haircutting/ hairstyling	1 per customer seat used for haircutting, hairstyling, manicuring or similar work	1.2 employees
	10.	Hotel or motel	1 per rental unit plus 1 per 4 seats in any meeting room (plus any required by any restaurant)	1.2 employees
	11.	Laundromat	1 per 3 washing machines	On-site employee
	12.	Offices or clinic, medical/dental	5 per physician or physician's assistant or 3 per dentist or chiropractor	1.2 employees
	13.	Offices, other than above	1 per 300 square feet of total floor area
	14.	Personal service use, other than haircutting/hairstyling (minimum of 2 per establishment)	1 per 200 square feet of floor area accessible to customers	1.2 employees
	15.	Indoor recreation (other than bowling alley), membership club or exercise club	1 per 4 persons of maximum capacity of all facilities	1.2 employees
	16.	Outdoor recreation (other than uses specifically listed in this table)	1 per 4 persons of capacity (50% may be on grass overflow areas with major driveways in gravel)	1.2 employees
	17.	Restaurant	1 per 4 seats, or 3 spaces for a use without customer seats	1.2 employees
	18.	Retail sales (other than types separately listed)	1 per 200 square feet of floor area of rooms accessible to customers
	19.	Retail sales of only furniture, lumber, carpeting, bedding or floor covering	1 per 400 square feet of floor area of rooms accessible to customers
	20.	Tavern	1 per 30 square feet of total floor area	1.2 employees
	21.	Theater or auditorium	1 per 4 seats, 1/2 of which may be met by convenient parking shared with other business uses on the same lot that are typically not routinely open beyond 9:00 p.m.	1.2 employees
	22.	Trade/hobby school	1 per 2 students on site during peak use	1.2 employees
	23.	Veterinarian office	4 per veterinarian	1.2 employees
D.	Industrial uses		In addition to parking or storage needed for the maximum number of vehicles stored, displayed or based at the lot at any point in time, which spaces are not required to meet the stall size and aisle width requirements of this chapter
	1.	All industrial uses (including warehousing, distribution and manufacturing)	1 per 1.2 employees, based upon the maximum number of employees on site at peak period of times
	2.	Self-storage development	1 per 25 storage units, plus spaces for any outdoor storage of vehicles	1.2 employees

§ 380-44 General regulations for off-street parking.

General. Parking spaces, aisles and driveways shall be laid out to result in safe and orderly use and to fully take into account all of the following: vehicular access onto and off the site, vehicular movement within the site, loading areas, pedestrian patterns and any drive-through facilities. No parking area shall cause a safety hazard or impediment to traffic off the lot.

Existing parking. Any parking spaces serving such preexisting structures or uses at the time of adoption of this chapter shall not in the future be reduced in number below the number required by this chapter.

Change in use or expansion. A structure or use in existence at the effective date of this chapter that expands or changes in use of an existing principal building shall be required to provide all of the required parking for the entire size and type of the resulting use, except as follows:

If an existing lawful use includes less parking than would be required, then that deficit of parking shall be grandfathered for new uses. For example, if an existing store included three parking spaces and was required to provide seven spaces, there is a deficit of four spaces. Therefore, if that store is converted to an office that would need 10 spaces, the office would need to provide a total of six spaces (10 minus the preexisting deficit of four).

(a)

However, if a use has a deficit of more than 25 parking spaces at the time of adoption of this chapter, then the deficit in required parking spaces shall be resolved over time. For each 1,000 square feet of new or expanded enclosed indoor building space (not including walkways connecting buildings), one additional parking space shall be required beyond the number of spaces that would otherwise be required, until the deficit in spaces no longer exists.

If a nonresidential building has a one-time expansion of up to 300 square feet of building floor area beyond what existed at the time of adoption of this chapter, then no additional parking is required.

Continuing obligation of parking and loading spaces. All required numbers of parking spaces and off-street loading spaces shall be available as long as the use or building which the spaces serve still exists, and such spaces shall not be reduced in number below the minimum required by this chapter. No required parking area or off-street loading spaces shall be used for any other use (such as storage or display of materials) that interferes with the area's availability for parking.

Location of parking.

Required off-street parking spaces shall be on the same lot or abutting lot with the principal use served, unless the applicant proves to the satisfaction of the Zoning Hearing Board that a method of providing the spaces is guaranteed to be available during all of the years the use is in operation within 300 feet walking distance from the entrance of the principal use being served. Such distance may be increased to 500 feet for employee parking of a nonresidential use. A written and signed lease shall be provided.

(a)

The Zoning Hearing Board may require that the use be approved for period of time consistent with the lease of the parking and that a renewal of the permit shall only be approved if the parking lease is renewed.

See also parking limitations along certain streets in § 380-28C.

Flexibility in parking. As a special exception, an applicant may prove to the satisfaction of the Zoning Hearing Board that the minimum amount of off-street parking should be modified for a specific application because of one or more of the following characteristics:

The applicant proves that parking will be shared with another use that will reduce the total amount of parking needed because the uses have different peak times of parking need and that there is a legally guaranteed method to make sure that the parking will continue to be available during all of the years that the use is in operation; or

The applicant proves that the parking demand for a particular use is unusually low because of some unusual and peculiar characteristic of the use.

§ 380-45 Design standards for off-street parking.

General requirements.

Backing onto a street. No parking area shall be designed to require or encourage parked vehicles to back into a public street in order to leave a parking space, except for a single-family or two-family dwelling with its access onto a local street or parking court. Parking spaces may back onto an alley.

Every required parking space shall be designed so that each motor vehicle may proceed to and from the parking space provided for it without requiring the moving of any other vehicle, except for spaces serving a single-family, twin or townhouse dwelling.

Parking areas shall not be within a required buffer yard or street right-of-way.

Separation from street. Except for parking spaces immediately in front of individual dwellings, all areas for off-street parking, off-street loading and unloading and the storage or movement of motor vehicles shall be physically separated from the street by a continuous grass or landscaped planting strip, except for necessary and approved vehicle entrances and exits to the lot.

(5)

Stacking and obstructions. Each lot shall provide adequate area upon the lot to prevent backup of vehicles on a public street while awaiting entry to the lot or while waiting for service at a drive-through facility.

Size and marking of parking spaces.

Each parking space shall be a rectangle with a minimum width of 9 feet and a minimum length of 18 feet, except the minimum length shall be 22 feet for parallel parking.

[Amended 10-27-2009 by Ord. No. 2009-7]

If a parking area includes 15 or more spaces, then a maximum of 20% of the space may include a rectangle with a minimum width of nine feet and a minimum length of 16 feet. Such spaces shall be clearly marked "For Compact Cars Only" and shall not include the most-desirable spaces within the parking area.

For handicapped spaces, see Subsection G below.

All spaces shall be marked to indicate their location, except those of a one- or two-family dwelling.

Aisles.

Each aisle providing for one-way traffic to access parking stalls shall have the following minimum width:

	Angle of Parking	Minimum Aisle Width (feet)
	Parallel or 30°	12
	45°	14
	60°	18
	90°	20

Each aisle providing access to stalls for two-way traffic shall be a minimum of 24 feet in width, except a width of 20 feet may be allowed for parking areas with spaces that are parallel or involve an angle of parking of 45° or less.

Access drives and driveways.

Width of driveway/accessway at entrance onto a public street, at the edge of the cartway.

		One-Way Use (feet)	Two-Way Use (feet)
	Minimum	12*	25*
	Maximum	20*	30*

NOTE: Unless a different standard is required by PennDOT for an entrance to a state road, or the applicant proves to the satisfaction of the Zoning Officer that a wider width is needed for tractor-trailer trucks.

Drainage. Adequate provisions shall be made to maintain uninterrupted parallel drainage along a public street at the point of driveway entry. The Borough may require an applicant to install an appropriate type and size of pipe at a driveway crossing.

Paving, grading and drainage.

Parking and loading facilities, including driveways, shall be graded and adequately drained to prevent erosion or excessive water flow across streets or adjoining properties.

Except for landscaped areas, all portions of required parking, loading facilities and driveways shall be surfaced with asphalt or concrete or paving block or a pervious parking material that is determined by the Borough Engineer to be suitable..

Lighting of parking areas. See "light and glare control" in Article V.[1]

[1]

Editor's Note: See § 380-42, Control of light and glare.

Handicapped parking.

Number of spaces. Any lot including four or more off-street parking spaces, except a parking lot for a single-family dwelling or a two-family dwelling, shall include a minimum of one handicapped space. The following number of handicapped spaces shall be provided, unless a revised regulation is officially established under the Federal Americans With Disabilities Act:

[Amended 10-27-2009 by Ord. No. 2009-7]

	Total Number of Parking Spaces on the Lot	Required Minimum Number/Percent of Handicapped Parking Spaces
	1 to 25	1
	26 to 50	2
	51 to 75	3
	76 to 100	4
	101 to 150	5
	151 to 200	6
	201 to 300	7
	301 to 400	8
	401 to 500	9
	501 to 1,000	2% of required number of spaces
	1,001 or more	20 plus 1% of required number of spaces over 1,000

Location. Handicapped parking spaces shall be located where they would result in the shortest reasonable accessible distance to a handicapped-accessible building entrance. Curb cuts shall be provided as needed to provide access from the handicapped spaces.

Minimum size. Each required handicapped parking space shall be eight feet by 18 feet. In addition, each space shall be adjacent to a five-foot-wide access aisle. Such access aisle may be shared by two handicapped spaces by being placed between them. However, one out of every eight required handicapped parking spaces shall have an adjacent access aisle of eight feet in width instead of five feet.