[Adopted 10-19-1987]
These regulations and specifications shall be
known and may be cited as "Lake City Borough Specifications for Road,
Street and Storm Sewer Construction."
The purpose of these specifications is to supplement
the Lake City Borough Subdivision Regulations by providing standards
for road, street and storm sewer construction. It is the intent of
these specifications to help provide guidelines for road and street
design and construction in Lake City Borough. All roads and streets
hereinafter opened and constructed for public travel within Lake City
Borough shall be laid out and constructed in accordance with these
specifications.
B.
The requirements of the Lake City Borough Subdivision
Regulations, applicable sections of PennDOT Publication No. 70 dated
April, 1983 and entitled "Guidelines For Design Of Local Roads and
Streets," plus applicable sections of PennDOT Design Manual 2, "Highway
Design" and PennDOT Publication 408 shall be utilized in designing
roads and streets in Lake City Borough, and are hereby made part of
these specifications. In the event that a conflict should occur, the
Lake City Borough Subdivision Regulations shall take precedence. All
construction methods and materials shall be in accordance with PennDOT
Form 408 specifications, latest edition.
As required by the Lake City Borough Subdivision
Regulations, the design details of roads and streets shall be in accordance
with these specifications. Construction plans and specifications must
be submitted by proposed subdividers or developers to the borough
for review by its Engineer.
A.
Roadway.
(1)
Subgrade. The subgrade shall be prepared in accordance with PennDOT Form 408, Section 210. A sufficient number of test pits or borings shall be made to become familiar with the type of subgrade material which will be encountered. If requested by the borough, California Bearing Ratio (CBR) tests at the rate of one test per every 200 lineal foot of roadway must be performed. Unsuitable material, as specified in Chapter 57, Subdivision and Land Development, shall be removed and replaced.
(2)
Subbase. The subbase shall be designed in accordance with Chapter 57, Subdivision and Land Development. The ordinance requires a minimum six-inch subbase. The thickness must be increased if required by anticipated loadings and design requirements.
(3)
Base and surface. The pavement base and surface courses
shall be designed in accordance with the Pavement Design Guidelines
found in PennDOT Publication 70. A revised copy of those guidelines
is included as Table I below. It must be pointed out that these are
minimum requirements. In most cases, streets located in residential,
low-volume areas shall be designed to "Local Access" standards. However,
there may be circumstances in which a higher street classification
is required. Such circumstances may include projections for high traffic
volume, a high percentage of truck traffic or weak subgrades which
may require a higher grade of pavement. The borough may require a
higher classification of street if it decides it is so warranted.
B.
A pavement different from those found in Table I may
be approved, provided that it is designed in accordance with PennDOT
Design Manual 21 Highway Design Chapter II, Pavement Design, and the
pavement is approved by the Borough Engineer and Council. The design
must be done by a Pennsylvania registered professional engineer and
submitted to the borough for review and approval. The following minimum
design criteria shall be used unless the use of other values are either
ordered or allowed by the borough:
ADT
|
=
|
500
| |
% Trucks
|
=
|
10%
| |
CBR
|
=
|
3
|
Table I
Pavement Design Guidelines
(Minimum Depths)
| ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Functional Classification
Pavement Alternates
|
Local
Access
|
Collectors
|
Arterials
| |
P.C.C. (inches)
|
6
|
6
|
8
| |
Subbase (inches)
|
6
|
6
|
6
| |
| ||||
R.C.C. (inches)
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
6
| |
Subbase (inches)
|
6
| |||
| ||||
ID-2 (inches)
|
3 1/2
|
3 1/2
|
3 1/2
| |
CABC, CABC-DG (inches)
|
6
|
8
|
8
| |
Subbase (inches)
|
6
|
6
|
6
| |
| ||||
ID-2 (inches)
|
3 1/2
|
3 /2
|
3 1/2
| |
Agg-Cem or
|
5
|
5
|
5
| |
A-L-P (inches)
| ||||
Subbase (inches)
|
6
|
6
|
6
| |
| ||||
ID-2 (inches)
|
1 1/2
|
3 1/2
|
3 1/2
| |
BCBC (inches)
|
4 1/2
|
4
|
4
| |
Subbase (inches)
|
6
|
6
|
6
| |
| ||||
ID-2 (inches)
|
1 1/2
|
3 /2
|
3 1/2
| |
Agg B BC (inches)
|
5
|
5
|
5
| |
Subbase (inches)
|
6
|
6
|
6
| |
| ||||
Bituminous Surface
(inches)
|
3/4
|
N/A
|
N/A
| |
Treatment (Section 480)
| ||||
Subbase (inches)
|
6
| |||
|
PCC
|
— Plain Cement Concrete
| |
RCC
|
— Reinforced Cement Concrete
| |
CABC
|
— Crushed Aggregate Base Course
| |
CABC-DG
|
— Crushed Aggregate Base Course
- Dense Graded
| |
A-L-P
|
— Aggregate - Lime - Pozzolan
| |
BCBC
|
— Bituminous Concrete Base
Course
| |
PCCBC
|
— Plain Cement Concrete Base
Course
|
NOTES:
| |||
---|---|---|---|
1.
|
All components of the pavement structure are
to be in accordance with PDT Publication 408. The coarse aggregate
used in bituminous wearing course shall meet the Skid Resistance Level
(SRL) letter designation based an the Daily Traffic as required by
the current Pennsylvania Department of Transportation directive.
| ||
2.
|
Refer to DM-2, Chapter 11 for additional information
on pavement design.
|
C.
Subdrainage.
(1)
Base drains. Pavement base drains shall be laid along
the entire length of all streets. They shall be designed to provide
for drainage of water from the pavement base and subbase. They shall
be designed to run along both sides of the street.
(2)
Blind drains. Blind drains shall be installed at intervals
and locations as determined by the Borough Engineer. The blind drains
shall be installed to drain into the base drains and intersect the
base drains at approximately forty-five-degree angles.
(3)
General. There may be areas of the borough consisting
of naturally well-drained gravel where the subdrainage requirements
may be relaxed. Such cases will be reviewed by the Borough Engineer
upon written request. Any other proposed deviations to these requirements
must be reviewed and approved by the borough.
D.
Storm drainage.
(1)
General. All roadway plans must include facilities for handling stormwater and shall be in compliance with the requirements of Chapter 57, Subdivision and Land Development. All stormwater facilities are subject to the review and approval of the borough.
(2)
Design. All facilities, unless otherwise specified,
shall be designed to handle runoff from a five-year storm without
ponding or backup. Facilities of a major nature such as road culverts
or facilities as may be specified by the borough shall be designed
to handle, at a minimum, runoff from a twenty-five-year-frequency
event. In situations where flooding may cause hazardous situations,
result in loss of life or property or otherwise be unacceptable, the
borough may require design for fifty- or one-hundred-year events.
Design procedures must follow methods generally accepted as being
sound engineering practice. Obscure or unusual design procedures will
not be acceptable unless their use can be justified to the satisfaction
of the Borough Engineer. All designs for new facilities must be performed
by a professional engineer licensed in the State of Pennsylvania and
experienced in the design of stormwater facilities. Exceptions to
this requirement would only apply to the extension of existing facilities
the design of which would not require independent engineering judgment.
A.
General. Unless otherwise specified herein, all construction
methods shall comply with the requirements of the latest edition of
PennDOT Publication 408.
B.
Roadway. The roadway shall be cleared in accordance
with the construction requirements of PennDOT Publication 408, Section
201. In addition, if plans call for the construction of sidewalks,
sufficient width shall also be cleared for their construction.
(1)
Subgrade.
(a)
Follow the construction requirements, as supplemented
herein, of PennDOT Publication 408, Section 210. The subgrade shall
be shaped and graded to a minimum width of the pavement plus two feet.
(b)
In areas of fill, material shall be placed in
lifts not exceeding eight inches loose depth. Material used and construction
requirements shall comply with the Requirements for Embankment as
per Publication 408, Section 206.
(c)
The prepared subgrade shall be protected from
damage due to trucks or any other source and, if damage does occur,
must be satisfactorily reshaped and compacted prior to placement of
the subbase. Subdrains and any other buried utility must be installed
prior to placement of the subbase.
(2)
Subbase. The subbase shall be constructed in accordance
with PennDOT Publication 408, Section 350. It shall have a minimum
thickness of six inches compacted depth. If, for any reason, the cross
slope of the subbase differs from that of the subgrade, the subbase
must be six inches compacted depth at the thinnest point, and thicker
as necessary.
(3)
Base and surface.
(a)
The base and surface courses must be constructed
in accordance with the applicable sections of PennDOT Publication
408. Materials used shall also comply with the applicable sections
of Publication 408.
(b)
The base course shall have been in place for
a minimum of one year before placement of the surface course. The
borough shall be notified prior to installation of the surface course
to arrange for an inspection. If required by the borough, a tack coat
immediately followed by a scratch or leveling course shall be installed.
If the surface is not installed immediately following the scratch
or leveling course, an additional tack coat will be required before
so doing. The surface course shall be constructed of materials and
in a manner in accordance with the applicable sections of PennDOT
Publication 408. The wearing course shall have a minimum compacted
depth of 11/2 inch. Binder courses, if used, shall be constructed
in lifts from two inches minimum to four inches maximum compacted
thickness.
C.
Subdrainage. Subdrainage facilities shall be constructed
in accordance with the applicable sections of PennDOT Publication
408 and PennDOT Publication 721, "Roadway Construction Standards,"
RC-30. In general, the subdrain shall be built as follows: After the
subgrade has been shaped, the subdrain will be installed. The trench
for the subdrain will be a minimum of 15 inches wide and be dug to
a minimum depth of 30 inches below the bottom of the subbase where
possible. A layer of No. 57 in stone in accordance with the gradation
requirements as specified by the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation,
Publication 408, Section 703.2, will be placed to a depth of the three
inches in the bottom of the trench and six-inch corrugated metal pipe
laid in the center of the trench. The entire trench to the top of
the subgrade will be filled with No. 57 stone. Care must be taken
to assure that the stone in the sub or side drain remains clean and
in good contact with the stone or gravel in the subbase. Subdrains
shall generally empty into storm sewer catch basins or manholes and
shall enter at or above the spring line of the main storm sewer line
at that location. The specified depth of subdrain may have to be modified
at and near such catch basins and manholes, but will be brought to
specified depths as quickly as practicable. Blind drains shall be
a minimum of 12 inches wide and a depth of from 12 inches minimum
to 21 inches maximum at the point where they intersect the subdrain.
Blind drains shall be filled with No. 57 stone aggregate.
D.
Storm drainage construction plans submitted to the
borough must include all items relative to the construction of storm
drainage facilities.
(1)
Materials. All materials shall be furnished by an
established and reputable supplier or manufacturer. All materials
shall be guaranteed to perform the service required and shall conform
with the following specifications or shall be a product similar and
equal thereto as approved by the Engineer. Pipe shall conform to the
proper ASTM Specifications and the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation,
Publication 408, and shall be subject to approval by the Engineer.
The following types of pipe are approved for use in Lake City Borough:
(a)
Reinforced concrete. Pipe (RCP), Class IV, ASTM
C-76 or C-507.
(b)
Coated corrugated galvanized steel pipe, Class
I, Type C (10 mil asphalt coating inside and outside).
(c)
Corrugated aluminized steel pipe, AASHTO M36.
Concrete used for encasements, manhole bases and backfill shall be
ready-mixed cement concrete designed for 3,300 psi compressive strength
after 28 days and shall meet all the requirements for Class A concrete
as specified in Section 704 of PennDOT Publication 408. Mortar used
for manholes, catch basins and pipe joints shall be machine-mixed
in an acceptable manner at the site by the contractor and shall consist
of one part Portland cement and 21/2 parts fine aggregate by volume.
Water or other components shall not be introduced into this mix after
removal from the mixer. Select backfill material used for trench backfill
shall consist of a well-graded crushed or bank-run gravel in accordance
with the following specification and should be free of any deleterious
matter.
Select Backfill Gradation Requirements
| ||
Sieve Size
|
Percent Passing By Weight
| |
2-inch
|
100%
| |
No. 4
|
15% to 60%
| |
No. 100
|
10% to 35%
| |
No. 200
|
5% to 20%
|
(2)
Excavation.
(a)
The contractor shall do all excavation of whatever
substance encountered to the depth required to install the sewer to
the lines and grades. The banks of the trench shall be vertical. Width
of the trench allowed shall be 12 inches on each side of the pipe
bell. Excavated material not suitable or not required for fill or
backfill shall be removed from the site and disposed of.
(b)
Excavation for manholes and catch basins shall
allow for only 24 inches of clearance an all sides.
(c)
Excavation shall not be carried below the required
level. Excess excavation shall be backfilled with sand, gravel or
concrete, as directed by the Engineer, and thoroughly tamped.
(d)
Unstable soil shall be removed and replaced
with approved backfill of gravel, crushed stone or crushed slag, which
shall be thoroughly tamped. The Engineer shall determine the depth
of removal of the unstable soil.
(e)
Water which has accumulated in the excavation
shall be removed by pumping or other means approved by the Engineer.
In rock, excavation shall be carried to eight inches below the bottom
of the pipe and select material shall be used to establish the proper
grade. This material shall be as stated in the materials section.
The bottom of the trench shall be rounded so that an arc of the circumference
equal to 0.6 of the outside diameter of the pipe rests on undisturbed
soil. Bell holes shall be excavated accurately to size by hand.
(3)
Laying of pipe. All sewers shall be laid true to line
and grade. The sections of the pipe shall be laid and fitted together
so that when completed, the sewer will have a smooth and uniform invert.
The pipe shall be kept thoroughly clean so that jointing compounds
will adhere. Each pipe shall be inspected for defects before being
lowered into the trench, and if defects are found even after laying
of the pipe is completed, it shall be removed and replaced with a
new pipe. No water shall be allowed in the trench while pipes are
being laid, and the exposed end shall be capped if left in trench
for more than one hour without installing the next section. No more
than 100 feet of trench shall be opened in advance of pipe laying
unless permitted by the Engineer. The interior of the sewer shall
be kept cleared of all dirt as the work progresses. Pipe shall be
laid in the trench beginning at the outlet end and proceed upgrade.
The bell or groove end shall be laid upgrade. The pipe alignment and
grade shall be controlled with suitable string lines, electronic laser
beam or other acceptable method. If a laser is used, the grade shall
be checked every 50 feet.
(4)
Backfill.
(a)
No sewers shall be backfilled above the top
of the pipe until the sewer elevations, gradient, alignment and the
pipe joints have been checked, inspected and approved. No heavy rock
or boulders more than six inches in diameter will be allowed within
three feet of the pipe, and no stones over 11/2 inches in diameter
will be allowed in the first 18 inches of the backfill. No frozen
material shall be used in backfilling.
(b)
All pipe located within the roadway or under
sidewalks shall be backfilled with select material. The material shall
be placed in eight-inch lifts and compacted with mechanical equipment
to a minimum compaction of 95% maximum density as determined by the
standard proctor density test (ASTM D698-78).
(c)
The space between the pipe and the side of the
trench shall be backfilled in four-inch layers and thoroughly mechanically
tamped until a height of one foot above the pipe is reached, and then
layers of six inches will be allowed before the tamping is performed.
Backfill around manholes and catch basins shall be done after all
forms, debris and trash are removed and cleared away. Suitable material
as for trench backfilling shall be placed symmetrically on all sides
in eight-inch layers. When excavated material is not satisfactory
for backfill, special backfill material shall be secured to use in
backfilling operations. All surplus material, unsatisfactory material,
earth, rubbish or other debris shall be hauled away from the site
and disposed of.
(5)
Manholes.
(a)
Manholes shall be precast reinforced concrete
construction with aluminum or plastic coated manhole steps and O-ring
rubber gaskets. Precast manholes shall meet or exceed ASTM Specification
C-478. Eccentric cone top sections shall be used unless a variance
or waiver is furnished, in writing, by the Engineer.
(b)
A poured-in-place eight-inch concrete base of
Class A concrete, as noted in the materials section, shall be constructed
as a leveling pad before the precast manhole can be placed.
(c)
The contractor may, upon written request and
written approval of the Engineer, construct brick or block manholes.
All bricks and blacks shall conform to accepted standards and shall
be new and clean. The brick shall conform to ASTM Specifications C-32,
and the block shall conform to ASTM Specification C-139. Manhole frames
and covers shall be equal to Allegany Foundry Co., frame pattern 650
and cover pattern 651. The frame casting and cover casting shall have
the metal bearing areas that come in contact machine ground to fix-in
pairs, shall be marked as pairs and shall be delivered in pairs.
(6)
Inlets. Inlets shall be precast or of brick and/or
block construction. All bricks and blocks shall conform to accepted
standards and shall be new and clean. Inlets, frames, and grates shall
be PennDOT Type C, Type S or Type M or approved equals.
A.
B.
Testing. All testing specified herein shall be done
at no cost to the borough. These testing requirements are intended
to supplement the testing requirements specified in the applicable
sections of PennDOT Publication 408, latest edition. These requirements
do not relieve the developer or contractor from complying with the
applicable sections of Publication 408.
(1)
Subgrade.
(a)
The compacted subgrade shall have in place density
testing performed at an average spacing of 100 feet along the roadway.
Additional tests will be performed at locations suspected of containing
inadequate compaction.
(b)
Tests shall be performed by personnel familiar
with and thoroughly competent in the performance of the density test.
(c)
Tests shall be performed in the presence of
a representative of the borough.
(2)
Asphalt paving: mix certification shall be supplied
for all asphalt materials.
(3)
Cement concrete: complete mix design shall be submitted
prior to placing any concrete. In addition, the contractor shall perform
an entrained-air-content test and slump test in the presence of a
borough representative before placing any concrete. These tests shall
be performed on each batch of concrete delivered. A minimum of two
concrete cylinders shall be obtained at intervals as requested by
the borough. At a minimum, this would be at the start of work, midday
through the work, and at the end of the workday, for a total of six
cylinders. This does not prohibit the borough from requiring additional
cylinders should it deem it necessary. The cylinders must be stored
on the site in similar conditions as the placed concrete. The cylinders
shall then be tested at an approved testing laboratory.