[Adopted as Title 8, Ch. 7, of the 1977 Code[1]]
[1]
Editor's Note: This article was adopted 12-30-1977; reenacted
1-13-1992 by Ord. No. 1273 and amended 10-6-1980 by Ord. No. 936;
5-20-1987 by Ord. No. 1131; 7-6-1987 by Ord. No. 1133; 11-6-1991 by
Ord. No. 1267; and 4-3-2006 by Ord. No. 1523.
A.
Excavation. The excavation or rough grading for roads shall be carried
below the finished surface to a depth of approximately 9 1/2
inches for bituminous concrete base course construction and 11 inches
for crushed stone base course construction. The subgrade shall be
fine graded and shaped correctly to the proper cross section.
B.
Grading. The subgrade shall be brought to a firm unyielding surface
by rolling the entire area with a power roller weighing not less than
10 tons. Rolling shall be done from the sides of the road to the center
for the full distance of that portion to be paved and shall be continued
until the subgrade is thoroughly compacted. Solid rock, boulders,
soft clay, loose, flaky or spongy material which will not consolidate
under the roller shall be removed from the subgrade to a depth to
be determined by the Engineer. The space shall be filled with clean,
dry dirt or other suitable material and the subgrade rerolled until
it presents a smooth, even surface of proper shape and cross section.
C.
Where
a trench is cut in the travel lane(s) of a roadway, the permit holder
shall be required to mill and overlay the half-width of the roadway
a depth of 1 1/2 inches for the entire length of the trench cut. In
cases where the trench cut occurs on both sides of the street and/or
along the center line, the permit holder shall be required to mill
and overlay the entire width of the roadway a depth of 1 1/2 inches
for the entire length of the road opening.
[Added 9-12-2011 by Ord. No. 1602]
A.
Material. The material for the subbase shall be obtained or produced
from approved sources and shall consist of durable granular material
or granular aggregate mixed or blended with sand, stone, dust, soil
or other filler materials to provide a uniform mixture. The material
shall be free from vegetable or organic matter, lumps or an excessive
quantity of clay or other objectionable or foreign substances.
B.
Gradation. The size and gradation of the subbase material shall be
graded such that 100% of the material will pass through a sieve size
of three inches and 10% to 50% will pass through a No. 10 sieve size.
C.
Placement. After preparation of the subgrade, the material for the
subbase shall be uniformly spread by hand or by a mechanical spreader
of approved type. The material shall be rolled with a power roller
weighing not less than 10 tons until it is thoroughly compacted to
a firm, even surface and to a specified depth of three inches.
A.
General. After the subbase has been properly prepared and compacted
to a depth of three inches, there shall be constructed a two-course
Superpave 25.0 mm base course having a total depth of 5 1/2 inches
after compaction.
B.
Materials.
(1)
The bituminous material shall be per Section 309 of the Pennsylvania
Department of Transportation Form 408.
(2)
The fine aggregate for bituminous mixtures shall be reasonably uniform
in its physical properties and shall meet the grading and quality
requirements specified in the current Pennsylvania Department of Transportation
Form 408. The material shall be natural sand and/or stone sand, composed
of hard, tough, durable, uncoated particles, free from clay, silt,
vegetation or other substances determined to be deleterious.
(3)
The coarse aggregate shall be Type A stone, gravel or slag reasonably
uniform in its physical properties and shall meet the requirements
specified in the current Pennsylvania Department of Transportation
Form 408. The material shall be composed of hard, tough, durable,
uncoated particles, free from harmful amounts of clay, silt, vegetation
or other substances determined to be deleterious.
C.
Composition. The aggregate and bitumen meeting the requirements herein
specified shall be combined in such proportions that the total aggregate
and the bitumen in the base course will conform to the compositions
by weight percentages as approved by the Engineer.
D.
Placement.
(1)
Superpave 25.0 mm base course shall not be placed on wet surfaces
nor when the air temperature is 35° or lower, nor when the temperature
of the subbase is 35° or lower. The base course material shall
be hauled to the site in tight vehicles with approved covers of sufficient
size and quality to protect the entire load and to ensure that the
mixture is delivered at the correct laying temperature, free from
lumps of chilled material.
(2)
The base course shall be constructed of two layers with the bottom
layer having a compacted depth of three inches. The mixture shall
be spread or struck off by mechanical spreading and finishing equipment
for the entire width or for such partial-width lanes as may be practical.
The screed assembly shall be adjustable to give the cross section
required and shall be designed and operated to provide the required
depth.
(3)
Immediately after the bituminous mixture has been spread, struck
off, and surface irregularities adjusted, it shall be thoroughly and
uniformly compacted by rolling. The rollers shall be normally operated
so that the breakdown rolling is performed with a three-wheel or tandem
roller. The rolling shall start longitudinally at the sides and gradually
progress toward the center of the road, overlapping on successive
trips by at least 1/2 the width of the roller. Rolling shall be continued
until the rolling does not cause undue displacement, cracking or shoving.
The wheels of steel-wheel rollers shall be kept moist and clean to
prevent adhesion of the fresh material, but an excess of water will
not be permitted.
(4)
Any mixture that becomes loose and broken, mixed with dirt, or is
in any way defective shall be removed and replaced with fresh hot
mixture, which shall be compacted to conform with the surrounding
area.
A.
General. After the subgrade has been properly prepared and compacted
there shall be constructed a two-course crushed stone base course
having a total depth of eight inches after compaction. No subbase
is required if a crushed stone base course is used.
B.
Materials.
(1)
The course material shall be Type A or better, stone or slag, meeting
the requirements for No. 1 aggregate and shall be uniform in quality,
graded and of such size as to conform with Table C, Size and Grading
Requirements for Course Aggregate, Section 703.2 of Form 408, or the
equivalent section in any revision of Form 408.
(2)
The fine material shall be Type A or better, stone or slag, meeting
the requirements for No. 10 aggregate and shall be uniform in quality,
graded and of such size as to conform with Table C, Size and Grading
Requirements for Course Aggregate, Section 703.2 of Form 408, or the
equivalent section in any revision of Form 408.
C.
Placement.
(1)
The crushed stone base course shall be constructed of two layers
with the bottom layer having a compacted depth of five inches. The
course material shall be spread uniformly by approved mechanical stone
spreaders to the full width of the road.
(2)
Spreaders shall be adjusted to spread the loose material to obtain
a layer of the required depth after compaction. The course material
shall not be spread for a distance of more than an average day's work
ahead of choking and compacting. The course material shall be rolled
and thoroughly compacted with an approved three-wheel roller. The
rolling shall begin at the sides and progress to the center uniformly
lapping each preceding track and continuing until the material does
not creep or wave ahead of the roller wheels.
(3)
After the course material has been satisfactorily rolled and compacted,
fine material shall be uniformly spread over the surface with approved
mechanical equipment. The fine material shall be broomed and rolled
until the voids in the course material are completely filled and the
base course is thoroughly compacted and firmly set.
A.
General. After the crushed aggregate base course has been properly
prepared and compacted, there shall be constructed a three-inch binder
course of hot-mixed, hot-laid Superpave 25.0 mm binder courses. No
binder course is required over a Superpave 25.0 mm base course.
B.
Materials.
(1)
The bituminous material shall be per Section 409 of the Pennsylvania
Department of Transportation Form 408.
(2)
The fine aggregate for bituminous mixtures shall be reasonably uniform
in its physical properties and shall meet the grading and quality
requirements specified in the current Pennsylvania Department of Transportation,
Form 408. The material shall be natural sand and/or stone sand, composed
of hard, tough, durable, uncoated particles, free from clay, silt,
vegetation or other substances determined to be deleterious.
(3)
The course aggregate shall be Type A stone, gravel or slag reasonably
uniform in its physical properties and shall meet the requirements
for No. 1B and No. 2B material specified in the current Pennsylvania
Department of Transportation Form 408. The material shall be composed
of hard, tough, durable, uncoated particles, free from harmful amounts
of clay, silt, vegetation or other substances determined to be deleterious.
(4)
Filler material may be composed of cement, cement dust, fly ash,
or fines free of clay resulting from the crushing of stone, gravel
or slag. The material shall meet the requirements specified in the
current Pennsylvania Department of Transportation Form 408.
C.
Composition. The fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, bitumen and filler,
if required, meeting the requirements herein specified, shall be combined
in such proportions that the total aggregate and bitumen in the binder
course shall conform to the compositions by weight percentages as
specified by the Engineer.
D.
Placement.
(1)
The Superpave 25 mm binder course shall not be placed on wet surfaces
nor when the air temperature is 40° F. or lower. The material
shall be hauled to the site in tight vehicles with approved covers
of sufficient size and quality to protect the entire load and to ensure
that the mixture is delivered at the correct laying temperature, free
from lumps of chilled material.
(2)
The binder material shall be spread or struck off by mechanical spreading
and finishing equipment for the entire width or for such partial-width
lanes as may be practical. The screed assembly shall be adjustable
to give the cross section required and shall be designed and operated
to provide the required depth.
(3)
Immediately after the binder material has been spread, struck off
and surface irregularities adjusted, it shall be thoroughly and uniformly
compacted by rolling. The rollers shall be normally operated so that
the breakdown rolling is performed with a three-wheel or tandem roller.
The rolling shall start longitudinally at the sides and gradually
progress toward the center of the road, overlapping on successive
trips by at least 1/2 the width of the roller. Rolling shall be continued
until the rolling does not cause undue displacement, cracking or shoving.
The wheels of steel-wheel rollers shall be kept moist and clean to
prevent adhesion of the fresh material, but an excess of water will
not be permitted.
(4)
Any mixture that becomes loose and broken, mixed with dirt or is
in any way defective shall be removed and replaced with fresh hot
mixture, which shall be compacted to conform with the surrounding
area.
A.
General. This work shall consist of constructing a one-and-one-half-inch
wearing course of hot-mixed, hot-laid asphalt concrete Superpave 9.5
mm on a properly prepared and compacted surface.
B.
Material.
(1)
The asphalt cement shall be per Section 409, Pennsylvania Department
of Transportation Form 408.
(2)
The fine aggregate shall meet the requirements for bituminous mixtures
specified for Superpave 9.5 mm wearing course.
(3)
The course aggregate shall be Type A stone, gravel, or slag meeting
the requirements for No. 1B material specified for Superpave 9.5 mm
wearing course.
(4)
The filler material shall meet the requirements specified for Superpave
9.5 mm wearing course.
C.
Composition. The composition of materials shall be as specified for
Superpave 9.5 mm wearing course.
D.
Placement. The placement of the Superpave 9.5 mm wearing course shall
meet all the requirements specified for Superpave 25.0 mm binder course.
A.
General. This work shall consist of constructing pipe underdrains
consisting of a trench 15 inches wide, 15 inches deep, with a four-inch
diameter porous pipe. The center of the underdrain shall be one foot
two inches inside the face of curb. Underdrains shall be constructed
on both sides of new roads and along the curbline of widened roads.
B.
Material.
(1)
The pipe may be porous cement concrete pipe; perforated corrugated
galvanized metal pipe-Class III; perforated corrugated aluminum alloy
pipe-Class III; or perforated bituminous-coated corrugated metal pipe.
The invert of the pipe shall be two inches from the trench bottom.
(2)
The trench shall be backfilled with No. 2B coarse aggregate placed
in three layers.
C.
Placement. The trench shall be excavated carefully, true to lines
and grades and to the above-referenced dimensions. The sides of the
trench shall be vertical and a layer of No. 2B coarse aggregate shall
be tamped in the bottom of the trench to a depth of two inches. When
perforated pipe is used, the perforations shall be placed down. After
the pipe is laid and inspected, the trench shall be filled with No.
2B coarse aggregate to the top of the pipe and tamped. The remaining
trench shall be filled with No. 2B coarse aggregate and tamped.
[Amended 9-12-2011 by Ord. No. 1602]
All construction standards shall meet the latest PENNDOT Pub.
408 specifications and Roadway Construction Details at the time of
construction, as well as the specifications issued by the Township
Engineer, as revised from time to time, and incorporated herein as
attached.[1]
[1]
Editor's Note: Specification drawings are included at the
end of this chapter.
