Township of Middlesex, PA Construction Standards for Public and Private Improvements

Arterial streets. Grading, paving, curbing, underdrains, and berm grading for arterial streets shall be done in accordance with construction standards in Figure 401.2.1.[1]

Editor's Note: Figures 401.2.1 through 416.2 are on file in the Township offices.

Collector streets. Typical section of paving, underdrains and berm grading for collector roads shall be in accordance with the construction standards in Figure 401.2.2. Geometric design shall be in accordance with the appropriate design speed as determined by the Township upon recommendation by the Township Engineer, the design standards in Chapter 150, Subdivision and Land Development, and this chapter.

Collector streets. Inlet installation shall be in accordance with plan view layout and construction standards in Figure 401.2.2.1.

Local streets. Typical section of grading, paving, curbing, underdrains and berm grading for local streets shall be in accordance with the construction standards in Figure 401.2.4.[2]

Editor's Note: Figures 401.2.1 through 416.2 are on file in the Township offices.

Materials. The base course and wearing surface of all streets shall be constructed in accordance with the standards of this chapter, and all materials used shall meet the latest Pennsylvania Department of Transportation specifications. Subbase material containing slag will not be accepted. Additional base course depths may be required as the Township Engineer may determine to be necessary for the type of street that has been proposed.

Subsurface drains. Permanent underdrains of a size and slope to be determined by the engineer shall be installed on the upper or higher side of all streets and in cut areas where they are necessary to prevent the infiltration of water under the paved roadway. All underdrains shall parallel the roadway as nearly as possible and shall be in accordance with the construction standards in Figure 401.2.6.[3]

[3]

Editor's Note: Figures 401.2.1 through 416.2 are on file in the Township offices.

Shoulders. Street shoulders shall be graded for the full width of the right-of-way in accordance with this chapter and thoroughly compacted by rolling all shoulders. Slopes shall be seeded to prevent erosion.

Utilities in streets. All utilities crossing streets shall be installed in trenches backfilled and compacted with aggregate meeting Pennsylvania Department of Transportation specifications and approved by the Township Engineer, and all other utilities within the right-of-way of streets shall be installed before paving is completed.

Trench repaving for bituminous paving. All pavement restoration in bituminous pavement shall be constructed in accordance with the construction standards in Figure 401.2.9.[4]

[4]

Editor's Note: Figures 401.2.1 through 416.2 are on file in the Township offices.

Paving notch detail. New asphalt pavement shall meet existing asphalt pavement in accordance with the construction standards in Figure 401.2.10.

(10)

Two-phase paving. When the bituminous paving is in a subdivision or other land development being developed at that time and it is anticipated that construction activity and heavy material hauling will be taking place for an extended period of time. A skim coat of either FB material or ID-2 wearing course the final wearing course shall be applied at a time determined by the Township Engineer in conjunction with the Township Manager.

(11)

Curb ramps. The location and design of all curb ramps for access by physically challenged persons shall be approved by the Township Engineer. Such approval does not represent compliance with the Accessibility Guidelines of the Americans with Disabilities Act. Curb cuts in straight curbs shall be in accordance with the construction standards in Figure 401.2.12.[5]

[5]

Editor's Note: Figures 401.2.1 through 416.2 are on file in the Township offices.

Street design criteria.

All street classifications. Geometric design shall be in accordance with AASHTO Standards and Table 1.

Table 1
Street Geometric Design, Clear Sight Triangles, Minimum Sight Distance
Type	Arterial Streets	Collector Streets	Local Streets
Clear sight triangle	500/30	400/30	250/25
Horizontal alignment (minimum radii of center line)	600	400	125
Reverse curves (minimum transient)	300	150	75
Vertical curves (minimum sight distance)	Per American Association of State Highway Transportation Officials (AASHTO) publication A Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets, most recent publication. Use of "lower range" tables is acceptable.

Clear sight triangle. No obstructions shall be located within the right-of-way or lot which obscure visibility at the intersection of two streets or of a street and a residential driveway. A clear sight triangle shall be maintained free of any obstructions. The sides of the clear sight triangle shall be measured along the center line of the intersecting streets and shall meet the minimum standards shown in Table 1. The clear sight triangle shall be shown on the final plat for recording if it is beyond the boundary of the right-of-way.

Minimum sight distance. When a new street intersects an existing street, the minimum sight distance at the intersection shall be provided in accordance with the requirements of Table 1.

Roadway design specifications. The minimum allowable street grade shall be 1%. The maximum allowable street grade shall be 10%. The minimum allowable length of vertical curve shall be determined by the guidelines set forth in the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) publication A Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets (Green Book), most recent publication. Use of the "lower range" tables is acceptable for calculating vertical curve lengths.

Cul-de-sacs. Cul-de-sacs shall meet the construction standards shown in Figures 401.3.2(A) and 401.3.2(B),[6] and Chapter 150, Subdivision and Land Development.

[6]

Editor's Note: Figures 401.2.1 through 416.2 are on file in the Township offices.

Pedestrian connections. When required by Chapter 150, Subdivision and Land Development, to facilitate pedestrian and bicycle travel, pedestrian connections shall provide a clear-sight triangle at all ends as required by the Township Engineer.

Barricade for dead-end streets. A barricade for dead-end streets in accordance with the construction standards in Figure 401.3.4[7] shall be provided by the developer when required by the Township Engineer.

[7]

Editor's Note: Figures 401.2.1 through 416.2 are on file in the Township offices.

Pavement markings. All stop bars, transverse markings and crosswalks shall be cold plastic. All longitude lines shall be Traffic Zone Paint, Type II Waterborne.

§ 101-16 Stormwater management.

Storm sewer pipe. A minimum fifteen-inch-diameter pipe shall be installed for all Township and private storm sewers. The following is a list of acceptable pipes for use in the Township:

Reinforced concrete pipe (RCP), ASTM C76 Class III and Class IV.

Corrugated polyethylene (PE) culvert pipe. AASHTO-M294 and Type S.

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe. AASHTO-M304.

Corrugated galvanized steel pipe AASHTO-M245 Type I, AASHTO-M246 and AASHTO-M218, Type C-10 mil coating on both surfaces.

Corrugated aluminum alloy pipe AASHTO-N196, Type I.

Corrugated aluminum alloy pipe-arch AASHTO-M196, Type I.

Storm inlets. Storm inlets in street paving shall conform to the construction standards in Figure 402.2a,[1] Type "M" Inlet Detail, when used with asphalt wedge curbs. Storm inlets in street paving shall conform to the construction standards in Figure 402.2b, Type "C" Inlet Detail, when used with concrete curbs. Inlets shall be placed at all low points, at street intersections and at points along both sides of the street to ensure adequate drainage, but in no case shall the distance between inlets along the street exceed 300 feet unless approved by the Township Engineer. Inlets at street intersections shall be placed on the tangent and not on the curved portion. Additional inlets shall be constructed in areas as may be directed by the Township Engineer during construction to provide for proper control of surface water.

Inlet grates. All grates shall be bicycle safe and constructed of steel and conform to the construction standards in Figure 402.2.1.[2]

Editor's Note: Figures 401.2.1 through 416.2 are on file in the Township offices.

Top units. All tops shall be steel Type "M," unless otherwise approved by the Township Engineer. Units shall be constructed and conform to the construction standards in Figure 402.2.2.

Ladder bars shall be installed in all inlets exceeding a depth of five feet, and shall be in accordance with Pennsylvania Department of Transportation Publication No. 72, Drawing RC-34. A poured concrete invert shall be formed in the base of all inlets to provide full drainage of the structure.

Editor's Note: Figures 401.2.1 through 416.2 are on file in the Township offices.

Storm manholes. All manholes, manhole frames and covers shall be precast concrete constructed in accordance with the construction standards in Figure 402.3a, Figure 402.3b, Figure 402.3c and Figure 402.3d.[3] Manholes shall be installed at all changes in alignment and grades of alignment and grades of storm sewers as may be directed by the Township Engineer to provide for proper maintenance. If maintenance is not a problem, pipe may be installed on a curve provided the deflection angle of the pipe joint does not exceed the manufacturers specifications. See Figure 402.3c for pipes under 48 inches in diameter and Figure 402.3d for pipes over 48 inches in diameter. Inlets may be substituted for manholes where practical.

[3]

Editor's Note: Figures 401.2.1 through 416.2 are on file in the Township offices.

Maximum distance between structures. The maximum distance between structures (inlets or manholes) shall be 300 feet unless otherwise approved by the Township Engineer.

Yard drains. Yard drains shall be precast concrete constructed in accordance with the construction standards in Figure 402.4.1.[4] The top unit may be substituted with Type "M" tops, if approved by the Township Engineer.

[4]

Editor's Note: Figures 401.2.1 through 416.2 are on file in the Township offices.

Special underdrains. Underdrains shall be installed in accordance with the construction standards in Figure 402.4.2. The underdrain type shall be directed by the Township Engineer.

Inlet connections. All connections to inlets shall be in accordance with the construction standards in Figure 402.5.

Storm sewer lateral connection. All sewer lateral connections shall be in accordance with applicable law. All sewer lateral connections shall be located at manholes, catch basins, or at locations approved by the Township Engineer. All storm sewer laterals or runs designed to collect and/or connect to individual residential lot roof drains shall be smooth-lined HDPE (High Density Polyethylene) pipe.

Standard design criteria.

Storm sewer trench. All storm sewer pipe within a right-of-way shall be installed in accordance with the construction standards in Figure 402.7.1a, Typical Storm Trench Detail,[5] where located under all proposed pavements. Impervious area shall be installed in accordance with the standard in Figure 402.7.1b.

[5]

Editor's Note: Figures 401.2.1 through 416.2 are on file in the Township offices.

Cradles and reinforcements for sewers. All cradles and reinforcements for sewers shall be approved by the Township Engineer.

Headwall/endwall. Concrete headwalls and splash aprons shall be constructed in accordance with the construction standards in Figure 402.7.3a, Standard Type D-W Endwall Detail, at the outfall of all storm sewers. Where watercourses are piped and filled, concrete headwall and splash aprons shall be constructed at both ends of the pipe. Rip-rap shall be placed at end walls in accordance with Figure 402.7.3b. Preformed end-sections are an acceptable alternative with Township approval.

Concrete encasement and anchors for sewers. All concrete encasement and anchors for sewers shall be approved by the Township Engineer. All storm sewers laid at slopes of 20% or greater shall have concrete anchors installed in accordance with the construction standards in Figure 402.7.4.[6]

[6]

Editor's Note: Figures 401.2.1 through 416.2 are on file in the Township offices.

Connection for drop manholes. All connections for drop manholes shall be approved by the Township Engineer.

Storm sewer outfall channels and drainage swales. Permissible velocities of various channel linings (vegetation, rock lined, rip-rap, gabions) shall be in accordance with the most recent version of the Erosion and Sediment Pollution Control Program Manual published by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection. Storm sewer outfall channels shall be trapezoidal or triangular shape with side slopes not to exceed two horizontal: one vertical (ratio). Storm sewer outfall channels shall be designed in accordance with Chapter 13 of the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation Design Manual Part 2 - Publication 13, Section 13.3, titled Watercourse Erosion Protection. Where drainage swales or open channels are used, they shall be suitably designed for ease of maintenance.

Springs. Any springs encountered during construction shall be piped and connected to the storm sewer system or extended to a natural watercourse as may be approved by the Township Engineer.

Riprap. All riprap used for outlet protection, bank stabilization or other means of protection shall be designed and installed in accordance with specifications outlined in Pennsylvania Department of Transportation Publications 408 and 72.

Erosion and sedimentation control. Erosion and sedimentation control measures shall be designed and used during construction as per the approved plan from the Butler County Conservation District and in accordance with details presented in the most recent version of the Erosion and Sediment Pollution Control Program Manual published by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection. The following measures shall also be required by the Township in conjunction with the aforementioned plan:

Individual on-lot controls. Individual on-lot controls shall be used for all residential lot development in accordance with the construction standards in Figure 402.7.9.1.[7]

[7]

Editor's Note: Figures 401.2.1 through 416.2 are on file in the Township offices.

Rock construction entrance. All individual residential lot development shall employ a rock construction entrance for vehicular access to the lot from paved roadways. The construction entrance shall be installed in accordance with details provided in the most recent version of the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection Erosion and Sediment Pollution Control Program Manual.

Slope stabilization. All cut or fill slopes that exceed 10 feet in vertical height and a 3:1 (h:v) slope shall be stabilized with an erosion control blanket to prevent slope erosion and promote seed growth in accordance with the most recent version of the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection Erosion and Sediment Pollution Control Program Manual requirements. A detail shall be included with the plans specifying the type of blanket and installation procedures. Slopes shall be redressed with topsoil prior to final stabilization to promote optimum growth of vegetation.

Energy dissipators. All energy dissipators such as riprap aprons, plunge basins, etc., shall be designed based on outlet velocities associated with the design storm for the subject outfall pipe.

(10)

Best management practices (BMP's). The use of practical structural and nonstructural BMP's will be encouraged by the Township in the design of site drainage systems and land development. Design of such measures shall consider the limitations of the site topography and soils, as well as identify the benefits of proposed measures and maintenance requirements. Technical requirements and limitations of BMP's are provided in the Pennsylvania Handbook of Best Management Practices for Developing Areas.

§ 101-17 Sanitary sewer and public water system design standards.

All sanitary sewage facilities and all public water shall be constructed in accordance with the construction standards and requirements of the appropriate service provider.

§ 101-18 Pedestrian circulation.

Sidewalks (concrete). All sidewalks shall be constructed in accordance with the construction standards in Figure 404.1.[1] Ramps for the physically challenged shall be provided at intersections and crosswalks in accordance with the construction standards in § 101-15B(11).

Editor's Note: Figures 401.2.1 through 416.2 are on file in the Township offices.

Walkways.

Minimum width. Walkways shall be a minimum of four feet wide. In parking lots they shall be an additional 30 inches wide or separated by an additional 30 inches on each side where automobiles or other vehicles may overhang the walkway.

Height. Walkways in relation to parking lots and driveways shall be raised to the same height as sidewalks in relation to streets.

Bikeways. Bikeways shall be a minimum width of six feet per travel lane where adjacent to a street, or five feet per travel lane where not on a street.

§ 101-19 Driveways; access onto Township streets.

General requirements. All driveways shall be located, designed, constructed, and maintained in such a manner as not to interfere or be inconsistent with the design, maintenance and drainage of the street.

General location restrictions.

Access driveways shall be permitted at locations in which:

Sight distance is adequate to safely allow each permitted movement to be made into or out of the access driveway;

The free movement of normal highway traffic is not impaired;

The driveway will not create a hazard; and

The driveway will not create an area of undue traffic congestion on the highway.

Residential driveway. Within the right-of-way of Township streets, residential driveways shall be constructed in accordance with Figure 405.2.5.[1]

Editor's Note: Figures 401.2.1 through 416.2 are on file in the Township offices.

Grade. Driveways shall be constructed to conform to the grade of the finished shoulders. All descending or ascending grades of driveways shall begin at the street right-of-way. No stormwater shall be permitted to drain onto a Township street.

§ 101-20 Parking areas and driveways on lots.

Minimum paving standards.

For driveways and parking areas for single family: none.

For all driveways and parking areas other than single family: shall have an aggregate base course, a bituminous binder course and a bituminous wearing course with sufficient structural strength to carry anticipated wheel loads.

Parking area standards.

Slopes.

Maximum 5% cross slope (along length of vehicle).

Maximum 7% longitudinal slope (perpendicular to vehicle).

Minimum 1% cross slope or longitudinal slope.

Concrete mountable curbs. When required, mountable curbs shall be constructed to the construction standards in Figure 406.2.2.[1]

Curb detail. When required, curbs shall be constructed to the standard in Figure 406.2.2.1.

Editor's Note: Figures 401.2.1 through 416.2 are on file in the Township offices.

Curb ramps. The location and design of all curb ramps for access by physically challenged persons shall be in accordance with the construction standards in Figure 401.2.13 and approved by the Township Engineer. Such approval does not represent compliance with the Accessibility Guidelines of the Americans with Disabilities Act.

Accessible parking sign. Parking spaces required or designated to be accessible for the physically challenged shall be identified by the installation of an accessible parking sign meeting the construction standards in Figure 406.2.4.

Concrete curb and gutter. When required, concrete curb and gutter shall be constructed to the construction standards in Figure 406.2.5.

§ 101-21 Fire hydrants.

Where fire hydrants are required they shall be installed pursuant to specifications of the appropriate public water service provider.

§ 101-22 Guide rails.

All guide rails shall be constructed in accordance with current PennDOT criteria and in accordance with the construction standards in Figure 408.1.[1]

Editor's Note: Figures 401.2.1 through 416.2 are on file in the Township offices.

§ 101-23 Underground utility installation.

General conditions.

All street excavation within Township right-of-way or easements shall require a road opening permit per the requirements of this chapter and any other applicable ordinances of the Township.

No street opening shall extend across more than half of the cartway at a time. No street shall be closed at any time without prior approval from the Township.

Through-way traffic should be maintained whenever possible.

Access to driveways and/or buildings located within the work zone shall be maintained at all times.

No more than 250 linear feet of excavation shall be opened at any one time.

Traffic control shall be maintained in accordance with Pennsylvania Department of Highways Publication 203. The permittee shall furnish and maintain such signs, barricades, lights and flag persons as may be necessary to provide a safe and compliant work zone. The Township may require a separate traffic control plan under special circumstances.

Provisions shall be made to accommodate stormwater runoff at all times. The work shall not be permitted to interfere with the normal flow of surface or subsurface water.

Future maintenance shall be the responsibility of the permittee during the first two years after completion.

Pavement cuts. Open cutting of any street is not permitted unless authorized by the Township Engineer.

Cuts in the bituminous surface shall be a neat straight line the entire length and width of the trench using a concrete saw. Cuts through cement concrete shall be made to a sufficient depth to enable the removal of the concrete in a clear straight break.

All excavated material should be stored in such a manner as to not interrupt pedestrian or automobile traffic. Pedestrian crosswalks and sidewalks shall be kept clear at all times. Loose material shall be promptly cleaned from the streets and sidewalks using appropriate measures.

Special backfill requirements may be set by the Township Engineer. Backfill requirements will be determined at the time of application.

Restoration of street.

Temporary pavement shall consist of the appropriate compacted backfill material and topped with not less than eight inches of cold patch. The temporary pavement shall be replaced with the permanent repair immediately upon suitable weather conditions or the work is completed.

Permanent repair shall be in accordance with the construction standards in Figure 401.2.10.[1]

Editor's Note: Figures 401.2.1 through 416.2 are on file in the Township offices.

Opening of berm or yard areas.

All work performed in areas other than the improved street surface (asphalt or concrete) shall be performed in compliance with the construction standards in Figure 409.3.1.[2]

Editor's Note: Figures 401.2.1 through 416.2 are on file in the Township offices.

All disturbed yard areas shall be restored to original condition.

§ 101-24 Acceptance of public improvements.

Monuments and markers.

Monuments. Monuments shall be of precast reinforced concrete at least four inches square and at least 30 inches in depth, with a metal center plug. The actual survey point shall be indicated by a 1/16 inch hole drilled in the metal plug. All developments shall be required to place at least one new monument. All new monumentation shall be tied to an existing Township monument and locational information included on the as-built drawings. Monuments shall be accompanied by a letter of certification from a professional land surveyor.

Markers. Markers shall be iron pins or pipes at least 1/2 inch in diameter and not less than 20 inches in length, or other material acceptable to the Township Engineer.

Detection. Monuments and markers shall be detectable with conventional ferrous metal or magnetic locators.

Submission requirements. No private or public improvements shall be accepted by the Township until all required monuments have been set and as-built drawings have been submitted and certified by a professional land surveyor, three paper copies (24 inches by 36 inches), one Mylar copy. All as-built drawings shall be submitted electronically in accordance with the digital submission requirements. The following language shall be included on all as-built drawings:[1]

The professional land surveyor's certificate shall read as follows:

	I, a registered professional surveyor of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, do hereby certify that this plan is prepared from a field survey made on this day of ____________________, 20_____, and it represents the location of buildings, driveways, parking areas, landscaping and elevations of the stormwater detention basin and its associated facilities as shown thereon by me for the owners or agents.
		(SEAL)
		Registration No.
		Date

Editor's Note: Amended at time of adoption of Code (see Ch. 1, General Provisions, Art. I).

As-built drawings. As-built drawings shall include, but need not be limited to, the following items:

All stormwater management facility(ies) as-built requirements are referenced in Appendix A.[2]

Editor's Note: Amended at time of adoption of Code (see Ch. 1, General Provisions, Art. I). Appendix A is included at the end of this chapter.

Commercial and residential requirements as set forth in Appendix A.

§ 101-25 Traffic/regulatory and guidance signs.

All installations, locations and materials shall comply with Township and Pennsylvania Department of Transportation standards.

Traffic/regulatory sign details and procedures.

Stop signs;

Speed limit signs (25 miles per hour, unless noted);

No outlet signs;

Yield signs;

Weight, size and load restrictions;

Turning restrictions;

Stopping, standing and parking restrictions;

Hazardous grade speed limits;

No passing zones;

(10)

No turns on red restrictions;

(11)

Removal of traffic hazards;

(12)

School zones and school zone speed limits;

(13)

Special speeds on bridges or elevated structures;

(14)

Creation of one-way streets.

All traffic control signs (other than street name signs) must use the following specifications.

One sign per post.

Must use easy erect channel.

Ten-foot-long galvanized steel posts.

Three-foot countersink posts.

Breakaway hardware.

Theft-proof nuts and bolts.

All traffic control signs must be at least seven feet to the bottom of the sign, and two feet to five feet behind the curb.

Signs, when not at an intersection, should be placed between lots, on lot lines.

Arrows indicate flow of traffic.

Street name signs.

The standard Township street sign will have the following specifications:

The street name shall appear on street name signs in capital letters six inches high.

Prefixes such as "North" shall be abbreviated to N.

Suffixes such as "Drive" shall be abbreviated to DR.

Prefixes and suffixes shall be four inches high.

(e)

The street name sign shall have 3M or equal white reflective lettering, on 3M-3877 high-intensity green or equal green background.

(f)

Signs shall be mounted on nine-inch-wide extruded aluminum blanks predrilled to accept vandal-proof hardware.

(g)

Required length of sign shall be determined by the street name.

(h)

Post brackets and cross brackets for mounting the signs must have a twelve-inch-long slot for securing the signs and also be drilled to accept vandal-proof hardware.

(i)

The vandal-proof hardware shall consist of bolts with a 12 pt socket head.

(j)

Sign post shall be galvanized, 10.5 feet by two-and-one-quarter-inch OD by two-foot ID round posts.

Location:

All street name signs should be located on the corner opposite of where a stop sign will be;

Posts must be embedded in 24 inches to 30 inches of concrete and two feet to five feet behind the curbs.

Developers may install "custom made" street name signs. The specifications shall be as follows:

Letter height must be six inches minimum for uppercase letters and 4.5 inches for lowercase.

Letter width must be 1 1/2 inches minimum.

Letter stroke width must be 3/4 inch minimum.

Letter color must be white or white reflective material.

(e)

The background color must be contrasting from that of the letters.

(f)

All "custom made" street name signs shall be the responsibility of the respective owners' association and shall be identified in the owners' association documents. In the event that a "custom made" sign, for any reason, may need to be replaced, it shall be replaced in a reasonable amount of time or the Township may replace it with a standard Township sign.

Type of installation required:

Four-way signs shall be installed at all intersections where at least one of the connecting roads is a through way that leads to another street. If one of the streets has no outlet, then only a two-way sign shall be required.

Two-way signs shall be installed at intersections where none of the streets are through ways that lead to another street.

Final approval:

All identification and traffic warning and regulatory signage must be installed prior to the Township issuing any building permits.

Financial security shall not be released for the streets until all signage installations receive final approval from the Township.

When all signs have been installed, the developer must request the Township to review the installations. The Township will give written acceptance/denial.

All developers must purchase and install all signs on their own. The Township will not order, pay for, receive, store or install any signs, posts, etc., for the developer.

§ 101-26 Street lighting.

All street lighting shall be installed in compliance with Township standards for work in Township rights-of-way.

All street lighting shall be hooded or directed, to the extent practical, to shield the light from direct view from adjacent properties and streets.

§ 101-27 Street tree planting specifications.

Trees shall be of substantially uniform size and shape, and have straight trunks. Trees shall be properly planted and staked and provision made by the developer for regular watering and maintenance until the development is complete, and Township acceptance of streets. Dead and dying trees shall be replaced by the developer during the next planting season after the initial planting. The following construction standards shall be used during planting as approved by the Township Engineer:

Evergreen/deciduous tree planting, Figure 416.1.[1]