[Ord. 2013-1, 5/20/2013]
1.
All wells supplying residential individual water supplies shall be
equipped with watertight steel casing of a minimum thickness of 0.188
inch and weight of 13 pounds per lineal foot. The minimum casing length
or depth shall be 40 feet, with the casing set a minimum of two feet
into hard bedrock or other impervious strata and the casing top terminating
a minimum of 12 inches above finished grade, resulting in a minimum
casing length of 42 feet. A minimum annular clearance of 1.5 inches
must be maintained so that grout may be placed. The criteria established
in AWWA Standard A100-90, as amended, must be followed.
2.
Steel casings shall be new pipe meeting ASTM or API specifications
for water well construction. If the minimum thickness is not considered
sufficient to assure reasonable life expectancy of the well, additional
thickness will be provided. Steel casing will be equipped with a drive
shoe, if needed, and have full circumference welds or threaded pipe
joints.
3.
Casing other than steel requires prior written approval from the
Board of Supervisors. Failure to receive such approval for use of
alternate casing types will result in enforcement action and prohibition
on use of the water supply.
4.
Watertight well casing and grout must be placed at a sufficient depth
to prevent the entrance of pollution from surface runoff and polluted
aquifers. The casing shall be grouted along its entire length with
a portland cement or bentonite grout.
5.
The casing shall extend above the finished grade a minimum of 12
inches or to such height as is necessary to prevent entrance of surface
water from runoff or flooding at the one-hundred-year-flood level.
The casing top shall be fitted with a sanitary well cap.
[Ord. 2013-1, 5/20/2013]
1.
All grout information (i.e., type of grout and number of bags of
material used for grouting) must be submitted in writing on the required
Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection form by the licensed
water well driller within 30 days of completion of the well drilling
process.
2.
In all well installations, an annular space shall be provided between
the well casing and the earth formation. The annular space shall be
completely filled with approved grout materials in one continuous
operation from the bottom to the natural land surface within 24 hours
after completion of the drilling. The annular space shall be completely
cleared of all obstructions prior to the placement of the grout material.
Exterior grouting methods must be used.
3.
Grouting shall be accomplished by inserting a minimum one-inch-diameter
tremie pipe to the bottom of the casing annulus and pumping grout
through the tremie pipe using a positive displacement pump, until
grout of the same density as what is being pumped returns to the ground
surface. The casing shall be sealed effectively against entrance of
water from water-bearing zones which are subject to pollution. During
the installation of a pitless adapter, grout material may be removed
from the exterior of the casing in order to provide a watertight seal
between the casing and the pitless adapter.
4.
When drilling is to be continued after grouting, a curing time of
12 hours must be provided during which drilling is not permitted,
unless a bentonite plug with bentonite grout is used.
5.
The annular space of all well installations must be filled with one
of the grout materials described below.
6.
Neat cement grout shall consist of a mixture of portland cement Type
I, II, or III and water in the ratio of 0.67 cubic feet (five gallons)
of water per ninety-four-pound sack weighing approximately 228 pounds
per cubic foot. A maximum of 5% by weight bentonite, and 2% by weight
of calcium chloride may be added.
7.
Bentonite or sealing clay shall consist of a manufactured clay product
that expands in contact with moisture to form a seal that prevents
the movement of water. Bentonite must be activated with water prior
to resumption of drilling.
8.
In all well installations, if rapid loss of grout material occurs
during placement, clean, coarse fill material (e.g., sand, gravel,
crushed stone, or chunk bentonite) may be used in the zone(s) in which
the rapid loss is occurring. The remainder of the annular space shall
be grouted as provided below. In no case shall pouring, dumping, or
shoveling of grout material into the annular space be deemed an approved
method of grout placement.
[Ord. 2013-1, 5/20/2013]
1.
Grout Pipe Outside Casing.
A.
The annular space shall be a minimum of 1.5 inches. (The diameter
of the drilled hole shall be greater than or equal to the casing outer
diameter plus three inches.) All grout shall be placed by pumping
through the grout pipe. The entire interval to be grouted shall be
open and without obstructions. Washing or jetting with water is recommended
for cleaning the borehole and may serve to remove obstructions caused
by caving, which otherwise would prevent a proper grout. It is required
that the grout pipe extend from the surface to the bottom of the interval
to be grouted. The grout pipe may remain extended to the bottom of
the interval during and after grouting, or it may be raised slowly
as the grout is placed, provided that the discharge end of the grout
pipe remains submerged in the placed grout at all times until grouting
is completed.
B.
With grouting depths of 40 feet and less, grout may be placed slowly
from the surface, provided that the entire interval to be grouted
is clearly visible from the surface and is dry. An annular space larger
than the minimum 1.5 inches may be required to assure visibility from
the surface. Any bridging of grout material must be cleared by removing
the casing or rodding prior to placement of grout above the bridged
area.
2.
Unstable Formations (i.e., Fractured Limestone, Saturated Soils,
etc.).
A.
When drilling through an unconsolidated formation that caves in,
steel casing and a steel drive shoe shall be required.
B.
If caving conditions are experienced on wells, the annular space
shall be kept open with an outer casing and shall be grouted from
the bottom of the inner casing, which shall be at least 10 feet below
where caving occurred.
[Ord. 2013-1, 5/20/2013]
1.
Pitless installations where the casing terminates above the ground
surface and the well pump discharges through a buried adapter fitting
shall be of a design which provides an effective seal against the
entrance of groundwater or surface water into the well. All buried
suction lines shall be effectively encased, or otherwise protected,
to prevent external damage or contamination.
2.
Pitless installations must be so designed as to be structurally sound
and to provide for ready removal of drop piping without excavation.
The access casing shall be effectively protected against corrosion
and shall extend at least 12 inches above the natural ground surface
and to a point below the frost line. The ground level at this point
shall be elevated above the adjacent ground level and graded to drain
away in all directions. The top of the access shall be effectively
sealed against the entrance of water, insects, and rodents. The pitless
adapter shall not be submerged in water or used in areas used by automobiles
and other vehicles unless adequately protected.
[Ord. 2013-1, 5/20/2013]
1.
Following completion of construction of an individual water supply
and installation of the pumping equipment, or alterations, repair
or maintenance work, the well shall be pumped continuously until the
water discharged is clear. The well, pump, piping system, and other
fixtures shall be filled with water containing a concentration of
not less than 50 parts per million (ppm) of free chlorine. A portion
of the chlorine solution shall be circulated directly to the well
in order to ensure proper agitation.
2.
The water shall not be used for a period of 24 hours. Other combinations
of concentration and time intervals or other disinfectants such as
HTH tablets may be used if demonstrated to be equally effective. One
half-ounce of dry hypochlorite (70% available chlorine) dissolved
in 52.5 gallons of water makes a 50 ppm strength disinfectant solution.
Various proportions can be worked out. The purged water shall not
be discharged into any subsurface sewage disposal system, and surface
discharges shall not be done in a manner that causes soil erosion
or adversely effects the environment, aquatic life, or downstream
properties.
3.
After well disinfection, water samples shall be collected and analyzed
for pH, total solids, iron, nitrate/nitrogen and coliform bacteria.
The analysis results from a certified laboratory shall be provided
to the owner and the Township.
[Ord. 2013-1, 5/20/2013]
1.
If a pump and piping are not installed by the well driller, the owner
is responsible for proper installation of check valves and backflow
prevention valves.
2.
Backflow prevention valves must be incorporated into the system and
shall be used as needed for each outside water hose connection. At
least two check valves must be incorporated into each water system
which derives water from a well.
3.
Except where not practical, a cross-connections prevention assembly
shall be provided.
