[R.O. 1993 § 535.120; CC 1988 § 24-41]
The term "excavation" refers to the removal of materials to
the lines, grades and elevations as required for the construction
of roads, parking areas, gutters, ditches, and for formation of embankments.
All excavated areas shall be maintained such that they will be well
drained at all times. The contractor shall be responsible for construction
of all temporary drainage facilities required for drainage.
[R.O. 1993 § 535.130; CC 1988 § 24-42]
A.
Embankments shall be formed by materials placed in successive horizontal
layers over a scarified surface. Each layer shall not exceed eight
(8) inches in depth and shall extend across the full width of the
cross-section.
B.
No organic material such as leaves, grass and roots, and no frozen
material shall be placed in the embankment. No stones larger than
four (4) inches will be allowed in the top six (6) inches of the subgrade.
[R.O. 1993 § 535.140; CC 1988 § 24-43]
A.
In cut areas, the subgrade under areas to be paved shall be compacted
to a minimum depth of six (6) inches and to ninety-five percent (95%)
of maximum density at optimum moisture content.
B.
Embankments shall be compacted at optimum moisture content to ninety-five
percent (95%) of maximum density.
C.
In areas outside of the pavement, no compaction will be required
on the top four (4) inches.
[R.O. 1993 § 535.150; CC 1988 § 24-44]
The subgrade shall be completed to the lines, grades and cross-section
required, and compacted to the specified density. In areas to be paved,
the subgrade shall be of such smoothness that no deviation in excess
of one (1) inch shall be allowed from true grade as established by
grade stakes or pins.
[R.O. 1993 § 535.160; CC 1988 § 24-45]
Sideslopes for roadway embankments and ditches shall be held
to a maximum of thirty-three percent (33%), i.e., three (3) on one
(1). Should field conditions require, steeper slopes may be allowed
by the Building Inspector.
[R.O. 1993 § 535.170; CC 1988 § 24-46]
A.
Clearing shall consist of removing all trees, stumps, roots, brush,
etc., and all structures, foundations or rubbish of any nature, within
the work area.
B.
Grubbing shall consist of removing and disposing of all roots and
stumps larger than two (2) inches in diameter and matted roots in
affected areas. Materials shall be removed to a depth of twelve (12)
inches below grade.
[R.O. 1993 § 535.180; CC 1988 § 24-47]
Borrow material for the construction of embankments shall be
subject to the approval of the Building Inspector.
[R.O. 1993 § 535.190; CC 1988 § 24-48]
A.
Aggregate for base shall be essentially limestone or dolomite. It
shall not contain more than fifteen percent (15%) deleterious rock
and shale. Sand may be added only for the purpose of reducing the
plasticity index of the fraction passing the No. 40 sieve in the finished
product. Any sand, silt and clay, and any deleterious rock and shale,
shall be uniformly distributed throughout the mass. The aggregates
shall conform to the following gradation requirements:
|
Percent
| |
|---|---|
|
Passing 1-inch sieve
|
100%
|
|
Passing 1/2-inch sieve
|
60% to 90%
|
|
Passing No. 4 sieve
|
40% to 60%
|
|
Passing No. 40 sieve
|
15% to 35%
|
B.
The fraction passing the No. 4 sieve shall have a plasticity index
not to exceed six (6).
C.
The base course shall consist of six (6) inches, compacted, crusher
run limestone on a prepared subgrade. The number of layers and the
thickness of each layer shall be constructed at the contractor's option
subject to the limitation that the compacted thickness of any one
(1) course or layer shall not exceed four (4) inches.
D.
Proper moisture content shall be maintained during compacting operations
and ninety-five percent (95%) of maximum density at optimum moisture
content shall be attained.
[R.O. 1993 § 535.200; CC 1988 § 24-49]
A.
Prime Coat. The prime coat shall be medium-curing, cut-back (MC-70)
asphalt and shall conform to AASHTO M-82. This coat shall be applied
to a dry, clean base, free of all loose or foreign material. The application
rate shall be from two-tenths (0.2) to five-tenths (0.5) gallons per
square yard, and no material shall be applied when atmospheric temperature
is below fifty degrees Fahrenheit (50° F.).
B.
Surface Course. The asphaltic concrete surface course shall consist
of a mineral aggregate compound of crushed stone and/or crushed gravel,
sand gravel, sand, mineral filler and asphaltic cement in such proportions
that composition of the finished mix is within the following range:
|
Minimum
(percent)
|
Maximum
(percent)
| |
|---|---|---|
|
Passing 1/2-inch sieve
|
100%
|
—
|
|
Passing 1/2-inch sieve, retained on 3/8-inch sieve
|
0%
|
25%
|
|
Passing 3/8-inch sieve, retained on No. 4 sieve
|
20%
|
45%
|
|
Passing No. 4 sieve, retained on No. 10 sieve
|
7%
|
35%
|
|
Passing No. 10 sieve, retained on No. 40 sieve
|
7%
|
30%
|
|
Passing No. 40 sieve, retained on No. 80 sieve
|
5%
|
20%
|
|
Passing No. 80 sieve, retained on No. 200 sieve
|
3%
|
18%
|
|
Passing No. 200 sieve
|
4%
|
10%
|
|
Asphalt cement
|
3.5%
|
8%
|
C.
Mineral Filler. Mineral filler shall consist of limestone dust, Portland
cement or other suitable mineral matter. It shall be thoroughly dry
and free of lumps consisting of aggregations of fine particles. When
tested in accordance with AASHTO T37, the mineral filler shall conform
to the following gradation requirements:
|
Percent
| |
|---|---|
|
Passing No. 30 sieve
|
100%
|
|
Passing No. 50 sieve
|
95% to 100%
|
|
Passing No. 100 sieve
|
90% to 100%
|
|
Passing No. 200 sieve
|
70% to 100%
|
D.
Asphalt Cement. Asphalt cement shall be 60 to 70 penetration grade
asphalt cement, homogenous and free of water and shall not, in heating,
foam below two hundred thirty-two degrees Celsius (232° C.). Asphalt
cement shall be prepared by refining crude petroleum by suitable methods.
The asphaltic concrete surface course shall be a hot plant-mix
of two (2) inches (minimum) thickness, suitably placed and compacted.
The asphaltic concrete shall be delivered to the job site at not less
than two hundred seventy-five degrees Fahrenheit (275° F.).
The asphaltic concrete shall be spread via an adjustable mechanical
spreader and finisher. The machine shall be capable of spreading a
tamped, screened and finished wearing surface. The surface shall be
compacted, while the mixture is hot, with power roller equipment weighing
a minimum of eight (8) tons. Any areas not accessible to the roller
shall be hand tamped.
The finished surface shall be free of waves and irregularities
and shall have no less than ninety-five percent (95%) density.
[R.O. 1993 § 535.210; CC 1988 § 24-50]
A.
Portland Cement. Portland cement shall conform to "Standard Specification
for Portland Cement," ASTM C150, Type 1 or Type 1A. One (1) sack of
cement shall be considered as one (1) cubic foot of volume or ninety-four
(94) pounds of weight.
B.
Aggregates. Fine and coarse aggregates shall conform to "Standard
Specification for Concrete Aggregate," ASTM C33. The nominal maximum
size of the coarse aggregate shall not be larger than one-fifth (1/5)
of the narrowest dimension between sides of forms, one-third (1/3)
the depth of the slabs, nor three-fourths (3/4) of the minimum clear
distance between reinforcing bars or between bars and forms, whichever
is least. Coarse aggregate gradation shall conform to ASTM C33, Size
57.
C.
Water Reducing, Retarding And Accelerating Admixtures. If permitted
by the Building Inspector, water reducing, retarding and accelerating
admixtures shall conform to requirements of ASTM C494, latest revision.
D.
Mixing Water. Mixing water for concrete shall be fresh, clean and
potable. Non-potable water may be used only if it produces mortar
cubes having seven- and twenty-eight-day strengths equal to the strength
of similar specimens made with distilled water, when tested in accordance
with "Method of Test for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement
Mortars," ASTM C109.
E.
Curing Compounds. All curing compounds shall conform to specifications
for liquid membrane forming compounds for curing concrete, ASTM C309,
applied in accordance with manufacturer's recommendations.
F.
Ready-Mixed Concrete. Ready-mixed concrete shall conform to the "Standard
Specification for Ready-Mixed Concrete," ASTM C94.
G.
Strengths. All structural concrete shall develop a minimum of three
thousand (3,000) psi, twenty-eight-day compressive strength. All fill
concrete shall develop a minimum of two thousand five hundred (2,500)
psi, twenty-eight-day compressive strength.
[R.O. 1993 § 535.220; CC 1988 § 24-51]
A.
Prior to placement of concrete, all form work shall be completed,
reinforcement secured in place and all embedded items positioned and
secured. All hardened concrete and foreign materials shall be removed
from the conveying equipment. The subgrade shall be wetted sufficiently
to prevent absorption of water from the concrete.
B.
No concrete shall be placed when the ambient air temperature is forty
degrees Fahrenheit (40° F.) or less, unless special precautions
have been taken for protection of the concrete during the curing process.
C.
The procedures for placing concrete in cold weather shall be subject
to approval by the Building Inspector.
D.
The concrete shall be deposited continuously, and in such manner
that no seams or weakened planes shall be formed. The concrete shall
be placed as nearly as is practical in its final position so as to
avoid segregation and rehandling.
E.
In no case shall concrete be allowed to fall more than five (5) feet.
F.
The curb and gutter shall be depressed from a point four (4) feet
on either side of inlet castings so as to produce a uniform flow from
the gutter to the inlet openings. Standard curbs shall be depressed
at all driveways from a point four (4) feet either side of the drive.
G.
After the concrete surface has been struck off to the required lines
and grades, all excess concrete, and undesirable material removed,
the surface shall receive a float finish. The finish shall produce
a true and uniform surface.
H.
The concrete curing shall be accomplished by preventing the loss
of moisture or rapid temperature change. Curing shall continue for
a cumulative number of seven (7) days, not necessarily consecutive,
during which the air temperature is above fifty degrees Fahrenheit
(50° F.). Changes in concrete temperature shall not exceed five
degrees Fahrenheit (5° F.) in any one (1) hour, nor fifty degrees
Fahrenheit (50° F.) in any twenty-four-hour period. All curing
methods shall be subject to approval by the Building Inspector.
[R.O. 1993 § 535.230; CC 1988 § 24-52]
A.
Tack Coat. The tack coat shall consist of liquid asphalt rapid curing
type RC-70, or emulsified type RS-1 that has been diluted with water.
This coat shall be applied to a dry, clean surface and the application
rate shall be from 0.05 to 0.15 gallons per square yard.
B.
Asphalt Cement. Asphalt cement shall be 60 to 70 penetration grade,
homogenous and free of water. The asphalt cement shall not, in heating,
foam below two hundred thirty-two degrees Celsius (232° C.). Asphalt
cement shall be prepared by refining crude petroleum by suitable means.
C.
Aggregate. Aggregate shall be crushed stone and/or crushed gravel,
sand gravel and/or sand. The aggregate shall be proportioned as follows:
|
Percent
| |
|---|---|
|
Passing No. 4 sieve
|
90% to 100%
|
|
Passing No. 10 sieve
|
85% to 95%
|
|
Passing No. 20 sieve
|
65% to 80%
|
|
Passing No. 40 sieve
|
30% to 50%
|
|
Passing No. 80 sieve
|
12% to 24%
|
|
Passing No. 100 sieve
|
10% to 20%
|
|
Passing No. 200 sieve
|
10% to 20%
|
|
Asphalt cement
|
3.5% to 8%
|
D.
Mineral Filler. Mineral filler shall consist of limestone dust, Portland
cement or other suitable mineral matter. It shall be thoroughly dry
and free of lumps consisting of aggregations of fine particles. When
tested in accordance with AASHTO T37, the mineral filler shall conform
to the following gradation requirements:
|
Percent
| |
|---|---|
|
Passing No. 30 sieve
|
100%
|
|
Passing No. 50 sieve
|
95% to 100%
|
|
Passing No. 100 sieve
|
90% to 100%
|
|
Passing No. 200 sieve
|
70% to 100%
|
E.
Curb Machine. The curb machine shall be a self-propelled type suitable
for laying, shaping and compacting the asphaltic concrete mixture
to the designated cross-section.
F.
Joints. Asphaltic concrete curb shall be laid in a continuous operation
and in one (1) direction so as to eliminate all unnecessary joints.
Where conditions dictate that a joint is required, the joint shall
be carefully made in such manner as to ensure a continuous bond between
the old and new sections.
G.
Curing. The newly laid curb shall be protected from traffic until
the heat has dissipated and the material has cooled to air temperature.
[R.O. 1993 § 535.240; CC 1988 § 24-53]
A.
If, in the opinion of the Building Inspector, an existing street
with a new overlay is suitable for inclusion in the developed area,
the following specifications shall apply:
1.
Leveling. The existing surface shall be brought to grade by
removing the existing material to the required line.
2.
Asphaltic Binder. The asphaltic binder shall be rapid-curing
liquid asphalt RC-70 or medium-curing cut back MC-70. The binder shall
be applied to a clean, dry surface at the rate of ten hundredths (0.10)
to thirty hundredths (0.30) gallons per square yard.
3.
Slurry. Slurry shall consist of asphalt emulsion, fine aggregate
and mineral filler, with water added to produce a slurry consistency.
The specifications for the asphalt cement, aggregate and mineral filler
shall be the same as for asphaltic concrete curb.
4.
Slurry Seal. The slurry seal shall be a minimum thickness of
one-eighth (1/8) inch and shall be applied by a machine specifically
designed for mixing and placing a slurry seal.
5.
Traffic Control. No traffic shall be allowed on the surface
until the slurry has cured to a firm condition.
[R.O. 1993 § 535.250; CC 1988 § 24-54]
A.
Liquid Asphalt. The liquid asphalt shall be medium-curing cut back
(MC-70 or MC 250) or rapid-curing cut back (RC-70 or RC-250) asphalt.
The initial coat shall be applied to a dry, clean base, free of all
loose or foreign material. The rate of application shall be from two-tenths
(0.2) to five-tenths (0.5) gallons per square yard and no material
shall be applied when the atmospheric temperature is below fifty degrees
Fahrenheit (50° F.).
B.
Aggregate. The aggregate shall consist of crushed limestone or dolomite
and shall conform to the following gradation requirements:
|
Percent
| |
|---|---|
|
Passing 1/2-inch sieve
|
90% to 100%
|
|
Passing 3/8-inch sieve
|
40% to 80%
|
|
Passing No. 4 sieve
|
0% to 15%
|
|
Passing No. 6 sieve
|
0% to 5%
|
|
The aggregate shall be applied immediately after application
of the liquid asphalt and at a rate of seventeen (17) to twenty (20)
pounds per square yard.
|
C.
Placement. The liquid asphalt shall be applied at the rate specified
above by a vehicle specifically designed for such work.
The aggregate shall be applied in one (1) pass via a mechanical
spreader in one (1) minute or less after application of the liquid
asphalt.
Immediately after application of the aggregate, the surface
shall be rolled with a pneumatic tired roller. The rolling operation
shall be discontinued as soon as a definite set or hardening is apparent.
The above procedure shall then be repeated to provide a minimum
total thickness of one (1) inch.
Once the final set of the asphalt surface has occurred, all
loose aggregate shall be removed by lightly brooming. Brooming operations
shall cease once the atmospheric temperature has reached seventy-eight
degrees Fahrenheit (78° F.).
D.
Traffic Control. All traffic shall be detoured around the work area
until the initial set has occurred. Once the initial set is attained,
all traffic shall be controlled to twenty-five (25) miles per hour
or less until final asphalt set.
[R.O. 1993 § 535.260; CC 1988 § 24-55]
A.
All existing facilities (roadways, utilities, foundations, etc.)
which are adjacent to the new construction shall be protected and
preserved. Should damage occur to an existing facility, it shall be
promptly repaired.
B.
Where new construction interferes with the operation of an existing
facility, the contractor shall make provisions for maintaining continuous
service. All provisions shall be subject to approval by the Building
Inspector.
[R.O. 1993 § 535.270; CC 1988 § 24-56]
The contractor shall be responsible (whether directly or indirectly)
for all construction staking. Stakes shall be set at regular intervals
[generally twenty-five (25) feet] and to any convenient offset from
the back of curb. Except in unusual circumstances, the offset shall
not exceed five (5) feet and shall be subject to the approval of the
Building Inspector.
[R.O. 1993 § 535.280; CC 1988 § 24-57]
[R.O. 1993 § 535.290; CC 1988 § 24-58]
The contractor shall agree to maintain all work for a period
of twelve (12) months after final acceptance of the work. Such maintenance
shall include, but not be limited to cracks, settlement and improper
placement.
[R.O. 1993 § 535.300; CC 1988 § 24-59]
A.
Anyone desiring to deviate from the specifications set forth in this
Article may submit his/her request in writing to the Building Inspector,
along with all pertinent data regarding the deviation.
B.
The Director shall approve or disapprove the request within thirty
(30) days, and his/her decision shall be final.
