The intent of this article is to prevent or alleviate congestion
on public streets and to promote the public safety and welfare by
establishing standards for the provision of off-street parking and
loading spaces.
A.
In all districts, every industrial, business, institutional, recreational, residential or other use shall provide, at the time of any change of use or when any building or structure is erected, enlarged or increased in capacity, off-street parking for motor vehicles in accordance with the requirements of this and other applicable sections of these regulations, especially site plan approval in accordance with Article XIV, and landscaping in accordance with Article IX and access management standards of Article XV.
B.
Loading spaces shall be provided and maintained on the same premises
with every building or structure erected, occupied, enlarged or intended
to be used, involving the receipt or distribution by vehicles of material
or merchandise. No such activity shall use public right-of-way or
parking area for standing, loading and unloading services.
C.
Bus, taxi or passenger loading spaces may also be required, depending
on the use.
Parking and loading spaces shall be located in accordance with
the following:
A.
For single-family detached, semidetached, two-family, attached and
accessory dwelling units, off-street parking shall be provided on
the same lot with the building it serves.
B.
For multifamily dwellings, required off-street parking shall be located
as close to the use as possible, given site conditions, and in no
case more than 200 feet from the building it is required to serve.
C.
Access drives to any commercial district through any residential
or Mixed Use District shall not be considered to be a permitted use.
D.
The location, dimensions and signage of handicapped parking shall
meet the requirements of the New York State Uniform Fire Prevention
and Building Code.
A.
In places of public assembly in which patrons or occupants are accommodated
in pews, benches or other similar seating facilities, each 24 inches
of such seating shall be counted as one seat for the purpose of determining
adequacy of parking.
B.
If spaces are provided on the basis of employees or students, the
number on the maximum shift or peak period shall be used.
C.
Unless otherwise specified, off-street parking standards are based
on square feet of all floor area, including the area of any accessory
buildings.
At the discretion of the Joint Planning Board, uses within 500
feet of a municipal parking lot or designated on-street parking may
be wholly or partially exempted from off-street parking requirements.
Such uses may be required to make a cash payment in lieu of providing
off-street parking with such moneys dedicated to expansion or improvement
of public parking facilities within the same commercial district.
A.
The collective provision of off-street parking areas for two or more buildings or uses located on adjacent lots is permitted. Unless it has been demonstrated that joint use is appropriate in accordance with Subsection C below, the total of such off-street parking facilities shall not be less than the sum required for the various buildings or uses computed separately. Furthermore, the land upon which the collective facilities are located must be owned or leased by one or more of the collective users.
B.
Off-site parking. Off-site parking meeting the location requirements of § 155-82 may be used to meet the requirements of this article. Such off-site parking shall be subject to deed, lease or contract restrictions acceptable to the Municipal Attorney binding the owner, heirs or assigns to maintain the required number of spaces available throughout the life of such use.
C.
Joint use. The off-street parking requirements of two or more uses,
structures or parcels of land may be satisfied by the same parking
or loading space used jointly to the extent that it can be shown by
the owners or operators of the uses, structures or parcels that their
operations and parking needs do not overlap at any point in time.
If the uses, structures or parcels are under separate ownership, the
right to joint use of the parking space must be evidenced by a deed,
lease, contract or other appropriate written document to establish
the joint use.
No building or lot alterations nor change of use shall be allowed
which would increase the degree of nonconformity with the off-street
parking and loading regulations of this article.
The listed parking standards reflect reasonable standards for
most uses in most locations. The Livonia governing board, in adopting
these standards, is providing guidance to future developers, tenants
and residents of uses requiring off-street parking and loading. From
an environmental and cost perspective, it is always desirable to construct
the least number of parking spaces to accommodate a particular use.
The following general requirements apply to all off-street parking.
A.
Applicants are encouraged to provide evidence of lessor parking and
loading demand if appropriate.
B.
The Joint Planning Board, at its discretion, may require less off-street
parking or loading if warranted based on the information presented.
In any case where less off-street parking is required, the Joint Planning
Board reserves the right to require the set-aside of additional open
space sufficient to accommodate the amount of off-street parking which
would ordinarily be required.
C.
The Joint Planning Board also reserves the right to request additional
information, such as but not limited to expected number of employees,
students, expected attendance or expected deliveries, relevant to
judging the adequacy of listed parking and loading standards. Such
information may result in application of off-street parking standards
higher than those listed.
D.
For uses not listed, the required number of off-street parking or
loading spaces shall be determined by the Joint Planning Board based
on similarity to listed uses and information provided by the applicant.
E.
In all cases, provided off-street parking and loading should be sufficient
to prevent frequent on-street parking outside designated on-street
parking areas by users or employees or the loading and unloading of
passengers or materials from the public right-of-way in such a manner
that is disruptive to traffic.
F.
In addition to the off-street parking required based on the following
standards, one appropriately sized parking space shall be available
for each commercial vehicle used in any business conducted on or from
the premises.
G.
The Joint Planning Board reserves the right to require off-street
parking spaces suitable for vehicles with boats or trailers in tow.
H.
Parking of any tractor-trailer combination, except in conjunction
with provision of a commercial service to an owner or occupant of
the property, shall be prohibited in any residential or Mixed Use
District. The parking of one tractor without an attached trailer which
is owned by or leased to the occupant of a dwelling is allowed, subject
to the availability of an off-street parking space which meets all
the requirements of these regulations.
I.
Adequate off-street loading space(s) shall be provided for any commercial,
institutional or industrial use which involves receipt or distribution
of goods.
|
Use
|
Required Spaces
| ||
|---|---|---|---|
|
Bar or tavern
|
1 per 50 square feet
| ||
|
Dwelling
|
2 per dwelling
| ||
|
Home occupation
|
1 per nonresident employee and at least 1 client parking space
in addition to space(s) required for the dwelling
| ||
|
Hotel/motel
|
1 per sleeping room, plus parking spaces as required for any
accessory uses
| ||
|
Manufacturing
|
1.5 per 1,000 square feet
| ||
|
Marina
|
0.6 space for each slip, mooring or quick-launch storage berth
| ||
|
Motor vehicle services station
|
3 per service bay and parking for accessory retail uses
| ||
|
Office, general (including office portion of manufacturing or
warehouse use)
|
4 per 1,000 square feet
| ||
|
Office, medical
|
5.7 per 1,000 square feet
| ||
|
Places of public assembly (auditorium, church, etc.)
|
1 per 3 seats or 1 per 100 square feet if no fixed seats
| ||
|
Residential care facility
|
0.3 per resident
| ||
|
Restaurant:
| |||
|
Sit-down low turnover (evening peak)
|
17 per 1,000 square feet
| ||
|
Sit-down high turnover (midday peak)
|
21 per 1,000 square feet
| ||
|
Retail, general
|
3 per 1,000 square feet
| ||
|
Retail, hard goods (furniture, appliances, vehicles)
|
2.5 per 1,000 square feet
| ||
|
Service, personal care
|
2 per treatment station
| ||
|
Service, other
|
3 per 1,000 square feet
| ||
|
Shopping center:
| |||
|
Less than 400,000 square gross leasable area (GLA)
|
4 per 1,000 square feet GLA
| ||
|
400,000 to 600,000 square feet GLA
|
4.5 per 1,000 square feet GLA
| ||
|
More than 600,000 square feet GLA
|
5 per 1,000 square feet GLA
| ||
|
Warehouse
|
1 per 2,000 square feet
| ||
B.
The size of standard perpendicular off-street parking spaces shall
be a minimum of nine feet wide by 20 feet long.
C.
All parking areas, passageways and driveways serving commercial or
industrial uses shall be illuminated adequately during the hours between
sunset and sunrise when the parking area is in operation. Adequate
shielding shall be provided by commercial and industrial uses to protect
adjacent residential uses from the glare of such illumination and
from that of automobile headlights.
E.
Where parking spaces abut sidewalks, landscaped areas, lighting fixtures
or fences, appropriate car stops shall be installed to prevent encroachment
on or damage to such features.
F.
All off-street parking areas of more than 20 spaces shall provide
a snow storage area independent of required parking and loading areas.
G.
All required parking areas shall be independent of required emergency
access lanes, loading areas and drive-in queuing lanes.
H.
Driveway location shall be in accordance with the access management standards of Article XV. In general, no driveway to an off-street parking area shall be located closer than 50 feet to the intersection of any two streets or within 20 feet of any side lot line, provided that sufficient distance will always remain for all required radii for said driveway. The distance from the driveway to the intersection shall be measured by extending the curbline of the intersecting street until it intersects the curbline, extending if necessary, the driveway in question.
I.
Driveways shall be designed to provide for the safe and efficient movement of traffic between the roadway and the site, to eliminate the potential for stacking of vehicles along the public right-of-way and to minimize interference with pedestrians and vehicles using the site and the public right-of-way. Driveway design standards shall be in accordance with the access management standards in Article XV.
A.
Required loading spaces shall be 12 feet by 35 feet, with a fourteen-foot
height clearance. If tractor-trailer deliveries are expected, at least
one loading space 12 feet by 55 feet shall be provided.
B.
All required loading areas shall be independent of required emergency
access lanes, parking areas and drive-in queuing lanes.
