The standards and requirements outlined herein shall be considered
minimum.
A.
All portions of a tract being subdivided or developed shall be taken
up in lots, streets, public lands or other proposed uses so that remnants
and landlocked areas shall not be created.
B.
Reserve strips controlling access to lots, rights-of-way, public
lands or adjacent private lands are prohibited.
C.
Lot lines shall not cross Borough boundary lines.
D.
Subdivisions and land developments shall be laid out to minimize
cut and to minimize fill.
A.
The length, width and shape of blocks shall be determined with due
regard to the following:
(1)
Provisions of adequate sites for the types of buildings proposed.
(2)
Zoning requirements for lot sizes, dimensions, and minimum lot areas
per dwelling unit.
(3)
The limitations and opportunities of the topography.
(4)
Safe and convenient vehicular and pedestrian circulation and access.
(5)
In the design of blocks, special consideration shall be given to
the requirements of satisfactory fire protection.
B.
Blocks in subdivisions shall have a maximum length of 1,600 feet
and a minimum length of 500 feet.
C.
Loop streets shall have an interval of at least 500 feet between
intersections.
B.
Corner lots and through lots shall provide for equal front yard setbacks
on each street.
C.
Building setback lines shall not be less than specified by the provisions
of the Zoning Ordinance.
D.
Residential lots must front on and have wholly owned access to either
an existing or proposed street.
E.
Through lots shall be deed-restricted to limit access to the lower
order street.
A.
Utility easements shall be provided as necessary. Joint utilization
of easements by two or more utilities is encouraged.
B.
To the fullest extent possible, easements shall be centered on or
adjacent to rear or side lot lines.
C.
Easements shall be provided for utilities with a minimum width of
20 feet for a single utility. Where multiple use of an easement is
proposed, an adequate width shall be determined by the Borough.
D.
Nothing shall be permitted to be placed, planted, set or put within
the area of a utility easement except lawns or suitable low ground
cover.
E.
Where a subdivision or land development is traversed by a watercourse,
there shall be provided a drainage easement or right-of-way provided
to the Borough, conforming substantially with the line of such watercourse
and of such width as will be adequate to preserve natural drainage,
but not less than 30 feet, or as may be required or directed by the
Borough and/or the Department of Environmental Protection. The owner
shall properly grade and seed slopes and fence any open ditches when
deemed necessary by the Borough.
F.
No right-of-way or easement for any purpose whatsoever shall be created,
recited or described in any deed unless the same has been shown on
the approved plan.
A.
General. The developer shall construct and/or install such drainage
structures as necessary to:
(1)
Prevent erosion damage and to satisfactorily carry off or detain
and control the rate of release of surface waters.
(2)
Encourage all runoff control measures to percolate the stormwater
into the ground to aid in the recharge of groundwaters.
(3)
Carry surface water to the nearest adequate street, storm drain,
detention basin, natural watercourse or drainage facility.
(4)
Take surface water from the bottom of vertical grades, to lead water
away from springs, and to avoid excessive use of cross gutters at
street intersections and elsewhere.
(5)
Not only handle the anticipated peak discharge from the property
being subdivided or developed, but also the existing runoff being
contributed from all land at a higher elevation in the same watershed.
(6)
Maintain the adequacy of the natural stream channels. Accelerated
bank erosion shall be prevented by controlling the rate and velocity
of runoff discharge to these watercourses, so as to avoid increasing
occurrence of stream bank overflow.
(7)
Preserve the adequacy of existing culverts, and bridges shall be
preserved by suppressing the new flood peaks created by new land development.
(8)
If in the course of preparing or reviewing the stormwater management
plan the Borough determines that off-site improvements are necessary
to satisfactorily handle the stormwater from the proposed development,
the developer shall be responsible for the off-site improvements.
B.
Retention of existing watercourses and natural drainage features:
(1)
Whenever a watercourse, stream or intermittent stream is located
within a development site, it shall remain open in its natural state
and location and shall not be piped.
(2)
The existing points of natural drainage discharge onto adjacent property
shall not be altered without the written approval of the affected
landowners.
(3)
No stormwater runoff or natural drainage shall be so diverted as
to overload existing drainage systems or create flooding or the need
for additional drainage structures on other private properties or
public lands.
C.
Requirements for drainage structures and/or pipes.
(1)
Drainage easements. Drainage easements shall be provided to accommodate
all storm drainage requirements and shall be a minimum of 20 feet
in width.
(2)
Storm drainage pipe. The minimum diameter of all storm drainage pipe
shall be 18 inches or an equivalent thereto, with the exception of
detention basins, where smaller pipe may be utilized where necessary
to provide the required detention. The minimum grade of piping shall
be 1/2 of 1%. Structures shall conform to Pennsylvania Department
of Transportation Specifications.[1]
[1]
Editor's Note: Original Subsection C(3), Stormwater detention areas, and Subsection D, Stormwater management plan, which immediately followed this subsection, were deleted at time of adoption of Code (see Ch. 1, General Provisions, Art. I); see Ch. 345, Stormwater Management, for current provisions.
D.
Design criteria.[2]
(1)
The rate and volume of stormwater runoff must be managed as further described in the Penndel Borough Stormwater Management Ordinance, Chapter 345.
(2)
An overflow system shall be provided to carry runoff to the detention
basin when the capacity of the storm drain pipe system is exceeded.
The overflow system shall have sufficient capacity to carry the runoff
difference between the one-hundred-year storm peak flow rate and the
capacity of the storm drain pipe system. The one-hundred-year storm
peak shall be calculated by the Soil-Cover-Complex Method.
(3)
Detention basins shall be designed to facilitate regular maintenance,
mowing and periodic desilting and reseeding. Basins shall not be located
within floodplains or floodplain soils. In residential subdivisions
and residential developments, shallow broad basins are preferred to
steep-sided basins. The area of basins which have more than 50% of
the perimeter of their sides in slopes of greater than 10% or basins
that retain stormwater for more than 24 hours shall not be included
in the open space required.
(4)
The maximum slope of the earthen detention basin embankments shall
be four to one. The top or toe of any slope shall be located a minimum
of five feet from any property line. Whenever possible, the side slopes
and basin shape shall conform to the natural topography.
(5)
The minimum top width of the detention basin berm shall be 10 feet.
(6)
In order to ensure proper drainage on the basin bottom, a minimum
grade of 2% shall be maintained for areas of sheet flow. For channel
flow, a minimum grade of 1% shall be maintained.
(7)
The emergency spillway for detention basins shall be constructed
on undisturbed ground. All emergency spillways shall be constructed
so that the detention basin berm is protected against erosion. The
minimum capacity of all emergency spillways shall be the peak flow
rate from the one-hundred-year design storm after development. The
construction material of the emergency spillway shall extend along
the upstream and downstream berm embankment slopes. The upstream edge
of the emergency spillway shall be a minimum of three feet below the
spillway crest elevation. The downstream slope of the spillway shall,
as a minimum, extend to the toe of the berm embankment. The emergency
spillway shall not discharge over earthen fill and/or easily erodible
material.
(8)
The minimum freeboard shall be one foot. Freeboard is the difference
between the design flow elevations in the emergency spillway and the
top of the settled detention basin embankment.
(9)
Anti-seep collars shall be installed around the pipe barrel within
the normal saturation zone of the detention basin berms. The anti-seep
collars and their connections to the pipe barrel shall be watertight.
The anti-seep collars shall extend a minimum of two feet beyond the
outside of the principal pipe barrel. The maximum spacing between
collars shall be 14 times the minimum projection of the collar measured
perpendicular to the pipe. A minimum of two anti-seep collars shall
be installed on each outlet pipe.
(10)
All outlet pipes through the basin berm shall be reinforced
concrete pipe with watertight joints.
(11)
Energy-dissipating devices (riprap, end sills, etc.) shall be
placed at all basin outlets.
(12)
A perforated riser shall be provided at each outlet of all detention
basins during construction for sediment control. The riser shall be
constructed of metal or concrete. The riser shall extend to a maximum
elevation of two feet below the crest elevation of the emergency spillway.
The perforated riser shall be designed so that the rate of outflow
is controlled by the pipe barrel through the basin berm when the depth
of water within the basin exceeds the height of the riser. Circular
perforations with a maximum diameter of one inch shall be spaced eight
inches vertically and 12 inches horizontally. The perforations shall
be cleanly cut and shall not be susceptible to enlargement. All metal
risers shall be suitably coated to prevent corrosion. A trash rack
or similar appurtenance shall be provided to prevent debris from entering
the riser. All risers shall have a concrete base attached with a watertight
connection. The base shall be of sufficient weight to prevent flotation
of the riser. An anti-vortex device, consisting of a thin vertical
plate normal to the basin berm, shall be provided on the top of the
riser.
(13)
All drainage channels shall be designed to prevent erosion of the bed and banks. The maximum permissible flow velocity shall not exceed those outlined in Table 3 in § 355-29. Suitable stabilization shall be provided where required to prevent erosion of the drainage channels.
(14)
Any vegetated drainage channel requiring mowing of the vegetation
shall have a maximum grade of three horizontal to one vertical on
those areas to be mowed.
(15)
Because of the critical nature of vegetated drainage channels,
the design of all vegetated channels shall, as a minimum, conform
to the design procedures outlined in the Bucks County Erosion and
Sediment Control Handbook.
A.
General provisions and compliance.
(1)
No changes shall be made to the contour of the land, and no grading,
excavating, removal or destruction of the topsoil, trees or other
vegetative cover of the land shall be commenced until such time as
a plan for minimizing erosion and sedimentation has been processed
and reviewed by the Planning Commission, the Bucks County Conservation
District and the Borough Council.
(3)
Final approval of plans and specifications by the Bucks County Conservation District for the control of erosion and sedimentation shall be concurrent with the approval of plans of subdivision or land development and become part thereof. Final plans for minimizing erosion and sedimentation, as approved, will be incorporated in the agreement and bond requirements as required by the Borough. (See Article VI.)[1]
(4)
At the time a building permit is applied for, a review shall be conducted
by the Borough Engineer to ensure conformance with the plan as approved.
During construction, further consultative technical assistance will
be furnished, if necessary, by the Bucks County Conservation District.
During the development phase, the Borough Engineer shall inspect the
development and enforce compliance with the approved erosion and sediment
control plans.
B.
General performance standards.
(1)
Measures used to control erosion and reduce sedimentation shall,
as a minimum, meet the standards and specifications of the Bucks County
Conservation District. In cases where the Bucks County Conservation
District does not have standards and specifications for erosion and
sedimentation control, other known and commonly accepted standards
and specifications may be used, as approved by the Borough Engineer.
(2)
The following measures to minimize erosion and sedimentation shall
be included where applicable in the control plan:
(a)
Stripping of vegetation, regrading, or other development shall
be done in a way that will minimize erosion.
(b)
Development plans shall preserve salient natural features, keep
fill operations to a minimum, and ensure conformity with topography
so as to create the least erosion potential and adequately handle
the volume and velocity of surface water runoff.
(c)
Whenever feasible, natural vegetation shall be retained, protected
and supplemented.
(d)
The disturbed area and the duration of exposure shall be kept
to a practical minimum but shall not exceed 90 days.
(e)
Disturbed soils shall be stabilized as quickly as practical,
but shall not exceed 90 days.
(f)
Temporary vegetation and/or mulching shall be used to protect
exposed critical areas during development.
(g)
The permanent (final) vegetation and mechanical erosion control
and drainage shall be installed as soon as practical in the development.
(h)
Provisions shall be made to accommodate effectively the increased
runoff caused by changed soil and surface conditions during and after
development within the site. Where necessary, the rate of surface
water runoff will be mechanically retarded.
(i)
Sediment in the runoff water shall be trapped until the disturbed
area is stabilized by the use of debris basins, sediment basins, silt
traps, or similar measures.
C.
Site grading for erosion control. In order to provide more suitable
sites for building and other uses, improve surface drainage and control
erosion, the following requirements shall be met:
(1)
All lots, tracts or parcels shall be graded to provide proper drainage
away from buildings and dispose of it without ponding, and all land
within a development shall be graded to drain and dispose of surface
water without ponding, except where ponding (detention basins, etc.)
is part of the stormwater management plan for the site.
(2)
Concentration of surface water runoff shall be permitted only in
swales, watercourses or detention basins. Swales shall be sodded,
utilize jute matting, or other similar measures to ensure proper growth
of ground cover.
(3)
Grading shall in no case be done in such a way as to divert water
onto an adjacent property.
(4)
During grading operations, necessary measures for dust control must
be exercised.
(5)
Grading equipment will not be allowed to cross live streams. Provisions
shall be made for the installation of temporary culverts or bridges.
(6)
Tire cleaning areas shall be provided at each point of access to
the development site.
D.
Excavations and fills.
(1)
No excavation shall be made with a cut face steeper than three horizontal
to one vertical, except under one or both of the following conditions:
(a)
The material in which excavation is made is sufficiently stable
to sustain a slope steeper than three horizontal to one vertical.
A written statement to that effect from a civil engineer licensed
by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and experienced in erosion control
shall be submitted to the Borough Engineer and approved by him. The
statement shall affirm that the site has been inspected and the deviation
from the slope will not result in injury to persons or damage to property.
(b)
A concrete, masonry or other retaining wall is provided to support
the face of the excavation.
(2)
Edges of slopes shall be a minimum of five feet from property lines
or right-of-way lines of streets in order to permit the normal rounding
of the edge without encroaching on the abutting property.
(3)
Adequate provisions shall be made to prevent surface water from damaging
the cut face of excavations and the sloping surfaces of fills.
(4)
Cut and fill shall not endanger adjoining property.
(5)
Fill shall be placed and compacted so as to minimize sliding or erosion
of the soil.
(6)
Fills shall not encroach on natural watercourses or constructed channels.
(7)
Fills placed adjacent to natural watercourses or constructed channels
shall have suitable protection against erosion during periods of flooding.
E.
Responsibility.
(1)
Whenever sedimentation is caused by stripping of vegetation, regrading
or other development, it shall be the responsibility of the person,
corporation or other entity causing such sedimentation to remove it
from all affected surfaces, drainage systems and watercourses on and
off site, or to repair any damage at his expense as quickly as possible.
(2)
Maintenance of all drainage facilities and watercourses, both existing
and proposed, within any proposed subdivision or land development,
shall be the responsibility of the developer until such time as one
of the following is accomplished:
(a)
An easement for these facilities is offered for dedication by
the developer and is accepted by the Borough; it shall then be the
responsibility of the Borough.
(b)
If an easement acceptable to the Borough is established, the
maintenance shall then be the responsibility of the individual lot
owners over whose property the easement passes. For land developments,
the maintenance shall then be the responsibility of the owner.
(c)
A homeowners' association or other approved legal entity,
approved by the Borough, assumes the responsibility for the maintenance
of the development, including the maintenance of the watercourses
and/or drainage facilities.
(3)
It is the responsibility of any person, corporation, or other entity
doing any work on or across a stream, watercourse or swale, or upon
the floodplain or right-of-way during the period of the work, to return
it to its original or equal condition after such activity is completed.
(4)
No person, corporation or other entity shall block, impede the flow
of, alter, construct any structure or deposit any material or thing
or perform any work which will affect normal or flood flow in any
communal stream or watercourse without having obtained prior approval
from the Borough and/or Department of Environmental Protection, whichever
is applicable.
(5)
Each person, corporation or other entity which makes any surface
changes shall be required to:
(a)
Collect on-site surface runoff and control it to a point of
discharge into the natural watercourse of the drainage area.
(b)
Handle existing off-site runoff through his development by designing
it to adequately handle all upstream runoff.
(c)
Provide and install at his expense, in accordance with Borough
requirements, all drainage and erosion control improvements (temporary
and permanent) as required by the approved erosion and sediment control
plan.
A.
General.
(1)
All subdivision and land development plans shall include designed
methods to withhold and release, at a controlled rate, any runoff
onto adjacent property.
(2)
Lots shall be laid out and graded to provide positive drainage away
from buildings.
(3)
Storm sewers, culverts and related installations shall be provided:
(a)
To permit unimpeded flow of natural watercourses and in such
a manner as to protect the natural character of the watercourses and
to provide regulated discharge.
(b)
To ensure adequate drainage of all low points along the line
of streets.
(c)
To intercept stormwater runoff along streets at intervals reasonably
related to the extent and grade of the area drained and to prevent
substantial flow of water across intersections.
(4)
Storm sewers shall be placed in the right-of-way parallel to the
roadway and shall be designed as a combination storm sewer and underdrain.
When located in undedicated land, they shall be placed within an easement
not less than 20 feet wide.
(5)
Manholes shall be not more than 300 feet apart on sizes up to 24
inches and not more than 450 feet apart on greater sizes. Inlets may
be substituted for manholes, on approval by the Borough Engineer,
at the same spacing as required for manholes. In no case shall inlets
be spaced more than 450 feet apart.
(6)
Inlets and manhole covers and frames shall conform to Pennsylvania
Department of Transportation specifications. At street intersections,
inlets shall be placed in the tangent and not in the curved portion
of the curbing.
(7)
Stormwater roof drains shall not discharge water directly onto a
sidewalk or a street and shall be constructed to retain all discharge
wholly on the property except where such discharge can be conveyed
to a storm sewer system.
(8)
Drainage structures which drain watershed areas in excess of 1/2
square mile (320 acres) or which have a span of eight feet or more
shall be designed for a maximum expected runoff as calculated using
the Natural Resources Conservation Service[1] Technical Release 55, Urban Hydrology for Small Watersheds
(less than 2,000 acres). The design storm shall be a minimum fifty-year
storm. A one-hundred-year storm shall be used if the structure will
significantly affect the existing one-hundred-year floodplain. A water
obstruction permit shall be obtained from the Pennsylvania Department
of Environmental Protection for the waterway opening before final
design is undertaken.
[1]
Editor's Note: Formerly the Soil Conservation Service.
B.
Maximum expected discharge.
(1)
The maximum expected discharge (MED) shall be defined as the maximum
expected quantity of water created by the design storm arriving at
a particular location (inlet, ditch, etc.).
(2)
The design storm is a selected intensity of rainfall which tends
to occur once during a specified period of years.
(3)
The Natural Resources Conservation Service Technical Release 55,
Urban Hydrology for Small Watersheds (less than 2,000 acres), shall
be used for the calculation of the maximum expected discharge.
(4)
The maximum expected discharge from drainage areas contributing to
the storm drain pipe system may be determined by the use of the rational
equation, when the total drainage area does not exceed 100 acres.
(a)
The rational equation is as follows:
|
Q = CIA
| ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Where:
| ||||
|
Q
|
=
|
maximum expected discharge in cubic feet per second
| ||
|
C
|
=
|
runoff factor expressed as a percent of the total water falling
on an area
| ||
|
I
|
=
|
the rate of rainfall for the time of concentration of the drainage
area in inches per hour for a given storm frequency
| ||
|
A
|
=
|
the drainage area expressed in acres
| ||
(b)
The above equation assumes that one inch of rainfall falling
on one acre of land falls at the rate of one cubic foot per second.
Thus, the total quantity of water falling on an acre is represented
by IA.
(5)
It is necessary to adjust the total quantity of water falling on
an area (IA) because a certain percentage of the water is dissipated
by evaporation, transpiration, percolation, ponding, and physical
characteristics such as sinkholes. Therefore, the runoff factor "C"
is introduced into the rational equation to account for the dissipated
water.
(a)
The runoff factor "C" is a percentage factor which represents
the proportion of the total quantity of water falling on the area
that remains as runoff.
(b)
Consideration should be given to future land use changes in
the drainage area in selecting the "C" factor. For drainage areas
containing several different types of ground cover, a weighted value
of "C" must be used.
(c)
In no case shall a weighted value of "C" be less than 0.40 for
an area to be changed from its natural state.
(6)
Runoff factors for the rational equation.
|
Description of Area
|
Runoff Coefficient (C)
| ||
|---|---|---|---|
|
Residential
| |||
|
2-acre lots
|
0.40
| ||
|
1-acre lots
|
0.46
| ||
|
1/2-acre lots
|
0.50
| ||
|
1/4-acre lots
|
0.56
| ||
|
Townhouses, multifamily
|
0.70
| ||
|
Commercial
|
0.75
| ||
|
Industrial
|
0.80
| ||
|
Parks, cemeteries
|
0.38
| ||
|
Unimproved
|
0.35
| ||
|
Where the above table is not applicable, the following factors
may be used:
| |||
|
Roofs and all impervious surfaces
|
0.90
| ||
|
All other surfaces except forest
|
0.40
| ||
|
Forest
|
0.30
| ||
(7)
The coefficients in these two tabulations are applicable for storms
of ten-year frequency and less. The coefficients are based on the
assumption that the design storm does not occur when the ground is
frozen. Less frequent, higher-intensity storms will require the use
of higher coefficients because infiltration and other losses have
a proportionally smaller effect on runoff.
(8)
For less frequent storms, the coefficients can be used if they are
multiplied by the following factors for the return frequency required.
|
Storm Frequency
(years)
|
Factors
| |
|---|---|---|
|
10 and less
|
1.0
| |
|
25
|
1.1
| |
|
50
|
1.2
|
(9)
Rainfall intensity "I" curves are presented in Figure E.[2] The curves provide for variation in rainfall intensity
according to:
(a)
Storm frequency.
[1]
A ten-year storm frequency shall be used for the design of all
stormwater systems within the Borough. Provision shall be made for
flows from a one-hundred-year frequency storm to protect health and
property from injury or damage.
[2]
In all cases where storm drainage is picked up by means of a
headwall or inlet structure and inlet or outlet conditions control,
the pipe shall be designed as a culvert for a twenty-five-year design
storm.
(b)
Storm duration.
[1]
A five-minute storm duration shall be used if this duration
does not result in a maximum expected discharge that exceeds the capacity
of a thirty-inch pipe.
[2]
If a five-minute storm duration results in a pipe size exceeding
30 inches, the time-of-concentration approach shall be used in determining
storm duration.
[3]
If a five-minute storm duration results in a pipe size exceeding
30 inches, within any run of pipe, the time-of-concentration approach
may be used for sizing pipes from that point on by adjusting the time
of concentration. "Time of concentration" may be defined as the interval
of time required for water from the most remote portion of the drainage
area to reach the point in question.
(c)
Time of concentration may be influenced by:
[1]
The type of terrain over which the water must flow. See Table
1 for recommended average velocities of runoff flow.
[2]
Stream velocities. Prior to reaching the point in question,
the water may flow over land and subsequently flow into a stream.
The stream velocities shall be calculated from Manning's equation.
(See C below.)
[3]
The time of concentration shall be determined by the above-indicated
criteria.
[2]
Editor's Note: Figure E is on file in the Borough office.
(10)
Drainage area A. The extent of an individual drainage area shall
be outlined on a map of highest order available and submitted in duplicate
to the Borough Engineer with the design calculations for storm sewers.
The plan shall also indicate the "Q" anticipated at each proposed
inlet and the slope of the street or swale used to compute the inlet
capacity. Care should be taken to assure that all areas delivering
runoff to the point under consideration shall be included.
|
Table 1
| |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Recommended Average Velocities of Runoff Flow for Determining
Time of Concentration
| |||||||
|
Description of Course of Runoff Water
|
Slope in Percent
| ||||||
|
0-3
|
4-7
|
8-10
|
11-15
|
16-20
|
21-25
|
26-30
| |
|
Velocities in Feet/Second
| |||||||
|
Forest
|
0.5
|
1.0
|
1.5
|
1.7
|
2.0
|
2.7
|
3.5
|
|
Meadow
|
0.8
|
1.5
|
2.2
|
2.6
|
3.0
|
4.1
|
4.5
|
|
Cultivated (row crop)
|
1.0
|
2.0
|
3.0
|
3.5
|
4.0
|
4.5
|
5.0
|
|
Pavement
|
5.0
|
12.0
|
15.5
|
18.0
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
|
Natural draw not well defined
|
0.8
|
2.5
|
4.0
|
6.0
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
|
Lawn
|
1.0
|
1.8
|
3.2
|
4.9
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
C.
Capacity of waterway areas.
(1)
This section is primarily concerned with the removal of the water
arriving at a particular location. It is necessary that the drainage
facilities assisting in removal of water from the surface of the highway
and adjacent ground have adequate capacity to do so.
(2)
The capacity of the drainage facilities is measured in terms of discharge
and may be determined by the equation of continuity:
|
Q = AV
| ||||
|
Where:
| ||||
|
Q
|
=
|
discharge of water in cubic feet per second
| ||
|
The discharge capacity for a drainage facility at a particular
location shall be equal to or greater than the maximum expected discharge
(MED) for the location.
| ||||
|
A
|
=
|
the net effective area in square feet provided by the drainage
facility
| ||
|
By "net effective area" is meant that cross-sectional area of
the facility which may be used to carry water. It may not be desirable
that the entire cross-sectional area of the drainage facility be utilized
to carry water.
| ||||
|
V
|
=
|
the velocity of the water in feet per second
The velocity shall be determined by Manning's equation.
| ||
|
Manning's equation is as follows:
| ||||
|
V = 1.486/n R2/3S1/2
| ||||
|
Where:
| ||||
|
V
|
=
|
velocity in feet per second
| ||
|
R
|
=
|
hydraulic radius is equal to the net effective area (A) divided
by the wetted perimeter (WP)
| ||
|
R
|
=
|
A/WP
| ||
|
The wetted perimeter is the lineal feet of the drainage facility
cross section which is wetted by the water.
| ||||
|
S
|
=
|
slope of energy line (for approximation, use water surface slope
in wetted stream and streambed slope in dry stream)
| ||
|
n
|
=
|
the roughness coefficient
Acceptable roughness coefficients are presented in Table 2.
| ||
|
Table 2
| |||
|---|---|---|---|
|
Roughness Coefficient "n" for Manning's Equation
| |||
|
Description
|
"n"
| ||
|
Concrete pipe
|
0.012
| ||
|
Corrugated metal pipe or pipe arch
| |||
|
a.
|
Plain or coated
|
0.024
| |
|
Vitrified clay pipe
|
0.012
| ||
|
Cast iron pipe
|
0.013
| ||
|
Asphalt pavement
|
0.015
| ||
|
Concrete pavement
|
0.014
| ||
|
Grass medians
|
0.05
| ||
|
Earth
|
0.02
| ||
|
Gravel
|
0.02
| ||
|
Rock
|
0.035
| ||
|
Cultivated areas
|
0.03 to 0.05
| ||
|
Dense brush
|
0.07 to 0.14
| ||
|
Heavy timber—little undergrowth
|
0.10 to 0.15
| ||
|
Streams
| |||
|
a.
|
Some grass and weeds—little or no brush
|
0.03 to 0.035
| |
|
b.
|
Dense growth of weeds
|
0.035 to 0.05
| |
|
c.
|
Some weeds—heavy brush on banks
|
0.05 to 0.07
| |
|
NOTE: In considering each factor, more critical
judgment will be exercised if it is kept in mind that any condition
that causes turbulence and retards flow results in a greater value
of "n."
|
|
Roughness Coefficient "n" for Helical Corrugated
Metal Pipe
| ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Corrugations
| ||||||||||
|
2 2/3 x 1/2
(inches)
|
3 x 1
(inches)
| |||||||||
|
Diameters
(inches)
| ||||||||||
|
18
|
24
|
36
|
48
|
60
|
72
|
84
|
96
|
All
| ||
|
Plain or coated
|
0.014
|
0.016
|
0.019
|
0.020
|
0.021
|
0.021
|
0.021
|
0.021
|
0.024
| |
 |
D.
Design criteria. Additional design criteria for specific drainage
facilities are required as follows:
(1)
Shoulders in cut areas (without swales).
(a)
Water flowing in the shoulder shall not encroach more than 2/3
the shoulder width during a ten-year frequency storm of five-minute
duration.
(b)
The maximum velocity as determined by Manning's equation
shall not exceed the allowable velocities as shown in Table 3 for
the specific type of shoulder material.
(c)
Inlets shall be provided to control the shoulder encroachment
and water velocity.
(2)
Swales adjacent to shoulders.
(a)
When swales are provided in cut areas, the water shall not encroach
upon the roadway area during a ten-year frequency storm of five-minute
duration.
(3)
(4)
Inlets.
(a)
Where there is a change in pipe size in the inlet, the elevation
for the top of pipes should be the same or the smaller pipe higher.
A minimum drop of two inches should be provided in the inlet between
the lowest inlet pipe invert elevation and the outlet pipe invert
elevation.
(b)
If the capacity of the shoulder, swale, curb section or depressed
median section exceeds the assumed inlet capacities, the inlet capacities
shall govern the spacing of inlets.
(c)
If the capacity of the shoulder, swale, curb section, or depressed
median section is less than the inlet capacities, then the shoulder,
swale, curb section or depressed section capacity shall govern the
spacing of inlets.
(d)
Type C inlets.
[1]
This type inlet is designated for installation in nonmountable
curbs.
[2]
It should be noted that inlets will operate more efficiently
when they are spaced so that 5% of the gutter flow is permitted to
bypass the inlet (ninety-five-percent efficiency). Therefore, ninety-five-percent
efficiency will be acceptable if one-hundred-percent efficiency is
not practical.
[3]
Inlet capacities shall be based on Figure A, Inlet and Gutter
Flow Curves.
[4]
The capacity of an inlet at a low point of a street vertical
curve may be designed to accept four cubic feet per second from each
direction or a maximum of eight cubic feet per second.
(e)
Type M and S Inlets.
[1]
Type S inlets are designated for installation in shoulder swale
areas with back slopes 6:1 and steeper. Type M inlets are designated
to be used in swale areas where the back slope is flatter than 6:1.
[2]
Inlet capacities shall be based on Table 4, Type M or S Inlet
Capacities.
[3]
Where a drainage dike is used, the side slope of the dike shall
be 8:1 or flatter.
[4]
The capacity of an inlet at a low point in the swale (sump condition)
is a sixteen-cubic-feet-per-second maximum.
(5)
Storm pipes.
(a)
To facilitate the solution of Manning's equation as applied
to storm pipes, charts are presented in "Design Charts for Open-Channel
Flow," prepared by the U.S. Department of Commerce, which permit a
direct determination of the capacity of circular pipes.
(b)
Where headroom is restricted, equivalent pipe arches may be
used in lieu of circular pipe.
(c)
The minimum diameter of storm pipe shall be 18 inches.
(d)
Storm pipes will be provided in six-inch increments of diameter.
(e)
Abrupt changes in direction or slope of pipe shall be avoided.
Where such abrupt changes are required, an inlet or manhole shall
be placed at the point of change.
(f)
The minimum slope in a pipe shall provide a minimum velocity
of 2.5 feet per second but shall not have a minimum slope of less
than 0.5%.
(g)
The top of storm pipes shall be at least 24 inches below subgrade
elevation, except cast iron pipe, which may be three inches.
|
Table 3
| |||
|---|---|---|---|
|
Allowable Water Velocities
| |||
|
Material
|
Allowable Velocity Feet per Second
| ||
|
1. Well-established grass on good soil
| |||
|
Short pliant bladed grass
|
5 to 6
| ||
|
Bunch grass—soil exposed
|
2 to 4
| ||
|
Stiff stemmed grass
|
2 to 3
| ||
|
2 Earth without vegetation
| |||
|
Fine sand or silt
|
1 to 2
| ||
|
Ordinary firm loam
|
2 to 3
| ||
|
Stiff clay
|
3 to 5
| ||
|
Clay and gravel
|
4 to 5
| ||
|
Coarse gravel
|
4 to 5
| ||
|
Soft shale
|
5 to 6
| ||
|
3. Shoulders
| |||
|
Earth
|
See 2 above.
| ||
|
Stabilized
|
6
| ||
|
Paved
|
10 to 15
| ||
|
Table 4
| ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Type M or S Inlet Capacities (In Swale)
| ||||||
|
Back Slope
| ||||||
|
Grade
|
2:1
|
4:1
|
6:1
|
12:1
|
Dike
| |
|
1.0
|
3.2
|
3.6
|
3.9
|
4.1
|
9.1
| |
|
2.0
|
3.0
|
3.3
|
3.5
|
3.7
|
8.3
| |
|
3.0
|
2.5
|
2.8
|
3.2
|
3.5
|
7.4
| |
|
4.0
|
1.6
|
2.0
|
3.0
|
3.2
|
6.4
| |
|
5.0
|
1.6
|
2.0
|
2.5
|
3.0
|
6.3
| |
|
6.0
|
1.6
|
2.0
|
2.5
|
2.8
|
6.1
| |
|
7.0
|
1.5
|
2.0
|
2.4
|
2.6
|
6.0
| |
|
8.0
|
1.5
|
2.0
|
2.2
|
2.4
|
5.8
| |
A.
At the time any application, petition or request is filed by any
person, partnership, association or corporation for the approval of
the construction, opening or dedicating of any proposed road or street,
the Borough shall be assured that said proposed street or road shall
be satisfactorily completed and said assurance shall be governed by
the provision of Section 5.09 of the Pennsylvania Municipalities Planning
Code.[1]
[1]
Editor's Note: See 53 P.S. § 10509.
B.
Any person, partnership, association or corporation making any application
or request for the approval of the construction, opening or dedication
of any proposed road shall bear all costs of inspection of such roads
and any drainage facilities connected therewith, all engineering costs,
all costs of survey, and all other expenses and costs incidental to
construction, approval and dedication of such street or road for public
use, including legal fees.
C.
Proposed streets shall conform to such county and state street and
highway plans as have been prepared, adopted and filed as prescribed
by law.
D.
If lots resulting from the original subdivision are large enough
to permit resubdivision or if a portion of the tract is not subdivided,
adequate street right-of-way to permit further subdivision shall be
provided.
E.
Streets that are extensions to existing streets shall bear the name
of the existing streets. Street names shall not be repeated within
the Borough, and all street names shall be subject to the approval
of the Borough Council.
F.
Dead-end streets shall be prohibited, except as culs-de-sac.
G.
No private streets shall be permitted except by express consent of
the Borough, in which case the private streets are to be designed
and constructed to meet all requirements of public street standards
and the recorded plan and other recorded documents shall disclose
the parties or persons responsible for the cleaning, maintaining,
improving and repairing of said private streets.
H.
New half or partial streets shall be prohibited, except where essential
to reasonable subdivision or land development of a tract in conformance
with the other requirements and standards of these regulations and
where, in addition, satisfactory assurance for dedication of the remaining
part of the street is secured by escrow funds or surety bonds that
said construction will be completed.
I.
Wherever a tract to be subdivided or developed borders on an existing
half or partial street, the other part of the street shall be platted
within such tract.
J.
Any applicant whose property encroaches within the legal right-of-way
of a state highway is required to obtain a highway occupancy permit
from the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation.
K.
Streets shall be logically related to topography so as to produce
reasonable grades, satisfactory drainage and suitable building sites.
Streets shall be so arranged as to be generally parallel to, rather
than cross, contour lines, as well as to prevent the necessity for
excessive cut and fill. Streets shall be laid out to avoid hazardous
areas such as floodplains, steep slopes and other hazardous natural
features. All existing stub and paper streets abutting or situated
within a tract shall be incorporated into a proposed street.
A.
Street hierarchy. The intent of this section is to create an integrated
street system for Penndel Borough to include all existing streets
and highways, all new residential and development streets, and all
new private, state or federal streets and highways. The street hierarchy
is related to average daily traffic (ADT) levels and other applicable
standards. The following hierarchy is hereby established:
B.
Classification. All streets shall be classified according to a category
in the street hierarchy in accordance with one of the following descriptions:
(1)
Arterial streets. Arterial streets and highways are those which are
primarily for throughways which carry fast-moving and heavy traffic
or may be considered to handle interstate traffic. Such streets or
highways are generally restricted to limited access, and for the most
part the authority for control of access or construction within their
rights-of-way is vested within the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation,
Bureau of Public Roads, or the United States Department of Commerce,
or both. Average daily traffic (ADT) of 3,001 or more.
(2)
Collector streets. Collector streets are those which carry traffic
from other collector, primary or secondary streets into the system
of arterial or major highways. Collector streets will generally carry
the largest volume of traffic at higher speeds, but will also include
streets necessary to carry traffic from one neighborhood to another
or to other areas in the community. This level of street is unsuitable
for providing direct access to homes. ADT of 1,001 to 3,000.
(3)
Primary streets. Primary streets are those which carry traffic from
the secondary streets to the system of collector streets. It is considered
the highest order street, permitting direct access to homes, and shall
be designed to exclude all external through traffic from other primary
streets. ADT of 501 to 1,000.
(4)
Secondary streets. Secondary streets are those which are used primarily
for access to abutting properties and generally serve only internally
developed areas. Secondary streets shall provide an acceptable, if
not maximum, environment for a residential neighborhood. ADT of 201
to 500.
(5)
Local access streets. Local access streets are those serving areas
of low population density to carry the least amount of traffic at
the lowest speed. This category shall include only those streets which
restrict through traffic such as a cul-de-sac street or a marginal
access street in a residential subdivision. ADT of 0 to 200.
(a)
Cul-de-sac streets are those which are closed at one end, of
less than 250 feet in length, and terminate in a turnaround with a
minimum right-of-way radius of 60 feet and an outer paving radius
of 40 feet.
(b)
Marginal access streets are minor streets which are parallel
to and adjacent to arterial or collector streets and which provide
access to abutting properties where residential frontage on the main
street is prevented.
(c)
Alleys are streets which provide access to the rear of residential
lots and are not permitted.
(d)
Single-access streets. A street with only one point of intersection
with a through street but where the street continues around and intersects
itself. Lots or dwelling units may be located in the island created
by street configuration. The distance from the right-of-way line of
the through street to the point where the single-access street intersects
itself shall not exceed 400 feet.
C.
Minimum width standards.
(1)
The following chart is a guide to minimum dimensional standards for
various classifications of streets.
|
Pavement Width
(feet)
| |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Classification
|
Traffic Volume
|
R.O.W.
(feet)
|
No Street Parking
|
Parking One Side
|
Parking Both Sides
|
|
Arterial*
|
3,001+
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
|
Collector
|
1,001 to 3,000
|
60
|
24
|
34
|
44
|
|
Primary
|
501 to 1,000
|
50
|
24
|
32
|
40
|
|
Secondary
|
200 to 500
|
50
|
22
|
30
|
36
|
|
Local access
|
0 to 200
|
40
|
20
|
28
|
30
|
|
NOTE:
|
|---|
|
* As required by state or federal requirements.
|
(2)
The above standards are minimum requirements. If it is determined
by the Borough during the review process that, in order to prevent
an increase in traffic congestion or to provide safety from fire and
unsafe turning movements, additional widths are required, standards
will be increased appropriately. Also, if it is determined that restricted
parking or parking on one side of a street is not desirable, the greater
widths will be required.
A.
Purpose. The purpose of these provisions is to establish appropriate
standards for the design of streets that will:
(1)
Promote
the safety and convenience of vehicular traffic;
(2)
Protect
the safety of residents;
(3)
Minimize
the long-term costs for the maintenance and repair of the streets;
(4)
Minimize
crime in residential areas;
(5)
Protect
the residential qualities of neighborhoods by limiting traffic volume,
traffic speed, noise and fumes;
(6)
Encourage
the efficient use of land;
(7)
Minimize
the cost of street construction; and
(8)
Minimize
the construction of impervious surfaces.
B.
Classification.
(1)
New streets will be classified according to the expected ADT level
of the street. The expected ADT will be based on existing and proposed
development conditions as well as future development conditions permitted
by zoning regulations. No new street shall connect to an existing
street if the expected ADT will exceed the allowed ADT level of the
existing street classification.
(2)
Trip generation rates shall be established in accordance with current
acceptable design standards. Minimum standard rates shall be as follows:
|
Housing Type
|
Average Weekday Trip Generation Rates
(trips per dwelling unit)
| |
|---|---|---|
|
Single-family detached
|
10
| |
|
Duplex (twin), multiplex, townhouse, etc.
|
8.1
| |
|
Apartment
|
5.4
| |
|
Retirement village
|
3.3
|
C.
Parking requirements. On-street and off-street parking requirements
may be used to determine street pavement width. The minimum parking
requirement shall be satisfied. In addition, spillover parking spaces
shall be provided to accommodate the vehicles of infrequent visitors.
Such spillover parking may be provided on the development or on the
street at the rate of one space par dwelling unit. When spillover
parking is provided on individual lots, the following criteria must
be met:
D.
Curbs and sidewalks. All streets shall be designed with curbs and
sidewalks unless otherwise approved by the Borough Council of Penndel.
E.
General design criteria. All streets shall be designed in accordance
with the current regulations and recommended standards of the American
Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO)
and the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation (PennDOT). Minimum
standards for the primary, secondary and local access streets shall
be as follows:
|
Criteria
|
Primary
|
Secondary
|
Local Access
| ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Vertical alignment
| |||||
|
Minimum grade
|
1.0%
|
1.0%
|
1.0%
| ||
|
Maximum grade
|
7.0%
|
7.0%
|
10.0%
| ||
|
Typical within 50 feet of intersection
|
3.0%
|
4.0%
|
4.0%
| ||
|
Horizontal alignment
| |||||
|
Minimum center-line radius
|
350 feet
|
140 feet
|
100 feet
| ||
|
Minimum tangent between curves
|
150 feet
|
100 feet
|
50 feet
| ||
|
Minimum stopping sight distance
|
275 feet
|
200 feet
|
175 feet
| ||
F.
Cul-de-sac streets. Cul-de-sac streets shall be used in lieu of dead-end
streets. Stub streets will be permitted only within subsections of
a phased development only when a temporary cul-de-sac is constructed
and adequate guarantees are made to ensure construction of a permanent
cul-de-sac if the street is not extended within three years. A cul-de-sac
or stub street shall not be in excess of 400 feet in length. This
maximum length is measured from the right-of-way line of the intersecting
street to the center of the cul-de-sac.
G.
Driveways.
(1)
Driveways to single-family lots and to attached housing units.
(a)
Driveways shall be located no less than 40 feet from any street
intersection. Driveways to corner lots shall gain access from the
street of lower classification when a corner lot is bounded by streets
of two different classifications as described herein.
(b)
There shall be adequate driveway turnaround space on each lot
so that no car need back out onto a street in order to leave the lot.
(c)
Driveways shall be so located, designed and constructed as to
provide a reasonable sight distance at intersections with streets
on a stopping space, not to exceed a four-percent grade, 20 feet behind
the right-of-way line.
(d)
All driveways shall be at least five feet from any side or rear
lot line for single-family lots and at least two feet from the property
line for attached housing units.
(2)
Access to parking areas.
(a)
All entrance drives serving four or less dwelling units shall,
at a minimum, be designed to single-family driveway standards above.
(b)
All entrance drives which may be expected to convey less than 200 ADT volume and greater than Subsection G(2)(a) above shall be laid out to conform to the design, service and access standards established in this chapter for local access streets and shall be considered a local access street for purposes of establishing the street hierarchy.
(c)
All entrance drives which may be expected to convey greater
than 200 ADT but less than 1,000 ADT volume shall be laid out to conform
to the minimum design, service and access standards specified in this
chapter for secondary streets and shall be considered a secondary
street.
(d)
See design standards for driveway entrances.
A.
Industrial/commercial streets.
(1)
Street access. Special purpose streets may only intersect existing
streets.
(2)
Cartway width, right-of-way and curbing. A minimum paved cartway
width of 26 feet with curbing and a sixty-foot right-of-way is required
if on-street parking is prohibited. A minimum paved cartway width
of 44 feet with curbing and a seventy-foot right-of-way is required
if on-street parking is allowed.
(3)
Moving lanes. All industrial/commercial streets shall be provided
with a minimum of two continuous moving lanes in which no parking
is permitted.
(5)
Dedication. The Borough reserves the right to refuse dedication of
a special purpose street. An appropriate legal mechanism for ownership
and maintenance will be required where the streets are not accepted
for dedication.
A.
Classification and design. Marginal access streets are required,
unless specifically waived by the Borough, as an alternative to stripping
off lots along existing or proposed arterial or collector streets.
Marginal access roads shall be classified and designed to conform
with the design standards and service restrictions of local access
streets.
B.
Intersection spacing. The minimum distance between intersections
of the marginal access street with other streets shall be 300 feet.
C.
Distance between cartways. A minimum distance of 30 feet shall be
provided between the marginal access street cartway and the higher
order street cartway. This area shall be used to provide a visual
screen between the roadways by landscaping or by use of a berm.
A.
Corner sight distance (clear sight triangle).
(1)
Whenever a proposed street intersects an existing or proposed street
of higher order in the street hierarchy, the street of lower order
shall be made a stop street. The street of lower order shall also
be designed to provide a minimum corner sight distance as specified
in the accompanying chart:
 |
|
Y
|
=
|
corner sight distance, measured from point a to c and c to d
| |
|---|---|---|---|
|
a and d
|
=
|
a point of 3.5 feet above the center line of the major roadway
| |
|
b
|
=
|
eye level from a car stopped at the intersection on the minor
road; for this chapter, b is situated 3.5 feet above the roadway,
20 feet from the edge of paving of the major road.
| |
|
c
|
=
|
approximate center of intersection of two streets
|
|
Minimum Corner Sight Distance (Y)
| ||
|---|---|---|
|
Major Road Type/Design Speed
|
Y
(feet)
| |
|
Existing street/50 mph
|
500
| |
|
Existing street/40 mph
|
400
| |
|
Primary street/35 mph
|
350
| |
|
Secondary street/30 mph
|
300
| |
|
Local access/25 mph
|
250
| |
(2)
The entire area of the clear sight triangle, described by points
a, b and c above, shall be designed to provide an unobstructed view
across it from point b to all points 3.5 feet above the cartway along
the center line from point a to points c and d.
C.
Intersection spacing. Proposed streets which intersect opposite sides
of another street (either existing or proposed) shall be laid out
to intersect either directly opposite each other or with a minimum
offset or spacing measured from center line to center line as specified
below.
|
Minimum Intersection Spacing
| ||
|---|---|---|
|
Major Road Type
|
Spacing
(feet)
| |
|
Existing streets
|
1,600
| |
|
Primary streets
|
300
| |
|
Secondary streets
|
125
| |
|
Local access
|
N/A
| |
D.
Intersection angle. Intersecting streets shall intersect at a ninety-degree
angle for a minimum of 50 feet beyond the intersection of the right-of-way
lines.
E.
Turning lanes. Deceleration or turning lanes may be required by the
Borough along existing and proposed collector and/or arterial roads
whenever these intersect other collector or primary roads.
(1)
Deceleration or turning or merging lanes may be required by the Borough along existing and proposed streets as determined by a traffic impact study required by § 355-45.
(2)
Deceleration lanes shall be designed to the following standards:
(a)
The lane width shall be the same as the required width of the
roadway moving lanes.
(b)
The lane shall provide the full required lane width for its
full length. It shall not be tapered.
(c)
The minimum lane length shall be as follows:
|
Design Speed of Road
(miles per hour)
|
Minimum Deceleration Lane Length
(feet)
| |
|---|---|---|
|
30
|
165
| |
|
40
|
230
| |
|
60
|
310
|
A.
Intent. The intent of this section is to provide for minimum landscaping
requirements for subdivision and land development in order to maintain
the Borough's natural vegetation, to provide for the harmonious
development of contiguous properties, and to prevent environmental
pollution.
B.
Required locations. The following landscaping requirement shall be
the minimum provided in any subdivision or land development.
(1)
Land used for residential, multifamily residential, office, commercial,
institutional, industrial or public uses shall devote a minimum of
10% of the total site area to the landscape requirements.
(2)
Land used for public or private off-street parking with an area greater than 1,000 square feet shall be landscaped, as part of Subsection B(1) above, with a perimeter strip of at least four feet wide along the side and rear property lines and at least five feet wide along any street line.
[Amended 2-7-2005 by Ord. No. 2005-2]
(3)
Buffer yards between noncomplementary zoning districts shall be landscaped
as required by the Borough Zoning Ordinance and may be included as
part of the ten-percent landscape requirements.
C.
Material requirements. The following standards shall apply for all
required locations except where noted for a specific location.
(1)
Trees.
(a)
Each land area devoted to the landscaped requirements shall
contain at least one tree for each 0.1 acre of required area. This
requirement shall be met, whenever possible, by preserving existing
trees. The number of trees required shall be reduced by a credit for
approved preserved trees in accordance with current approved guidelines
for tree preservation and at least 100% of the ground area under the
dripline of each tree is maintained at the existing grade level. Any
existing grove or large area of trees shall not be disturbed nor any
trees removed without prior approval.
|
Preserved Tree Caliper
(inches)
|
Credited Trees
| |
|---|---|---|
|
3 to 7
|
1
| |
|
8 to 12
|
2
| |
|
13 to 19
|
3
| |
|
20 to 29
|
5
| |
|
30 or greater
|
7
|
(b)
For transplanting requirements refer to American Society of
Nurserymen's Standards for Transplanting.
(c)
Each tree must have a minimum trunk diameter measured at a height
of six inches above the finished grade level of 2 1/2 inches
and a maximum height of 12 feet.
(d)
In particular, approved trees for street planting include the
following:
[1]
Acer saccharum, sugar Maple.
[2]
Celtis occidentalis, hackberry (dry areas).
[3]
Praxinus americana lanceolata, green ash.
[4]
Gleditsia triacanthos, continental honey locust.
[5]
Ginkgo biloba, male species only.
[6]
Liquidambar styraciflua, sweet gum (wet areas).
[7]
Liriodendron tulipifera, tulip tree.
[8]
Magnolia acuminata, cucumber tree.
[9]
Nyssa sylvatica, black gum tupelo.
[10]
Phellodendrun amurense, amur cork tree.
[11]
Platanus acerifolia, london plane tree.
[12]
Quercus, oak—the following species: alba (white), coccinea
(scarlet), prinus (chestnut), borealis (red), velutina (black).
(2)
Perimeter of parking areas. There shall be a minimum of one tree
for each 40 linear feet of parking area perimeter strip. Grass or
other ground cover shall be planted in all such strips. A sight triangle
shall be observed at all permitted accessways, such that an unobstructed
view is maintained.
(4)
Street trees. Within any land development or subdivision, street trees shall be planted along all streets where suitable trees do not exist. As part of the requirements of Subsection C(1) above, one street tree shall be planted in the verge area for each 30 feet of road frontage. Street trees shall not be planted opposite each other along any street and shall be set on the right-of-way line.
[Amended 2-7-2005 by Ord. No. 2005-2]
(5)
Miscellaneous. All required landscape areas shall be protected from
vehicular encroachment by the use of wheelstops, curbing or other
suitable methods. No landscape area shall be used for parking; accessory
structures; garbage, trash or material storage; or any other functional
use contrary to the intent and purpose of this chapter.
(6)
Guarantee. Prior to the release of the applicant's improvement
construction maintenance guarantee, an inspection shall be made by
the Borough to determine that both newly planted and existing plant
material is alive and healthy and is continuing to satisfy the intent
of this chapter. Any material which is unacceptable at the time of
inspection must be replaced in order to satisfy this chapter as it
originally applied and to effect release of the maintenance guarantee.
(7)
Landscape plan. All existing and/or proposed landscaping required
to satisfy the provisions stated herein shall be shown on a landscaping
plan or shall be included on other required improvement construction
plans.
A.
The developer shall erect at every street intersection a street sign
or street signs meeting Borough approval, having thereon the names
of the intersecting streets. At intersections where streets cross,
there shall be at least two such street signs, and at the intersections
where one street ends or joins with another street, there shall be
at least one such street sign.
B.
Street signs are to be erected on or before occupation of the first
dwelling on the street. Temporary street signs may be erected on the
approval of the Borough but shall be made permanent when the first
dwelling unit is occupied on the street.
C.
The installation of all traffic control signs, equipment or devices
required within the development and along the frontage shall be shown
on the plan, approved by the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation,
where required, and otherwise by the Borough, and all installation
and material costs shall be borne by the developer.
A.
General requirements.
(1)
All specifications and requirements, materials and equipment shall
conform to the requirements of the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation
as outlined in its Specifications Manual, except where more stringent
requirements are specified in this article.
(2)
Any person, partnership, association or corporation may use in place
of the surfacing method outlined below any other surfacing method
which is approved by the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation
and the Borough Council.
B.
Subgrade. All roadways shall be constructed with no fill to be placed
in lifts over six inches in depth without thorough compacting, as
set forth by Specifications Form 408 of the Pennsylvania Department
of Transportation.
C.
Base course. The base course shall be constructed one foot outside
of each side of the finished roadway surface, except on streets requiring
curbing.
D.
Bituminous surfacing.
(1)
No earlier than six months but within one year after the completion
of the bituminous surface course, the surface shall be further treated
by an application of four-tenths' gallon per square yard of E2 or
E3 or the approved equivalent. A final stone course using 30 pounds
of three-eighths-inch stone per square yard, thoroughly rolled, shall
be placed.
(2)
The finished surface shall have a two-and-one-half-inch crown or
a one-fourth-inch-to-one-foot cross slope to conform with the subbase
and shall be uniform and conform to the grade line as established
on the approved plan.
(3)
The slope of all fills and cuts within the right-of-way and ground
adjacent to the right-of-way shall have a maximum slope of three to
one.
E.
Minimum street standards. The following are considered to be minimum
street construction standards. Each applicant shall evaluate the site
conditions to determine if more restrictive standards are required.
The Borough may require more restrictive standards on streets being
dedicated if site conditions warrant such standards.
|
Base Course
| |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Street
|
Subbase
(inches)
|
C.A.B.C.
(inches)
|
Bit. Con.
(inches)
|
Surface Course
(ID-2)
(inches)
| |
|
Arterial
|
6
|
10
|
2 1/2
| ||
|
6
|
6
|
1 1/2
| |||
|
Collector
|
6
|
10
|
2 1/2
| ||
|
6
|
5
|
1 1/2
| |||
|
Primary
|
6
|
8
|
2 1/2
| ||
|
6
|
5
|
1 1/2
| |||
|
Secondary
|
6
|
8
|
2 1/2
| ||
|
6
|
5
|
1 1/2
| |||
|
Local access
|
6
|
6
|
2 1/2
| ||
|
6
|
4
|
1 1/2
| |||
|
Single access
|
6
|
6
|
2 1/2
| ||
|
6
|
4
|
1 1/2
| |||
|
Industrial/ commercial
|
6
|
10
|
2 1/2
| ||
|
6
|
6
|
1 1/2
| |||
|
Marginal access
|
6
|
6
|
2 1/2
| ||
|
6
|
4
|
1 1/2
| |||
|
LEGEND:
|
C.A.B.C.
|
=
|
crushed aggregate base course
| |
|
Bit. Con.
|
=
|
bituminous concrete base course
| ||
|
ID-2 (1 1/2)
|
=
|
1 1/2-inch-depth wearing course
| ||
|
ID-2 (2 1/2)
|
=
|
1 1/2-inch-depth binder course, plus 1-inch wearing course
|
F.
Protective barriers. Guide rails meeting Pennsylvania Department
of Transportation specifications shall be placed at locations along
the right-of-way as required by Pennsylvania Department of Transportation
specifications and design manuals. This requirement shall be applicable
to all streets and highways, regardless of ownership.
A.
A parking space is a paved stall or berth covered or uncovered for
parking motor vehicles, excluding space(s) within a public cartway.
Parking facilities shall be provided off street in accordance with
the requirements of Penndel Zoning Ordinance and this chapter. Use
of any parking space for any other purpose is prohibited.
B.
Parking areas shall be designed to permit each motor vehicle to proceed
to and from the parking space provided for it without requiring the
moving of any other motor vehicle(s).
C.
At no time shall angle or perpendicular parking be provided along
public or private streets. All parking lots and bays permitting parking
other than parallel shall be physically separated from the street
and confined by curbing or other suitable separating device.
D.
Vehicles shall not be permitted to exit parking spaces by backing
into a public street. Access areas shall be designed so as to allow
vehicles to enter a public street in a forward direction.
E.
The design standards specified shall be required for all off-street
parking facilities with a capacity of three or more vehicles.
(1)
No one row of off-street parking of motor vehicles shall exceed 20
cars in capacity. Separate areas on a parcel shall be physically separated
from one another by ten-foot-wide planting strips.
(2)
Design standards for parking stalls shall not apply where the primary
purpose is that of vehicle storage related to sales, service or other
use. Unless otherwise specified, parking stalls shall conform to the
following minimum dimensional standards based upon their intended
function.
|
Parking Area Dimensions
| ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
(Minimum parking area dimensions shall be as listed in
the following table.)
| ||||
|
Angle of Parking
(degrees)
|
Parking Stall Width
(feet)
|
Parking Stall Depth
(feet)
|
Driveway One-Way
(feet)
|
Driveway Two-Way
(feet)
|
|
90
|
9
|
19
|
24
|
24
|
|
60
|
9
|
19
|
18
|
21
|
|
45
|
9
|
19
|
15
|
18
|
|
30
|
9
|
19
|
12
|
18
|
|
Parallel
|
8
|
22
|
12
|
18
|
|
Handicapped
|
12.5
|
19
| ||
|
Oversized*
|
(As determined by Borough)
| |||
|
NOTE:
|
|---|
|
* Depth indicated in chart is for all vehicles except recreational
vehicles, tandem trailers, trucks and buses.
|
(a)
Stall depth shall be measured from the curb, tire stop, or other
control device and shall be measured parallel with the parking angle
of the vehicle. Stall width shall be measured perpendicular to distance
between stalls and/or stalls and the curbline.
(b)
Parking for the handicapped or physically disabled shall be
provided for as follows:
|
Total Nonresidential Parking
|
Required Handicapped Parking
| |
|---|---|---|
|
0 to 9
|
None
| |
|
10 to 50
|
1 space
| |
|
51 or more
|
1 space per 50 spaces
|
(3)
All dead-end parking areas shall be designed to provide sufficient
area for backing and turning movements from the end stalls of the
parking area.
(4)
No less than a five-foot radius of curvature shall be permitted for
all curblines in all parking areas.
(6)
All automobile parking areas and access roads shall be paved and
constructed in accordance with minimum street standards, except for
single-family residential dwelling driveways.
(7)
The depth and width of parking areas reserved or laid out for commercial
and industrial uses shall be appropriate to those uses.
(8)
The layout of every parking area shall be such as to permit safe
and efficient internal circulation, in accordance with accepted traffic
engineering principles and standards, including truck traffic where
applicable.
(9)
Entrances and exits to and from off-street parking areas shall be
located so as to avoid interference with street traffic.
(10)
Every off-street parking area shall include sufficient stacking
space to accommodate entering and exiting vehicles without overflowing
into adjacent streets or service roadways.
(11)
Pedestrian crosswalks and islands shall be provided at intervals not exceeding 200 feet along the length of each parking area. These can be incorporated into the ten-foot division required in Subsection E(1) above.
(12)
For the purpose of servicing any property held under single
and separate ownership, entrance and exit drives crossing the street
lot line shall be limited to two along the frontage of any single
street, and their center lines shall be spaced at least 80 feet apart.
On all corner properties there shall be spaced a minimum of 60 feet,
measured at the curbline, between the center line of any entrance
or exit drive and the street line of the street parallel to said access
drive.
(13)
Access drives shall be at least 12 feet from any property line,
except for the additional requirements of buffer yards.
(14)
Concrete tire bumpers shall be installed so as to prevent vehicle
overhang on the sidewalk area.
F.
Lighting. Parking areas for commercial, industrial and multifamily
residential developments shall be lighted. All artificial lighting
used to illuminate any parking area shall be so designed that no direct
rays shall fall upon any neighboring property or street. A minimum
level of one footcandle of light shall be maintained. Lighting standards
shall be located not less than five feet from the paving of parking
spaces, drives or streets.
G.
Parking lots with less than 20 spaces shall not have a grade exceeding
5%. Parking lots with 20 or more spaces shall not have a grade exceeding
3%.
H.
All parking areas shall have at least one tree of one-and-one-half-inch
caliper minimum for every five parking spaces in single bays and one
tree of one-and-one-half-inch caliper minimum for every 10 parking
spaces in double bays. Trees shall be planted in such a manner as
to afford maximum protection from the sun for parked vehicles.
I.
All parking spaces shall be marked with a four-inch-wide painted
line so that individual spaces are identifiable.
J.
Curbs or tire stops shall be designed for the protection of planting
strips and pedestrianwalks.
A.
All subdivisions and land developments shall satisfy requirements
for the preservation, ownership and maintenance of open space as specified
in the Penndel Borough Zoning Ordinance or as part of this chapter.
Open space shall include both improved and unimproved areas of natural
resources, lands for public or private facilities, lands for recreation,
and lands restricted or limited from development.
(1)
Natural resources shall include such items as steep slopes, forest,
ponds, wetland, or other lands with similar resource limitations.
(2)
Public and private facilities shall include areas proposed for stormwater
management facilities, buffer yards, utility easements, water and
sewage disposal facilities, etc.
(3)
Recreation areas shall include either active or passive recreation
facilities such as playgrounds, parks, etc.
(4)
Restricted lands shall include flood-prone areas, alluvial soils,
and stormwater management facilities which are regulated by other
sections of this chapter.
B.
Site requirements.
(1)
Areas proposed for open space shall be of a size and configuration
which will ensure the function of the open space, which will be easily
maintained and managed, and which will be accessible for the purpose
of the area designated. If publicly owned, all open space shall be
accessible to all residents of the Borough. If privately owned, the
open space shall be accessible to all residents of the development.
(2)
Access to all open space shall be provided from a private or public
street, depending upon the form of ownership, but in no case shall
access be taken from other than a street.
(3)
Open space shall not include any land occupied by buildings, roads
or rights-of-way, yards or lots of single or multifamily dwelling
units, or parking areas.
C.
Refer to open space requirements of the Zoning Ordinance.
D.
Ownership. The applicant shall be responsible for establishing a
form of ownership which is acceptable to the Borough and which will
ensure that the areas will be preserved and maintained in perpetuity.
E.
Installation and maintenance. Each subdivision and land development
shall be required to develop the method and means for the installation
and/or maintenance of all open space areas.
(1)
A performance bond or other security shall be established to cover
costs of improving, constructing or installing open space or facilities
within same. Any planting, recreational facilities, stormwater management
facilities, etc., shall be fully guaranteed.
(2)
The maintenance of all open space shall be guaranteed by the establishment
of an approved form of ownership. Any lands to be dedicated to Penndel
Borough shall be further guaranteed by the establishment of a preservation
fund, which shall consist of a cash contribution to Penndel Borough
in an amount which will generate income equivalent to the annual maintenance
cost of the open space.
Section 355-40C requires a minimum amount of open space for development. A portion of that open space is required to be for recreation purposes. In conjunction with good site design practices, the following criteria are to be used in evaluating the recreation area proposed on a development plan.
A.
The recreational activities and/or facilities for which the area
is intended must be specified on the development plans.
B.
Recreation areas shall be readily accessible to all development residents
or, in the case of recreation areas dedicated to the Borough, shall
be easily and safely accessible to the general public. At least one
side of the recreation area shall abut a street for a minimum distance
of 50 feet for access of emergency and maintenance vehicles.
(1)
Measures must be taken to ensure that unsafe conditions will be avoided
when recreation areas are adjacent to streets or parking lots.
C.
The configuration of the recreation area must be able to accommodate
recreation activities proposed by the development plans. The required
minimum area shall not include narrow or irregular pieces of land
which are remnants from lotting and/or street and parking areas. Recreational
areas shall have a minimum dimension of 20 feet.
D.
Recreation areas required by this chapter shall not include lands
identified as open space with natural resources, public or private
facilities, or restricted lands.
E.
Recreation areas shall not be traversed by utility easements unless
said utilities are placed underground and no part of them or their
supportive equipment protrudes above ground level.
F.
The following may not be located in recreation areas: sewage treatment
or disposal facilities of any type, water storage tank, well pumphouse,
and any similar use or other use which is not related to or associated
with recreation.
G.
Active recreation areas shall be located in such a location that
the use of the facility will not be a nuisance to the residents of
nearby dwelling units.
A.
Sidewalks shall be required on both sides of all streets.
B.
The minimum width of all sidewalks shall be seven feet in the RC,
MB, I and SC Districts and four feet in all other districts. There
shall be a minimum two-foot-wide planting strip between the curb and
sidewalk in all districts except in the RC, MB, I and SC Districts,
where it shall be three feet wide. This planting strip can be used
for the location of the underground utilities.
[Amended 2-7-2005 by Ord. No. 2005-2]
C.
The grades and paving of the sidewalks shall be continuous across
driveways.
[Amended 2-7-2005 by Ord. No. 2005-2]
D.
Sidewalks shall be constructed of 3,500 pounds per square inch concrete
with a minimum thickness of four inches on a compacted four-inch insulation
bed composed of slag, crushed stone, or gravel. Sidewalks at residential
driveways shall be six inches thick, and eight inches thick at commercial
and industrial driveways.
E.
Sidewalks shall be laterally pitched at a slope not less than 3/8
inch per foot to provide for adequate surface drainage.
F.
At corners and pedestrian street-crossing points, sidewalks shall
be extended to the curbline with an adequate apron area for pedestrian
traffic.
G.
Sidewalks shall not exceed a seven-percent grade. Steps or a combination
of steps and ramps shall be utilized to maintain the maximum grades,
where necessary. Where sidewalk grades exceed 5%, a nonslip surface
texture shall be used.
H.
In addition to the preceding requirements, all sidewalks shall provide
ramps for adequate and reasonable access for the safe and convenient
movement of the physically handicapped, including those in wheelchairs,
across curbs at all pedestrian crosswalks. These facilities shall
be constructed in accordance with the chapter titled "Pedestrian Facilities"
of the PennDOT Design Manual, Part 2, or any amendments thereto.
In addition to all other applicable provisions of this chapter,
multifamily residential developments are subject to the following
requirements:
A.
Arrangement of buildings and facilities.
(1)
All of the elements of the site plan should be organized harmoniously
and efficiently in relation to topography, the size and shape of the
plot, the character of the adjoining property, and the type and size
of the buildings in order to produce a usable and efficient land use
pattern.
(2)
Arrangements of buildings should be in favorable relation to the
natural topography, existing desirable planting, bodies of water,
views within and beyond the site, and exposure to the sun and other
buildings on the site.
B.
Access and circulation.
(1)
Access to the dwellings and circulation between buildings and other
important project facilities for vehicular and pedestrian traffic
shall be comfortable and convenient for the occupants.
(2)
Access and circulation for fire-fighting and other emergency equipment,
moving vans, fuel trucks, garbage collection, deliveries and snow
removal shall be planned for efficient operation and convenience.
(3)
Walking distance from the main entrance of a building to a street,
driveway or parking area shall usually be less than 100 feet; any
exception to this standard should be reasonably justified by compensating
advantages, such as desirable views and site preservation through
adaptation to topography. In no case shall the distance exceed 200
feet.
C.
Yards. Yards shall assure adequate privacy, desirable outlook, adequate
natural light and ventilation, convenient access to and around the
dwellings and other essential uses.
D.
Grading.
(1)
Grading shall be designed for buildings, lawns, paved streets and
other facilities to assure adequate surface drainage, safe and convenient
access to and around the buildings and for the screening of parking
and other service areas and the conservation of desirable existing
vegetation and natural contours of the land.
(2)
Grading around buildings shall be designed to be in harmony with
natural topography.
F.
Driveways.
(1)
Driveways shall be provided on the site where necessary for convenient
access to the living units, garage compounds, parking areas, service
entrances of buildings, collection of refuse and all other necessary
services. Driveways shall enter public streets at safe locations.
(2)
Driveways shall be planned for convenient circulation suitable for
traffic needs and safety.
G.
Parking areas.
(1)
Paved parking areas shall be provided to meet the needs of the residents
and their guests without interference with normal street traffic.
H.
Sidewalks.
(1)
Street sidewalks and on-site walks shall be provided for convenience
and safe access to all living units from streets, driveways, parking
areas or garages and for convenient circulation and access to all
facilities.
(2)
Width, alignment and gradient of walks shall provide safety and convenience
for pedestrian traffic. Small jogs in the alignment shall be avoided.
(3)
The alignment and gradient of walks shall be coordinated with the
grading plan to prevent the passage of concentrated surface water
on or across the walk and to prevent the pocketing of surface water
by walks.
I.
Refuse collection stations.
(1)
Outdoor collection stations shall be provided for garbage and trash
removal when individual collection is not made and indoor storage
is not provided.
(2)
Collection stations shall be located so as to be separated adequately
from habitable buildings to avoid being offensive, but at the same
time be convenient for both collectors and residents and shall be
screened and landscaped.
J.
Planting. The appeal and character of the site shall be preserved
and enhanced by retaining and protecting existing trees and other
site features, and additional new plant material shall be added for
privacy, shade, beauty of buildings and grounds and to screen out
objectionable features.
A.
Additional width of streets adjacent to areas proposed for nonresidential
use may be required to assure the free flow of through traffic unimpeded
by vehicles entering or leaving parking areas.
B.
The access requirements of this chapter shall be met.
C.
For commercial uses, the developer may be required to provide separate
access for service vehicles and loading areas from the vehicular accessways
and parking areas intended for patron use. This may be accomplished
by using a separate accesspoint for service vehicles to move from
the road to the loading area. The applicant may also be required to
screen the loading area when deemed necessary by the Borough.
D.
Streets in nonresidential developments shall not be directly connected
to streets in existing residential developments.
E.
Parking areas shall be located or designed in such a manner that
they are visibly secluded from eye level in any surrounding residential
area. Grading to depress the parking area, raised berms, landscaping
or fencing are satisfactory methods to create such seclusion.
F.
All area, design and parking requirements shall conform to the Penndel
Borough Zoning Ordinance and this chapter.
G.
Refuse collection for nonresidential developments.
H.
Off-street loading facilities.
(1)
Off-street loading facilities shall be designed to conform to the
following specifications:
(a)
Each required space shall be no less than 14 feet wide and 55
feet long, exclusive of drives and maneuvering space, and located
entirely on the lot being served.
(b)
There shall be appropriate means of access to a street as well
as adequate maneuvering space.
(c)
The maximum width of driveway openings measured at the street
lot line shall be 35 feet; the minimum width shall be 20 feet.
(d)
All driveways and entranceways shall be graded, surfaced and
drained in accordance with minimum street standards.
A.
A traffic impact study by a qualified transportation planner shall
be required with the preliminary plan submission for all subdivisions
and land developments that meet one or more of the following criteria:
B.
Any required improvements identified by reference to the studies,
whether on or off site, will be a required improvement at the time
final plan approval is granted.
C.
Traffic impact study.
(1)
Traffic impact statements shall be based on the following criteria:
(a)
General site description. The site description shall include
the size, location, proposed land uses, construction staging and completion
date, or types of dwelling units. A brief description of other major
existing and proposed land developments within 1/2 mile of the proposal.
(b)
Traffic facilities description. The description shall contain
a full documentation of the proposed internal and existing highway
system. The report shall describe the external roadway system within
the area. Major intersections in the area shall be identified and
sketched. All future highway improvements, including proposed construction
and traffic signalization, shall be noted. Any proposed roadway improvements
which are part of proposed surrounding developments shall be noted
and included in the calculations.
(c)
Existing traffic conditions.
[1]
Existing traffic conditions shall be measured and documented
for all roadways and intersections in the area. Existing traffic volumes
for average daily traffic, including weekends as appropriate due to
the special characteristics of the area, peak highway hour(s) traffic,
and peak development-generated hour(s) traffic shall be recorded.
Manual traffic counts at major intersections in the study area shall
be conducted, encompassing the peak highway and development-generated
hour(s), and documentation shall be included in the report. A volume/capacity
analysis based upon existing volumes shall be performed during the
peak highway hour(s) and the peak development-generated hour(s) for
all roadways and major intersections in the study area. Levels of
service shall be determined for each location.
[2]
This analysis will determine the adequacy of the existing roadway
system to serve the current traffic demand. Roadways and/or intersections
experiencing levels of service E and F shall be noted as congestion
locations.
(d)
Traffic impact of the development. Estimation of vehicular trips
to result from the proposal shall be completed for the average daily
peak highway hour(s). Vehicular trip generation rates to be used for
this calculation shall be obtained from the Trip Generation Rates
(see Table 6)[1] These development-generated traffic volumes shall be provided
for the inbound and outbound traffic movements, as estimated, and
the reference source(s) and methodology followed shall be documented.
All turning movements shall be calculated. These generated volumes
shall be distributed to the area and assigned to the existing roadways
and intersections throughout the area. Documentation of all assumptions
used in the distribution and assignment phase shall be provided. Traffic
volumes shall be assigned to individual accesspoints. Any characteristics
of the site that will cause particular trip generation problems shall
be noted.
[1]
Editor's Note: The ITE Trip Generation Table, as last revised,
is on file in the Borough office.
(e)
Analysis of traffic impact.
[1]
The total future traffic demand shall be calculated. This demand
shall consist of the combination of the existing traffic expanded
to the completion year (using an annual traffic rate available from
the Delaware Valley Regional Planning Commission or PennDOT), the
development generated traffic, and the traffic generated by other
proposed developments in the study area. A second volume/capacity
analysis shall be conducted using the total future demand and the
future roadway capacity. If staging of the proposed development is
anticipated, calculations for each stage of completion shall be made.
This analysis shall be performed during the peak highway hour(s) and
peak development generated hour(s) for all roadways and major intersections
in the study area.
[2]
Volume/capacity calculations shall be completed for all major
intersections.
[3]
All accesspoints shall be examined as to the necessity of installing
traffic signals. This evaluation shall compare the projected traffic
to the warrants for traffic signal installation.
(f)
Conclusions and recommendations.
[1]
Levels of service for all roadways and intersections shall be
listed. All roadways and/or intersections showing a level of service
below C shall be considered deficient, and specific recommendations
for the elimination of these problems shall be listed. This listing
of recommended improvements shall include, but not be limited to,
the following elements: internal circulation design, site access location
and design, external roadway and intersection design and improvements,
traffic signal installation and operation including signal timing
and transit design improvement. All physical roadway improvements
shall be shown in sketches.
[2]
The applicant shall be responsible for the implementation of
and the costs of all recommended improvements. The estimated cost
of the improvements shall be listed along with the projected completion
date of the work.
