A.
Standards herein show typical cross sections for each of the three
classifications of roads. These give the required design, dimensions
and construction details which are applicable to a particular classification.
Figure 1 is a comparative summary sheet which lists the major items
of construction for all classifications of roads, which may be useful
as a checklist of requirements.[1]
[1]
Editor's Note: Figure 1 is included as an attachment to this chapter.
B.
The developer shall design and construct roads which shall conform
to both the specific and the general specifications.
A.
The developer shall establish and clearly mark on site the limits
of road rights-of-way and easements, the center line and grades of
the road pavement and the location and elevation of storm drainage
systems in accordance with the approved plans. Such markers shall
be maintained at the developer's expense until the construction of
all required improvements within the right-of-way limits have been
completed, inspected and approved as hereinbefore required.
A.
The developer shall complete the shaping of the road rights-of-way,
streams and ditches and easement areas to the line and grade as shown
on the approved plans and as otherwise may be directed by the Town
Superintendent of Highways. All unsuitable or unstable materials shall
be completely excavated and removed from the rights-of-way, and all
rock or boulders larger than six inches in diameter shall be excavated
at least 12 inches below the finished subgrade of road pavement, drainage
or drainage structures, curbs and sidewalks.
B.
Where fills are necessary to complete the required line and grade
or to backfill trenches or other excavation, the materials incorporated
in the work shall be acceptable to the Town Superintendent of Highways
and shall be placed in layers not exceeding eight inches in depth,
each layer to be thoroughly compacted by rolling with three-wheel,
sheepsfoot, pneumatic-tired or padded-wheel roller or by impact rammer
or vibrator equipment in areas inaccessible to power rollers. All
compaction shall continue until the fills are firm and unyielding.
Special care shall be exercised in placing and compacting material
immediately adjacent to pipes in order to avoid damage to the pipe
and to prevent pipe misalignment.
C.
The areas between the curbing or shoulder edge and the right-of-way
line must be graded and seeded in order to prevent erosion.
D.
The rough grade of the road pavement, curb and sidewalk areas shall
be completed to within one inch above or below finished subgrade as
shown on the approved cross section of the right-of-way improvement.
E.
Earth shoulders and flow line of ditches and gutters shall be maintained
in satisfactory condition at the developer's expense at all times
during the course of construction of the subdivision and until such
time as the Town Board has accepted dedication of the rights-of-way.
A.
It is the intent of this specification that all disturbed areas within
the right-of-way due to highway construction and placement of utilities
shall be restored to conditions acceptable to the Town.
B.
The removal of all equipment and parts, junk, rubbish, excess material,
debris of all kinds and trees damaged beyond repair shall be included
in the restoration work.
C.
All unpaved areas within highway rights-of-way and newly created
or stripped earth slopes shall be seeded and mulched as specified
on approved plans or as required by the Town Highway Superintendent.
A.
The width of the trench in which the pipe is placed shall be sufficient
to permit thorough tamping of the backfill under the haunches and
around the pipe. Where rock, in either boulder or ledge formation,
is encountered, it shall be removed below grade and replaced with
suitable materials in such a manner as to provide an earth cushion
having a thickness under the pipe of not less than eight inches; and
where there are excessively heavy fills over the top of the pipe,
the Town Superintendent of Highways may specify that an earth cushion
up to 1/2 inch in thickness per foot of fill be placed under the base
of the pipe. In no case shall the top of any drainage pipe be less
than 12 inches below the finished grade of the pavement. Where soft,
spongy or other unstable soil is encountered at the grade established,
all such unstable soil under the pipe and for a width of one pipe
diameter on each side of the pipe shall be removed and replaced with
run-of-bank gravel or other acceptable material. In all cases, the
bed shall be thoroughly compacted and shall provide a firm foundation
for the pipe.
B.
Pipe shall be laid to true line and grade on the prepared bed of
the trench. Pipelaying shall begin at the downstream end and progress
upstream. All connections for making field joints in corrugated metal
pipe shall consist of corrugated metal bands so constructed as to
lap on equal portions of each of the pipe sections to be connected.
In making field connections of reinforced concrete pipe, all joints
shall be made with watertight gaskets (ASTM C443-59T).
D.
Any additional drainage facilities not shown on the approved plan
and which may be ordered by the Town Superintendent of Highways or
the Town Engineer shall be constructed by the developer at the developer's
expense and in accordance with these specifications.
A.
Storm drain and culvert pipe may be of either corrugated metal or
reinforced concrete with a minimum diameter of 15 inches. The minimum
velocity of all piping shall be three feet per second when flowing
full.
B.
Round corrugated metal pipe and oblate corrugated metal pipe shall
conform to the current Public Works Specifications of the State of
New York, Department of Transportation, Division of Construction,
with the following exceptions:
(1)
All corrugated metal pipe shall be completely coated with bituminous
material or polymer coated.
(2)
All collars or connecting bands shall be 12 inches wide and
shall be furnished with bolts six inches long.
(3)
Reinforced concrete pipe shall conform to the current Public
Works Specifications of the State of New York, Department of Transportation,
Division of Construction.
C.
All reinforced concrete pipe shall be manufactured with slip joints
or bell-and-spigot joints.
D.
Each piece of reinforced concrete pipe shall be marked with the specification
number and the date of manufacture.
E.
Height of the fill and pipe classes shall be designed to meet the
minimum requirements of H-20 Highway Loading.
A.
Whenever a drainpipe begins or ends in an open ditch, pond or stream,
inlet and outlet end shall be designed to protect embankments and
channels and to preserve the hydraulic efficiency of the pipe.
C.
Prefabricated end sections shall be of similar material and construction
to the pipe. End sections shall be connected to the pipe in the same
manner as pipe sections are connected.
A.
Underdrains shall be perforated-metal type and placed in trenches
and surrounded by material which is both pervious to water and capable
of protecting the surrounding soil from the pipe infiltration. Drains
shall be sized and placed in accordance with the requirements of the
Town Superintendent of Highways or the Town Engineer.
B.
Underdrains must be sloped positively to an outlet such as a drainage
channel or a closed drainage system.
C.
Figures 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 show the installation of underdrain for
the purpose of draining of pavement sections.[1] These details may be modified to apply to specific conditions.
However, the following criteria should be considered: the underdrains
should be placed at the interface of the pavement and shoulder or
curb and should intercept the water from the highest waterbearing
layer of the pavement section.
[1]
Editor's Note: Figures 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 are included as attachments to this chapter.
A.
General.
(1)
Figures 6, 7 and 8 show the minimum acceptable construction
for typical catch basins and manholes.[1] Whenever, in the opinion of the Town Superintendent of
Highways or the Town Engineer, ground conditions or other circumstances
require it, larger or heavier materials, additional materials, reinforcing
or other modifications and improvements in design and construction
shall be made as directed by either of those Town representatives
prior to paving.
[1]
Editor's Note: Figures 6, 7 and 8 are included as attachments to this chapter.
(2)
Catch basins shall be constructed at all low points in the vertical
curves, points of change of slope or alignment of piping and at all
piping junction points. At no time shall catch basins be spaced farther
apart than 400 feet on road grades of less than 3%, 300 feet on road
grades from 3% to 6% and 250 feet on road grades over 6% in steepness.
(3)
When the diameter of the inlet pipe is greater than that of
an outlet pipe, the elevation of the top of the inlet pipe shall be
no lower than the elevation of the top of the outlet pipe.
(4)
When the diameter of the outlet pipe is the same as or smaller
than that of an inlet pipe, the elevation of the invert of the inlet
pipe shall be no lower than the elevation of the invert of the outlet
pipe. In no case shall the top of any inlet pipe be more than five
feet above the invert of the outlet pipe.
(5)
Holes for catch basins shall be excavated to a depth of at least
36 inches below the designated elevation of the invert of the outlet
pipe. Crushed stone or run-of-bank gravel to a uniform depth of nine
inches leveled and compacted over the entire area under the base shall
be laid in the hole.
B.
Built-up catch basins.
(1)
An eight-inch-thick slab of one-to-two-to-four mix portland
cement concrete shall be placed on a stone or gravel base. The slab
shall extend a minimum of four inches beyond the outside of the walls
of the catch basin on every side. The slab shall be smooth and level.
(2)
To a maximum depth of 10 feet below the finished surface, the
catch basin walls shall be constructed of solid concrete catch basin
corner- and stretcherblocks eight inches thick.
(3)
Below 10 feet from the finished surface, the catch basin walls
shall be 12 inches thick and shall be constructed of concrete block
conforming to ASTM Designation C-139. All hollows in or between blocks
in each course shall be completely filled with mortar before the succeeding
course is laid so that finished wall is solid.
(4)
All blocks forming the catch basin walls shall be laid up with
mortar composed of portland cement and mortar sand in the proportion
one to two.
(5)
Inside dimensions of the catch basin shall remain constant from
top to bottom and shall match the frame opening of the curb inlet
to be used.
(6)
Concrete blocks around all pipes entering or leaving catch basins
shall be cut to fit the contours of the pipes as closely as possible.
Remaining interstices shall be solidly filled with mortar for the
full thickness of the wall. Ends of all pipes shall be cut off flush
with the inside surface of the catch basin walls.
C.
Precast catch basins. Suitable precast catch basin units, as approved
by the Town Superintendent of Highways and the Town Engineer, may
be substituted. [Refer to Figure 6.[2]]
[2]
Editor's Note: Figure 6 is included as an attachment to this chapter.
D.
Steps. Catch basins shall be provided with steps. Steps shall be
of aluminum alloy having a minimum diameter of 3/4 inch, which shall
be hot-bent to shape. They shall be solidly set in the masonry at
the time of construction and shall extend all the way through the
wall. The steps shall extend 4 1/2 inches inside the wall of
the catch basin. The top step shall be not more than 18 inches below
the finished surface and thence to the base steps shall be no more
than 18 inches apart.
After completion of rough grading and prior to the laying of
the foundation course, the subgrade shall be shaped to line and grade
and thoroughly compacted with an approved self-propelled roller weighing
not less than 10 tons. All hollows and depressions which develop under
rolling shall be filled with acceptable granular material and again
rolled, this process to be continued until no depressions develop.
The subgrade shall not be muddy or otherwise unsatisfactory when the
foundation course is laid upon it. Any soft or unstable portions of
the subgrade which develop under the roller shall be completely excavated
and removed from the right-of-way and shall be replaced with acceptable
granular material and the area regraded and compacted as above.
Before fine grading or construction of curbs and sidewalks is
started, all storm and sanitary sewers and all utilities, including
house connections and hydrants, shall have been installed at the locations
shown on the standard details, and all fill and backfill shall have
been thoroughly compacted to the satisfaction of the Town Superintendent
of Highways and the Town Engineer.
A.
Fine grade shall conform to the prescribed width of pavement and
shall extend equidistant from the center line of the road right-of-way
and shall conform to the typical cross sections of the road pavement
and to the line and grade on approved plans.
B.
After the fine grade and all curbs have been constructed to the satisfaction
of the Town Superintendent of Highways, the developer shall furnish
and place a foundation course of approved run-of-bank gravel, crusher
run stone or crusher run gravel, to the depths as called for in these
specifications. All materials acceptable for these courses shall be
hard, durable and sound and shall be well graded from coarse to fine.
The maximum diameter of the large particles shall not exceed 2/3 of
the thickness of the compacted foundation course and 90% to 100% by
weight of the particles shall be of such size as will pass through
a four-inch square hole. The maximum particle size permitted in the
three-inch graded gravel course is two inches in largest dimension.
Not more than 70% by weight shall pass the No. 40 mesh sieve, and
not more than 10% by weight shall pass the No. 200 mesh sieve.
C.
The materials shall be placed on the finished subgrade by means of
mechanical spreaders in four-inch layers and shall be thoroughly compacted
by rolling with a self-propelled ten-ton roller. Water shall be added
to the materials in such amounts as the Town Superintendent of Highways
and Town Engineer may consider necessary for proper compaction. After
compaction, the course shall be true to grade and cross sections,
and any depressions shall be eliminated by the use of additional granular
materials, thoroughly rolled in place. In all cases, the foundation
course shall be so thoroughly compacted that it will not heave under
the roller, and the total depth after compaction shall not be less
than 12 inches.
A.
Time of work. Paving shall be performed between the dates of May
1 and October 31 except as may be authorized, in writing, by the Town
Superintendent of Highways.
B.
Major/through roads.
(1)
After the twelve-inch foundation course has been inspected and
approved by the Town Superintendent of Highways and the Town Engineer,
a four-and-one-half-inch compacted depth asphaltic concrete base course
conforming to current New York State Department of Transportation
specifications shall be uniformly spread by a self-propelled mechanical
spreader with tamping bars and heating unit. Compaction shall be accomplished
through the use of a ten-ton roller.
(2)
After the base course has been completed and thoroughly cleaned
of foreign material and a tack coat of asphalt emulsion applied to
the surface at the rate of one-tenth to two-tenths gallon per square
yard in the event that the base course has been subjected to traffic
for an extended period of time, a one-and-one-half-inch (compacted
depth) final wearing course shall be uniformly spread by a self-propelled
mechanical spreader equipped with tamping bars and heating unit. Compaction
of the wearing course shall be accomplished through the use of a two-
or three-wheel tandem roller weighing 10 tons. Figure 2 of the standard
details shows a typical major road section.[1]
[1]
Editor's Note: Figure 2 is included as an attachment to this chapter.
(3)
Extreme care shall be exercised in the placing of asphaltic
concrete to ensure that all longitudinal joints shall be lapped in
the placing of adjoining strips and that all lateral joints are trimmed
before continuing with the placing of additional materials on that
strip.
C.
Commercial roads.
(1)
After the twelve-inch foundation course has been inspected and
approved by the Town Superintendent of Highways and the Town Engineer,
a four-inch compacted depth asphaltic concrete base course conforming
to current New York State Department of Transportation specifications
shall be uniformly spread by a self-propelled mechanical spreader
with tamping bars and heating unit Compaction shall be accomplished
through the use of a ten-ton roller.
(2)
After the base course has been completed and thoroughly cleaned
of foreign material and a tack coat of asphalt emulsion applied to
the surface at the rate of one-tenth to two-tenths gallon per square
yard in the event that the base course has been subjected to traffic
for an extended period of time, a two-and-one-half-inch (compacted
depth) final wearing course shall be uniformly spread by a self-propelled
mechanical spreader equipped with tamping bars and heating unit. Compaction
of the wearing course shall be accomplished through the use of a two-
or three-wheel tandem roller weighing 10 tons. Figure 3 of the standard
details show a typical commercial road section.[2]
[2]
Editor's Note: Figure 3 is included as an attachment to this chapter.
D.
Local roads.
(1)
Local roads shall be constructed in the same manner as major
and commercial roads, except that the base course shall consist of
three inches of asphalt concrete and the wearing course shall consist
of 1 1/2 inches of asphalt concrete. Typical local road sections
are shown in Figures 4 and 5 in the standard details.[3]
[3]
Editor's Note: Figures 4 and 5 are included as attachments to this chapter.
(2)
In areas where lot frontages are consistently greater than 200
feet, the detail of a Type B road may be used, indicating the use
of asphaltic concrete curbing, which is to be applied after pavement
installation. Where lot frontages are consistently equal to or less
than 200 feet, the detail of Type A road shall be used, indicating
the use of cast-in-place concrete curbs installed prior to pavement
installation.
A.
Portland cement concrete curbs shall be constructed on both sides
of the road as shown on Figures 3 and 4 and to the dimensions and
specifications shown in Figure 9.[1] Precast curbing may be used as approved by the Town Engineer.
[1]
Editor's Note: Figures 3, 4 and 9 are included as attachments to this chapter.
B.
Concrete shall be finished and cured to the satisfaction of the Town
Superintendent of Highways and the Town Engineer. The developer shall,
at his own expense, replace any curbing damaged before dedication
and any curb which proved defective or is damaged by his operations
during the one-year maintenance period.
C.
Asphalt concrete curbs shall be constructed on both sides of the
road as shown in Figure 5 to the dimensions and specifications shown
in Figure 10.[2]
[2]
Editor's Note: Figures 5 and 10 are included as attachments to this chapter.
A.
Whenever required by the Town Planning Board, the developer shall
construct sidewalks on both sides of roads as shown on the standard
sheet. Sidewalks shall be constructed of portland cement concrete
in accordance with Figures 11 and 12.[1]
[1]
Editor's Note: Figures 11 and 12 are included as attachments to this chapter.
B.
Concrete sidewalks shall be four inches thick and shall be of one-to-two-to-three
mix, with air entertainment of 6%, by volume. Cement concrete sidewalks
shall be reinforced with No. 66-66 welded-wire fabric placed two inches
from bottom of slab and shall be poured in one course, vibrated, properly
screeded, finished to true grade and cured.
C.
All sidewalks shall be constructed on a base of approved gravel or
crushed stone of at least four inches' depth. Sidewalks shall be constructed
with a transverse slope of 1/4 inch per foot toward the traveled way,
except that the slope may be away from the traveled way if the runoff
will not affect adjacent properties. The longitudinal slope of a sidewalk
shall not exceed 10%.
D.
Where vehicular traffic is anticipated to cross an area of sidewalk,
the following specification shall apply: Cement concrete sidewalks
shall be six inches thick and shall be mixed, reinforced and placed
on a six-inch base in accordance with the specifications above.
The developer shall construct all road intersections in accordance
with Figures 13, 14 and 22 of the standard details.[1]
[1]
Editor's Note: Figures 13, 14 and 22 are included as attachments to this chapter.
The developer shall furnish and install a road name sign at
every road intersection made by the roads he constructs in accordance
with Figure 15 of these specifications; names shall be approved by
the Town Highway Superintendent.[1]
[1]
Editor's Note: Figure 15 is included as an attachment to this chapter.
A.
Monuments shall be set on all right-of-way lines of roads at all
road intersections, angle points, points of curvature and subdivision
corners. There shall be a clear foresight and backsight to adjacent
monuments on the right-of-way line or lines on which a monument is
set. Monuments shall be of cut granite, free from imperfections, or
of concrete, as shown on Figure 16 of the detail sheets.[1]
[1]
Editor's Note: Figure 16 is included as an attachment to this chapter.
B.
Monuments shall not be set before final grading has been completed,
nor shall they be set while frost is in the ground. They shall be
so set and tamped as to prevent settlement or shifting.
C.
The developer's licensed Land Surveyor shall certify that the location
of all monuments is accurate before acceptance of the road by the
Town Board.
A.
Type and need for guide rail installation shall be approved by the
Town Superintendent of Highways and/or the Town Engineer, General
guidelines for determining the need for guide rails are shown below.
(1)
Height of dropoff from break of road shoulder slope to the toe
of slope. Slopes less than one on two with height dropoff more than
four feet will require guide rail installation. Slopes one on two
having a height of dropoff more than 10 feet will be protected with
guide rail.
B.
Guide rail installation shall be in accordance with Corrugated Beam
Guide Railing and Box Beam Guide Railing Sections of current Standard
Specifications of New York State Department of Transportation. Figures
17, 18 and 19 are typical details of such guide railing to be used
in design construction.[1]
[1]
Editor's Note: Figures 17, 18 and 19 are included as attachments to this chapter.
A.
Drainage. Where permanent drainage easements between building lots
are granted to the Town, the developer must install drainage pipe
in the center of said easements from the catch basin or ditch line
to a point opposite the rear of the houses on the adjoining lots or
for a distance of at least 100 feet, whichever distance is greater,
unless otherwise specified by the Town Superintendent of Highways
or Town Engineer. Drainage easements must have a minimum width of
20 feet, which shall be provided for in the approved plan.
B.
Snow. Where required by the Town Superintendent of Highways, easements
shall be established for the storage of snow removed from the road
pavement during plowing operations. These shall be at the locations
and of dimensions set forth by the Town Superintendent of Highways.
A.
With the approval of the Town Superintendent of Highways and the
Town Engineer, open ditches may be used in lieu of storm drain pipes
when the grade of the land traversed is flat or when it is desirable
to drain and dry up the surrounding area.
B.
Open ditches shall be constructed in accordance with the standard
sheet of these specifications, but in no case shall the grade of an
open ditch exceed 6%. Riprap, when called for, shall consist of field
stone or rough, unhewn quarry stones as nearly cubical in form as
is practicable, placed upon a slope not steeper than one to two and
so laid that the weight of the large stones is carried by the soil
and not by the stone adjacent. All stones shall weigh 50 to 150 pounds
each, and at least 60% of them shall weigh more than 100 pounds each.
The largest stones shall be placed first, roughly arranged and in
close contact. The spaces between the larger stones shall be filled
with spalls of suitable size.
C.
Whenever a drainpipe enters an open ditch at an end wall or end section
(refer to Figure 23 or 24[1]), the bottom and sides of the ditch shall be riprapped
for a distance of at least 30 feet beyond the end of the pipe.
[1]
Editor's Note: Figures 23 and 24 are included as attachments to this chapter.
Roof and cellar drains shall in no case be allowed to flow onto
the road rights-of-way. With the approval of the Town Superintendent
of Highways and the Town Engineer, in writing, these drains may be
piped to and connected to the nearest catch basin of the road storm
drainage system. Such drains must be installed prior to the start
of final grading of the roads.
Wherever a permanent dead end is allowed on a subdivision road,
a turnaround shall be constructed. This turnaround shall take the
form of a circle as required by the Town Planning Board and shall
be constructed as shown in Figure 20.[1] A temporary type of construction shall be used only when
authorized by the Town Planning Board because of the foreseeable future
extension of the road. Temporary culs-de-sac shall be similar in shape
and construction to permanent units; however, the right-of-way in
excess of that required for the road type will revert back to the
adjoining lots on which the temporary cul-de-sac extends.
[1]
Editor's Note: Figure 20 is included as an attachment to this chapter.
A.
Roads shall be so designed that finished tangent grades will not
be less than 1% or greater than 10%.
B.
Every change in grade shall be effected with a vertical curve of
sufficient length to ensure adequate stopping sight distance and to
provide for smooth transition. These vertical curves shall be designed
in accordance with the graph shown in Figure 21.[1]
[1]
Editor's Note: Figure 21 is included as an attachment to this chapter.
When existing streams must be crossed by proposed roads, culvert sizing shall be predicted on the criteria set forth in Chapter 132, Subdivision of Land, or as required by the Town Engineer. Hydraulic computations shall be submitted as part of the plan approval.
All signs, signals, markings and other control devices for maintenance
and protection of traffic shown on approved plans and authorized by
the Town Engineer shall be erected by the developer in accordance
with the New York State Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices.
