Every building erected, enlarged, converted, or relocated and each use or change of use of land shall be provided with off-street parking spaces and off-street loading spaces in accordance with the Table of Parking and Loading Requirements. The following table is incorporated in and made part of this chapter. In the event of discrepancies between the narrative text in the sections of this chapter and the table, the text of the sections shall control:
Table of Parking and Loading Requirements
Use
Parking Requirements
Loading Requirements
One-family dwelling
Two-family dwelling
Multifamily (3 + dwelling units per structure)
2 spaces per dwelling unit
1 loading space for each multifamily dwelling containing more than 10 dwelling units
Hotel, motel, bed-and-breakfast, rooming or boarding- or lodging house, tourist home, dormitories, or other non-family residence accommodations, excluding group homes
1 space per each employee per shift who does not reside on the premises; 1 space per guest room; dwelling parking requirements, if applicable
1 loading space for each building containing more than 20 guest rooms
Offices: general, professional, business, banks, medical clinics and laboratories, radio and television stations; offices of nonprofit educational, cultural, or charitable organizations
1 space per each employee per shift; a minimum of 6 spaces for customers
1 loading space for each building
Fast-food drive-in, carry-out restaurants
1 space per each employee per shift; minimum of 10 spaces for customers
1 loading space for each building
Businesses engaged in retail sale of goods and services, not elsewhere enumerated herein
1 space per each employee per shift; minimum of 3 spaces for customers
Business engaged in retail sales, rental, repair, servicing, storage and distribution of motor vehicles, trailers, campers, boats, furniture or building materials
1 space per each employee per shift; minimum of 3 spaces for customers
1 loading space for each building
Restaurants
1 space per each four seats of total seating capacity
1 loading space for each building
Hospital, convalescent homes, nursing homes, rest homes or homes for the aged
1 space per 4 beds
1 loading space for each building
Places of assembly, including theaters, veterans, fraternal, social and recreational clubs and organizations not operated for a profit; taxi, bus and railroad passenger terminals; auditoriums, theaters, bowling alleys and dance halls; sports facilities; places of worship; funeral homes
1 space per 5 seats for which the building is designed
1 loading space for each building
Business engaged in the manufacturing, processing, assembly, fabrication of products, including research and testing laboratories and facilities
1 space per each 500 square feet of gross floor area; 1 space for each vehicle used in conducting the business
2 loading spaces for each building
Business engaged in the warehousing and distribution of goods and materials, including building and construction contractors, equipment and supplies on premises, motor freight terminals, facilities for storing and servicing of motor vehicles used in conducting a business or public transportation, industrial machinery and equipment, grain, petroleum products and junkyards
1 space per 1,500 square feet of gross floor area up to 15,000 square feet; thereafter, 1 additional space for each 5,000 square feet of floor area beyond 15,000 square feet; 1 space for each vehicle used in conducting the business
Schools, adult day-care centers, day-care centers, excluding family day-care homes
1 space per each employee per shift
1 loading space for each building
Group homes
1 space per each employee per shift
1 loading space for each building containing more than 20 guest rooms
Family (in-home) day care
1 space for each nonresident employee; also see residential parking requirements
A. 
Parking or loading spaces being maintained in any district in connection with any existing use on the effective date of this chapter, or any spaces subsequently provided in accordance with this chapter, shall not be decreased or in any way removed from service to the use originally intended to be served so long as said use remains, unless a number of parking or loading spaces is constructed elsewhere on the property, provided that this regulation shall not require the maintenance of more parking or loading spaces than is required according to the tables.
B. 
In the event of the enlargement of a structure existing on the effective date of the ordinance from which this section is derived, or the construction or relocation of additional structures on a lot, after such effective date, the regulations of this section shall apply only to the enlargement, construction or relocation thereof, except that any off-street parking and off-street loading facilities established to serve any building and any uses prior to such effective date shall not be reduced below the required number.
The change in use of an existing structure built prior to the effective date of this chapter shall be permitted without meeting the required number of parking spaces; provided the Building Inspector makes a determination that the number of existing parking spaces, if any, is not being reduced, the use is permitted as a preexisting nonconforming use in the district, and additional parking cannot be provided in a reasonable manner.
A. 
Off-street parking and loading for buildings other than single- or two-family residences, may be provided in structures or in the open air, and shall be subject to the following regulations pertaining to their layout and location:
(1) 
Parking spaces shall be located on the same lot as the building or use which they are intended to serve, except that they may be provided on an adjoining lot in the same ownership.
(2) 
Parking space for three or fewer vehicles may be provided in the form of a driveway on a lot; the improved surface may be extended to one foot of the side line.
(3) 
Where a drive or aisle, other than a street, is required to maneuver a vehicle into or out of a parking space, such drive or aisle shall be at least 22 feet wide for parking spaces situated at right angles, or nearly right angles, to the aisle. For parking spaces situated at an angle of 30° to 60° to the aisle, the required width of the aisle shall be at least 16 feet.
(4) 
Parking and loading spaces other than those required for single two-family dwellings shall be so arranged as not to permit backing of vehicles onto any street.
(5) 
No off-street loading areas or berths shall be laid out in such a manner as will result in loading or unloading being carried on within a street right-of-way or other public property. Each area or berth shall be of sufficient size as to accommodate the largest expected truck or tractor trailer common to the building use.
B. 
All parking and loading areas containing over five spaces which are not inside a structure shall also be subject to the following unless such requirement is waived by the City Building Inspector based on a determination that the proposed conditions satisfy the intent of these standards:
(1) 
The surfaced area shall be set back at least 10 feet from front lot lines and from all lot lines of abutting property used for residential purposes; however, for side and rear lot lines the setback need only be five feet if the setback includes a solid wall or fence, five feet to six feet in height complemented by suitable plantings. In no case shall the paved area be set back from the front lot line a distance less than the minimum front yard setback for the district, nor from a side or rear lot line a distance less than the minimum buffer width required by the Table of Parking and Loading Requirements (§ 86-441).
(2) 
Parking areas providing more than 25 spaces shall include a landscaped area that is at least 8% of the total paved portion of the parking area. Minimum required landscaped setbacks and buffers at the perimeter of the parking area shall not be counted toward the landscaping requirement of this subsection. Individual strips of landscaping shall be at least four feet in width.
Any parking or loading requirement set forth herein may be reduced or modified upon the issuance of a special permit by the Zoning Board of Appeals, if the Board finds that the reduction or modification is not inconsistent with public health and safety, or that the reduction or modification promotes a public benefit. Such cases might include:
A. 
Use of a common parking lot for separate uses having peak demands occurring at different times.
B. 
Age or other characteristics of occupants of the facility requiring parking which reduces auto usage.
C. 
Peculiarities of the use which make usual measures of demand invalid.
D. 
Availability of on-street parking or parking at nearby municipal facilities.
E. 
Use of off-site parking.
[1]
Editor's Note: Former §§ 86-446, Setbacks for garages and sheds, 86-447, Home occupation as of right, and 86-448, Pigeon lofts, were removed from this Division 1 to a new Division 5, Other Uses, at time of adoption of Code (see Ch. 1, General Provisions). See now §§ 86-466, 86-467 and 86-468, respectively.