The work covered by this specification consists
of furnishing all plant, labor, equipment, appliances and materials,
and in performing all operations in connection with clearing and grubbing,
rough grading and street paving, complete, in accordance with the
specifications, applicable drawings and contract documents.
A.
All equipment, materials and construction methods
employed on this work shall conform to the Pennsylvania Department
of Transportation Specifications, (hereinafter referred to as Form
408) latest revision, unless specifically modified herein.
B.
For the purpose of emphasis and simplicity, a brief
summary of the most applicable section of Form 408 are presented herein.
However, the absence of any provisions of Form 408 from these specifications
shall in no way release this contractor from full compliance therewith.
In the event of specific contradiction between these specifications
and Form 408, the provisions of these specifications shall be binding.
A.
All cement, reinforcement, ready-mix concrete, and
all miscellaneous materials employed on this work shall conform to
the applicable provisions of PennDOT Form 408, latest revision.
B.
Bituminous paving materials shall be PennDOT approved
mixes from certified batching plants.
C.
Stone shall be PennDOT approved sizes and grades from
certified quarries.
A.
Clearing and grubbing. All objectionable materials,
including trees, stumps, brush, rubbish, and all organic or inorganic
material not suitable for fill shall be removed from the project area.
All root mats shall be removed to a depth of not less than one foot
below subgrade.
B.
Rough grading: excavation and fill.
(1)
Rough grading shall consist of excavation or
fill to the established grades, lines, and limits.
(2)
Topsoil shall be stripped and stockpiled outside
of the proposed street right-of-way.
(3)
Rock, if encountered, shall be removed to a
depth of not less than four inches below the established subgrade.
(4)
Fill shall consist of clean earth; stone or
such nonorganic material as may be approved by the Township Engineer.
Fill shall be placed in layers not exceeding eight inches loose and
compacted until the density per cubic foot is not less than 97% of
the dry-weight density. Compaction shall be accomplished by utilizing
a tractor and scoop, ten-ton roller, vibrating compactor or other
method as approved by the Township Engineer. Compaction tests may
be required by the Township Engineer.
C.
Fine grading; preparation of subbase. Final grading
shall consist of preparation of the subgrade for construction of street
paving. The subgrade shall be carefully shaped using a patrol grader
and compacted using a three-wheel roller weighing not less than 10
tons to not less than 100% of the dry weight density. Compaction tests
may be required by the Township Engineer. In case satisfactory subgrade
stability cannot be obtained, unsuitable material shall be removed
and replaced with suitable material.
A.
Crushed stone base course (standard street design).
(1)
Where
crushed stone base course is required, construction methods and materials
shall be in accordance with PennDOT Form 408, latest revision.
(2)
On
a properly prepared subgrade, an initial layer of fine material, meeting
the requirements for PennDOT No. 2A Aggregate, shall be spread to
a depth of two inches. This initial layer of fine material shall not
be placed on a wet, frozen or unsuitable subgrade.
(3)
Course
material shall be spread uniformly on the initial layer of fine material
to the required depth. Coarse material shall meet the requirements
for PennDOT No. 4 Aggregate. Particular attention is called to the
requirements of Form 408 regarding compaction. If compaction is obtained
by the use of rollers only (Method 1), base course more than eight
inches in compacted depth shall be constructed in two or more layers.
If approved vibratory equipment is used (Method 2), base course up
to 10 inches in compacted thickness may be constructed in one course,
used (Method 2), base course up to 10 inches in compacted thickness
may be constructed in one course.
(4)
After
the coarse material has been satisfactorily compacted, fine material
shall be spread uniformly over the surface with approved mechanical
equipment. Immediately following this operation, fine material shall
be broomed and rolled until the voids in the coarse material are completely
filled. The spreading and rolling of the fine material shall be carried
out in sections of not less than 150 feet nor more than 1,000 feet
in length. Each section shall be completely bound and compacted before
beginning another.
(5)
After
the completion of the application and rolling of the fine material,
the surface shall be sprinkled with water and rolled. This operation
shall continue, and additional fine material added, until all voids
in the coarse material are filled and a slight wave of grout forms
in front the roller wheels. Brooms, attached to the roller and hand
brooms, shall be utilized to spread the grout uniformly and unfilled
voids. After the wave of grout has been produced over the entire section
of base coarse, this section shall be left to dry. The surface shall
be sprinkled and rerolled on succeeding days, as required to bond
it thoroughly and to secure a satisfactory surface.
(6)
After
completion of the fine material, a second layer of fine material,
meeting the requirements for PennDOT No. 2A Aggregate, shall be spread
to a depth of two inches. This second layer of fine material shall
not be placed on a wet, frozen or unsuitable surface.
A.
Bituminous surface course superpave (standard street
design).
(1)
Where new crushed stone base course is to be
covered with superpave surface course, it shall consist of two courses,
binder course and wearing course of hot-mixed, hot-laid binder asphaltic
concrete, having a total thickness after final compaction of four
inches, two-and-one-half-inch binder course (PG 64-22 19 MM 0.3 to
three million ESAL'S, SRL-M), and an one-and-one-half-inch wearing
course (PG 64-22 9.5 MM 0.3 to three million ESAL'S, SRL-M) for residential
streets and 5 1/2 inches, four-inch binder course (PG 64-22 25
MM 0.3 to three million ESAL'S, SRL-M), and one-and-one-half-inch
wearing course (PG 64-22 9.5 MM 0.3 to three million ESALs, SRL-M),
for industrial streets. It shall be composed of materials and constructed
entirely in accordance with PennDOT Form 408, latest revision. Bituminous
pavers shall be self-contained, power-propelled units, provided with
an activated screed or strike-off assembly, heated if necessary, and
capable of spreading and finishing courses of bituminous plant mix
material in land widths applicable to the specified typical section
shown on the drawings. The paver shall be capable of being operated
at forward speeds consistent with mechanical finishing equipment is
not practical, material may be spread and finished by hand, if so
directed by the Township Engineer.
(2)
Breakdown
rolling shall be performed with a three-wheel or tandem roller. Intermediate
rolling shall be performed with a pneumatic tire roller. Finish rolling
shall be performed with a tandem roller. Roller weight shall be sufficient
to achieve not less than 95% of the density requirement established
by the Marshall method at the time of approval of the mixture. Finish
rolling shall continue until all roller marks are eliminated. In no
case shall vibratory equipment be permitted on bituminous surface
course.
(3)
Particular
attention is directed to Form 408 regarding weather limitations for
placing bituminous material. Bituminous materials shall not be placed
on wet surfaces, nor when the air temperature is less than 40°
F., nor when the temperature of the subbase is less than 40° F.
Adjusting rings. The use of brick adjustments
shall not be permitted. All manholes shall be adjusted to finished
grades utilizing no more than two, two-inch thick concrete adjusting
rings (four inches maximum thickness). Concrete adjusting rings shall
be one piece, no split rings will be allowed. Joints between cone
section, adjustment rings and frame shall be sealed with RAM-NEK or
Rub'R-Nek material to provide a watertight seal. If the proper adjustment
cannot be achieved by the use of two rings, the cone section shall
be removed and the proper barrel section inserted. The elevation of
the manhole frame and cover in new Township streets shall be set 1/8
inch to 1/4 inch below the binder course until the wearing course
is constructed. At the time of wearing course construction the frame
and cover shall be adjusted to finished grade by the use of concrete
adjusting rings.
A.
General.
(2)
Quality assurance.
(a)
American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM):
|
D1785
|
Specifications for Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC)
Plastic Pipe, Schedules 40, 80, and 120
| |
|
D2241
|
Specifications for Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC)
Plastic Pipe (SDR-PR)
| |
|
D2321
|
Recommended Practice for Underground Installation
of Flexible Thermoplastic Sewer Pipe
| |
|
D2564
|
Specification for Solvent Cements for Poly (Vinyl
Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe and Fittings
| |
|
D2855
|
Recommended Practice for Making Solvent-Cemented
Joints with Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Pipe and Fittings
| |
|
D2729
|
Standard Specification for Poly (Vinyl Chloride)
(PVC) Sewer Pipe and Fittings
|
(b)
Materials contaminated with gasoline, lubricating
oil, liquid or gaseous fuel, aromatic compounds; paint solvents, paint
thinner, or acid solder will be rejected.
C.
Excavation.
(1)
Preparation.
(a)
Natural gas lines:
[1]
Excavate main line trenches to a minimum depth
of 36 inches. Grade for the invert of the conduit plus that excavation
necessary for placement of bedding material. During street construction,
prior to installation of the stone base course, conduits shall be
installed at all proposed crossings. Conduits shall extend a minimum
of two feet beyond the curbline where curbs are proposed or a minimum
of five feet beyond the paving where no curbs are proposed to be installed.
[2]
Excavation for service lines shall be as nearly
perpendicular to the street center line as possible and shall be a
minimum 24 inches deep plus that excavation necessary for placement
of bedding material. A minimum of two feet beyond the curbline where
curbs are proposed or a minimum of five feet beyond the paving where
no curbs are proposed to be installed.
(b)
Electric conduits:
[1]
Excavate main line trenches to a minimum depth
of 24 inches plus that excavation necessary for placement of bedding
material. During street construction, prior to installation of the
stone base course, conduits shall be installed at all proposed crossings.
Conduits shall extend a minimum of two feet beyond the curbline where
curbs are proposed or a minimum to five feet beyond the paving where
no curbs are proposed to be installed.
(c)
Telephone and cable TV:
[1]
Excavate main line trenches to a minimum depth
of 24 inches plus that excavation necessary for placement of pipe
bedding material. During street construction, prior to installation
of the stone base course, conduits shall be installed at all proposed
crossings. Conduit shall extend a minimum of two feet beyond the curbline
where curbs are proposed or a minimum of five feet beyond the paving
where no curbs are proposed to be installed.
(d)
Where unsuitable bearing material is encountered
in the trench bottom, continue excavation until the unsuitable material
is removed, solid bearing is obtained or can be established, or concrete
cradle can be placed. If no concrete cradle is to be installed, refill
the trench bottom to required conduit grade, minus six inches for
bedding, with PA No. 2RC aggregate.
(2)
Width of excavation:
(a)
Excavate main line and service trenches to a
maximum width of 24 inches.
(3)
Lay conduit to a true uniform line with a barrel
of the conduit resting solidly in bedding material throughout its
length. Excavate recesses in bedding material to accommodate joints.
Do not subject the conduit to a blow or shock to achieve solid bearing
or grade.
(4)
Lay section of conduit in such a manner as to
form a closed concentric joint with the adjoining section and to avoid
offsets in the conduit.
(5)
Clean and inspect each section of the conduit
before joining. Assemble to provide tight, flexible joints that permit
movement caused by expansion, contraction, and ground movement. If
unusual joining resistance is encountered or if the conduit cannot
be fully inserted into the bell, disassemble joint, inspect for damage,
reclean joint components, and reassemble joint.
(6)
Assemble joint in accordance with recommendations
of the manufacturer.
(a)
Solvent cemented joints:
[1]
Camfer and deburr conduit. Clean socket and
plain end. Measure and mark the socket depth on the outside of the
conduit.
[2]
Apply primer to inside socket surface using
a scrubbing motion to ensure penetration. Repeated application may
be necessary. Soften surface of male end of conduit to depth of fitting
socket.
[3]
Repeat application of primer to inside socket
surface, then apply cement to conduit while surfaces are still wet
with primer. Apply cement uniformly taking care to keep excess cement
out of socket.
[4]
Immediately after applying the last coat of
cement to the conduit, and while both the inside socket surface and
outside conduit surface are soft and wet, forcefully seat the conduit
into the socket. Turn the conduit 1/4 turn during assembly to distribute
the cement evenly. Assembly should be completed within 20 seconds
after the last application of cement. Insert conduit with a steady,
even motion. Do not use hammer blows.
[5]
Hold joint in place until cement has set. Wipe
excess cement from the conduit.
(7)
Place sufficient compacted bedding and backfill
on each section of conduit, as it is laid, to hold firmly in place.
(8)
Keep trenches and excavations free from water
during construction.
(9)
When work is not in progress, at the end of
each day, and at the end of each conduit run, securely plug open ends
of conduit to prevent trench water, earth, and other substances from
entering the conduit.
D.
Conduit bedding backfill.
(1)
All conduits must be surrounded with a minimum
of six inches of stone dust on top, bottom and each side.
E.
Detectable warning tape for electric and natural gas
conduits.
(1)
The contractor shall furnish and install a metallic
warning tape in all electric and natural gas conduit trenches to assist
in locating these underground facilities in the future. This detectable
identifying tape shall be a color that is easily detected, two inches
wide minimum, and be imprinted as follows: "CAUTION BURIED UTILITY
LINE BELOW" of similar wording. The warning tape shall be installed
12 inches below the finished ground or street surface. Warning tape
shall be Terra Tape "D" as manufactured by the Griffolyn Company,
Inc., of Houston Texas or Seton Detention Tape as manufactured by
Seton Name Plate Corporation, New Haven, CT 06506, or an approved
equal. Materials shall meet ASTM D-2564 standards.
A.
Notch. Where specified, the edge of the overlay shall
be saw cut to a depth of 1 1/2 inches for the entire length of
the joint and the detached material removed to a minimum notch width
of 12 inches. A cold planer may be used. The vertical face must be
painted with E-6, E-8 or the same asphalt material used in mix design
[Publication 408, Section 401.2(J)].
B.
Sealing. All joints to be sealed with hot bituminous
material using PG 64-22. When wearing course is placed adjacent to
curb to form bituminous gutter, seal with hot bituminous material
of the class and type designated for wearing course and extend to
eight inches from the curb, applied evenly. The use of Class E-6 or
E-8 may be permitted in place of hot bituminous material [Publication
408, Section 401.3(G), (J)]. Streets that are to be in place for more
than one year with the binder course only shall be sealed immediately
following the installation of the binder course as discussed above
prior to the placement of the wearing course or prior to street adoption.
A.
Fabric. Where specified, the developer may install
a geotextile fabric in addition to the base course and bituminous
surface course to increase stability of the subgrade. The fabric should
be a polypropylene nonwoven fabric with a tensile strength of 200
pounds for local roads and 400 pounds for collector and industrial
roads. All geotextile fabrics must be approved by the Township Engineer
prior to installation.
