[Ord. No. 2006-03, 8-1-2006]
The design standards in this article are intended to achieve
an arrangement of lots, streets, and utilities which accomplish the
following objectives:
(1)
Promote continuity in the public street network and utility systems.
(2)
Minimize negative impacts on adjacent properties.
(3)
Help ensure adequate accessibility for emergency vehicles.
(4)
Consideration of the natural features on the site.
(5)
Provide links to pedestrian/bicycle pathways and links between commons.
(6)
Help ensure consistency with standards of the other agencies which
review the proposed subdivision.
[Ord. No. 2006-03, 8-1-2006]
Lots within subdivisions shall conform to the following standards:
(1)
General lot arrangement.
(a)
Every lot or outlot shall front on and have direct access to
a public street.
(b)
Side lot lines shall be generally at right angles or radial
to the street rights-of-way. A greater degree of variation may be
permitted where such lot lines would create irregularly shaped lots
which would unreasonably limit construction, or where adjustments
to the standard lot configuration would protect regulated wetlands
or preserve other natural features.
(c)
Residential lots shall not face such features as freeways, arterial
streets, collector streets, shopping centers, or industrial properties.
(d)
Lots shall have a front-to-front relationship across all streets
where possible.
(e)
Through lots shall be prohibited.
(f)
Lots facing a three-way intersection should be aligned to prevent
on-coming headlight glare into the lot or onto the structure.
(g)
Blocks shall be so designed as to provide two tiers of lots,
except where lots back onto a major thoroughfare, railroad, natural
feature or subdivision boundary.
(h)
Access to residential lots shall be located on the street with the lowest functional classification per § 86-367 of the Code of Ordinances.
(i)
Lots which abut an active rail line shall comply with the minimum lot depth and setback requirements from the railroad right-of-way line as required in § 86-470 of the Code of Ordinances.
(j)
Floodplains. No portion of any lot shall be platted into the intermediate regional floodplain. Those portions of a plat, which are located within the intermediate regional floodplain shall be subject to the provisions of § 86-436 of the Code of Ordinances.
(k)
Water features. The design of subdivisions shall comply with
the Natural Resources and Environmental Protection Act (MCL § 324.4101
et seq., as amended), and the Meridian Township Wetland Protection
Ordinance.
(l)
Woodlands and mature trees. Woodland areas should be identified
in the preparation of plans submitted to the Township for the development
of a subdivision. Significant trees or woodlands should be identified
on the tentative preliminary plat and preserved to the extent consistent
with the reasonable utilization of land.
(m)
If the plat extends into an adjacent community, boundaries for
individual lots shall be within one community.
(2)
Lot sizes and shapes.
(a)
Lot area and width. Each lot shall comply with the minimum area
and width requirements of the Code of Ordinances for the district
in which the subdivision is proposed.
(b)
Lot shape. Lots should resemble rectangles but may be shaped
to adapt to natural features on the site, subject to review by the
Director of Community Planning and Development. Flag lots, irregular
shaped lots, and lots with unusual shapes proposed only for the purpose
of meeting lot area or width requirements shall not be permitted.
(c)
Water features setback and natural vegetation strip. A minimum
setback and natural vegetation strip shall be maintained for structures
and grading adjacent to any water feature, including wetlands, rivers,
drains, creeks and lakes, as required in the Code of Ordinances. The
proprietor shall demonstrate an adequate buildable area exists on
each lot without intruding into the required water features setback
or natural vegetation strip.
(d)
Width-to-depth ratio. Narrow, deep lots shall be avoided. A
depth-to-width ratio of 3:1 shall be considered a maximum, except
where the proprietor demonstrates a deeper lot will protect natural
resources, such as woodlands, wetlands, or wildlife habitat or demonstrates
a deeper lot would be a logical design for the specific location.
(e)
Building setbacks. Lots shall be of sufficient size and proportion
to accommodate the minimum required building setbacks listed in the
Code of Ordinances for the district in which the subdivision is located.
(f)
Corner lot setbacks. Corner lots shall comply with zoning standards
regarding additional depth and/or width to provide the required front
yard setback along all sides facing a public street.
(g)
Nonresidential lots. Lots intended for purposes other than residential
use(s) shall be specifically designated for such purposes, and shall
have adequate provision for off-street parking, setbacks and other
requirements in accordance with the Code of Ordinances.
[Ord. No. 2006-03, 8-1-2006]
The provisions of this chapter shall be the minimum requirements
for streets and intersections. If any other public agency having jurisdiction
shall adopt any statute, ordinance, rule or regulation imposing additional,
or more rigorous requirements, then the provisions of such statute,
ordinance, rule or regulations shall govern.
(1)
Compliance with Ingham County Road Commission (ICRC) and Michigan
Department of Transportation (MDOT) standards. The standards of this
section are intended to comply with the public street or road standards
of the Ingham County Road Commission and the Michigan Department of
Transportation.
(2)
Relationship to natural features and grades. Streets shall be aligned
to minimize impacts on natural features and existing grades.
(3)
Continuity of street system. The arrangement of streets shall provide
for the continuation of existing streets from adjacent areas into
new subdivisions, unless otherwise approved by the Township Board
due to documented environmental constraints or where the abutting
street system is not deemed capable of safely handling additional
traffic volumes. Where adjacent vacant areas are zoned or planned
for development similar to the proposed subdivision, streets shall
be extended to the boundary line of the tract to make provision for
the future street connections. The proprietor shall demonstrate the
proposed stub street is the most reasonable location for extension
into the adjacent lands, in consideration of factors including, but
not limited to grades, water bodies, wetlands and lot configuration.
(4)
Street connections. The proposed subdivision street layout shall
discourage use by through traffic, except where a continuation of
streets to adjacent properties is deemed desirable by the Township
and the Ingham County Road Commission. In determining the need for
such connections, the following issues shall be considered:
(a)
The need for adequate access for service and response time for
emergency vehicles.
(b)
Adequate and convenient access for garbage pick-up, snow removal,
and postal delivery services.
(c)
School bus safety, schedules, and routing needs.
(d)
The impacts such connections may have on reducing congestion
along collector streets and arterials.
(e)
The projected traffic volumes and the compatibility with adjacent
developments.
(5)
Existing streets or roads. Where a subdivision incorporates existing
public streets or roads which are not in conformance with current
standards, such facilities shall be reconstructed as necessary to
improve the street or road to the extent required by the Ingham County
Road Commission.
(6)
Maximum block length. The maximum block length of any street or road
constructed for any phase of a subdivision shall not be longer than
1,320 feet measured from centerline to centerline of the intersections
at each end of the block, except the Township Board may approve a
plat which varies from these dimensions upon consideration of the
following:
(a)
Recommendations from the Township police and Fire Departments.
(b)
Recommendations from the Ingham County Road Commission.
(c)
Evidence the longer block length will not create a threat to
public safety.
(d)
Documented evidence that significant natural features will be
preserved.
(e)
To address design considerations for nonresidential subdivisions.
(7)
Cul-de-sac streets, stub streets, and loop streets. The length of
cul-de-sac streets, stub streets, and loop streets with a single point
of access and egress shall not exceed 660 feet, unless a longer street
is necessary and appropriate because of topography or other natural
features, existing conditions or other circumstances as may be approved
by the Township Board and the Ingham County Road Commission.
(8)
Maximum lots on a single access. In no case shall more than 35 single-family
lots be permitted within a platted subdivision unless two means of
street access are provided. The maximum number of nonresidential lots
permitted within a platted subdivision without two means of street
access shall be determined by the Township Board based on the following:
(9)
Minimum right-of-way widths. The minimum right-of-way width for interior
subdivision streets shall be based on applicable Ingham County Road
Commission standards. A greater right-of-way may be required due to
the intensity of development, the need for additional area for utilities,
grading to accommodate planned or expected street cross sections,
and the expected traffic volumes and characteristics associated with
the types of uses which may access the street based on the zoning.
(10)
Location of entrances along principal and minor arterials or collector streets or roads. The intersection of subdivision streets with principal and minor arterial streets or collector streets shall be subject to the review and approval of the Ingham County Road Commission or the Michigan Department of Transportation, whichever is applicable. For Grand River Avenue, the entrance locations shall be consistent with the requirements of § 86-441 of the Code of Ordinances.
(11)
Entrance design. Boulevard entrances to subdivisions may be permitted by the Township, subject to the Ingham County Road Commission or Michigan Department of Transportation approval, as applicable and the requirements of § 86-441 of the Code of Ordinances.
(12)
Internal street intersections. Three-way intersections are encouraged
within the plat, rather than four-way intersections. No more than
two streets shall cross at any intersection. Street intersections
within a plat shall comply with the standards of the Ingham County
Road Commission.
(13)
Intersection angles. Streets shall be laid out to intersect as nearly
as possible to 90°, in no case shall the intersection be less
than 80°.
(14)
Horizontal curves. Horizontal curves shall be in compliance with
the standards of the Ingham County Road Commission.
(15)
Sight distance. The minimum sight distance at intersections shall
be in accordance with the clear vision standards of the Ingham County
Road Commission or Michigan Department of Transportation, as applicable.
(16)
Street grade. The maximum street grade shall be 5% and the minimum
street grade shall be 0.5% in accordance with the standards of the
Ingham County Road Commission.
(17)
Vertical alignment at intersections. The vertical alignment at intersections
shall be designed and constructed in a manner consistent with the
standards of the Ingham County Road Commission or Michigan Department
of Transportation, as applicable.
(18)
Curb and gutter. Curb and gutter six inches high straight faced shall
be required on all streets and roads in the subdivision and shall
be constructed in accordance with the standards and specifications
of the Ingham County Road Commission.
(19)
Street names. Street names shall be sufficiently distinct from other
street names in the Township to avoid confusion. A review of the master
list of existing street names retained by the Tri-County Regional
Planning Commission is required to avoid duplicate names. Proposed
street names shall be reviewed by the Tri-County Regional Planning
Commission and approved by the Township and the Ingham County Road
Commission.
(20)
Signs. The proprietor shall be responsible for placement of street name signs at all street intersections in accordance with the requirements of the Ingham County Road Commission, Michigan Department of Transportation, or Township, whichever is applicable. The proprietor shall also be responsible for placement of pavement markings and regulatory street signs (such as stop, yield, or speed limit signs) as required by the Ingham County Road Commission. All regulatory signs shall be in conformance with the Michigan Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices. Development entrance signs shall be designed and installed consistent with the requirements of Chapter 86, Article VII of the Code of Ordinances.
(21)
Stormwater drainage. Stormwater drainage for subdivision streets
and roads shall be designed and constructed in accordance with the
standards of the Ingham County Road Commission, the Michigan Department
of Transportation, or Department of Public Works and Engineering,
as applicable.
(22)
Street construction. All streets and roads shall be designed and
constructed in accordance with the standards of the Ingham County
Road Commission.
[Ord. No. 2006-03, 8-1-2006]
(1)
Pedestrian/bicycle pathways. Pedestrian/bicycle pathways shall be
constructed in all locations within or adjacent to a proposed subdivision
as identified on the current Township pedestrian/bicycle pathway plan.
The Township may also require pedestrian/bicycle pathways to provide
access from within the subdivision to existing or proposed pedestrian/bicycle
pathways adjacent to the subdivision, or to schools, parks, commercial
areas, and public institutions. Pedestrian/bicycle pathways shall
be designed and constructed in conformance with the specifications
of the Department of Public Works and Engineering.
(2)
Paved shoulders. Paved shoulders shall be constructed in all locations
adjacent to a proposed subdivision as identified in the current Meridian
Township Pedestrian/Bicycle Pathway Plan, subject to the approval
of the Ingham County Road Commission.
(3)
Sidewalks.
(a)
A five-foot wide concrete sidewalk may be required by the Township
Board on both sides of all streets or roads in the subdivision.
(b)
Where required by the Township Board, five-foot wide concrete
sidewalks shall be provided in the middle of any block over 800 feet
in length where such sidewalks would facilitate access within the
subdivision or provide access to subdivision commons, parks, or facilities.
Where such sidewalks are required, an easement a minimum of 10 feet
wide shall be provided.
(c)
All sidewalks shall be constructed according to the written
specifications of the Director of Public Works and Engineering. Grades
shall be clearly illustrated on the plans to insure proper connection
to sidewalks on adjacent lands. Sidewalks shall be constructed of
concrete in accordance with the specifications of the Director of
Public Works and Engineering. Other appropriate surfaces may be permitted
by the Director of Public Works and Engineering within sensitive environmental
areas.
(d)
Required sidewalks and pathways shall be completed by the proprietor
within two years after final plat approval.
[Ord. No. 2006-03, 8-1-2006; Ord. No. 2008-06, 4-20-2008]
The type of plant material (species), spacing and planting of
all landscaping within a subdivision shall comply with the following
standards:
(1)
General standards.
(a)
Landscaping within 15 feet of a fire hydrant shall be no taller
than six inches.
(b)
The development and planting of required landscaping shall be
the responsibility of the proprietor, not the individual lot owner.
(c)
The landscape plan including street trees shall be approved
by the Director of Community Planning and Development.
(d)
Landscaping shall comply with the sight triangle requirements specified in § 86-474 of the Code of Ordinances.
(e)
Landscape stone shall be limited to no more than 25% of the
total landscaped area. Landscape stone shall not be located directly
adjacent to a street or a pedestrian/bicycle pathway.
(2)
Street trees.
(a)
Street trees shall be planted in a manner consistent with the
street frontage for each lot, outlot, commons, parks, or other land
within the subdivision as indicated on the following chart.
|
Street Frontage1
|
Number of Street Trees Required
| |
|---|---|---|
|
Less than 100 feet
|
1
| |
|
>100.00 to 150 feet
|
2
| |
|
>150.00 to 200 feet
|
3
| |
|
>200.00 to 250 feet
|
4
| |
|
For every 50 feet over 250 feet
|
1
|
|
NOTES:
| ||
|---|---|---|
|
1
|
Corner lots shall have the number of street trees determined
by the frontage on each street separately.
| |
(b)
Street trees shall be a minimum of two inches in caliper when
planted.
(c)
Tree species should be selected for tolerance to the roadside
conditions and compliance with overhead clearance and sight distance
requirements to avoid interference with underground utility lines,
street lights or street pavement. To control tree loss due to insects
or disease, no more than 25% of trees planted shall be of the same
species. No more than two planted trees in a row shall be of the same
species. Trees shall be selected from the list of approved species
specified by the Ingham County Road Commission and the Township.
(d)
Street trees shall be planted outside the sight triangle of the intersection of two streets or the intersection of a street and driveway as described in § 86-474 of the Code of Ordinances.
(e)
Street trees shall be planted between the curb and sidewalk
in accordance with the setback standards established by the Ingham
County Road Commission and the Township; where curbs or sidewalks
do not exist, trees shall be located between the right-of way line
and the edge of the pavement but outside of areas needed for open
ditches or potential future sidewalks. Street trees may be located
on private property within the first 10 feet of the front lot line
for those lots where tree location in the public right-of-way is not
possible due to conflicts with underground utility lines or restrictions
of the Ingham County Road Commission.
(f)
The lowest branch of any street tree shall provide minimum clearance
of 13 feet above a public street and seven feet above a sidewalk,
and nine feet above a pedestrian/bicycle pathway. Greater clearances
shall be provided if required by the Ingham County Road Commission
or the Township. Shrubs and hedges shall not be allowed to overhang
a sidewalk or pedestrian/bicycle pathway.
(3)
Landscaping in cul-de-sac islands.
(a)
A minimum of one canopy tree or one conifer tree shall be planted
for every 1,000 square feet of ground area within each cul-de-sac
island.
(b)
Canopy trees shall be a minimum of three inches in caliper and
shall be planted at least 10 feet from the back of curb.
(c)
Conifer trees shall be a minimum of eight feet in height and
shall be planted at least 15 feet from the back of curb.
(d)
Canopy trees shall be maintained so the lowest branch is a minimum
of 13 feet above the elevation of the street surface.
(4)
Subdivision entrances. Subdivision entrances may include landscaping,
lighting, identification signs, fences, walls or other architectural
features. All such features shall comply with the Code of Ordinances.
(5)
Landscape buffer. A landscaped buffer a minimum of 20 feet wide shall be provided when a subdivision borders a principal arterial, minor arterial, or collector street as identified in § 86-367 of the Code of Ordinances, a railroad and commercial or industrial land. The buffer shall include trees, shrubs, berms, walls or a combination designed in accordance with the landscape standards described in the Code of Ordinances. Existing natural features shall be retained wherever possible to promote a natural appearance and to protect the existing ecosystem within the landscape buffer. Pedestrian/bicycle pathways, sidewalks, or underground utilities shall not be installed within the required landscape or natural vegetation buffer. Where a berm is used as part of the landscape buffer, the minimum height shall be two feet, six inches. The maximum slope of the berm facing the primary road shall be 5:1 and the maximum slope of the berm facing the inside of the lot shall be 3:1.
(6)
Maintenance.
(a)
Maintenance shall include, but not be limited to, the caring
for trees which are dead, dying, diseased, infected with harmful insects
or harboring insect eggs, or damaged by any means so as to be rendered
unsafe, or having unsafe branches.
(b)
The maintenance of a street tree or the replacement of a street
tree which dies within two years after planting shall be the responsibility
of the proprietor. After two years the maintenance and the replacement
of a street tree shall be the responsibility of the adjacent property
owner.
(c)
The upkeep and maintenance, including the replacement of plant
material in cul-de-sac islands, at subdivision entrances, buffer areas,
commons, parks or other lands shall be the responsibility of the proprietor
for two years after the installation. After two years, the upkeep
and maintenance shall be the responsibility of the homeowners association.
If a homeowners association is not proposed, then the proprietor shall
identify the person or organization responsible for the continuing
upkeep and maintenance of these areas.
[Ord. No. 2006-03, 8-1-2006]
A proprietor may set aside areas suitably located and of adequate
size for playgrounds, school sites, parks, recreation facilities,
or commons.
[Ord. No. 2006-03, 8-1-2006]
(1)
Utility easements. Easements shall be provided along the rear, side
or front lot lines as necessary for utility lines. The easement width
shall be a minimum of 10 feet. Recommendations on the proposed layout
of public utility easements shall be sought from all of the public
utility companies serving the area. It shall be the responsibility
of the proprietor to submit copies of the approved tentative preliminary
plat to all appropriate public utility agencies.
(2)
Drainage. The proprietor shall provide drainage easements, as required
by the rules of the Ingham County Drain Commissioner.
(3)
Municipal water and sanitary sewer services. The Township may require
easements to provide access for municipal water or sanitary sewer
or to insure the extension of such services.
(4)
Pedestrian/bicycle pathways and sidewalks. The proprietor shall provide
easements for pedestrian/bicycle pathways and sidewalks, as required
by the Department of Public Works and Engineering.
(5)
Access to outlots, commons, parks or other lands. Access to outlots,
commons, parks or other lands without access to a public street shall
have access provided through an easement a minimum of 10 feet in width.
[Ord. No. 2006-03, 8-1-2006]
It is the purpose of this section to establish and define the
public improvements which shall be provided by the proprietor, at
their expense with or without reimbursement from any public agency
or improvement district.
(1)
Sanitary sewer systems.
(a)
Connection to public sanitary sewer. If the subdivision is to
be located in an area served by the Township's public sanitary sewer
system or determined to be reasonably proximate thereto by the Director
of Public Works and Engineering, the subdivision shall be connected
to the Township's public sanitary sewer system. Any cost of extending
the Township's public sanitary sewer system to lands determined to
be reasonably proximate thereto shall be the responsibility of the
proprietor unless otherwise determined and agreed to by the Township.
The connection shall meet the requirements of the Michigan Department
of Environmental Quality, the Township, and any agency with which
the Township has contracted for the treatment and disposal of its
sewage.
(b)
Design and construction standards. The sanitary sewer system
shall be constructed in accordance with the Department of Public Works
and Engineering design and construction standards.
(c)
Septic tanks and disposal fields. In areas where public sanitary
sewer is not available septic tanks and disposal fields shall comply
with the requirements of the Ingham County Health Department and Michigan
Department of Environmental Quality (MDEQ).
(d)
Cluster systems. In areas where public sanitary sewer is not
available cluster systems designed to process less than 10,000 gallons
per day shall comply with the requirements of the Ingham County Health
Department. Those cluster systems designed to process 10,000 gallons
per day or more shall comply with the requirements of the Michigan
Department of Environmental Quality (MDEQ).
(2)
Water system.
(a)
Connection to the public water system. If the subdivision is
to be located in an area served by the Township's public water system
or determined to be reasonably proximate thereto by the Director of
Public Works and Engineering, the subdivision shall be connected to
and obtain its entire water supply for human consumption purposes,
sanitary purposes, irrigation systems, fire hydrants and fire sprinkler
systems from the Township's public water supply system. Any cost of
extending the Township's public water supply system to lands determined
to be reasonably proximate thereto shall be the responsibility of
the proprietor unless otherwise determined and agreed to by the Township.
The connection shall meet the requirements of the State of Michigan
and any water supplier with which the Township has contracted for
water supply.
(b)
Design and construction standards. The water system shall be
constructed in accordance with the Department of Public Works and
Engineering design and construction standards.
(c)
Wells. In areas where public water is not available wells shall
comply with the requirements of the Ingham County Health Department,
Michigan Department of Environmental Quality, and the Township.
(3)
Storm drainage.
(a)
An adequate storm and surface water drainage system, which may
consist of storm sewers, drain inlets, manholes, culverts, bridges,
sedimentation basins, and natural and constructed components, shall
be required and shall meet requirements of the Township and the Ingham
County Drain Commissioner and shall be subject to review and approval
by the Director of Public Works and Engineering. On-site detention
or retention shall be subject to the review and approval of the Ingham
County Drain Commissioner's Office and the Director of Public Works
and Engineering. The option of joint retention and detention is also
available, subject to the same review and approval process.
(b)
The system design shall not adversely affect neighboring properties
and natural features, or worsen downstream flooding and water quality.
Lots shall be laid out so as to provide positive drainage away from
all buildings and individual lot drainage shall be coordinated with
the general storm drainage pattern for the area.
(c)
Surface water management systems shall be designed to retain
the natural function and value of any wetland, water body, or watercourse,
and to not increase flooding or the potential for pollution of surface
or groundwater, either on-site or off-site, from such pollutants as
sediment, nutrients, or toxic substances.
(d)
Existing surface water flow entering the site shall be received
and discharged at the same rate as occurred prior to the development.
Both peak flow and runoff volumes shall be maintained at predevelopment
levels.
(e)
The grading of lots shall be such that surface water drains
away from building foundations and toward swales, ditches, retention
areas, or drainage structures. Surface water from all roofs and paved
areas shall be collected at intervals so it will not obstruct vehicular
or pedestrian traffic and will not create nuisance ponding in paved
areas.
(f)
Wetlands shall not be used for on-site detention or retention
of surface water unless no other practical alternative exists and
it can be demonstrated to the Township's environmental consultant
that it will not have an adverse effect upon ecological and hydrological
characteristics of the wetland. Final preliminary plat approval shall
not be granted until all necessary wetland permits are obtained.
(g)
If the Township or the Ingham County Drain Commissioner accepts
or requires stormwater retention or detention, the maximum side slope
shall not exceed a one-foot rise per four-foot run and the outside
edge of the retention or detention basin shall provide adequate space
for landscaping. A landscape plan shall be submitted for the retention
or detention basin which illustrates views of the detention/retention
area will be obscured from adjacent streets or lots. If such area
borders an existing single-family residential development, landscaping
shall be installed, subject to the review and approval of the Township.
(4)
Underground wiring. The proprietor of any subdivision shall make
arrangements for all telephone, cable television and electric service
lines, exclusive of main supply and perimeter feed lines when located
on section or quarter section lines, to be placed entirely underground
throughout a subdivided area; provided, however, when a subdivision
overlaps a section or quarter section line, said main supply and perimeter
feed lines located on such section or quarter section line shall be
placed underground. Whenever possible, these should be installed outside
of a tree dripline and existing natural areas. The Township Board,
upon recommendation from the Planning Commission may waive or modify
this requirement where, in its judgment, circumstances exist which
render compliance impractical. Conduits or cables shall be placed
within private easements provided to the service companies by the
proprietor or within public rights-of-way. Those telephone and cable
television and electrical facilities placed in dedicated public rights-of-way
shall be planned so as not to conflict with other underground utilities.
All telephone and electrical facilities shall be constructed in accordance
with standards of construction approved by the Michigan Public Service
Commission.
[Ord. No. 2006-03, 8-1-2006]
(1)
Soil erosion and sedimentation control.
(a)
In the event a proprietor intends to make changes in the contour
of any land proposed to be subdivided, developed, or changed in use
by razing, excavating, removal or destruction of the natural topsoil,
trees, or other vegetative covering thereon, the property owner or
his/her agent shall first apply to the Ingham County Drain Commissioner
for approval of a plan for soil erosion and sedimentation control.
