A.
The following off-street parking, loading and stacking
requirements are established to:
(1)
Relieve congestion and facilitate the movement
of vehicular traffic.
(2)
Promote the safety and convenience of pedestrians
by locating parking areas so as to reduce the impact of vehicles.
(3)
Protect adjoining residential uses from negative
impacts of on-street parking.
(4)
Promote the general convenience, welfare and
prosperity of commercial, service, research, production and industrial
development.
(5)
Ensure parking facilities are designed to consider
orderly arrangement, topography, landscaping and ingress/egress as
part of the overall site design.
(6)
Provide regulations and standards for development
of off-street parking to protect the character of the Town of Grand
Island.
B.
Off-street parking, stacking and loading facilities
must meet the standards set forth in this article.
A.
Accessory use. When required or provided to serve
conforming uses in any district, parking, stacking and loading facilities
shall be considered an accessory use.
B.
Employee parking. Whenever parking requirements are
based on the number of employees, it shall mean the maximum number
of employees on duty on the premises at one time or any two successive
shifts.
C.
Net floor area. The net floor area is defined as the
total floor area less permanent concourses, stairways, lobbies, elevator
shafts, areas permanently devoted to warehousing and rooms housing
equipment servicing the entire building.
D.
Fractional requirements. When units of measurements
used in computing the number of required off-street parking, loading
and stacking space result in the requirement of the fractional space,
the nearest whole number of off-street parking spaces shall be required.
E.
Permanent off-street parking. Permanent off-street
automobile storage parking, or standing space, shall be provided as
set forth below at the time of the erection of any building or structure;
at the time any building structure is enlarged or increased in capacity
by adding dwelling unit guest rooms, seats or floor area; or before
conversion from one zoning use or occupancy to another.
F.
Off-site provisions. If the vehicle storage space
or standing space required by this code cannot be reasonably provided
on the same lot on which the principal use is conducted, the Town
Board may, notwithstanding other Code provisions, permit such space
be provided on other off-street property, provided that such space
lies within 400 feet of the main entrance to such principal use and
is in the same zone. Such vehicle parking space shall be deemed to
be required open space associated with the permitted use and shall
not thereafter be reduced or encroached upon in any manner, nor shall
it be considered a violation of code provisions requiring a principal
use on a site before accessory uses are created.
G.
Storage. Vehicle parking or storage space maintained
in connection with an existing and continuing principal building,
structure, or land use on the effective date of this code shall be
continued and may not be counted as serving a new building, structure,
addition or land use, nor shall any required parking space be substituted
for an off-street loading and unloading space or any required loading
and unloading space be substituted for a parking space.
H.
Parking layout. The parking spaces provided along
with their necessary driveways and passageways shall be paved. Plans
for such parking spaces are to be included with the plans for the
construction of buildings and other structures and are to be presented
to a Code Enforcement Officer at the time applications for building
permits are to be filed. In outdoor yards in M-2 Zones paving may
be limited to access points and employee parking, with stone and gravel
allowed in other areas.
A.
Residential districts.
(1)
Location. If the required off-street parking
space cannot reasonably be provided on the same lot as the principal
building, such parking space may be provided on other property located
not more than 300 feet away as measured along the nearest pedestrian
route.
(2)
Front yard parking. Permanent front yard parking
areas for residential uses are prohibited. Parking in the driveway
accessing a garage or designated parking area in compliance with this
code is allowed. No front yard shall be used for parking except on
a driveway.
(3)
No required front yard or portion thereof in
any residential district or for any other residential uses in other
districts shall be utilized to provide parking space required in this
code.
(4)
In the R-2, R-2A, and R-3 Districts, the following
shall apply:
(a)
Where single-family attached units front on
an existing street, all driveways and entrances will be constructed
with a minimum eleven-inch-thick pavement section and be a minimum
24 feet wide with a positive drainage to a storm sewer system. All
parking lots, entrance drives, and utilities will remain in private
ownership.
(c)
Visitor parking will be clearly identified.
(d)
Not less than one of the required parking spaces
per dwelling unit shall be wholly enclosed and located on the residential
property the parking space is designed to serve.
(e)
Parking requirement may be met by providing
parking spaces in an enclosed garage and combination of spaces in
a common parking lot, common garages, or within residential units.
(f)
No common off-street parking lot shall be located
closer than 25 feet to any adjacent residential property.
(g)
All off-street parking areas shall be owned
and maintained by the homeowners' association.
(h)
Common off-street parking facilities shall be
landscaped and screened from public view in accordance with the landscape
regulations outlined in this code.
(i)
Common off-street parking areas shall be provided
with suitable residential-scale lighting for the convenience and security
of residents, but positioned and shielded to minimize glare and potential
inconvenience to residents of the development and adjacent properties.
(j)
Common off-street parking areas shall be designed
with careful regard to orderly arrangement, topography, landscaping,
ease of access and shall be developed as an integral part of the overall
site plan.
(k)
No vehicles shall be parked on any lawn area
or along any portion of any roadway, either private or public, located
within the development.
(6)
Notwithstanding any other requirement of this
code, driveways shall not be located nor existing driveways expanded
to a distance less than three feet from the property line, so as to
provide adequate room for drainage and snow removal. Nothing in this
section shall apply to the replacement of existing nonconforming driveways
for any purpose, so long as such nonconformities are not expanded.
B.
Business and industrial districts.
(1)
Off-street parking, stacking and loading improvements
shall:
(a)
Not increase the congestion on adjoining residential
streets in such a way as to promote a traffic hazard or a nuisance
to adjoining residents.
(b)
Be properly screened, lighted and designated
so as to prevent nuisance to adjoining residents.
(c)
Be landscaped as required by this code.
(d)
Not be located in the minimum front yard.
(e)
Not be used for commercial repairs, sales or
service.
(f)
Be located at least 10 feet from any adjacent
residential lot line.
(2)
In the Town Center Business Districts, the following
shall apply:
[Amended 3-7-2011 by L.L. No. 1-2011]
(a)
Where allowed by the New York State Department
of Transportation and the Erie County Highway Department, on-street
parking shall be provided along Grand Island Boulevard and Baseline
Road within 1/4 mile of the intersection of Whitehaven Boulevard and
Baseline Road.
(b)
Off-street parking, loading and stacking requirements
shall:
[1]
Be located to the rear or side of a building
or structure.
[2]
Have access via an alley.
[3]
Be properly screened, lighted and designed so
as to prevent nuisance to adjoining landowners.
[4]
Be landscaped as required by this code.
[5]
Not be used for commercial repairs, sales or
service.
[6]
Be located at least 10 feet from any adjacent
residential lot line.
[7]
Feature pedestrian access routes to building
entrances.
A.
Civic uses and places of assembly. Parking areas serving
houses of worship, clubs, community centers and other public facilities
within or adjacent to a residential district shall be located within
the side and rear yards. Driveways may be located within the front
yard. Driveways and parking areas shall be located at least 10 feet
from any residential lot line.
B.
Motor vehicle service station and motor vehicle repair
shops. Unenclosed parking of motor vehicles at service stations and
repair shops is limited to the spaces shown on site plans. For such
facilities providing repair service, spaces for customer parking shall
be the total approved less one for each employee, and no vehicle shall
remain so parked in excess of 30 days. Unenclosed overnight parking
of motor vehicles at automobile washing establishments and service
stations not providing repair service is prohibited.
A.
Municipal off-street parking facilities may, upon
payment of the fee adopted by the Town Board, be used in lieu of off-street
parking required to be provided by existing and future buildings,
structures and uses.
B.
The Town Board may waive parking requirements providing
the proposed use is within 400 feet of a municipally operated off-street
parking facility. The Town Board shall, at the time of approval of
the site plan, certify on such plan that the municipally operated
off-street parking facility has adequate capacity to accommodate the
need generated by the use.
(1)
Changes or alternations.
(a)
When in the business or industrial districts,
additional off-street parking is required to be provided for an existing
building because of:
[1]
Change of use that requires a site plan review, special permit, rezoning
or variance for all or any portion of a building or structure.
[2]
An interior increase of floor area for which off-street parking must
be provided, and such required off-street parking cannot be provided
because of the nonavailability of space in the zoning lot upon which
the building is located.
(b)
The Town Board, upon written application, may
permit the payment of fee by the applicant to allow the Town to provide
such additional required off-street parking in lieu of the applicant
providing such required off-street parking.
(2)
New construction. When in business or industrial
districts, a new building or structure is erected or a structural
addition is added to an existing building or structure for which off-street
parking is required by the provisions of this code, upon written application,
the Town Board may authorize the payment of a fee by the applicant
to allow the Town to provide such required off-street parking in lieu
of the applicant providing such off-street parking.
(3)
Collected fees. All fees collected and all interest
earned under the provisions of this code shall be placed in the Parking
Facilities Fund established by the Town Board and shall be used only
for the acquisition of land, improvement or maintenance of municipally
owned or leased off-street parking facilities for the benefit of those
buildings, structures and uses in the business and industrial districts
and the general community.
The requirements of this article may be reduced
by the Town Board, when a site plan or other Town Board approval is
required, without the necessity of obtaining a variance, to the extent
that the applicant can demonstrate that less parking is required for
one of the following reasons:
A.
Unique use times. Uses operate at times other than
"normal" business hours and, thus, could make arrangements with surrounding
landowners to utilize their parking facilities through a formal agreement.
B.
Overlap coverage. Adjacent uses may operate at different
times and could, thus, developed a shared parking facility.
C.
Excessive regulations. The regulation is excessive
for proposed development, as applied to individual landowner.
D.
Public parking within vicinity. The new development
is in close proximity to a public parking facility.
In all districts, the minimum off-street parking
requirements listed in Schedule III[1] shall be provided and maintained in the case of new construction,
alterations which increase the number of required parking units and
changes in use that require a site plan review, special use permit,
rezoning or variance.
[1]
Editor's Note: Schedule III, Off-Street Parking Requirements, is included at the end of this chapter.
In addition to minimum parking requirements
established in this code, the following stacking areas are required.
The size of a stacking space shall be 20 feet in length by nine feet
in width.
A.
Requirement. For every building or structure or part
thereof hereafter erected and occupied for the purpose of business,
trade or industry, there shall be provided and maintained on the same
property adequate space for the parking of commercial vehicles while
loading and unloading off the street or public alley. Such space shall
have access to a public alley or, if there is no alley, to a street.
B.
Use of loading areas. Off-street loading and unloading
space shall be in addition to and not considered as meeting a part
of the requirements for off-street parking space. Off-street loading
and unloading space shall not be used or designed, intended or constructed
to be used in a manner to obstruct or interfere with the free use
of any street, alley or adjoining property.
C.
Development of loading. Off-street loading and unloading
space shall be provided as set forth in this article at the time of
the erection of any building or structure and/or at the time any building
or structure is enlarged or increased in capacity.
D.
Maintenance. Off-street loading shall be provided
and maintained as long as such building is occupied or unless equivalent
facilities are provided in conformance with the regulations of this
article. Space required and allocated for any off-street loading facility
shall not be used to satisfy the space requirements for off-street
parking or stacking. An off-street loading space shall not be used
for repairing or servicing of motor vehicles.
E.
Location of facility. All required loading facilities
shall be related to the building and provide for loading and off-loading
of delivery and other service vehicles and shall be so arranged that
they may be used without blocking or otherwise interfering with the
use of access ways, parking or stacking facilities, public streets
or sidewalks. A required loading space shall not face or be visible
from the frontage street and shall not be located in a required front
yard or a required side or rear yard if adjoining a residential District.
F.
Access driveway. Each required off-street loading
space shall be designed for vehicular access by means of a driveway,
or driveways, to a public street in a manner which will least interfere
with adjacent traffic movements and interior circulation.
G.
Minimum size criteria. Off-street loading space shall
be at least 20 feet in length by 12 feet wide. The area shall be exclusive
of the maneuvering space and each loading facility shall have a vertical
clearance of at least 14 feet.
H.
Required loading facilities. The following off-street
loading facilities shall be provided as required:
|
Use
|
Square Feet
|
Required Number of Bays
| |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Retail stores and services
|
Under 5,000
|
1
| |
|
5,001 to 40,000
|
2
| ||
|
40,001 to 50,000
|
3
| ||
|
50,000 +
|
4
| ||
|
Wholesale and industrial operations
|
Under 40,000
|
1
| |
|
40,001 to 100,000
|
2
| ||
|
100,000 +
|
3
| ||
|
Office buildings, hotels
|
100,000 +
|
1
| |
|
Hospitals and nursing homes
|
2,
1 of which is for emergency vehicles
|
A.
Access. Each parking space shall be provided access
to a public street through a drive or aisle of not less than 10 feet
wide.
B.
Dimensions.
(1)
Parking
shall be designed according to the following dimensions:
|
Angle
|
Stall Length
|
Stall Width
|
Aisle Width
|
Total
| |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
90°
|
19 feet 00 inches
|
9 feet 00 inches
|
24 feet 00 inches
|
62 feet 00 inches
| |
|
60°
|
21 feet 00 inches
|
10 feet 05 inches
|
18 feet 00 inches
|
60 feet 00 inches
| |
|
45°
|
19 feet 10 inches
|
12 feet 09 inches
|
13 feet 00 inches
|
52 feet 08 inches
|
(2)
Parking
for the physically challenged shall be in accordance with the New
York State Uniform Fire Prevention and Building Code.
C.
Grading and paving. Parking, stacking and loading
areas and access shall be graded and drained so that surface water
shall not be allowed to flow onto adjacent properties.
D.
Maintenance. Parking, stacking, and loading areas
shall be arranged, marked and maintained as shown on the final approved
site plan in order to provide for orderly and safe parking, storing
and loading of vehicles. The Town Board may also require structural
or landscape features including, but not limited to, bumper guards,
curbs, walls or fencing, landscaping or berming to ensure protection
of property and persons and privacy screening for adjacent land uses
with visual, noise and air standards.
E.
Illumination. Parking, stacking and loading areas
shall be illuminated only to the extent necessary to ensure public
safety. Illumination shall not be used for the purpose of advertising
or attracting attention to the principal use. Lighting fixtures shall
be designed, sized, and located so as not to cast excessively bright
light upon adjoining premises or cause glare hazardous to pedestrians
or persons using adjacent public streets.
F.
Pedestrian walkways. Walkways shall be provided to
link parking areas and buildings on the site to ensure pedestrian
safety. Special consideration shall be given to the protection of
pedestrians where drive-thrus are incorporated in the design.
G.
Driveways to parking areas. Entrance and exit driveways
serving parking facilities, drive-in businesses and other parking
areas shall be provided in location, size and number so as to minimize
interference with uses on adjacent properties and the flow of traffic
on adjacent streets.
