Township of Upper Moreland, PA Landscape Regulations

When required. Street trees shall be required for any subdivision or land development where suitable street trees do not exist as part of the design and construction of:

New streets.

New sidewalks or pedestrianways.

Existing streets, sidewalks, pedestrianways, highways, bicycle trails or pathways when they abut or lie within the subdivision or land development.

Access and/or private driveways or boulevards serving developments other than single-family residential developments and to residential developments serving four or more dwelling units.

Location.

Street trees shall be spaced to permit the healthy growth of each tree, but in no instance shall they be closer than 40 feet on center nor further than 60 feet on center for each side of the street, except in accordance with Subsection A(2)(e) below. Trees may be planted directly opposite each other or alternate each other from one side of the cartway to the other.

Street trees shall be planted from one foot to eight feet outside the ultimate street right-of-way and no closer than three feet to any public sidewalk.

At intersections, trees shall be located no closer than 50 feet to the intersection of the curb.

Where trees are existing along a roadway, the existing shade trees which would be suitable, based on species, condition and form, and are over four inches in caliper within 20 feet of the curb face may be counted toward the street tree requirement. (The caliper of existing trees is measured at a height of 12 inches above ground level.) Where such existing street trees are over 75 feet apart, new shade trees shall be planted between those existing street trees at no greater than 50 feet on center and no less than 25 feet from any existing tree.

When appropriate due to existing groups of trees at or near the street right-of-way, street trees may be grouped in an informal arrangement. If this method of street tree arrangement is selected, the distance between tree groupings or other street trees may not exceed 100 feet and the number of trees shall be equivalent to the three trees per 100 linear feet of street frontage per side.

(f)

Street trees are not to be planted beneath utility lines. If utility lines are present, the street tree row is to be moved to a distance not less than 10 feet nor more than 25 feet away from the line of the poles. Where this is not possible due to space limitations or other reasons, and when approved by the Township Landscape Architect, the species of street tree may be changed to a lower-growing variety.

[Amended 5-6-2019 by Ord. No. 1699]

(g)

Size, species and quality standards. Street trees shall be a minimum of three inches in caliper and a species suggested in § 300-47A, Shade trees. All main branches shall be pruned to a clearance height of seven feet above the ground. Secondary branching from main branches will be allowed to a height of six feet eight inches from the ground. Street trees shall have a single, straight trunk and central leader and shall be free of disease and mechanical damage.

[Amended 5-6-2019 by Ord. No. 1699]

Softening buffers.

Definition. A "softening buffer" is a mixed perimeter landscape planting intended to provide an informal separation between neighboring developments.

When required.

Refer to Table 1 for softening buffer planting requirements in each zoning district or land use.[2]

[2]

Editor's Note: Table 1 is included as an attachment to this chapter.

The buffer area shall be used for no purpose other than planting of trees, shrubs and lawn to meet planting requirements and may include an ornamental wall or fence. Any wall or fence shall be constructed in such a manner that it will not conflict with sight lines or conflict with the character of the abutting district. Details and elevations are to be provided to the Township Engineer and Township Landscape Architect for review.

The applicant shall not be required to provide a buffer yard planting if existing planting meets the intent of this chapter.

Within the buffer area, no man-made slopes shall be steeper than one foot in height for each four feet in width (25%).

A softening buffer is not required where a screen buffer is provided.

Location. In general, softening buffers, when required, shall be aligned adjacent and parallel to the side and rear property lines or right-of-way boundaries. Plant material used in the softening buffer shall be located within 20 feet of the property line or right-of-way lines and is to be grouped informally.

Quantity. Four shade or ornamental trees and 10 deciduous, evergreen or, semi-evergreen shrubs shall be included for each 100 feet of property perimeter. Refer to Table 1, Minimum Planting Requirements, for each zoning district.[3]

[3]

Editor's Note: Table 1 is included as an attachment to this chapter.

(5)

Plant material requirements.

Not more than 25% of shrubs shall be evergreen.

Deciduous and semideciduous shrubs may be used to provide color and a softer, more interesting natural effect.

All plant material used shall meet minimum height requirements as stated in § 300-47, Recommended plant list.

Refer to § 300-47 for recommended plant material.

Screen buffers.

Definition. A "screen buffer" is a predominantly evergreen perimeter landscape planting intended to provide a visual separation between neighboring developments. A "screen buffer" is intended to be an impenetrable visual screen. However, it is not intended to be a monocultural planting. No more than 25 trees of the same species shall be permitted in a row.

When required.

Refer to Table 2 for requirements in each zoning district or land use.[4]

[4]

Editor's Note: Table 2 is included as an attachment to this chapter.

In addition, all truck-loading, outside storage areas, mechanical equipment and trash receptacles shall be screened from view from streets and abutting all adjacent land uses in accordance with the standards for screen buffer size and type [Subsection C(4) below).

Location.

The screen buffer is to provide a visual barrier between adjacent land uses. The screen buffer shall be aligned adjacent and parallel to side and rear property lines and ultimate right-of-way boundaries.

Screen buffers shall be located within 20 feet of the property lines or right-of-way lines.

A screen buffer may be required adjacent to the front yard or street right-of-way if a residential district is the adjacent land use.

The screen buffer shall be arranged to provide clear sight triangles at street intersections and shall not obstruct sight distance requirements of the Township. The screen planting shall be continuous and shall be broken only at points of vehicular or pedestrian access.

Screen buffer size and type.

Trees used for screen buffers shall be composed of 100% evergreen varieties. Shrubs may be a combination of evergreen and deciduous varieties. The required plant material shall be so arranged as to provide immediate visual screen of 50% and at least eight feet in height at the time of planting. Where the screen buffer planting requires more than 50 trees, no more than 1/2 of these trees will be of a single variety.

Walls, fences and/or earth berms may be used in combination with evergreen plant material, subject to the approval of the Upper Moreland Township Board of Commissioners. Details and elevations of fences and walls are to be provided to the Township Engineer and Township Landscape Architect for review.

Use of plant material in lieu of fences or walls is encouraged where practical and appropriate.

[Added 5-6-2019 by Ord. No. 1699]

Parking area landscaping.

Requirements and design standards.

Refer to Table 1 for requirements in each zoning district or land use.[5]

[5]

Editor's Note: Table 1 is included as an attachment to this chapter.

In addition to the trees and shrubs required for buffers and parking areas, a minimum of 10% of any parking lot facility over 5,000 square feet in gross area, outside curb to outside curb, shall be devoted to landscaping.

Raised continuous concrete curbing shall be required around all planting islands. Planting islands shall be placed at the end of each row of parking spaces which begins and terminates at an internal circulation drive. Planter islands shall be crowned to a height of eight inches above the average top of curb height.

Planting islands shall be a minimum of 15 feet wide and 20 feet long. A minimum of one single-trunked shade tree shall be placed in each 300 square feet of planting island. Low branching ornamental trees and evergreen trees are unacceptable alternatives for shade trees within planting islands.

Shade trees located within any parking island which is less than 300 square feet measured from outside curb to outside curb will require permanently installed irrigation.

(f)

When parking areas are located within 150 feet from a street right-of-way or adjacent to any residential district, the perimeter of the parking area that is adjacent to the street or residentially zoned property shall be softened by a continuous low hedge composed of evergreen shrubs (24 inches minimum height at installation) around the outside perimeter facing the street or residential property.

(g)

Parking lot trees shall be a minimum of three inches in caliper, with a clear trunk to seven feet and of the recommended species as listed in § 300-47 herein. Parking lot islands shall be planted in lawn or ground cover only.

[Amended 2-7-2011 by Ord. No. 1598; 5-6-2019 by Ord. No. 1699]

Number of parking spaces between landscaped islands. The following number of parking spaces in a row may not be exceeded without a fifteen-foot-wide landscape island for the following uses:

Shopping centers, limited industrial, office and limited industrial: not more than 20 parking spaces in a row.

Commercial, commercial core, small limited industrial, professional office, institutional, office and high-rise residential: not more than 12 parking spaces in a row.

Residential, multiple-dwelling and public and private recreational use: not more than six spaces in a row.

Additional landscaping for shopping centers. In addition to the other requirements of § 300-43, the following shall be required for shopping centers with 250 or more required parking spaces (paved plus reserve):

Storefront landscaping. A minimum of 20% of the area between the curbline of the storefront driveway and the principal buildings (stores) shall be landscaped with ornamental plant materials, including shade, flowering and evergreen trees and shrubs.

Calculation of minimum landscaped coverage. The landscaped areas required herein may be included in calculation of the minimum landscaped or green area required by zoning.

Detention basin landscaping.

Whenever a detention basin or retention pond is provided, such basin shall conform to the landscaping requirements of this section.

The basin shall be so designed that the planting in and adjacent to it shall not have a negative effect on the hydrological function of the basin.

Where feasible, innovative wetland or ecological restoration techniques should be incorporated into the basin design.

Drainageways. Detention basins and retention ponds should be aesthetically pleasing and compatible with the adjacent land use. Creative grading and innovative basin forms are encouraged. Where basins adjoin existing woodlands, it is recommended that plantings be selected to blend with the natural surroundings.

(5)

Basin floors.

[Amended 9-12-2011 by Ord. No. 1602]

Soil covers other than lawn are required. Plans shall include a narrative and schedule for short- and long-term maintenance to include cutting/harvesting, reseeding, fertilizing and selective weed removal.

Floors dry most of the year shall be landscaped with low-maintenance wildflowers and meadow grasses supplemented with shrubs and trees in compliance with § 300-43K and Pennsylvania BMP requirements.

Basin floors, portions of a floor or channels which are wet most of the year shall be landscaped with wet habitat grasses and herbaceous perennial plants supplemented with shrubs and trees in compliance with § 300-43K and Pennsylvania BMP requirements.

(6)

Basin slopes. Slopes shall be seeded in PennDOT Formula "L" modified seed or an appropriate naturalized seed mix.

[Amended 5-6-2019 by Ord. No. 1699]

(7)

Basin perimeter plantings.

There shall be a minimum of one shade tree and four shrubs informally arranged for each 50 linear feet of basin perimeter measured at the high water line. To promote diversity, up to 50% of the shade trees may be substituted with an option of two flowering trees or two evergreen trees. No trees shall be planted on the fill area of the berm.

[Amended 9-12-2011 by Ord. No. 1602]

This requirement is in addition to required softening buffers where basins are against property edges.

This requirement may be waived along portions of a basin where a screen buffer is required and where the applicant can demonstrate that such added buffer will not produce added screening benefit.

Sufficient planted area shall be provided between stormwater basins and property lines to permit the satisfactory grading and spacing and placement of required plant material.

(8)

BMP landscaping. Refer to § 300-43K, BMP planting requirements.

[Added 9-12-2011 by Ord. No. 1602; amended 5-6-2019 by Ord. No. 1699]

Individual lot landscaping.

When required.

Individual lot landscaping includes those areas of the site not covered by § 300-43A through F above.

Refer to Table 1 for requirements in each zoning district or land use.[6]

[6]

Editor's Note: Table 1 is included as an attachment to this chapter.

Location.

Trees specified under this section shall be planted either on the lot or within the general open space of the subdivision, at the discretion of the Upper Moreland Township Board of Commissioners.

They may be planted in the front, side or rear yard of the property.

Size and type.

Trees shall be a minimum of three inches in caliper and of the recommended species listed in § 300-47, Recommended plant list.

Refer to Note 1 on Table 1 for substitutions of plant type.[7]

[7]

Editor's Note: Table 1 is included as an attachment to this chapter.

Steep slope landscaping.

When required. Steep slope landscaping includes disturbed areas of the site with slopes in excess of one foot vertical to six feet eight inches horizontal (6.67:1, 15% slope).

Sodded lawn. Sodded lawn is required on slopes of 6.67:1 (15%) or greater, except where ground cover plantings have been provided.

Ground cover plantings.

Ground cover plantings are required on slopes of three to one (33%) or greater,

Refer to § 300-47, recommended plant list and planting practices, for recommended ground covers.

Supplemental plantings.

Supplemental plantings of shrubs, ornamental trees, evergreen trees and shade trees may be planted as a part of steep slope landscaping.

Supplemental plantings may be applied toward the replacement tree requirements of § 300-45, except where these plantings are required by other sections of this chapter.

Landscaping of other areas. Any area not used for buildings, structures, paved areas, planting beds or screening shall be planted in an all-season ground cover or lawn and other landscape materials in accordance with the landscape plan. Existing vegetative materials shall be preserved wherever possible.

Existing vegetation. In cases where preserved natural features existing on site essentially duplicate the planting requirements of this chapter, these requirements may be waived or amended.

BMP planting requirements.

[Added 9-12-2011 by Ord. No. 1602]

BMP structures, including detention basins, retention basins, rain gardens, infiltration trenches, vegetated swales, and other surface BMP structures, shall be landscaped in addition to other landscape requirements as follows. There shall be a minimum of 10 (1.5 inches caliper) shade trees or their equivalent per 10,000 square feet, except where a greater quantity of plantings is recommended in DEP's Pennsylvania Best Management Practices Manual.

[Amended 5-6-2019 by Ord. No. 1699]

Minimum plant sizes for BMPs:

Shade tree: 1 1/2 inches caliper.

Evergreen tree: four feet minimum height.

Ornamental tree: 1 1/2 inches caliper.

Shrub: 18 inches minimum height or spread.

Wet meadow subject to periodic inundation: minimum plantings to include plug-size native perennials planted at 12 inches on center and seeded with a native plant mix at a minimum rate of 0.5 pound per 1,000 square feet with additional shrubs and trees as may be required.

Landscape equivalencies for BMPs may be provided as specified below in order to provide flexible solutions to meet the intent of the chapter. All equivalencies are subject to the Township Landscape Architect's approval.

One shade tree (1.5 inches caliper) may be replaced with two ornamental trees (1.5 inches caliper).

One shade tree (1.5 inches caliper) may be replaced with two evergreen trees (four feet height).

One shade tree (1.5 inches caliper) may be replaced with five shrubs (18 inches height).

One shade tree (1.5 inches caliper) may be replaced with 25 two-year saplings (12 inches height).

One shade tree (1.5 inches caliper) may be replaced with 30 one-gallon native perennials.

(f)

One shade tree (1.5 inches caliper) may be replaced with 250 plug-size native perennials.

[1]

Editor's Note: Table 3 is included as an attachment to this chapter.

§ 300-44 Preservation and protection of existing trees.

All subdivisions and land developments shall be laid out in such a manner so as to preserve the healthy trees and shrubs on the site whenever possible.

Heritage trees are to be preserved. The condition of all heritage trees is to be assessed by an ISA-certified professional arborist acceptable to the Township. The arborist's report is to be submitted to the Township Landscape Architect for review. Such report is to include a summary of tree health and any recommendations regarding maintenance of such tree during and after construction.

[Amended 9-12-2011 by Ord. No. 1602]

A minimum of 25% of existing woodland areas are to be preserved on each development.

[Added 9-12-2011 by Ord. No. 1602]

During the construction of any site, trees and shrubs, as defined herein, shall be protected by four-foot-high plastic web construction fencing, snow fencing or equivalent protection fencing staked every 10 feet to ensure that there is no encroachment within the area of their dripline by changing grade, trenching, stockpiling of building materials or topsoil or the compaction of the soil and roots by any motor vehicle, unless the following regulations are met:

The root area within the dripline of any tree may be encroached upon to a maximum of 1/4 of the total root area. Disturbance under the canopy of heritage trees is to be limited to 10% of the outer canopy area. No trenching, excavation or earth disturbance is to occur within 20 feet of the trunk of any heritage tree.

[Amended 9-12-2011 by Ord. No. 1602]

Existing trees whose root area (dripline) has been encroached by more than 1/4 of the total area will not be considered to be preserved and must be replaced. Heritage trees whose root area (dripline) has been encroached by more than 10% of the total area are to be evaluated and treated by a professional arborist according to their recommendations. Should the arborist recommend removal due to construction damage, replacement trees will be required (refer to § 300-45B).

[Amended 9-12-2011 by Ord. No. 1602]

At the direction of the Township Engineer or Township Landscape Architect, existing trees which have not been adequately protected may be required to be removed and replaced.

The foregoing requirements for trees in § 300-43B and G, softening buffers and individual lot landscaping, shall, whenever possible, be met by preserving existing trees, and to that end, the number of trees required by these sections may be reduced by a credit for approved preserved trees as follows:

Approved preserved trees remaining on an individual lot may offset the individual lot landscaping requirements for that lot and that lot only.

Approved preserved trees remaining around the perimeter of the site development may offset the softening buffer requirements for that site.

The same tree may not be used to offset both individual lot landscaping and softening buffer requirements.

Any tree preserved within 20 feet of any proposed building or five feet of a proposed road or sidewalk shall not be considered as a preserved tree.

(5)

Credit for approved preserved trees to offset softening buffer and individual lot landscaping requirements are to be calculated as follows:

	Diameter of Trunk of Approved Preserved Tree* (inches)	Number of 3-Inch-Caliper Tree Credits
	36 or greater	6
	12 to 35	4
	8 to 11	2

NOTE: Inches in caliper measured at a height of one foot above natural grade for trees greater than four inches in caliper.

Removal permits.

Any person, organization, society, association or corporation requesting a building permit or zoning change for new construction on a lot of 1/2 acre or more acres shall obtain a permit to remove a tree or trees by filing an appropriate application with the Township of Upper Moreland. Said application shall be accompanied by a plan in accordance with § 300-42 of this article.

A permit fee shall be paid in accordance with a fee schedule adopted by the Board of Commissioners and set forth in Chapter 140, Fees, Rates and Permits of the Upper Moreland Code.

§ 300-45 Replacing trees destroyed by development.

Every tree that is alive and reasonably healthy in the judgment of the Township Landscape Architect, and with a trunk diameter of eight inches to 36 inches, measured at 12 inches above the natural ground line, which is to be removed or destroyed because of street alignment, building placement, parking area location, grading or other construction activities shall be replaced with one or more new shade trees of a type recommended by the Township with a trunk diameter of not less than 2 1/2 inches measured at six inches above the ground line, in accordance with the following schedule:

[Amended 9-12-2011 by Ord. No. 1602]

	Diameter of Existing Tree to be Removed (inches)	Number of Replacement Trees
	8 to 23	1
	24 to 36	2

Every heritage tree which is irreparably damaged, removed or destroyed because of street alignment, building placement, parking area location, grading or other construction activities shall be replaced with new shade trees of a similar variety recommended by the Township Landscape Architect with a trunk diameter of not less than four inches measured at six inches above the ground line. The quantity of replacement trees shall be calculated on a caliper inch basis such that the total caliper inches of replacement trees is equal to or greater than the total caliper inches of existing heritage tree(s) removed.

[Added 9-12-2011 by Ord. No. 1602[1]]

[1]

Editor's Note: This ordinance also provided for the redesignation of former Subsections B through E as Subsections D through G, respectively.

Where it has been determined by the Township Landscape Architect that woodland removal during construction has exceeded allowed woodland removal, shown on the approved landscape plan, additional replacement trees will be required to be planted. The quantities of required replacement trees for excess existing tree removals within woodland areas shall be double that required in § 300-45A.

[Added 9-12-2011 by Ord. No. 1602]

Such new trees shall be planted in addition to the trees required by the planting requirements of § 300-43 above.

Where such planting is deemed impracticable, at the discretion of the Township, the required replacement trees may be planted on lands owned by the Township or within the Township as it directs.

Replacement trees shall be planted in common areas between lots rather than as foundation plantings at individual homes.

Refer to § 300-47 for sizes and types of shade trees, evergreen trees, flowering trees and shrubs recommended.

Calculation and estimation of existing trees shall be performed before any clearing commences and shall be performed in the presence of the Township Engineer or Township Landscape Architect and shall be based on the following procedure:

Trees 24 inches and larger, as measured 12 inches above natural grade, will be documented individually and noted on the landscape plan and the existing conditions plan.

The quantity of all trees, eight inches up to 24 inches, standing in masses of over 20 trees shall be estimated by the following method:

Three one-hundred-foot-by-one-hundred-foot-square areas will be staked out in locations acceptable to the owner/developer and the Township Engineer or Township Landscape Architect.

The quantity of trees in each area will be counted and the totals averaged to determine the average number of trees per 10,000 square feet of wooded area.

This average quantity per area will be used to determine both the quantity of trees being removed and the quantity of trees to remain in large masses.

Calculation and estimation of existing trees remaining after construction shall be performed by the Township Engineer or Township Landscape Architect based on a procedure similar to that noted above.

A plant schedule of replacement trees required is to be shown on the landscape plan. This list of approved trees may be replaced on the developed site or offered to Upper Moreland Township for planting within the Township.

§ 300-46 Guarantee bond and escrow.

No building permit shall be issued unless a guarantee bond or other surety approved by the Township Solicitor has been filed with the Township. Such surety shall be in an amount equal to 110% of the cost of purchasing, planting, maintaining, and replacing all vegetative materials for a period of 18 months after written acceptance of the landscape installation by the Township.

This condition may be satisfied through a land development agreement with sufficient and appropriate financial guaranties suitable to the Upper Moreland Township Board of Commissioners.

§ 300-47 Recommended plant list.

[Amended 9-12-2011 by Ord. No. 1602; 5-6-2019 by Ord. No. 1699]

The following is the recommended list of trees, shrubs and ground cover for use in Upper Moreland Township. However, the Township may permit other planting types if they are hardy to the area, not subject to blight or disease and of the same general character and growth habit as those listed below and are not identified by the Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (DCNR) as invasive. Plants included on the DCNR "Watch List" as potentially invasive, and any associated varieties, hybrids, and cultivars of invasive species, shall not be permitted. Plants listed in subsections § 300-47A through G below that may be added to DCNR's list of invasive plants after the adoption of this section shall not be permitted. Refer to the United States Department of Agriculture- Natural Resources Conservation Service (USDA-NRCS) Database for assistance regarding native and adaptive (introduced) species. The following sizes listed for shade trees, evergreen trees, ornamental trees, deciduous shrubs, evergreen shrubs and ground cover are the minimum acceptable sizes at the time of installation. Use of species known to be deer tolerant and salt tolerant should be considered where conditions warrant such.

Shade trees: Except as noted above in § 300-43K for BMP plantings and § 300-45 for replacement trees, minimum three-inch caliper,* 14 feet to 18 feet high, eight-foot minimum spread, clear trunk to seven feet zero inches above the ground and full branching structure.

Acer rubrum — Red maple and cultivar varieties W N F

Acer saccharum — Sugar maple D N

Betula nigra — River birch W N F

Carpinus betulus — European hornbeam D F

Carpinus caroliniana — Ironwood N F

Carya ovata — Shagbark hickory N

Cercidiphyllum japonica — Katsura tree

Cladrastis lutea — American yellowwood

Fagus grandifolia — American beech** D N

Fagus sylvatica — European beech** D

Ginkgo biloba "Golden Colonnade" — Golden Colonnade Ginkgo

Gleditsia triacanthos inermis — Thornless honeylocust and cultivar varieties D N

Liquidambar styraciflua — Sweet gum W N F

Liriodendron tulipifera — Tulip tree** N F

Liriodendron tulipifera "Emerald City" — Emerald City tulip tree N F

Nyssa sylvatica — Black gum** W N F

Nyssa sylvatica "Haymanred" — Red Rage Tupelo N

Ostrya virginiana — American hophornbeam N

Platanus acerifolia — London planetree F

Platanus occidentallis — American sycamore N F

Quercus alba — White oak N F

Quercus borealis — Northern red oak D N F

Quercus coccinea — Scarlet oak D N F

Quercus palustris — Pin oak W N F

Quercus phellos — Willow oak F

Quercus robar — English oak F

Quercus rubra — Red oak N F

Quercus velutina — Black oak D N F

Salix nigra — Black willow** W N

Sophora japonica — Japanese scholar tree

Tilia americana — Basswood, American linden N F

Tilia tomentosa — Silver linden F

Tilia cordata — Littleleaf linden F

Ulmus — American cultivars (disease-resistant selections) N

Zelkova serrata — Japanese zelkova F

*	Note: Trees of four-inch caliper and less are the measurement of the trunk diameter at six inches above ground level as defined in the American Standard for Nursery Stock by the American Association of Nurserymen. Nursery-grown trees of greater than four-inch caliper are measured at 12 inches above the ground level. Spread may be less than eight feet for upright varieties.
**	Note: Not to be used as a street tree; shade tree only.
W	=	Trees that generally tolerate wet conditions.
D	=	Trees that generally tolerate dry conditions.
N	=	Trees that are considered native.
F	=	Trees that are considered to be fall digging hazards.

Evergreen trees: minimum eight feet high, four-foot minimum spread*, single leader, symmetrically branching to the ground.

Abies species — Fire

Ilex opaca — American holly N

Juniperus virginiana — Eastern red cedar N

Picea abies — Norway spruce A

Picea glauca — White spruce N

Picea mariana — Black spruce N

Picea pungens — Blue spruce/Colorado spruce N

Pinus pungens — Table mountain pine D N

Pinus resinosa — Red pine D N

Pinus strobus — Eastern white pine N

Pinus virginiana — Virginia pine D N

Pseudotsuga taxifolia — Douglas fir

Thuja species — Arborvitae* (note: some varieties impacted by deer)

Tsuga species — Hemlock N (note: frequently impacted by insect pests)

Chamaecyparis thyoides — Atlantic white cedar N

*	Note: Spread may be less than four feet for upright or columnar varieties.
W	=	Trees that generally tolerate wet conditions.
D	=	Trees that generally tolerate dry conditions.
N	=	Trees that are considered native.
A	=	Trees that are considered regionally adaptive.

Ornamental/flowering trees: minimum eight feet high, five-foot minimum spread, symmetrically branched to within four feet from the ground.

Amelanchier arborea — Downy serviceberry W N
Amelanchier canadensis — Shadblow serviceberry W N
Amelanchier laevis — Smooth serviceberry W N
Cercis canadensis — Eastern redbud N
Chionanthus virginicus — White fringetree N
Cornus alternifolia — Pagoda dogwood N
Cornus florida — Flowering dogwood N
Crataegus species — Hawthorns D N F
Magnolia stellata — Star magnolia
Magnolia soulangeana — Saucer magnolia
Magnolia virginiana — Sweetbay magnolia W N
Malus species — Crabapples (some species are native) F
Oxydendrum arboreum — Sourwood N
Prunus sargentii 'Pink Flair' — Pink Flair Cherry F
Prunus subhirtella 'pendula' — Weeping japanese cherry F
Prunus subhirtella 'autumnalis' — Autumn flowering cherry F
Styrax japonicus 'Snow Charm' — Snow Charm Japanese snowball
Syringa amurensis — Japanese tree lilac
W	=	Trees that generally tolerate wet conditions.
D	=	Trees that generally tolerate dry conditions.
N	=	Trees that are considered native.
F	=	Trees that are considered by to be fall digging hazards.

Deciduous shrubs: thirty-inch minimum height, twenty-four-inch minimum spread and symmetrically branched to the ground.

Acer spicatum — Mountain Maple N
Aronia arbutifolia — Red chokeberry N
Aronia melanocarpa — Sweetpepper bush N
Cotoneaster species
Daphne species
Deciduous azalea species
Deutzia species
Enkianthus species
Erica species
Forsythia species W
Hamamelis virginiana — Common witch hazel N
Ilex decidua — Possum haw N
Ilex verticillata — Winterberry holly W N
Itea virginica — Virginia sweetspire N
Leucothoe racemosa — Sweetbells leucothoe N
Myrica pensylvanica — Northern bayberry N
Potentilla species D
Spiraea native species N (not including Spiraea japonica)
Viburnum native species N — some D, some W
W	=	Shrubs that generally tolerate wet conditions.
D	=	Shrubs that generally tolerate dry conditions.
N	=	Shrubs that are considered native.

Evergreen shrubs: twenty-four-inch minimum height, eighteen-inch minimum spread and symmetrically branched to the ground.

Evergreen azalea species
Evergreen rhododendron species
Gaylussacia brachycera — Box huckleberry N
Ilex crenata species — Japanese holly species and other evergreen shrub hollies
Ilex glabra — Inkberry N
Juniper species D
Kalmia species N
Leucothoe species*
Picea mariana (shrub form black spruce varieties) W
Taxus species — Yew species*
Vaccinium species W N
Viburnum (evergreen varieties)
*Note: Height and spread requirements may be reversed for spreading varieties of evergreen shrubs.
W	=	Shrubs that generally tolerate wet conditions.
D	=	Shrubs that generally tolerate dry conditions.
N	=	Shrubs that are considered native.

Ground cover plants.