[Adopted 6-13-1983 by L.L. No. 4-1983]
The purpose of this article is to regulate the
laying out of streets, thoroughfares and/or highways, and to outline
the sequence of steps in conjunction with street construction and
dedication in the Town of Cobleskill, Schoharie County, New York.
A.
Wherever used in this article, the word "street" shall
also be construed to mean a thoroughfare or highway.
B.
Wherever used in this article, the words in the singular
number include the plural and words in the plural numbers include
the singular.
C.
The word "shall" is mandatory and not directory. Words
used in the present tense include the future.
These standards, specifications and rules apply
to all new road construction in the Town of Cobleskill which is in
excess of 400 feet in length and will serve more than two permanent
dwellings, regardless of whether or not such roads are the subject
of request for dedication by the Town. Before an existing, private
road shall be considered for incorporation into the Town highway system,
there shall be at least three permanent dwelling units on said road
for at least 12 consecutive months prior to the submission of a formal
application.
A.
Any application for the consideration of a private
road for incorporation into the Town highway system shall be submitted
to the Town Planning Board for review. The Town Board or it's designee
shall make a formal inspection of the site, with the County Highway
Superintendent, the Town Highway Superintendent and the Chairperson
of the Town Planning Board. Said Town Planning Board shall, within
60 days of receipt of a complete application, make recommendations
to the Town Board for the disposition of the application. The Town
Board shall, within 60 days of its receipt of the recommendations
of the Town Planning Board, decide whether or not the Town shall include
said proposed roadway into the Town highway system. Written notification
of the Town Board's decision shall be sent to the applicant(s) within
30 days of such decision.
B.
The formal written application for consideration of
any proposed additional roadway shall include the following:
(1)
Three complete copies of application, letter, and
supporting documents as described below (one each to the Town Superintendent
of Highways and the Town Planning Board).
(2)
A proposed warranty deed, if possible, or a quit claim
deed conveying said street to the Town with all necessary releases
from mortgages or other claimants, together with a proper title search
covering at least 30 years up to the time application is made, and
also a tax search.
(3)
Name of proposed road.
(4)
Names of current landowners of property along said
proposed road.
(5)
Reasons for requesting incorporation.
(6)
Map of road prepared and certified by a licensed professional
engineer (licensed in New York State), or, in and only in conjunction
with a land subdivision, by a licensed professional land surveyor
(licensed in New York State) with evidence of his certification of
competence to design roads appurtenant to subdivisions under Title
B, Article 145, § 7208, Subdivision n, of the State Education
Law of New York State, showing the road alignment, the length, radius,
point of curve, and point of tangency of all horizontal and vertical
curves along said roadway, the grades between all critical points
both numerically and by profile drawing and any pertinent easements.
Said map shall be of scale of one-inch equals 50 feet maximum.
(7)
Drawings of road cross-sections, one for each different
section used and references to the plan map.
(8)
In the case of an existing private road to be considered
as a Town highway, a description of the type of construction materials
in the existing road, a measurement of grades, by section, a description
of the condition of the road (including condition of soil base), any
potential hazards along said road, existing land use(s) along the
road, an estimation of the number of vehicles using said road, and
compliance with the other requirements herein stated.
(9)
A location sketch showing the road location in the
Town.
(10)
In the case of new road construction, application should include a description of construction materials to be used (developer must provide acceptable evidence of compliance with standards and specifications in § 116-4N and O with official reports from NYS approved materials testing laboratory or NYS licensed engineer) and of existing land use(s) along the road, and an estimate of the number of vehicles which will use the road, and shall demonstrate compliance with all other requirements herein stated.
A.
Title must be conveyed to the Town by warranty deed,
to a right-of-way not less 60 feet in width along the entire length
of said proposed additional Town roadway. Furthermore, in sections
of the proposed road where physical conditions necessitate the construction
of excavated or filled roadbeds, grade backslopes, ditches, drainage
structures, bridges, or other highway-related structures and where
these said structures combine to form a total construction width greater
than the aforesaid 60 feet, then the right-of-way shall be of sufficient
width to include said structures through those sections of the proposed
road. All necessary or required easements from abutting property owners
must also be arranged for and conveyed at no additional expense to
the Town. The minimum length of roads under consideration for dedication
as Town highways shall be 400 feet.
B.
The right-of-way shall be completely cleared of all
brush, scrub trees, shrubs, and stumps for its entire width and length.
C.
The back slopes shall be graded. All necessary drainage
ditches and structures, including driveway crossings, shall be installed,
shall be of accepted design — in a structural, hydrologic, and
hydraulic sense, and shall be of adequate size and length, as determined
by the Town Highway Superintendent.
D.
Culverts shall be installed where needed, properly
installed and of acceptable material (corrugated steel culvert pipe
or reinforced concrete culvert pipe, or equivalent, suitability as
determined by the Town Highway Superintendent). Minimum culvert size
acceptable is 15 inches in diameter. Where culverts are required for
driveway crossings the length shall be 20 feet, and if in more than
one section, culvert sections shall be joined by steel bands. The
culverts shall be lower than the shoulder.
E.
Roadbed shall be so located as to provide adequate
room for ditching, grading and routine maintenance within right-of-way
limits, as determined by the Town Highway Superintendent.
F.
Roadbed shall be raised above grade.
G.
Track and grades shall be such as to be easily and
safely traveled by Town road machinery and snow plow equipment, as
determined by the Town Highway Superintendent.
H.
The maximum grade along any portion of the road shall
be 6%; at its discretion, the Town Board may allow up to 10% grades.
I.
Horizontal curves.
(1)
The minimum design speed for design of horizontal
curves for Town roads shall be 30 miles per hour.
(2)
For horizontal curves where no superelevation is provided,
the maximum permissible degree of curve along any section of the road
shall be 15°. The degree of curve is defined as the central angle
subtended by a one-hundred-foot length of curve, along the arc. This
is the arc definition of degree of curve and the following formula
applies:
|
Degree of Curve
|
=
|
5,729.58
| |
|
Radius of Curve
|
(3)
For horizontal curves where superelevation is provided,
maximum permissible superelevation shall be 0.08 feet/foot.
(4)
For horizontal curves where superelevation is provided,
the plans shall show the derivation of the particular design —
superelevation, coefficient of friction and degree of curve —
for each such curve. The following AASHO limits for coefficients of
side friction apply:
|
Design speed (mph)
|
20
|
30
|
40
|
50
|
60
| |
|
Maximum coefficients of side friction
|
0.17
|
0.16
|
0.15
|
0.14
|
0.13
|
|
and the following is a relationship between
maximum permissible degree curve (Dmax), design speed in mph (velocity,
V), design maximum superelevation in feet per foot (e), and design
maximum coefficient of friction (f):
|
|
Dmax =
|
85,950 (e + f)
| |
|
V2
|
(5)
Note from the above that the absolute maximum degree
of curve allowed in the Town of Cobleskill with full maximum superelevation
(0.08 feet/foot) is 23°. The designer is urged to plan his roads
such that curves will be as gradual as possible — far under
this extreme limit — as far as is practical given site conditions.
J.
No dead end roadways will be acceptable unless provided
with an adequate turnaround roadway with a minimum diameter at the
outside of the roadbed of 100 feet. The right-of-way diameter shall
be a minimum of 108 feet.
K.
Any required guide posts, guard rails, markers, signs,
culvert headers, or similar safety items shall be properly installed,
as determined by the Town Highway Superintendent.
L.
Necessary bridges shall have a minimum capacity of
15 tons, and shall be constructed with a width at least four feet
wider than the roadbed, and with an absolute minimum width of 24 feet.
M.
A cross section will be required that conforms with
the "Highway Cross Section — Town of Cobleskill" shown on the
attached drawing, figure 1. Note that the roadbed shall not be less
than 18 feet in width, with shoulders of not less than five feet on
each side exclusive of ditches. Also the roadbed shall be crowned
at the rate of 1/4 inch per foot (or 0.02083 feet/foot), as shown
in those areas where superelevation does not exist.
N.
Gravel subbase courses where required by the Town and/or County Highway Superintendent after the third inspection shall consist of material described in and laid and rolled in accordance with the following, and shall not be placed until the entire width of the right-of-way is graded in accordance with the Town typical cross section and until the third inspection of the Town and/or County Highway Superintendents (see § 116-6, Inspections).
(1)
Materials.
(a)
All granular material acceptable for gravel
subbase ("subbase granular material") shall be of sound, hard durable
stone or blast furnace slag and shall meet the approval of the Town
Highway Superintendent and/or County Highway Superintendent.
(b)
The particles shall not exceed such size as
will pass through a four-inch square hole; not less than 30% by weight
shall pass the 1/4 inch square sieve; not more than 70% by weight
shall pass the No. 40 mesh sieve and not more than 10% by weight shall
pass the No. 100 mesh sieve as determined by washing through the sieve,
in accordance with ASTM Designation: D422. The particles retained
on the 1/4 inch square sieve shall have a loss, after four cycles
of the Magnesium Sulfate Soundness Test, not exceeding 30% by weight.
The particles passing the No. 40 mesh sieve shall have a maximum Plasticity
Index of 5. The source of material shall be stripped of all sod, topsoil,
overburden, and other objectionable material before the excavation
operations for the subbase course granular material are started, and
shall be kept stripped at a minimum of 30 feet from the top of the
working face of the pit at all times. The owner shall so select the
source or sources and so regulate his excavating operations in the
pit that suitable, acceptable material will be produced at all times.
(2)
Construction details.
(a)
Any materials shall be spread in such depths
that the maximum thickness of any layer, after compaction, shall be
12 inches. Water shall be added in such amounts as the Town and/or
County Highway Superintendents may consider necessary to obtain satisfactory
compaction.
(b)
When the moisture content of the layer is within
the limits for proper compaction, the entire surface shall be rolled
with a pneumatic tired roller having an operating weight of between
1,000 and 2,500 pounds per tire, or a smooth steel wheel roller having
a minimum weight of 10 tons. All portions of each layer shall be covered
by a minimum of eight passes of the roller.
(c)
For heavier, vibratory, or more efficient types
of approved compaction equipment, the minimum number of passes required
on all portions of each layer shall be determined by the Town and/or
County Highway Superintendents. Compaction shall be continued until
the course has been thoroughly compacted and shows no signs of weaving.
(d)
In limited areas where the use of a roller is
impractical, approved vibrating plate compactors or impact rammers
shall be used to compact the material.
(e)
Any depressions that develop during rolling
shall be filled with subbase-granular material and further rolled
until the entire surface of the subbase-granular material course is
true to grade and cross section. The finished surface of the subbase-granular
material course shall not extend above the true grade and surface
for this course, at any location.
(f)
Should the subgrade soils become churned up
into, or mixed with, the subbase-granular material course through
any course whatsoever the owner shall, at his own expense, remove
such mixture of subgrade and replace with subbase-granular material.
O.
Gravel base course shall consist of material described
in and laid and rolled in accordance with the following, and shall
not be placed until the entire width of the right-of-way is graded
in accordance with the Town typical cross section, and until the required
courses of gravel subbase have been laid, rolled and inspected by
the Town and/or County Highway Superintendent. In all cases, the thickness
of the gravel base course shall be 12 inches after compaction.
(1)
Materials.
(a)
All granular material acceptable for gravel
base shall be of sound, hard, durable stone, gravel, or blast furnace
slag, well graded from coarse to fine. The particles shall not exceed
such size as will pass through a two-inch-square hole, 30% to 65%,
by weight, shall pass the 1/4 inch square sieve, and not more than
10%, by weight, shall pass the No. 200 mesh sieve, as determined by
washing through the sieve in accordance with ASTM Designation: D422,
and shall be free from any organic or other deleterious materials.
(b)
The quality of the gravel, stone or slag particles
shall determined by the Magnesium Sulphate Soundness Test. The maximum
percent loss at four cycles, by weight, shall be 20.
(c)
Evidence of the acceptability of the proposed
material under these tests, in the form of written testing laboratory
reports, shall be submitted to the Town and/or County Highway Superintendents
before delivery of any materials to the site.
(d)
The source of the material shall be stripped
of all sod, topsoil, overburden and other objectionable material before
the excavation operations for the material are started, and shall
be kept stripped at a minimum of 30 feet from the top of the working
face of the source at all times. Should, at any time during work and
for any reason, the material fail to conform to the specified quality
and gradation requirements, the owner shall, by the addition of selected
acceptable material, and/or satisfactory manipulation, provide a material
meeting the above requirements.
(2)
Placing.
(a)
The spreading of any layer of this material
shall be done with spreader equipment approved by the Town and/or
County Highway Superintendents, and shall be spread to such thickness
that the maximum depth of the layer, after compaction, will be six
inches. Spreading from piles dumped on the roadway will not be permitted.
No segregation of large or fine particles will be allowed, but the
material, as spread, shall be well graded, with no pockets of fine
material. Water shall be added in such amounts as the Town and/or
County Highway Superintendents may consider necessary to obtain satisfactory
compaction.
(b)
When the moisture content of the layer is within
the limits for proper compaction, the entire surface shall be rolled
with a pneumatic tired roller, having an operating weight of between
1,000 and 2,500 pounds per tire, or a smooth steel wheel roller, having
a minimum weight of 10 tons. Each portion of the layer shall be covered
by a minimum of six passes of the roller, or to the satisfaction of
the Town and/or County Highway Superintendents.
(c)
For heavier, vibratory or more efficient types
of approved compaction equipment, the minimum number of passes required
on all portions of each layer shall be determined by the Town and/or
County Highway Superintendents. In limited areas, where the use of
a roller is impractical, approved vibrating plate compactors or impact
rammers shall be used to compact the material.
(d)
After compaction, the top surface of this course
shall not extend above, nor more than 1/4 inch below, true base-course
grade and surface at any location. The base course, at any locations,
shall be compacted, finished and completed to the above tolerance,
and approved by the Town and/or County Highway Superintendents before
any succeeding course of pavement is placed at that location. Any
depressions or holes shall be filled with approved coarse sand and
the surface rerolled.
(e)
In all cases, this base course must be so thoroughly
compacted that it will not weave under the roller.
(3)
No traffic or hauling other than that necessary for
bringing material for the next course shall be permitted over this
course. Should the subgrade soil, subbase course granular material
or any other material become churned up into, or mixed with this base
course through any reason whatsoever, the owner shall, at his own
expense, remove such mixture and replace with select granular material
acceptable for this item.
(4)
The owner shall assume full responsibility for any
contamination and/or degradation of any part of this course during
construction and shall, at his own expense, remove any and all portion
of this course which do not conform to the requirements of these specifications
and replace these portions with specified material.
P.
Pavement. A pavement shall be required consisting
of a 1 3/4 inch thick layer of asphalt concrete base course plus
a 3/4 inch thick layer of asphalt concrete top course. The asphalt
concrete shall be provided, mixed, and batched by a New York State
Department of Transportation approved asphalt concrete plant according
to "Section 400, Bituminous Pavements" of the Standard Specifications,
Construction and Materials of the New York State Department of Transportation
as of January 2, 1982. The asphalt concrete base course shall conform
to all the requirements of New York State Department of Transportation
Item 403.11 "Asphalt Concrete — Type 1 Base Course." The asphalt
concrete top course shall conform to all the requirements of New York
State Department of Transportation Item 403.16 "Asphalt Concrete —
Type 6 Top Course."
Any grading of land, cutting of trees or clearing
of brush, except for surveying purposes, prior to preliminary presentation
of plans to the Planning Board is prohibited.
The following inspections are required and must
be made by the Superintendent of Town Highways and/or the County Highway
Superintendent; it shall be the developer's responsibility to notify
the Superintendents of the readiness to proceed with each phase of
the construction process so that spot checks on work in progress may
be made by the Superintendents in addition to the scheduled inspections.
A.
First inspection upon completion of survey.
B.
Second inspection upon completion of the clearing
of the right-of-way and the alignment stakeout.
C.
Third inspection upon completion of the rough grading
and the installation of all structures but before the subbase is laid
(if required) and before the structures are backfilled.
D.
Fourth inspection upon completion of placement of
subbase-granular material (if required) and structural backfilling.
E.
Fifth inspection upon completion of placement of base
course granular material and completion of structural backfilling.
F.
Sixth inspection when the road is ready for pavement.
G.
Seventh inspection upon completion of pavement, fine
grading and seeding of slopes.
Exceptions to any of the specifications herein
will be considered upon recommendation of the Superintendent of Town
Highways, and a majority of the Town Planning Board for the granting
of a variance from said specifications by the Town Board. Any such
variances granted shall be specifically set forth in the decision
of the Town Board regarding the disposition of said application.
If, in the opinion of the Town Superintendent
of Highways and/or the Town Planning Board, the proposed streets or
highways and drainage systems constructed by the owners and/or developers
are completed in accordance with approved plans, the Town Superintendent
of Highways and the Town Planning Board will recommend to the Town
Board that the streets be accepted within 30 days. The Town Board
may refuse to accept a proposed street or highway, notwithstanding
that it conforms to all of the provisions of this article, if, in
its judgment, the public interest will best be served by such refusal
of acceptance, and subject to such conditions as the Town Board may
propose.
[Amended 4-29-2021 by L.L. No. 2-2021]
For roads which are part of a land subdivision,
please note that additional requirements are included in the Town
Subdivision Law,[1] copies of which are available at the Town of Cobleskill
Town Clerk's office.
If the Town Board acts to incorporate the proposed
roadway into the Town highway system, notification of such decisions
shall be given to the New York State Department of Transportation,
accompanied by the appropriate maps, for official inclusion, as part
of the Town Highway System.
Dedication of any proposed roadway shall conform
to the provisions of the New York Highway Law.
All previous regulations or resolutions are
hereby rescinded.
This article shall be known and may be cited
as the "Street or Highway Resolution" of the Town of Cobleskill.
