City of Crestwood, MO Article I In General

§ 16-1 Assault.

[R.O. 1985 § 16-1; Ord. No. 4744, § 1 (Exh. A), 4-25-2017]

(a) A person commits the offense of assault if:

(1) The person attempts to cause or recklessly causes physical injury, physical pain or illness to another person; or

(2) With criminal negligence the person causes physical injury to another person by means of a firearm; or

(3) The person purposefully places another person in apprehension of immediate physical injury; or

(4) The person recklessly engages in conduct that creates a substantial risk of death or serious physical injury to another person; or

(5) The person knowingly causes or attempts to cause physical contact with a person with a disability, which a reasonable person, who does not have a disability, would consider offensive or provocative; or

(6) The person knowingly causes physical contact with another person knowing the other person will regard the contact as offensive or provocative.

§ 16-2 Domestic Assault.

[R.O. 1985 § 16-2; Ord. No. 4744, § 1 (Exh. A), 4-25-2017]

(a) A person commits the offense of domestic assault if the act involves a domestic victim, as the term "domestic victim" is defined under Section 565.002, RSMo., and:

(1) The person attempts to cause or recklessly causes physical injury, physical pain, or illness to such domestic victim;

(2) With criminal negligence the person causes physical injury to such domestic victim by means of a deadly weapon or dangerous instrument;

(3) The person purposely places such domestic victim in apprehension of immediate physical injury by any means;

(4) The person recklessly engages in conduct which creates a substantial risk of death or serious physical injury to such domestic victim;

(5) The person knowingly causes physical contact with such domestic victim knowing he or she will regard the contact as offensive; or

(6) The person knowingly attempts to cause or causes the isolation of such domestic victim by unreasonably and substantially restricting or limiting his or her access to other persons, telecommunications devices or transportation for the purpose of isolation.

§ 16-3 Unlawful Use Of weapons.

[R.O. 1985 § 16-3; Ord. No. 4744, § 1 (Exh. A), 4-25-2017]

(a) A person commits the offense of unlawful use of weapons if he or she knowingly:

(1) Carries concealed upon or about his or her person a knife, a firearm, a blackjack or any other weapon readily capable of lethal use into any area where firearms are restricted under Section 16-4 of this Code; or

(2) Sets a spring gun; or

(3) Discharges or shoots a firearm into a dwelling house, a railroad train, boat, aircraft, or motor vehicle as defined in Section 302.010, RSMo., or any building or structure used for the assembling of people; or

(4) Exhibits, in the presence of one (1) or more persons, any weapon readily capable of lethal use in an angry or threatening manner; or

(5) Has a firearm or projectile weapon readily capable of lethal use on his or her person, while he or she is intoxicated, and handles or otherwise uses such firearm or projectile weapon in either a negligent or unlawful manner or discharges such firearm or projectile weapon unless acting in self-defense; or

(6) Discharges a firearm within one hundred (100) yards of any occupied schoolhouse, courthouse, or church building; or

(7) Discharges or shoots a firearm at a mark, at any object, or at random, on, along or across a public highway or discharges or shoots a firearm into any outbuilding; or

(8) Carries a firearm or any other weapon readily capable of lethal use into any church or place where people have assembled for worship, or into any school, or into any election precinct on any election day, or into any building owned or occupied by any agency of the Federal government, State government, or political subdivision thereof; or

(9) Discharges or shoots a firearm at or from a motor vehicle, as defined in Section 301.010, RSMo., discharges or shoots a firearm at any person, or at any other motor vehicle, or at any building or habitable structure, unless the person was lawfully acting in self-defense; or

(10) Carries a firearm, whether loaded or unloaded, or any other weapon readily capable of lethal use into any school, onto any school bus, or onto the premises of any function or activity sponsored or sanctioned by school officials or the district school board; or

(11) Possesses a firearm while also knowingly in possession of a controlled substance that is sufficient for a felony violation of Section 579.015, RSMo; or

(12) Openly carries a firearm or any other weapon readily capable of lethal use within the City limits, provided that this Subsection shall not apply to any person who has a valid concealed carry permit issued pursuant to Sections 571.101, RSMo. or 571.205, RSMo., or a valid permit to carry concealed firearms issued by another State or political subdivision of another State, and this Subsection shall not apply to State, county, and municipal Peace Officers.

[Added 9-24-2019 by Ord. No. 4992]

(b) Subsections (a)(1), (8) and (10) of this Section shall not apply to or affect any of the following:

(1) All State, county and municipal Peace Officers who have completed the training required by the Police Officer standards and training commission pursuant to Sections 590.030 to 590.050, RSMo., and who possess the duty and power of arrest for violation of the general criminal laws of the State or for violation of ordinances of counties or municipalities of the State, whether such officers are on or off duty, and whether such officers are within or outside their jurisdictions, or all qualified retired Peace Officers, as defined in Subsection 12 of Section 571.030, RSMo., and who carry the identification defined in Subsection 13 of Section 571.030, RSMo., or any person summoned by such officers to assist in making arrests or preserving the peace while actually engaged in assisting such officer;

(2) Wardens, superintendents and keepers of prisons, penitentiaries, jails and other institutions for the detention of persons accused or convicted of crime;

(3) Members of the Armed Forces or National Guard while performing their official duty;

(4) Those persons vested by Article V, Section 1 of the Constitution of Missouri with the judicial power of the State and those persons vested by Article III of the Constitution of the United States with the judicial power of the United States, the members of the Federal judiciary;

(5) Any person whose bona fide duty is to execute process, civil or criminal;

(6) Any Federal probation officer or Federal flight deck officer as defined under the Federal flight deck officer program, 49 U.S.C. § 44921, regardless of whether such officers are on duty, or within the law enforcement agency's jurisdiction;

(7) Any State probation or parole officer, including supervisors and members of the Board of Probation and Parole;

(8) Any corporate security advisor meeting the definition and fulfilling the requirements of the regulations established by the Department of Public Safety under Section 590.750, RSMo.;

(9) Any coroner, deputy coroner, medical examiner, or assistant medical examiner;

(10) Any municipal or county prosecuting attorney or assistant prosecuting attorney; circuit attorney or assistant circuit attorney; municipal, associate, or circuit judge; or any person appointed by a court to be a special prosecutor who has completed the firearms safety training course required under Subsection 2 of Section 571.111, RSMo.;

(11) Any member of a Fire Department or fire protection district who is employed on a full-time basis as a fire investigator and who has a valid concealed carry permit under Section 571.111, RSMo., when such uses are reasonably associated with or are necessary to the fulfillment of such person's official duties; and

(12) Upon the written approval of the governing body of a Fire Department or fire protection district, any paid Fire Department or fire protection district member who is employed on a full-time basis and who has a valid concealed carry permit, when such uses are reasonably associated with or are necessary to the fulfillment of such person's official duties.

(c) Subsections (a)(1), (5), (8), and (10) of this Section do not apply when the actor is transporting such weapons in a non-functioning state or in an unloaded state when ammunition is not readily accessible or when such weapons are not readily accessible. Subsection (a)(1) of this Section does not apply to any person nineteen (19) years of age or older or eighteen (18) years of age or older and a member of the United States Armed Forces, or honorably discharged from the United States Armed Forces, transporting a concealable firearm in the passenger compartment of a motor vehicle, so long as such concealable firearm is otherwise lawfully possessed, nor when the actor is also in possession of an exposed firearm or projectile weapon for the lawful pursuit of game, or is in his or her dwelling unit or upon premises over which the actor has possession, authority or control, or is traveling in a continuous journey peaceably through this State. Subsection (a)(10) of this Section does not apply if the firearm is otherwise lawfully possessed by a person while traversing school premises for the purposes of transporting a student to or from school, or possessed by an adult for the purposes of facilitation of a school-sanctioned firearm-related event.

(d) Subsections (a)(1), (8), and (10) of this Section shall not apply to any person who has a valid concealed carry permit issued pursuant to Sections 571.101, RSMo., 571.205, RSMo., or a valid permit to carry concealed firearms issued by another State or political subdivision of another State.

(e) Subsections (a)(3), (4), (5), (6), (7), (8), (9), and (10) of this Section shall not apply to persons who are engaged in a lawful act of defense pursuant to Section 563.031, RSMo.

(f) Notwithstanding any provision of this Section to the contrary, the State shall not prohibit any State employee from having a firearm in the employee's vehicle on the State's property provided that the vehicle is locked and the firearm is not visible. This Subsection shall only apply to the State as an employer when the State employee's vehicle is on property owned or leased by the State and the State employee is conducting activities within the scope of his or her employment. For the purposes of this Subsection, "State employee" means an employee of the executive, legislative, or judicial branch of the Government of the State of Missouri.

(g) Nothing in this Section shall make it unlawful for a student to actually participate in school-sanctioned gun safety courses, student military or ROTC courses, or other school-sponsored firearm-related events, provided the student does not carry a firearm or other weapon readily capable of lethal use into any school, onto any school bus, or onto the premises of any other function or activity sponsored or sanctioned by school officials or the district school board.

§ 16-4 Concealed Weapons.

[R.O. 1985 § 16-4; Ord. No. 4744, § 1 (Exh. A), 4-25-2017]

(a) No person who has been issued a concealed carry permit under Sections 571.101, RSMo., or 571.205, RSMo., or who has been issued a valid permit or endorsement to carry concealed firearms issued by another State or political subdivision of another State, shall, by authority of that endorsement or permit, be allowed to carry a firearm, whether carried openly or concealed, into:

[Amended 9-24-2019 by Ord. No. 4992]

(1) Any police station or substation in the City of Crestwood without the consent of the Chief of Police of the City. Possession of a firearm in a vehicle on the premises of any police station or substation shall not be a criminal offense so long as the firearm is not removed from the vehicle or brandished while the vehicle is on the premises;

(2) Within twenty-five (25) feet of any polling place on any election day. Possession of a firearm in a vehicle on the premises of the polling place shall not be a criminal offense so long as the firearm is not removed from the vehicle or brandished while the vehicle is on the premises;

(3) The facility of any adult or juvenile detention or correctional institution, prison or jail. Possession of a firearm in a vehicle on the premises of any adult, juvenile detention, or correctional institution, prison or jail shall not be a criminal offense so long as the firearm is not removed from the vehicle or brandished while the vehicle is on the premises;

(4) Any meeting of the Crestwood Board of Aldermen, except that nothing in this Subsection shall preclude a member of the body holding a valid concealed carry permit from carrying a concealed firearm at a meeting of the body which he or she is a member. Possession of a firearm in a vehicle on the premises shall not be a criminal offense so long as the firearm is not removed from the vehicle or brandished while the vehicle is on the premises;

(5) Any building owned, leased or controlled by the City of Crestwood which is clearly identified by signs posted at the entrance to the building or at the restricted area to indicate that carrying a concealed weapon in the building or in a restricted area is prohibited. However, firing ranges, any building used for public housing by private persons, and any private dwellings owned, leased or controlled by the City are exempted from this restriction unless carrying of a firearm is otherwise prohibited by Federal law. All persons violating this Subsection shall be denied entrance to the building, ordered to leave the building, and if any person refuses to leave the premises, such person shall be deemed to be trespassing upon City property and shall be subject to the penalties prescribed under Section 16-28 of the Crestwood Code of Ordinances in addition to being issued a citation for violation of this Section as provided for herein. If such persons are employees of the City, they may also be subjected to disciplinary measures;

(6) Any establishment licensed to dispense intoxicating liquor for consumption on the premises, which portion is primarily devoted to that purpose without the consent of the owner or manager. The provisions of this Subsection shall not apply to the licensee of said establishment. The provisions of this Subsection shall not apply to any bona fide restaurant open to the general public having dining facilities for not less than fifty (50) persons and that receives at least fifty-one percent (51%) of its gross annual income from the dining facilities by the sale of food. This Subsection does not prohibit the possession of a firearm in a vehicle on the premises of the establishment and shall not be a criminal offense so long as the firearm is not removed from the vehicle or brandished while the vehicle is on the premises. Nothing in this Subsection authorizes any individual who has been issued a concealed carry endorsement to possess any firearm while intoxicated;

(7) Any place where the carrying of a firearm is prohibited by Federal law;

(8) Any higher education institution or elementary or secondary school facility without the consent of the governing body of the higher education institution or a school official or the district school board. Possession of a firearm in a vehicle on the premises of any higher education institution or elementary or secondary school facility shall not be a criminal offense so long as the firearm is not removed from the vehicle or brandished while the vehicle is on the premises;

(9) Any portion of a building used as a child-care facility without the consent of the manager. Nothing in this Subsection shall prevent the operator of a child-care facility in a family home from owning or possessing a firearm or a concealed carry permit;

(10) Any gated area of an amusement park. Possession of a firearm in a vehicle on the premises of the amusement park shall not be a criminal offense so long as the firearm is not removed from the vehicle or brandished while the vehicle is on the premises;

(11) Any church or other place of religious worship without the consent of the minister or person or persons representing the religious organization that exercises control over the place of religious worship. Possession of a firearm in a vehicle on the premises shall not be a criminal offense so long as the firearm is not removed from the vehicle or brandished while the vehicle is on the premises;

(12) Any private property whose owner has posted the premises as being off-limits to concealed firearms by means of one (1) or more signs displayed in a conspicuous place of a minimum size of eleven (11) inches by fourteen (14) inches with the writing thereon in letters of not less than one (1) inch. The owner, business or commercial lessee, manager of a private business enterprise, or any other organization, entity, or person may prohibit persons holding a concealed carry endorsement from carrying concealed firearms on the premises and may prohibit employees, not authorized by the employer, holding a concealed carry endorsement from carrying concealed firearms on the property of the employer. If the building or the premises are open to the public, the employer of the business enterprise shall post signs on or about the premises if carrying a concealed firearm is prohibited. Possession of a firearm in a vehicle on the premises shall not be a criminal offense so long as the firearm is not removed from the vehicle or brandished while the vehicle is on the premises;

(13) Any sports arena or stadium with a seating capacity of five thousand (5,000) or more. Possession of a firearm in a vehicle on the premises shall not be a criminal offense so long as the firearm is not removed from the vehicle or brandished while the vehicle is on the premises;

(14) Any hospital or medical care facility accessible by the public. Possession of a firearm in a vehicle on the premises of a hospital shall not be a criminal offense so long as the firearm is not removed from the vehicle or brandished while the vehicle is on the premises.

(b) Carrying of a concealed firearm in a location prohibited by Subsections (a)(1) – (14) of this Section by any individual who holds a concealed carry endorsement issued pursuant to Sections 571.101 or 571.205, RSMo., shall not be a criminal act but may subject the person to denial to the premises or removal from the premises. If such person refuses to leave the premises and a Peace Officer is summoned, such person may be issued a citation for a violation of Subsection (a) of this Section in an amount not to exceed one hundred ($100) for the first offense in addition to citation(s) for violation(s) of other provisions of the Crestwood Code of Ordinances. If a second citation for a similar violation of Subsection (a) of this Section occurs within a six-month period, such person shall be fined an amount not to exceed two hundred dollars ($200) and his or her endorsement to carry concealed firearms shall be suspended for a period of one (1) year. If a third citation for a similar violation of Subsection (a) of this Section is issued within one (1) year of the first citation such person shall be fined an amount not to exceed five hundred dollars ($500) and shall have his or her concealed carry endorsement revoked and such person shall not be eligible for a concealed carry endorsement for a period of three (3) years. Upon conviction of charges arising from a citation issued pursuant to this Section, the court shall notify the sheriff of the county which issued the concealed carry permit. Nothing contained herein shall prohibit the issuance of citations for violations of any other provisions of the Crestwood Code of Ordinances.

(c) Any person openly carrying a firearm within the City limits shall display his or her concealed carry permit upon demand of a Law Enforcement Officer. Any person openly carrying a firearm who fails to display his or her concealed carry permit upon demand of a Law Enforcement Officer may be issued a citation for an amount not to exceed thirty-five dollars ($35).

[Added 9-24-2019 by Ord. No. 4992]

§ 16-5 Use Of Weapons Or Missiles.

[R.O. 1985 § 16-5; Ord. No. 4744, § 1 (Exh. A), 4-25-2017]

(a) It shall be unlawful to discharge any missile or projectile in the City from any air rifle, pellet rifle, bow, cross-bow, blow gun, paintball gun, slingshot or other contrivance or apparatus capable of discharging any missile or projectile which might or could cause injury to person or property, or to threaten to injure any person or property with any such contrivance or apparatus or any missile, projectile, weapon, club or other thing that might or could cause injury to person or property.

(b) The Board of Aldermen may, by special permit, authorize any responsible person, group, or association, to conduct shooting matches, contests or exhibitions with weapons or other missile discharging instrumentalities in the City when satisfied that the safety and peace of the citizens of the City will not be disturbed.

§ 16-6 Hunting.

[R.O. 1985 § 16-6; Ord. No. 4744, § 1 (Exh. A), 4-25-2017]

(a) No person shall hunt any wild game, birds or animals with firearms, air guns, air rifles or bows and arrows within the City.

(b) It shall be prima facie evidence and proof of the violation of this Section if it is established that any person carrying firearms or air guns or air rifles and cartridges, bullets or missiles adapted thereto, whether such person is accompanied by hunting dogs or not, is found in any open fields, woods, lots or other places where wild game, birds or animals may reasonably be expected to be found.

§ 16-7 Discharge Of Firearms.

[R.O. 1985 § 16-7; Ord. No. 4744, § 1 (Exh. A), 4-25-2017]

No person, not a member of the Police Department, or on duty in a military corps acting under orders from the commander thereof, shall discharge any firearm in the City.

§ 16-8 Unlawful Transfer Of Weapons.

[R.O. 1985 § 16-8; Ord. No. 4744, § 1 (Exh. A), 4-25-2017]

(a) A person commits the offense of unlawful transfer of weapons if he or she:

(1) Knowingly sells, leases, loans, gives away or delivers a firearm or ammunition for a firearm to any person who, under the provisions of Section 571.070, RSMo., is not lawfully entitled to possess such;

(2) Knowingly sells, leases, loans, gives away or delivers a blackjack to a person less than eighteen (18) years old without the consent of the child's custodial parent or guardian, or recklessly, as defined in Section 562.016, RSMo., sells, leases, loans, gives away or delivers any firearm to a person less than eighteen (18) years old without the consent of the child's custodial parent or guardian; provided, that this does not prohibit the delivery of such weapons to any Peace Officer or member of the Armed Forces or National Guard while performing his or her official duty; or

(3) Recklessly, as defined in Section 562.016, RSMo., sells, leases, loans, gives away or delivers a firearm or ammunition for a firearm to a person who is intoxicated.

§ 16-9 Confiscation Of Firearms.

[R.O. 1985 § 16-9; Ord. No. 4744, § 1 (Exh. A), 4-25-2017]

(a) The Chief of Police and Police Officers shall impound any firearm illegally discharged in the City and hold it subject to such orders as the municipal court may make with reference thereto.

(b) In lieu of any other penalty, the judge may order the firearm in question confiscated, in which event the Chief of Police shall sell the firearm so confiscated for the best price reasonably available and turn the proceeds of such sale into the City treasury, as in the case of other fines.

§ 16-10 Refrigerators; Closed Containers.

[R.O. 1985 § 16-10; Ord. No. 4744, § 1 (Exh. A), 4-25-2017]

Any person owning, maintaining or discarding any icebox, refrigerator, trunk or other receptacle, with a capacity in excess of one (1) cubic foot, having doors or drawers with automatic locks or locking latches, shall remove the doors or drawers or locks or latches unless such icebox, refrigerator, trunk or other receptacle is maintained or used in the actual living quarters of a private residence, or within the enclosed portion of commercial or industrial establishments. This Section shall apply to all such iceboxes, refrigerators, trunks and other receptacles on or in yards, enclosures, porches, sidewalks, areaways, attics, cellars, basements, garages, sheds, barns, stables, warehouses or other places accessible to children not under the supervision of adults.

§ 16-11 Disturbing The Peace.

[R.O. 1985 § 16-11; Ord. No. 4744, § 1 (Exh. A), 4-25-2017]

(a) A person commits the offense of peace disturbance if he or she:

(1) Unreasonably and knowingly disturbs or alarms another person or persons by:

a. Loud noise; or

b. Offensive language addressed in a face-to-face manner to a specific individual and uttered under circumstances which are likely to produce an immediate violent response from a reasonable recipient; or

c. Threatening to commit a felonious act against any person under circumstances which are likely to cause a reasonable person to fear that such threat may be carried out; or is on private property and threatens to commit an offense against any person and unreasonably and purposely causes alarm to another person or persons on the same premises thereby; or

d. Fighting; or

e. Creating a noxious or offensive odor.

(2) Is in a public place or on private property of another without consent and purposely causes inconvenience to another person or persons by unreasonably and physically obstructing:

a. Vehicular or pedestrian traffic; or

b. The free ingress or egress to or from a public or private place.

§ 16-12 (Reserved) [1]

[1] Editor's Note: Former § 16-12, Disorderly conduct; begging, which derived from Ord. No. 4744, § 1 (Exh. A), 4-25-2017, was repealed 11-9-2021 by Ord. No. 5197.

§ 16-13 Unlawful Assemblies; Refusal To Disperse.

[R.O. 1985 § 16-13; Ord. No. 4744, § 1 (Exh. A), 4-25-2017]

(a) A person commits the offense of unlawful assembly if he or she knowingly assembles with six (6) or more other persons and agrees with such persons to violate any of the criminal laws of this State or of the United States with force or violence.

(b) A person commits the offense of refusal to disperse if, being present at the scene of an unlawful assembly, or at the scene of a riot, he or she knowingly fails or refuses to obey the lawful command of a Law Enforcement Officer to depart from the scene of such unlawful assembly or riot.

§ 16-14 Rioting.

[R.O. 1985 § 16-14; Ord. No. 4744, § 1 (Exh. A), 4-25-2017]

A person commits the offense of rioting if he/she knowingly assembles with six (6) or more other persons and agrees with such persons to violate any of the criminal laws of this State or of the United States with force or violence and thereafter, while still so assembled, does violate any of said laws with force or violence.

§ 16-15 (Reserved) [1]

[1] Editor's Note: Former § 16-15, Loitering, which derived from Ord. No. 4744, § 1 (Exh. A), 4-25-2017, was repealed 11-9-2021 by Ord. No. 5197.

§ 16-16 Disturbing Religious Worship.

[R.O. 1985 § 16-16; Ord. No. 4744, § 1 (Exh. A), 4-25-2017]

(a) A person commits the offense of disrupting a house of worship if such person:

(1) Intentionally and unreasonably disturbs, interrupts, or disquiets any house of worship by using profane discourse, rude or indecent behavior, or making noise either within the house of worship or so near it as to disturb the order and solemnity of the worship services; or

(2) Intentionally injures, intimidates, or interferes with or attempts to injure, intimidate, or interfere with any person lawfully exercising the right of religious freedom in or outside of a house of worship or seeking access to a house of worship, whether by force, threat, or physical obstruction.

§ 16-17 Disturbing Lawful Assembly.

[R.O. 1985 § 16-17; Ord. No. 4744, § 1 (Exh. A), 4-25-2017]

No person shall disturb any lawful assembly of people by rude and indecent behavior, or be found loitering at the corners of the streets, or in the vicinity of any place of amusement, restaurant or hotel, or thoroughfare, and refuse to disperse or vacate such place when requested to do so by a Police Officer.

§ 16-18 Noise.

[R.O. 1985 § 16-18; Ord. No. 4744, § 1 (Exh. A), 4-25-2017]

(a) Prohibited. Subject to the provisions of this Section, the creation, or permission upon premises owned or occupied by any person, of any unreasonably loud, unusual, disturbing or unnecessary noise in the City is hereby prohibited. In addition to the owners or occupiers of said premises, the manager and/or persons in charge of said premises shall be guilty of violation of this Section if any noise prohibited herein is permitted.

(b) Noises Enumerated. The following acts, among others, are declared to be loud, unusual, disturbing and unnecessary noises in violation of this Chapter, but said enumeration shall not be deemed to be exclusive, namely:

(1) The crying or hawking of newspapers or goods, wares and merchandise between the hours of 9:00 p.m. and 8:00 a.m.;

(2) The playing of any orchestra, radio, phonograph, amplifiers or musical instrument or instruments, or singing upon any premises while used for a commercial open air garden, outdoor restaurant, PD-R District or other business conducted in the open air where the boundaries of such premises are located within five hundred (500) feet of any residence or building used or occupied for private family residential purposes between the hours of 10:00 p.m. and 8:00 a.m.;

(3) The erection, excavation, demolition, alteration, or repair of any building or structure other than between the hours of 7:00 a.m. and 7:00 p.m. Monday through Saturday, unless extended hours are granted by the Director of Public Works;

[Amended 8-23-2022 by Ord. No. 5288]

(4) The use of sound trucks, calliopes, mechanical loud speakers or amplifiers on any vehicle used for advertising or other purposes except when a permit for such use over a specified route is issued by the Mayor, and except within the time and subject to the regulations specified in said permit;

(5) The playing in the open air of tennis, badminton, horseshoes, baseball or other outdoor game within one hundred (100) feet of any residence or building used or occupied for private family residential purposes between the hours of 12:00 midnight and 8:00 a.m.;

(6) The sounding of any horn or other signal device on any street by a motor bus, motorcycle, truck, automobile or other vehicle for an unnecessary or unreasonable period of time;

(7) The use of any loud speaker, drum or other device or instrument for the purpose of attracting attention to a place of business or other premises or to advertise any business;

(8) The playing of any radio, phonograph, amplifiers or musical instruments in such manner or with such volume, particularly between the hours of 10:00 p.m. and 8:00 a.m., as to tend to annoy or disturb the quiet or repose of persons in any dwelling, hotel, motel or other type of residence, provided that such noise can be distinctly heard at a distance of more than fifty (50) feet from its source shall be deemed excessive. Except organized groups may obtain a permit from the City Administrator to extend said time between 10:00 p.m. and 8:00 a.m. to 12:00 midnight and 8:00 a.m.;

(9) The creation of any excessive or unnecessary noise within one hundred fifty (150) feet of any portion of grounds and premises on which is located a hospital or other institution reserved for the sick, or any church or school or other institution of learning or court or other public buildings, library and the like, while the same are open or in session which unreasonably interferes with the proper functioning of any such place above-mentioned; provided conspicuous signs are placed in the public highways indicating quiet zones within which such noises are prohibited. In case of emergency or urgent necessity, a permit may be issued by the Mayor for such noises within such zones for limited periods during the existence of such emergency.

(10) The use of power tools or power equipment for lawn, tree, or vegetation care, maintenance, or installation, other than between the hours of 7:00 a.m. and thirty (30) minutes after sunset.

[Added 8-23-2022 by Ord. No. 5288]

§ 16-19 Sounding Of Railroad Whistles And Horns.

[R.O. 1985 § 16-19; Ord. No. 4744, § 1 (Exh. A), 4-25-2017]

No person operating a railroad engine shall sound the engine whistle or horn in approaching or crossing a public street or highway, public alley or public sidewalk within the City, except in an emergency, when the operator of the engine deems it necessary to sound such whistle or horn to prevent an accident at such crossing.

§ 16-20 Music In Streets.

[R.O. 1985 § 16-20; Ord. No. 4744, § 1 (Exh. A), 4-25-2017; Ord. No. 5353, 3-28-2023]

It shall not be lawful for any military company or any procession, or any body of persons accompanied by martial music to march or pass through, or for any person to play on any musical instrument in any of the streets of the City within one (1) block of any house of worship on Sunday during the hours of worship. Nor shall it be lawful for any band of music to play in the streets for any procession with advertising devices or to move on the streets without a permit from the Chief of Police as provided under Section 14-17 of this Code. A military company, organized under the laws of the State, may parade with a band of music on any day except Sunday without a permit.

§ 16-21 Crowd Attractions.

[R.O. 1985 § 16-21; Ord. No. 4744, § 1 (Exh. A), 4-25-2017; Ord. No. 5353, 3-28-2023]

(a) If any business or commercial establishment, or group of businesses or merchants, or their agents or persons acting for them, propose to conduct any display, show, contest, exhibition, or other activity or event calculated to produce any unusual congestion of traffic or gathering of persons or both, such person or persons shall give notice thereof to the Chief of Police at least five (5) days before such event and apply for a permit to hold or conduct the same. An application for a special activity permit under this Section shall be made on forms prescribed by the City Clerk and shall be available at City Hall. The application for permit shall explain the nature of the affair in writing, giving particulars as to location and time. The City Clerk shall establish a fee payable by applicants for reviewing and processing permits under this Section.

(b) The Chief of Police is hereby authorized to make such reasonable requirements in connection with the holding or conducting of such affairs, with respect to the entrance and exit of vehicles and pedestrians, the parking of cars, the maintenance of open traffic lanes and gathering of crowds as may be necessary to prevent undue traffic congestion, protect persons and property from injury or damage and maintain passageway for police and fire and other emergency vehicles.

(c) The Chief of Police may, if he or she deems it necessary, in writing, state the terms and conditions upon which the permit is issued, and if necessary for the protection of the public may, as a condition for such permit, require the applicant to provide personnel who shall act under the direction of the police to direct traffic and control the assemblage of persons. If the activity involves the use of fireworks, a permit shall be obtained from the Crestwood Fire Marshal in accordance with Section 9-39 of this Code. If the activity involves the use of aircraft, fireworks, missiles, racing of motor vehicles or other dangerous instrumentalities or animals, applicant shall provide as a condition for such permit, evidence of the existence of public liability insurance with limits not less than one hundred thousand/three hundred thousand dollars ($100,000/$300,000).

(d) The Chief of Police may waive requirement for a written application for a permit and, if he/she deems it unnecessary, he/she may in his/her discretion establish such special reasonable rules for the handling of traffic and assemblages of persons as may be best calculated to protect the public.

(e) An applicant may appeal the denial or conditional approval of a permit application by the Chief of Police in the manner set forth in Subsection (f) of Section 14-17 of this Code.

§ 16-22 Harassment.

[R.O. 1985 § 16-22; Ord. No. 4744, § 1 (Exh. A), 4-25-2017]

A person commits the offense of harassment if he or she, without good cause, engages in any act with the purpose to cause emotional distress to another person.

§ 16-23 (Reserved) [1]

[1] Editor's Note: Former § 16-23, Vagrancy, which derived from Ord. No. 4744, § 1 (Exh. A), 4-25-2017, was repealed 11-9-2021 by Ord. No. 5197.

§ 16-24 Obedience To Subpoena.

[R.O. 1985 § 16-24; Ord. No. 4744, § 1 (Exh. A), 4-25-2017]

Every person who shall have been personally served with a subpoena issued by any board or officer of the City having the power and authority to issue such subpoena, commanding the attendance of such person or the production of any books, papers or documents, shall, unless he or she has reasonable and legal excuse, produce the books, papers and documents therein specified and testify fully as to his or her knowledge concerning the matters and things then being lawfully investigated by such board or officer.

§ 16-25 Resisting, Interfering With Or Impersonating An Officer; Failure To Comply.

[R.O. 1985 § 16-25; Ord. No. 4744, § 1 (Exh. A), 4-25-2017]

(a) A person commits the offense of resisting or interfering with arrest, detention, or stop if he or she knows or reasonably should know that a Law Enforcement Officer is making an arrest or attempting to lawfully detain or stop an individual or vehicle, and for the purpose of preventing the officer from effecting the arrest, stop or detention, he or she:

(1) Resists the arrest, stop or detention of such person by using or threatening the use of violence or physical force or by fleeing from such officer; or

(2) Interferes with the arrest, stop or detention of another person by using or threatening the use of violence, physical force or physical interference.

(b) This Section applies to:

(1) Arrests, stops, or detentions, with or without warrants;

(2) Arrests, stops, or detentions, for any offense, infraction, or ordinance violation; and

(3) Arrests for warrants issued by a court or a Probation and Parole Officer.

(c) A person is presumed to be fleeing a vehicle stop if he or she continues to operate a motor vehicle after he or she has seen or should have seen clearly visible emergency lights or has heard or should have heard an audible signal emanating from the law enforcement vehicle pursuing him or her. It is no defense to a prosecution pursuant to this Section that the Law Enforcement Officer was acting unlawfully in making the arrest. However, nothing in this Section shall be construed to bar civil suits for unlawful arrest.

(d) A person commits the offense of false impersonation if such person:

(1) Falsely represents himself or herself to be a public servant with the purpose to induce another to submit to his or her pretended official authority or to rely upon his or her pretended official acts, and:

a. Performs an act in that pretended capacity; or

b. Causes another to act in reliance upon his or her pretended official authority;

(2) Falsely represents himself or herself to be a person licensed to practice or engage in any profession for which a license is required by the laws of this State with purpose to induce another to rely upon such representation, and:

a. Performs an act in that pretended capacity; or

b. Causes another to act in reliance upon such representation; or

(3) Upon being arrested, falsely represents himself or herself, to a Law Enforcement Officer, with the first and last name, date of birth, or Social Security number, or a substantial number of identifying factors or characteristics as that of another person that results in the filing of a report or record of arrest or conviction for an infraction or offense that contains the first and last name, date of birth, and Social Security number, or a substantial number of identifying factors or characteristics to that of such other person as to cause such other person to be identified as the actual person arrested or convicted.

(e) A person commits the offense of interfering with the duties of an officer if such person interferes with or obstructs any Law Enforcement Officer within the City in the performance of such officer's duties.

[Added 11-9-2021 by Ord. No. 5197]

(f) A person commits the offense of failure to comply if such person knowingly fails or refuses to comply with any reasonable signal or direction of a Law Enforcement Officer given in directing the movement of vehicular traffic, or enforcing against any offense or infraction, or otherwise properly discharging his/her duties.

[Added 6-28-2022 by Ord. No. 5273]

§ 16-26 Driving Over Lawn.

[R.O. 1985 § 16-26; Ord. No. 4744, § 1 (Exh. A), 4-25-2017]

No person shall drive a motor vehicle over the lawn of any property holder in the City without the property holder's consent. Whenever the identity of the operator of a motor vehicle which has violated this Section cannot be determined, the owner, or person in whose name such vehicle is registered, shall be held prima facie responsible for such violation.

§ 16-27 False Reports.

[R.O. 1985 § 16-27; Ord. No. 4744, § 1 (Exh. A), 4-25-2017]

(a) A person commits the offense of making a false report if he or she knowingly:

(1) Gives false information to any person for the purpose of implicating another person in an offense; or

(2) Makes a false report to a Law Enforcement Officer that an offense has occurred or is about to occur; or

(3) Makes a false report or causes a false report to be made to a Law Enforcement Officer, security officer, Fire Department or other organization, official or volunteer, which deals with emergencies involving danger to life or property that a fire or other incident calling for an emergency response has occurred or is about to occur.

(b) It is a defense to a prosecution under Subsection (a)(1) of this Section that the person retracted the false statement or report before the Law Enforcement Officer or any other person took substantial action in reliance thereon. The defendant shall have the burden of injecting the issue of retraction.

§ 16-28 Trespassing On Or Damaging Property.

[R.O. 1985 § 16-28; Ord. No. 4744, § 1 (Exh. A), 4-25-2017; Ord. No. 5594, 10-14-2025]

(a) A person commits the offense of trespass in the first degree if he or she knowingly enters unlawfully or knowingly remains unlawfully in a building or inhabitable structure or upon real property. A person does not commit the offense of trespass in the first degree by entering or remaining upon real property unless the real property is fenced or otherwise enclosed in a manner designed to exclude intruders or as to which notice against trespass is given by:

(1) Actual communication to the actor; or

(2) Posting in a manner reasonably likely to come to the attention of intruders.

(b) A person commits trespass in the second degree if he or she enters unlawfully upon real property of another. This is an offense of absolute liability.

(c) Public Property. It shall be unlawful for any person to intentionally or willfully damage any property belonging to the City or, without permission, enter upon any public park or building belonging to the City or remain upon the premises, park land or building of this City after being requested to leave by a person with authority over such place.

(d) Damaging Property. A person commits the offense of property damage if he or she:

(1) Knowingly damages property of another; or

(2) Damages property for the purpose of defrauding an insurer.

(e) Reward; Reporting Damaged Public Property. A standing reward of five hundred dollars ($500) is hereby offered to all members of the public, except officials and Police Officers of the City, for information leading to the arrest and conviction of any person destroying or defacing City property. If two (2) or more persons furnish information pertaining to the same offense, or series of offenses, the Board of Aldermen shall determine which is entitled to the reward, or may order the reward divided among two (2) or more such persons, as in the judgment of the Board appears proper, and the decision of the Board in any event shall be final. Payment of rewards under this Section shall be by order of the Board of Aldermen. This reward may be ordered repaid as restitution by the Municipal Court of the City of Crestwood or the St. Louis County Circuit Court.

§ 16-29 (Reserved) [1]

[1] Editor's Note: Former § 16-29, Abandoned Vehicles, was removed from this Chapter and place in Chapter 14 by Ord. No. 5479, 9-10-2024. Prior history includes: R.O. 1985 § 16-29; Ord. No. 4744, § 1 (Exh. A), 4-25-2017. See now § 14-163.

§ 16-30 Tampering.

[R.O. 1985 § 16-30; Ord. No. 4744, § 1 (Exh. A), 4-25-2017]

(a) A person commits the offense of tampering if he or she:

[Ord. No. 5227, 1-11-2022]

(1) Tampers with property of another for the purpose of causing substantial inconvenience to that person or to another; or

(2) Unlawfully rides in or upon another's automobile, airplane, motorcycle, motorboat or other motor-propelled vehicle; or

(3) Tampers or makes connection with property of a utility; or

(4) Tampers with, or causes to be tampered with, any meter or other property of an electric, gas, steam or water utility, the effect of which tampering is either:

a. To prevent the proper measuring of electric, gas, steam or water service; or

b. To permit the diversion of any electric, gas, steam or water service.

(5) Enters a motor vehicle that he or she does not own or lease, without the owner's or lessee's permission for any illegitimate or unlawful purpose. For purposes of this Section, "enter" shall mean being physically present in or accessing a vehicle in a way that would lead a reasonable person to believe said conduct was in furtherance of a crime; or

(6) Tampers with the motor vehicle of another, with knowledge that he or she does not own such vehicle or have permission to enter such vehicle, for the purpose of attempting to steal the motor vehicle or its contents, the effect of which tampering includes:

a. The act of lifting door handles or otherwise trying the doors or locks; or

b. The act of attempting to open the trunk.

(b) In any prosecution under Subsection (a)(4) of this Section, proof that a meter or any other property of a utility has been tampered with, and the person or persons accused received the use or direct benefit of the electric, gas, steam or water service, with one (1) or more of the effects described in Subsection (a)(4) of this Section, shall be sufficient to support an inference which the trial court may submit to the trier of fact, from which the trier of fact may conclude that there has been a violation of such Subsection by the person or persons who use or receive the direct benefit of the electric, gas, steam or water service.

§ 16-31 Stealing.

[R.O. 1985 § 16-31; Ord. No. 4744, § 1 (Exh. A), 4-25-2017]

(a) A person commits the offense of stealing if he or she:

(1) Appropriates property or services of another with the purpose to deprive him or her thereof, either without his or her consent or by means of deceit or coercion;

(2) Attempts to appropriate anhydrous ammonia or liquid nitrogen of another with the purpose to deprive him or her thereof, either without his or her consent or by means of deceit or coercion; or

(3) For the purpose of depriving the owner of a lawful interest therein, receives, retains or disposes of property of another knowing that it has been stolen, or believing that it has been stolen.

§ 16-32 Prohibited Sleeping And Camping In Public.

[R.O. 1985 § 16-32; Added 11-9-2021 by Ord. No. 5197]

(a) It shall be unlawful to sleep or camp on any street, sidewalk, recreational trail, or other public place within City limits, except that camping shall be allowed by permit in such designated areas of parks approved by the Director of Parks and Recreation as provided in Section 17-14 of this Code.

(b) No person will be subject to any penalty, citation or arrest for violation of this Section if there is no adequate shelter space available in St. Louis County.

(c) Law Enforcement Officers shall, prior to issuing any citation or making an arrest for violation of this Section, request a person sleeping or camping in a place prohibited by this Section to relocate or seek shelter. Law enforcement officers may, upon request by such person, and depending on the availability of resources at the time of contact, transport such individual to a shelter, treatment center, or other appropriate facility. Nothing in this Section shall be construed to limit the ability of Law Enforcement Officers to issue citations or make arrests for violations of other Sections of this Chapter, to take custody of an incapacitated or intoxicated person pursuant to Section 67.315, RSMo., or to seek mental health treatment for an individual pursuant to Sections 632.300 et seq., RSMo.

§ 16-33 Posting Bills On Poles.

[R.O. 1985 § 24-37; Ord. No. 23, § 24, 12-27-1949; Code 1965, § 9.18]

It shall be unlawful for any person to place any advertisement, bill, sign, poster or device on any public property, or on any private property, without having first obtained written permission of the owner of the private property therefor. This shall not apply to any notice required by law or ordinance to be posted, or to any official notice by public officers.

§ 16-34 Passing Bad Checks.

[R.O. 1985 § 16-34; Ord. No. 4744, § 1 (Exh. A), 4-25-2017]

(a) A person commits the offense of passing a bad check when he/she:

(1) With the purpose to defraud, makes, issues or passes a check or other similar sight order or any other form of presentment involving the transmission of account information for the payment of money, knowing that it will not be paid by the drawee, or that there is no such drawee; or

(2) Makes, issues, or passes a check or other similar sight order or any other form of presentment involving the transmission of account information for the payment of money, knowing that there are insufficient funds in or on deposit with that account for the payment of such check, sight order, or other form of presentment involving the transmission of account information in full and all other checks, sight orders, or other forms of presentment involving the transmission of account information upon such funds then outstanding, or that there is no such account or no drawee and fails to pay the check or sight order or other form of presentment involving the transmission of account information within ten (10) days after receiving actual notice in writing that it has not been paid because of insufficient funds or credit with the drawee or because there is no such drawee.

(3) As used in Subsection (b) of this Section, "actual notice in writing" means notice of the nonpayment which is actually received by the defendant. Such notice may include the service of summons or warrant upon the defendant for the initiation of the prosecution of the check or checks which are the subject matter of the prosecution if the summons or warrant contains information of the ten-day period during which the instrument may be paid and that payment of the instrument within such ten-day period will result in dismissal of the charges. The requirement of notice shall also be satisfied for written communications which are tendered to the defendant and which the defendant refuses to accept.

§ 16-35 Handbill Distribution.

[R.O. 1985 § 16-35; Ord. No. 4744, § 1 (Exh. A), 4-25-2017]

No dodgers or handbills shall be distributed in the City except by exposing on counters or tables in stores or other business places or unless delivered in hand to persons on private premises or securely fixed at a doorway so as to avoid being blown about, if delivered from door to door, and none shall be passed out to groups or passerby on any street, sidewalk, alley or public place or in such proximity thereto that they are discarded in numbers thereon, and none shall be cast on lawns, yards, steps, driveways or walks on private property, so that they may be blown about or create an unsightly appearance. This shall not prohibit the distribution of sample ballots and campaign literature at or near polling places during elections.

§ 16-35.1 Deposit Of Newspapers.

[R.O. 1985 § 16-35.1; Ord. No. 4744, § 1 (Exh. A), 4-25-2017]

(a) It shall be unlawful for any person to deposit or cause to be deposited any newspaper not subscribed for or requested, on any property within the City; provided, that the owner or occupant of such property shall have given written notice to the publisher or distributor of such newspaper, of such owner's or occupant's refusal to permit delivery of such newspaper.

(b) Such notice shall be delivered to the publisher or distributor of the newspaper at the address indicated in such newspaper by personal delivery or by U.S. Mail, postage prepaid. A copy of such notice shall be delivered to the Chief of Police of the City.

(c) Any person violating the provisions of this Section shall, upon conviction thereof, be subject to penalties provided for violation of City ordinances.

§ 16-36 Burglar Tools.

[R.O. 1985 § 16-36; Ord. No. 4744, § 1 (Exh. A), 4-25-2017]

No person shall make, mend, design or set up, or have in his custody or concealed about his or her person, any tool, false key, lock pick, bit, nippers, fuse, force screw, punch, drill, jimmy or any material, implement, instrument or other mechanical device adapted, designed or commonly used for breaking into any vault, safe, warehouse, motor vehicle, store, shop, office, dwelling house or door, window or shutter of any building.

§ 16-37 Dance Halls, Etc.; Closing Hours.

[R.O. 1985 § 16-37; Ord. No. 4744, § 1 (Exh. A), 4-25-2017]

It shall be unlawful for the owner, manager or person in charge of any public dance hall or pavilion, bowling alley or skating rink to permit same to remain open after 1:00 a.m. on any night.

§ 16-38 Sexual Misconduct/Indecency.

[R.O. 1985 § 16-38; Ord. No. 4744, § 1 (Exh. A), 4-25-2017; amended 11-9-2021 by Ord. No. 5197]

(a) A person commits the offense of sexual misconduct if such person:

(1) Exposes their genitals under circumstances in which they know that their conduct is likely to cause affront or alarm;

(2) Has sexual contact in the presence of a third person or persons under circumstances in which they know that such conduct is likely to cause affront or alarm;

(3) Has sexual intercourse or deviate sexual intercourse in a public place in the presence of a third person; or

(4) Solicits or requests another person to engage in sexual conduct under circumstances in which he or she knows that such request or solicitation is likely to cause affront or alarm.

(b) No person shall engage in or commit any act of indecent exposure or conduct in any place open to public view. "Indecent exposure or conduct" shall include the exposure of the male or female genitals, pubic area, or the female breast with less than a fully opaque covering of any part of the areola and nipple, or the showing of the covered male genitals in a discernibly turgid state. "Indecent exposure or conduct" shall not include adult entertainment conducted in accordance with Article II, Division 6, Chapter 13 of this Code. This Section shall not regulate nudity when the conduct of being nude cannot constitutionally be prohibited by this Section because it is otherwise protected by the United States Constitution or Missouri Constitution. This Section shall not apply to any person under twelve (12) years of age.

(c) Notwithstanding any provision of law to the contrary, a mother does not violate this Section if she is breast-feeding her child or expressing breast milk in any public or private location where the mother is otherwise authorized to be, as provided by Section 191.918, RSMo.

§ 16-39 Prostitution, Lewdness And Moral Perversion.

[R.O. 1985 § 16-39; Ord. No. 4744, § 1 (Exh. A), 4-25-2017]

(a) A person commits the offense of prostitution if he or she engages in or offers or agrees to engage in sexual conduct with another person in return for something of value to be received by any person.

(b) A person commits the offense of patronizing prostitution if he or she:

(1) Pursuant to a prior understanding, gives something of value to another person as compensation for having engaged in sexual conduct with any person; or

(2) Gives or agrees to give something of value to another person with the understanding that such person or another person will engage in sexual conduct with any person; or

(3) Solicits or requests another person to engage in sexual conduct with any person in return for something of value.

(c) No courtesan, prostitute or bawd shall engage in singing or dancing in any place selling alcoholic beverages or in a public place or public resort or act as a waiter or bartender.

§ 16-40 Curfew For Minors.

[R.O. 1985 § 16-40; Ord. No. 4744, § 1 (Exh. A), 4-25-2017]

(a) Violation By Minor. It shall be unlawful for any minor under the age of seventeen (17) years to be in or upon any public place within the City between the hours of 11:00 p.m. and 6:00 a.m. of the following day, official City time, except on Fridays and Saturdays, when the hours shall be 12:00 midnight to 6:00 a.m.

(b) Parents' Responsibility. It shall be unlawful for the parent, guardian or other adult person having the care and custody of a minor under the age of seventeen (17) years to knowingly permit such minor to violate this Section.

(c) Exceptions. The provisions of this Section shall not apply when the minor is accompanied by his or her parent, guardian or other adult person having the care and custody of the minor, or where the minor is upon an emergency errand or legitimate business directed by his or her parent, guardian or other adult person having the care and custody of the minor.

(d) Warning, Repeated Violation. Any Police Officer finding a minor violating the provisions of this Section shall warn the child to desist immediately from such violation and shall promptly report the violation to his or her superior officer, who shall cause a written notice to be served upon the parent, guardian or person in charge of such child, setting forth the manner in which this Section has been violated. Any parent, guardian or person in charge of such child who shall knowingly permit such child again to violate the provisions of this Section after receiving notice of the first violation shall be subject to the penalty provided for violation of this Code.

§ 16-41 Prostitution Houses Declared Public Nuisances.

[R.O. 1985 § 16-41; Ord. No. 5164, 6-22-2021]

(a) Any room, building or other structure regularly used for any prostitution activities prohibited by this Code is a public nuisance.

(b) The City Attorney may, in addition to all criminal sanctions, prosecute a suit in equity to enjoin the nuisance. If the court finds that the owner of the room, building or structure knew or had reason to believe that the premises were being used regularly for prostitution activity, the court may order that the premises shall not be occupied or used for such period as the court may determine, not to exceed one (1) year.

(c) All persons, including owners, lessees, officers, agents, inmates or employees, aiding or facilitating such a nuisance may be made defendants in any suit to enjoin the nuisance, and they may be enjoined from engaging in any prostitution activity anywhere within the jurisdiction of the court.

(d) Appeals shall be allowed from the judgment of the court as in other civil actions.

§ 16-42 Riot Curfew.

[R.O. 1985 § 16-42; Ord. No. 4744, § 1 (Exh. A), 4-25-2017]

(a) In the event of any unlawful riotous assembly in the City, the Mayor or acting Mayor may issue a proclamation putting into effect a curfew applying to all persons excepting City officials and Law Enforcement Officers requiring them to remain in their places of abode for a period of not more than three (3) days during the hours between one-half hour after sunset and 5:00 a.m. the next day.

(b) It shall be unlawful for any parent or guardian and others having custody of any minors to permit such minors to violate any curfew proclaimed and ordered by the Mayor or acting Mayor under the provisions of this Section.

§ 16-43 Violation Of Riot Proclamation.

[R.O. 1985 § 16-43; Ord. No. 4744, § 1 (Exh. A), 4-25-2017]

It shall be unlawful for any person in the City to violate the orders of the Mayor included in any proclamation pertaining to unlawful and riotous assemblies under State law, and ordinances of the City pertaining to the same subject. Any person violating such proclamation shall be prosecuted by complaint or information as in the case of violation of City ordinances.

§ 16-44 Violation Of Riot Orders.

[R.O. 1985 § 16-44; Ord. No. 4744, § 1 (Exh. A), 4-25-2017]

All persons engaged in any unlawful riotous assembly who shall fail to obey any lawful command given by a Peace Officer or any of the officers described in Section 542.170, RSMo., pertaining to unlawful, riotous assemblies, shall be deemed guilty of an offense.

§ 16-45 Contributing To Delinquency Of Minors.

[R.O. 1985 § 16-45; Ord. No. 4744, § 1 (Exh. A), 4-25-2017]

Any person who encourages, aids or causes a child under eighteen (18) years of age to commit any act or engage in any conduct which would be injurious to the child's morals or health or who commits any act or omits the performance of any duty which contributes to, causes or tends to cause a child under the age of eighteen (18) years to come within the provisions of Subdivision 1 or 2 of Section 211.031, RSMo., is guilty of an offense.

§ 16-46 Parental Neglect.

[R.O. 1985 § 16-46; Ord. No. 4744, § 1 (Exh. A), 4-25-2017]

(a) For the purpose of this Section, the following words and phrases are defined as follows:

CRIMINAL ACT

An act which violates the statutes of the United States, the Statutes of the State of Missouri or the ordinances of the City of Crestwood, including, but not limited to, moving traffic violations, juvenile delinquency, vandalism and malicious mischief.

MINORS

Any person under the age of eighteen (18) years.

PARENT

Mother, father, legal guardian or any person having the care or custody of a minor.

(b) No parent shall knowingly permit, encourage, aid or cause a minor to commit a criminal act as defined herein or engage in any conduct which would be injurious to the minor's morals or health.

(c) No parent shall fail to exercise sufficient and effective care, vigilance, discipline and control over a minor so as to contribute to, cause or tend to cause a minor to commit a criminal act, as defined herein.

§ 16-47 Molesting A Minor.

[R.O. 1985 § 16-47; Ord. No. 4744, § 1 (Exh. A), 4-25-2017]

No person in the presence of any minor shall indulge in any degrading, lewd, immoral or vicious habits or practices; or take indecent or improper liberties with such minor; or publicly expose his or her person to such minor in an obscene or indecent manner; or by language, sign or touching such minor, suggest or refer to any immoral, lewd, lascivious or indecent act, or shall detain or divert such minor with intent to perpetrate any of the aforesaid acts.

§ 16-48 Obscene Material; Minors.

[R.O. 1985 § 16-48; Ord. No. 4744, § 1 (Exh. A), 4-25-2017]

(a) No person shall sell, lend, give away, show or have in his or her possession with intent to sell or give away, or to show, or advertise, or otherwise offer for loan, gift, or distribution to any minor child, any book, pamphlet, magazine, newspaper, story paper or other printed paper devoted to the publication, or principally made up of criminal news, police reports or accounts of criminal deeds, or pictures and stories of deeds of bloodshed, lust or crime, or devoted to lewd, lascivious or obscene writings, stories, narratives or pictures or both, or exhibit upon any street, or in any other place within the view or which may be within the view of any minor child, any book, magazine, pamphlet, newspaper, story paper or other paper or publication coming within the description of matters mentioned in this Section, or hire, use or employ any minor child to sell or give away, or in any manner to distribute or, having the case, custody or control of any minor child, permit such child to sell, give away or in any manner to distribute, any book, magazine, pamphlet, newspaper, story paper or other paper or publication coming within the description of matters mentioned in this Section.

(b) In order to sustain a conviction under this Section, it shall be essential that the City or other complainant allege in the complaint or information and prove that the defendant had knowledge of the contents of the media falling within the prohibitory provisions of this Section, at the time of the alleged violation of this Section.

§ 16-49 Waste Materials; Nuisance.

[R.O. 1985 § 16-49; Ord. No. 4744, § 1 (Exh. A), 4-25-2017]

(a) For the purpose of this Section, the term "refuse" is any solid or liquid waste material, including, but not by way of limitation, putrescible animal and vegetable waste, metal, junk, wood, paper, chemical matter, plastics, cloth or other waste or discarded items.

(b) The throwing, dropping, depositing or placing of refuse or debris in or upon any street, public or private, or any other public place or park, or any other private property, whether owned by such person or not, by any person in such a manner and extent as to thereby render the same unsightly, unclean or unsafe is declared to be a nuisance.

(c) The throwing, dropping, depositing or placing of refuse or debris in any pond, lake, stream, creek, surface water drainage ditch or watercourse, any part of a stormwater system or any other body of water by any person in such a manner and extent as to thereby render the same unsightly, unclean or unsafe is declared to be a nuisance.

(d) This Section shall not be construed so as to prohibit a property owner from protecting his property against erosion, so long as there is no danger of the materials used blocking, impeding or constructing the flow of the watercourse.

§ 16-50 Repairing Or Dismantling Vehicles.

[R.O. 1985 § 16-50; Ord. No. 4744, § 1 (Exh. A), 4-25-2017]

(a) As used in this Section, the following words and terms shall be defined as set out herein:

MINOR REPAIRS

Repairs such as: changing oil; changing spark plugs; changing, repairing or switching tires; changing the air filter or oil filter; or adjusting brakes.

SUBSTANTIAL REPAIRS

All repairs other than minor repairs.

(b) No dismantling or repairing vehicle on public streets, unless owner or resident of property.

(1) No person shall make substantial repairs to any vehicle or dismantle any vehicle upon a public street or upon private property within any residential district zoned "R-1," "R-2," "R-3," "R-4," "R-5" or "PD-R" unless said repairs or dismantling is conducted in an enclosed area, the interior of which cannot be viewed from any surrounding property.

(2) Any repairs or dismantling as authorized by Subsection (b)(1) above shall only be lawful if the owner of or person controlling the residential property is performing said repairs or dismantling a vehicle owned by a member of the household.

(c) Nothing herein shall prohibit minor repairs to be performed on a vehicle owned by a member of the household on his or her property.

(d) Repair of vehicles for compensation is prohibited on property zoned residential.

(e) The repair of vehicles under this Section shall not create a nuisance by excess noise, early or late work between the hours of 10:00 p.m. and 7:00 a.m., or the accumulation of debris.

§ 16-51 Constructing Or Repairing Boats.

[R.O. 1985 § 16-51; Ord. No. 4744, § 1 (Exh. A), 4-25-2017]

(a) As used in this Section, the following words and terms shall be defined as set out herein:

BOAT

Watercraft of a size that requires a trailer for land transportation, and propelled by sail; inboard motor or engine; or outboard motor(s) too large to be hand-portable. Excluded from provisions of this Section are small craft propelled by oars, sculls, paddles or hand-portable outboard motors, such as canoes, kayaks, inflatable rafts and flat-bottomed fishing dinghies.

CONSTRUCTION

Complete assembly from basic materials and/or formed sections of a boat hull, thwarts, bulkheads, decking and, when required, masts and spars; equipping the finished shell with navigational apparatus, furnishings, motors, electrical system and communications devices; fitting sail on wind-propelled craft; and sanding and painting the completed boat.

MINOR REPAIRS

Repairs such as: tuning or repairing navigational apparatus, electrical system and communication devices; changing spark plugs in motors; replacing or charging batteries; changing oil and replacing air or oil filters in motors or engines; sanding and/or painting minor portions of hull, bulkheads, decking and masts; patching or repairing canvas sail, tarpaulins or hatch covers; repairing or replacing lines and polishing brightwork.

SUBSTANTIAL REPAIRS

Altering the design and/or arrangement of a completed boat, completed re-sanding and repainting, major repair or overhaul of inboard or outboard motors and a complete refitting of sail on wind-propelled craft.

(b) No person shall construct or make substantial repairs to a boat upon a public street or upon private property within any residential district zoned "R-1," R-2," "R-3," "R-4," "R-5" or "PD-R" unless said construction or repairs are conducted in an enclosed area, the interior of which cannot be viewed from any surrounding residential property.

(c) Construction or substantial repairs shall be lawful only if the owner of or person controlling the residential property is performing said construction or repairs on a boat owned by a member of his or her household.

(d) Nothing in this Section shall prohibit minor repairs to be performed on a boat by its owner on his or her property.

(e) Any construction or repair of boats allowed under this Section must not create a nuisance by either excessive noise, late work or accumulation of debris.

(f) Repair of boats for compensation is prohibited on property zoned residential.

(g) Minor repairs may only be done in areas where boats are permitted to parked or stored, as set forth in Section 14-175, Recreational Vehicle Parking.

§ 16-52 Fraudulent Use Of Charge Accounts, Credit Cards Or Devices.

[R.O. 1985 § 16-52; Ord. No. 4744, § 1 (Exh. A), 4-25-2017]

(a) A person commits the offense of fraudulent use of a credit device or debit device if he or she uses a credit device or debit device for the purpose of obtaining services or property, knowing that:

(1) The device is stolen, fictitious or forged; or

(2) The device has been revoked or cancelled; or

(3) For any other reason his or her use of the device is unauthorized; or

(4) Uses a credit device or debit device for the purpose of paying property taxes and knowingly cancels such charges or payment without just cause. It shall be prima facie evidence of a violation of this Section if a person cancels such charges or payment after obtaining a property tax receipt to obtain license tags from the Missouri Department of Revenue.

§ 16-53 Offenses Concerning Controlled Substances, Imitation Controlled Substances.

[R.O. 1985 § 16-53; Ord. No. 4744, § 1 (Exh. A), 4-25-2017]

(a) Definitions. The words and phrases as used in this Section shall have the same meanings as set forth in Section 195.010, RSMo., as amended, and such Section is hereby adopted in its entirety and incorporated as if set forth herein verbatim.

(b) Prohibited Acts.

(1) A person commits the offense of possession of a controlled substance, as defined in Section 195.010, RSMo., if he or she knowingly possesses a controlled substance, except as authorized by Chapter 579, RSMo., or Chapter 195, RSMo.

(2) A person commits the offense of possession of any synthetic cannabinoid, as defined in Section 195.010, RSMo., if he or she knowingly possesses any synthetic cannabinoid, except as authorized by Chapter 579 or Chapter 195, RSMo.

(3) It is unlawful for any person to deliver, possess with intent to deliver, or manufacture with intent to deliver, drug paraphernalia, knowing or under circumstances where one reasonably should know, that it will be used to plant, propagate, cultivate, grow, harvest, manufacture, compound, convert, produce, process, prepare, test, analyze, pack, repack, store, contain, conceal, inject, ingest, inhale or otherwise introduce into the human body a controlled substance or an imitation controlled substance in violation of this Section.

(4) It is unlawful for any person to place in any newspaper, magazine, handbill or other publication, any advertisement, knowing, or under circumstances where one reasonably should know, that the purpose of the advertisement, in whole or in part, is to promote the sale of objects designated, or intended, for use as drug paraphernalia.

(5) It is unlawful for any person to use or to knowingly possess an imitation controlled substance.

(6) It is unlawful for any person to deliver, possess with intent to deliver, manufacture with intent to deliver, or cause to be delivered any imitation controlled substance in violation of this Section.

(7) It is unlawful for any person to place in a newspaper, magazine, handbill or other publication, or to post or distribute in any public place, any advertisement or solicitation with reasonable knowledge that the purpose of the advertisement, or solicitation, is to promote the distribution of imitation controlled substances.

(c) User To Keep In Container In Which Obtained. A person to whom, or for whose use, any controlled substance has been prescribed, sold or dispensed by a physician, dentist, podiatrist or pharmacist, or other person authorized under the provisions of Section 195.050, RSMo., and the owner of any animal for which any such drug has been prescribed, sold or dispensed by a veterinarian, may lawfully possess it only in the container in which it was delivered to him/her by the person selling or dispensing the same.

(d) Places Used For Illegal Sale And Use — Nuisances. Any room, building, or structure which is used for the illegal use, keeping or selling of controlled substances shall be deemed a "public nuisance." No person shall keep or maintain such a public nuisance in violation of this Code.

§ 16-54 Drug Paraphernalia.

[R.O. 1985 § 16-54; Ord. No. 4744, § 1 (Exh. A), 4-25-2017]

(a) Definition. As used in this Section, the term "drug paraphernalia" means all equipment, products substances and materials of any kind which are used, intended for use or designed for use in planting, propagating, cultivating, growing, harvesting, manufacturing, compounding, converting, producing, processing, preparing, testing, analyzing, producing, preparing, storing, containing, concealing, injecting, ingesting, inhaling or otherwise introducing into the human body a controlled substance or an imitation controlled substance in violation of this Chapter or Chapters 195 or 579, RSMo. It includes but is not limited to:

(1) Kits used, intended for use or designed for use in planting, propagating, cultivating, growing or harvesting of any species of plant which is a controlled substance or from which a controlled substance can be derived;

(2) Kits used, intended for use or designed for use in manufacturing, compounding, converting, producing, processing or preparing controlled substances or imitation controlled substances;

(3) Isomerization devices used, intended for use or designed for use in increasing the potency of any species of plant which is a controlled substance or an imitation controlled substance;

(4) Testing equipment used, intended for use or designed for use in identifying or in analyzing the strength, effectiveness or purity of controlled substances or imitation controlled substances;

(5) Scales and balances used, intended for use or designed for use in weighing or measuring controlled substances or imitation controlled substances;

(6) Dilutents and adulterants, such as quinine hydrochloride, mannitol, mannite, dextrose and lactose used, intended for use or designed for use in cutting controlled substances or imitation controlled substances;

(7) Separation gins and sifters used, intended for use or designed for use in removing twigs and seeds from, or in otherwise cleaning or refining, marijuana;

(8) Blenders, bowls, containers, spoons and mixing devices used, intended for use or designed for use in compounding controlled substances or imitation controlled substances;

(9) Capsules, balloons, envelopes and other containers used, intended for use or designed for use in packaging small quantities of controlled substances or imitation controlled substances;

(10) Containers and other objects used, intended for use or designed for use in storing or concealing controlled substances or imitation controlled substances;

(11) Hypodermic syringes, needles and other objects used, intended for use or designed for use in parenterally injecting controlled substances or imitation controlled substances into the human body;

(12) Objects used, intended for use or designed for use in ingesting, inhaling or otherwise introducing marijuana, cocaine, hashish or hashish oil into the human body, such as:

a. Metal, wooden, acrylic, glass, stone, plastic or ceramic pipes with or without screens, permanent screens, hashish heads or punctured metal bowls;

b. Water pipes;

c. Carburetion tubes and devices;

d. Smoking and carburetion masks;

e. Roach clips: meaning objects used to hold burning material, such as a marijuana cigarette, that has become too small or too short to be held in the hand;

f. Miniature cocaine spoons, and cocaine vials;

g. Chamber pipes;

h. Carburetor pipes;

i. Electric pipes;

j. Air-driven pipes;

k. Chillums;

l. Bongs; or

m. Ice pipes or chillers.

(13) Substances used, intended for use, or designed for use in the manufacture of a controlled substance.

(b) Factors Used In Determination. In determining whether objects are drug paraphernalia, a court or other authority should consider, in addition to all other logically relevant factors, the following:

(1) Statements by an owner or by any person in control of the object concerning its use;

(2) Prior convictions, if any, of an owner or of any person in control of the object under any State or Federal law relating to any controlled substance;

(3) The proximity of the object, in time and space, to a direct violation of this Chapter or Chapter 195 or 579, RSMo.;

(4) The existence of any residue of controlled substances or imitation controlled substances on the object;

(5) Direct or circumstantial evidence of the intent of an owner, or of any person in control of the object, to deliver it to persons who he knows, or should reasonably know, intend to use the object to facilitate a violation of this Chapter or Chapter 195 or 579, RSMo.; the innocence of an owner, or of any person in control of the object, as to a direct violation of this Chapter or Chapter 195 or 579, RSMo. shall not prevent a finding that the object is intended for use, or designed for use, as drug paraphernalia;

(6) Instructions, oral or written, provided with the object concerning its use;

(7) Descriptive materials accompanying the object which explain or depict its use;

(8) National and local advertising concerning its use;

(9) The manner in which the object is displayed for sale;

(10) Whether the owner, or any person in control of the object, is a legitimate supplier of like or related items to the community, such as a licensed distributor or dealer of tobacco products;

(11) Direct or circumstantial evidence of the ratio of sales of the object or objects to the total sales of the business enterprise;

(12) The existence and scope of legitimate uses for the object in the community;

(13) Expert testimony concerning its use;

(14) The quantity, form or packaging of the product, substance or material in relation to the quantity, form or packaging associated with any legitimate use for the product, substance or material.

(c) Use; Possession. A person commits the offense of unlawful possession of drug paraphernalia if he or she knowingly uses, or possesses with intent to use, drug paraphernalia to plant, propagate, cultivate, grow, harvest, manufacture, compound, convert, produce, process, prepare, test, analyze, pack, repack, store, contain, conceal, inject, ingest, inhale, or otherwise introduce into the human body, a controlled substance or an imitation controlled substance in violation of this Chapter or Chapter 195 or 579, RSMo. Any person who violates this Subsection is guilty of an offense and shall be assessed a penalty in accordance with Section 1-6 of this Code.

(d) Sale; Delivery. It is unlawful for any person to deliver or sell, possess with intent to deliver or sell or manufacture with intent to deliver or sell drug paraphernalia, knowing, or under circumstances where one reasonably should know, that they will be used to plant, propagate, cultivate, grow, harvest, manufacture, compound, convert, produce, process, prepare, test, analyze, pack, repack, store, contain, conceal, inject, ingest, inhale or otherwise introduce into the human body a controlled substance or imitation controlled substance in violation of this Chapter or Chapter 195 or 579, RSMo. Any person who violates this Subsection is guilty of an offense and shall be assessed a penalty in accordance with Section 1-6 of this Code.

§ 16-55 Throwing Debris On Street.

[R.O. 1985 § 16-55; Ord. No. 4744, § 1 (Exh. A), 4-25-2017]

It shall be unlawful for any person to throw or place or cause to be thrown or placed on any street of the City any tacks, nails, wire, scrap metal, glass, crockery, sharp stones or other substances injurious to the feet of persons or animals or to the tires or wheels of vehicles. Any person who has purposely, accidentally or by reason of an accident dropped from his person or any vehicle any such substance upon the street, shall immediately make all reasonable efforts to clear such street of the same.

§ 16-56 Public Nuisances Generally.

[R.O. 1985 § 16-56; Ord. No. 4744, § 1 (Exh. A), 4-25-2017; amended 5-28-2019 by Ord. No. 4967]

(a) Public nuisances within the City are hereby designated as follows:

(1) Any act done or committed or suffered to be done or committed by any person, or any substance or thing kept or maintained, placed or thrown on or upon any public or private premises which is injurious to the public health, safety or welfare.

(2) All pursuits followed or acts done by any person to the hurt, injury, inconvenience or danger of the public.

(b) The above definitions shall include, but not by way of limitation, the following:

(1) Any pool of stagnant water standing on any premises.

(2) Repetitive emission of noise, odors, or fumes beyond the property owned or occupied by the party creating such condition.

(3) The accumulation of rubbish, litter, waste materials, or debris of any kind on property.

(4) The growth of weeds or grass of any type to a height in excess of seven (7) inches or more on any property.

(5) Leaking sanitary sewer laterals.

(6) Encroachments in any street, alley, sidewalk, parkway or other public place.

(7) Firewood that is not stacked five (5) inches or more off the ground at all times and/or not located behind the front of the building line of the property.

(8) Weed cuttings, cut, fallen, or hazardous trees and shrubs.

(9) Rocks, bricks, tin, steel, parts of derelict cars or trucks, broken furniture, and any flammable material which may endanger public safety.

(c) Weeds And Trash.

(1) Whenever weeds or trash are allowed to grow or accumulate on any part of any lot within the City, the owner(s) and/or the occupant(s) shall be liable. The Director of Public Works or his designee shall hold a hearing on the existence of a nuisance, with at least four (4) calendar days' notice given to the owner or occupant of the premises. Notice may be given either personally or by first class U.S. Mail to the owner or owners, or the owner's agents, or by posting such notice on the premises. The Public Works Director or his designee may order at said hearing the abatement of such nuisance within five (5) business days following such hearing.

(2) If weeds are allowed to grow in excess of seven (7) inches or more on a property more than once during the same growing season, or if trash is allowed to accumulate on the same property more than once during a calendar year, the Director of Public Works may order that the weeds or trash be abated within five (5) business days after notice is sent to or posted on the property. In case the weeds or trash are not removed within the five (5) business days, the Director of Public Works may have the weeds or trash removed, and the cost of the same shall be billed in the manner described in Subsection (e) of this Section.

(d) All Other Acts, Conditions Deemed Public Nuisances Herein. If one (1) or more violations of Subsections (a) or (b) exist on a property within the City, the owner(s) and/or the occupant(s) shall be liable. The Director of Public Works or his designee shall provide the owner(s) and/or the occupant(s) a written notice specifically describing each condition of the lot declared to be a public nuisance, and which notice shall identify what action will remedy the public nuisance. Unless a condition presents an immediate, specifically identified risk to the public health or safety, the notice shall provide a reasonable time, not less than ten (10) calendar days, in which to abate or commence removal of each condition identified in the notice. Written notice may be given by personal service or by first class U.S. Mail to both the occupant(s) of the property at the property address and the owner(s) at the last known address of the owner(s), if not the same. Upon a failure of the owner to pursue the removal or abatement of such nuisance without unnecessary delay, the Director of Public Services or designated officer may cause the condition which constitutes the nuisance to be removed or abated as provided in Subsection (e) of this Section.

(e) If the nuisance is not abated within the time provided by Subsection (c) for weeds or trash, or the time provided in Subsection (d) for all other nuisances, the Director of Public Works or his designee shall have the nuisance abated and shall certify the costs of same to the City Clerk. The City Clerk shall issue a special tax bill therefor against the property, which shall be a first lien on the property from the date of issuance until paid and shall be prima facie evidence of the recitals therein and of its validity. No clerical error or informality in such tax bill, or in the proceedings leading to its issuance, shall be a defense. Any such tax bill, if not paid when due, shall bear interest at the rate of eight percent (8%) per annum. A special tax bill issued hereunder shall be enforced in the manner provided by law for the enforcement of special tax bills. The tax bill from the date of its issuance shall be deemed a personal debt against the owner and shall also be a lien on the property from the date the tax bill is delinquent until paid. If the City files a lawsuit to enforce a special tax bill, the City may charge its costs of collecting the tax bill, including attorney fees, incurred in enforcing a special tax bill.

(f) In addition to the procedures herein authorized, any person violating the terms hereof shall, upon conviction, be subject to the penalties provided for violation of City ordinances.

(g) If a property is owned by a limited-liability company, the notices required by this Section may be served by, in addition to posting notice on the property, U.S. Mail upon the limited-liability company's registered agent, or, for foreign limited-liability companies with no registered agent in this State, or if such company's agent cannot be found or served with the exercise of reasonable diligence, by U.S. Mail to the Missouri Secretary of State in accordance with Section 347.153, RSMo.

§ 16-57 Indoor Clean Air Code.

[R.O. 1985 § 16-57; Ord. No. 4744, § 1 (Exh. A), 4-25-2017]

(a) Scope. In order to enhance the public health, safety and welfare of the residents of, visitors to, and those working in the City of Crestwood, the provisions of this Section shall apply throughout the City.

(b) Purpose. It is the purpose of this Section to promote the health, safety and welfare by decreasing exposure to secondhand smoke; and to create smoke-free environments for residents, workers, patrons and visitors to places of employment and all other public places within the City.

(c) Definitions. The following words, terms and phrases, when used in this Section, shall have the meanings ascribed to them in this Subsection, except where the context clearly indicates a different meaning:

BUSINESS

A sole proprietorship, partnership, joint venture, corporation, or other business entity, either for-profit or not-for-profit, including retail establishments, where goods or services are sold; professional corporations and other entities where legal, medical, dental, engineering, architectural, or other professional services are delivered, and private clubs.

CIGAR BAR

A business with a permit to sell alcoholic beverages that generates twenty-five percent (25%) or more of its quarterly gross revenue from the sale of cigars and/or rental of humidor space, has a humidor on the premises and does not allow minors to enter the premises.

DRINKING ESTABLISHMENT

Any business with a valid license issued by the St. Louis County Department of Revenue (pursuant to Chapter 801, Title VIII SLCRO 1974 as amended, "Alcoholic Beverages") to sell intoxicating liquor by the drink or to sell beer and light wine by the drink whose on-site sales of food for consumption on the premises comprises no more than twenty-percent (25%)of gross sales of food and both alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages on an annual basis.

EMPLOYEE

Any person who performs services for an employer, with or without compensation.

EMPLOYER

A person, partnership, association, corporation, trust or other organized group of individuals, including the City or any agency thereof, which utilizes the services of at least one (1) employee.

ENCLOSED or ENCLOSED AREA

A space bound by walls (with or without windows) continuous from the floor to the ceiling and enclosed by doors, including, but not limited to, offices, rooms, all space therein screened by partitions which do not extend to the ceiling or are not solid, "office landscaping" or similar structures and hallways.

PERMANENTLY DESIGNATED SMOKING ROOM

A hotel or motel room that may be designated as a smoking room, with such designation being changeable only one (1) time a year.

PLACE OF EMPLOYMENT

Any enclosed area under the control of a public or private employer which employees normally frequent during the course of employment, including, but not limited to work areas, employee lounges and restrooms, conference rooms and classrooms, employee cafeterias and hallways. A private residence is not a "place of employment" unless it is used as a child-care, adult day-care or health-care facility.

PRIVATE CLUB

A not-for-profit organization incorporated under the laws of the State of Missouri for fraternal or social purposes or for a congressionally chartered veterans' organization, which has a defined membership and restricts admission to members of the club and their guests. Private club shall not include an establishment that is generally open to members of the general public upon payment of a fee. A private club shall not be considered a "public place" except when it is the site of a meeting, event or activity that is open to the public.

PUBLIC PLACE

Any enclosed or other area to which the public is invited or in which the public is permitted, including, but not limited to, banks, educational facilities, reception areas, health facilities, laundering facilities, public transportation facilities, production and marketing establishments, retail service establishments, retail stores, theaters, and waiting rooms. A private residence is not a "public place" unless it is used as a child-care, adult day-care, or health-care facility.

RESTAURANT

An eating establishment, including, but not limited to, coffee shops, cafeterias, sandwich stands and private and public school cafeterias, which provides food to the public, guests or employees, as well as kitchens and catering facilities in which food is prepared on the premises for serving elsewhere. The term "restaurant" shall include a bar and lounge area within the restaurant.

SERVICE LINE

Any indoor or outdoor line at which one (1) or more persons are waiting for or receiving service of any kind, whether or not such service involves the exchange of money.

SHOPPING MALL

An enclosed public walkway or hall area that serves to connect retail or professional establishments.

SMOKING

Inhaling, exhaling, burning or carrying any lighted or heated cigar, cigarette, pipe or other tobacco product.

SPORTS ARENA

Sports pavilions, gymnasiums, health spas, boxing arenas, outdoor and indoor swimming pools, outdoor athletic fields, outdoor and indoor roller and ice skating rinks, bowling alleys and other similar places where members of the general public assemble either to engage in physical exercise, participate in athletic competition or witness sports events.

(d) Prohibition Of Smoking In Enclosed Places Of Employment And Other Public Places.

(1) It shall be unlawful for any person within an enclosed place of employment to possess lighted or heated smoking materials in any form, including, but not limited to, the possession of lighted or heated cigarettes, cigars, pipes or other tobacco products.

(2) It shall be unlawful for any person within an enclosed public place, or within any other places hereinafter specified, to possess lighted or heated smoking materials in any form, including, but not limited to, the possession of lighted or heated cigarettes, cigars, pipes or other tobacco products, including, but not limited to, the following places:

a. Elevators in public buildings;

b. Rest rooms in public buildings;

c. Libraries, educational facilities, child-care and adult day-care facilities, museums, auditoriums, aquariums and art galleries;

d. Any health-care facility, health clinic or ambulatory care facilities, including, but not limited to: laboratories associated with the rendition of health-care treatment, hospitals, nursing homes, doctors' offices and dentists' offices;

e. Any indoor place of entertainment or recreation, including, but not limited to, gymnasiums, theaters, concert halls, bingo halls, arenas and swimming pools;

f. Service lines;

g. Facilities primarily used for exhibiting a motion picture, stage, drama, lecture, musical recital or other similar performance;

h. Shopping malls or retail establishments;

i. Indoor and outdoor sports arenas;

j. Restaurants, including lounge and bar areas, except outdoor dining areas;

k. Convention facilities;

l. All indoor public areas and waiting rooms of public transportation facilities, including, but not limited to, bus and mass transportation facilities;

m. Any other area used by the public or serving as a place of employment;

n. Every room, chamber, place of meeting or public assembly, including school buildings under the control of any board, commission, committee, including, but not limited to, joint committees, or agencies of the City or any political subdivision of the State during such time as a public meeting is in progress, to the extent such place is subject to the jurisdiction of the City;

o. All enclosed areas owned by the City;

p. Rooms in which meetings or hearings open to the public are held, except where such rooms are in a private residence;

q. Sidewalks, driveways and other open areas within fifteen (15) feet of the entry to any building owned or occupied by any governmental entity, or within fifteen (15) feet of the entry to any building open to the public; provided, however, that this entryway prohibition shall not apply within outside dining areas where smoking is permitted or to entries that are located less than fifty (50) feet from another public entry.

(3) It shall be unlawful to dispose of smoking waste, or to place or maintain a receptacle for smoking waste, in an area in which smoking is prohibited under this Section.

(e) Responsibilities Of Proprietors, Owners And Managers.

(1) It shall be unlawful for any person having control of a place listed in this Section knowingly to permit, cause, suffer or allow any person to violate the provisions of this Section. It shall be an affirmative defense to an alleged violation of this Subsection that the person having control of a place has asked that the lighted or heated cigarette, cigar, pipe or other tobacco product be extinguished and asked the person to leave the establishment if that person has failed or refused to extinguish the lighted or heated cigarette, cigar, pipe or other tobacco product.

(2) A person having control of a place listed in this Section shall clearly and conspicuously post "No Smoking" signs or the international "No Smoking" symbol (consisting of a pictorial representation of a burning cigarette enclosed in a red circle with a red bar across it) near all entrances where smoking is prohibited pursuant to this Section. Such signage shall consist of letters not less than one (1) inch in height.

(3) It shall be the responsibility of employers to provide smoke-free workplaces for all employees.

(4) All employers shall supply a written copy of the smoking policy upon request to any existing or prospective employee.

(f) Declaration Of Establishment As Non-Smoking. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Section, an owner, operator, manager, or other person in control of an establishment, facility, or outdoor area may declare that entire establishment, facility, or outdoor area as a nonsmoking place. No person shall smoke in places so declared and posted with signs pursuant to Subsection (e).

(g) Exceptions. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Section to the contrary, the following shall not be subject to the smoking restrictions of this Section:

(1) Private residences, not serving as enclosed places of employment or enclosed public places;

(2) Private clubs;

(3) Performers on stage in a theatrical production, where smoking is required as part of the production;

(4) Private and semi-private rooms in nursing homes and long-term care facilities, the residents of which are all smokers and have all requested the management of the facility to be placed in a room where smoking is permitted;

(5) Retail establishments in which food is not prepared on the premises and where more than 60% of the volume of trade or business carried on is the sale of tobacco and tobacco-related products;

(6) Permanently designated smoking rooms, not to exceed twenty-five percent (25%) of the guest rooms;

(7) Cigar bars, provided such entity is in operation on or before the effective date of this Section and provided that smoke does not infiltrate into areas where smoking is otherwise prohibited;

(8) Drinking establishments which are in operation on or before the effective date of this Section; provided, however, that no smoke infiltrates into areas where smoking is otherwise prohibited, and further provided that each such drinking establishment has posted in a place visible to the public from its exterior a certificate of exemption issued by the Department of Revenue pursuant to Subsection (j).

(h) Section Not To Preclude More Extensive Prohibitions. Nothing in this Section shall be construed or applied in such a manner as to interfere with or prohibit a property owner, business operator or public entity, including the City, from more broadly prohibiting smoking on or about their property or from prohibiting smoking in areas, at times, or under conditions which do not fall within the prohibitions established by this Section.

(i) Notice To License Applicants. Notice of the provisions of this Section shall be given to all applicants for licenses issued by the City pertaining to use of property for business or commercial purposes to which the public will be invited or permitted.

(j) Department Of Revenue To Issue Certificates Of Exemption To Qualified Drinking Establishments.

(1) The owner or operator of a drinking establishment which seeks a smoking exemption certificate shall submit his or her signed and notarized statement, on a form provided by the Director of Revenue, certifying:

a. The amount of the drinking establishment's previous annual gross revenue and that food sales from the licensed premises comprised no more than twenty-five percent (25%) of gross sales of both food and beverages during that year and is not reasonably expected to comprise more than twenty-five percent (25%) of gross sales of both food and beverages going forward; or

b. That the drinking establishment has been operating for less than one (1) year and that the owner or operator reasonably believes that the annual gross revenue derived from the sale of food consumed on the premises will constitute a maximum of twenty-five percent (25%) of gross revenue of the establishment going forward.

(2) Any drinking establishment granted an exemption under Subsection (b) above, shall submit to the Director of Revenue, no more than one hundred (100) days after issuance of a certificate of exemption, a signed and notarized statement by the owner or operator identifying the actual gross revenue and liquor sales for the previous ninety (90) days of operation. The Director of Revenue shall suspend or revoke any certificate of exemption issued under Subsection (b) if this certification is not timely provided or if the certificate fails to demonstrate that the drinking establishment derived a maximum of twenty-five percent (25%) of its gross revenue from the sale of food during that period.

(3) There shall be a fee of thirty-five dollars ($35) for each application for a smoking exemption certificate, which fee shall be paid at the time of the application.

(4) The Director of Revenue may suspend or revoke any certificate of exemption issued hereunder if the drinking establishment is determined not to qualify for same, in accordance with the procedures set forth in Section 801.120 SLCRO 1974, as amended.

(k) Penalties.

(1) Every person who shall be convicted of a violation of Subsections (d) or (f) shall be fined not more than fifty dollars ($50) for each offense.

(2) A person who owns, manages, operates, or otherwise controls a public place or place of employment and who shall be convicted of a violation of Subsection (e) shall be fined as follows:

a. A fine not exceeding one hundred dollars ($100) for a first violation.

b. A fine not exceeding two hundred dollars ($200) for a second violation within one (1) year.

c. A fine not exceeding $500 for each additional violation within one (1) year.

(3) Each day on which a violation of this Section occurs shall be considered a separate and distinct violation.

(l) Severability. Each and every part and Subsection of this Section shall be separate and severable from each and every other part and Subsection hereof. In the event that any part of this Section shall be determined to be unlawful or unconstitutional, the remaining parts and Subsections shall be and remain in full force and effect.

§ 16-58 (Reserved)

§ 16-59 Tobacco Products To Minors.

[R.O. 1985 § 16-59; Ord. No. 4744, § 1 (Exh. A), 4-25-2017]

(a) Definitions. As used in this Section, the following terms mean:

DISTRIBUTE

A conveyance to members of the general public by sale, barter, gift or sample.

ELECTRONIC SMOKING DEVICE

Any device that can be used to deliver aerosolized or vaporized nicotine or other substance to the person inhaling from the device, including, but not limited to, an e-cigarette, e-cigar, e-pipe, vape pen or e-hookah. Electronic smoking device includes any component, part, or accessory of such a device, whether or not sold separately, and includes any substance intended to be aerosolized or vaporized during the use of the device. Electronic smoking device does not include drugs, devices, or combination products authorized for sale by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, as those terms are defined in the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act.

PERSON

An individual, partnership, copartnership, firm, company, trust, estate, political subdivision, or any agency, board, department or bureau of the State or Federal government, or any other legal entity which is recognized by law as the subject of rights and duties.

PROOF OF AGE

A driver's license or other generally accepted means of identification that contains a picture of the individual and appears on its face to be valid, which shows that the individual is twenty-one (21) years of age or older.

ROLLING PAPERS

Paper designed, manufactured, marketed, or sold for use primarily as a wrapping or enclosure for tobacco, which enables a person to roll loose tobacco into a smokable cigarette.

SAMPLE

A tobacco product or electronic smoking device distributed to members of the general public at no cost or at nominal cost for product promotional purposes.

SAMPLING

The distribution to members of the general public of samples.

TOBACCO PRODUCTS

Any product that is made from or derived from tobacco, and is intended for human consumption or is likely to be consumed, whether smoked, heated, chewed, absorbed, dissolved, inhaled or ingested by any other means, including, but not limited to, a cigarette, a cigar, pipe tobacco, chewing tobacco, snuff, snus, or an electronic smoking device. The term includes any component or accessory used in the consumption of a tobacco product, such as filters, rolling papers, pipes, or liquids used in electronic smoking devices. Tobacco product does not include drugs, devices, or combination products authorized for sale by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, as those terms are defined in the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act.

VENDING MACHINE

Any mechanical electric or electronic, self-service device which, upon insertion of money, tokens or any other form of payment, dispenses tobacco products or electronic smoking devices.

(b) Prohibitions.

(1) No person shall sell or distribute any tobacco product, electronic smoking device, or rolling papers to any person under the age of twenty-one (21). This Subsection shall not apply to the distribution by family members on property that is not open to the public.

(2) The owner of an establishment at which tobacco products, electronic smoking devices, or rolling papers are sold at retail or through vending machines shall cause to be prominently displayed in a conspicuous place at every display from which such products are sold and on every vending machine from which such products are purchased a sign that shall:

a. Contain in red lettering at least one-half-inch high on a white background the following: "It is a violation of law for tobacco products or electronic smoking devices to be sold to any person under the age of 21" and

b. Include a depiction of a pack of cigarettes at least two (2) inches high defaced by a red diagonal diameter of a surrounding red circle, and the words "Under 21."

(3) A person selling or otherwise distributing tobacco products, electronic smoking devices, rolling papers, or tobacco product samples shall require proof of age from a prospective purchaser or recipient if a reasonably prudent person would conclude on the basis of appearance that such prospective purchaser or recipient may be under the age of twenty-one (21).

(4) If a sale is made by an employee of the owner of an establishment in violation of this Section, the employee shall be guilty of an offense as established herein. If a vending machine is in violation of this Section, the owner of the establishment where said machine is located shall be guilty of an offense as established herein. If a sample is distributed by the employee of a company conducting a sampling, such employee shall be guilty of an offense as established herein.

(5) Reasonable reliance on proof of age or on the appearance of the purchaser or recipient shall be a defense to any action for violation of this Section. No person shall be liable for more than one (1) violation of this Section on any single day.

(6) It shall be unlawful for any person under the age of twenty-one (21) to purchase, cause to be purchased, or in any manner obtain tobacco products, electronic smoking devices, or rolling papers, whether in exchange for monetary consideration or otherwise. This Subsection shall not apply to the distribution of same by family members on property that is not open to the public.

(c) Penalty. Any person found guilty of violating this Section shall be punished as provided in Chapter 1, Section 1-6 of this Code.

§ 16-60 Funeral Protests Prohibited.

[R.O. 1985 § 16-60; Ord. No. 4744, § 1 (Exh. A), 4-25-2017]

(a) Every citizen may freely speak, write and publish the person's sentiments on all subjects, being responsible for the abuse of the right, but no person shall picket or engage in other protest activities, nor shall any association or corporation cause picketing or other protest activities to occur within three hundred (300) feet of any residence, cemetery, funeral home, church, synagogue, or other establishment during or within one (1) hour before or one (1) hour after the conducting of any actual funeral or burial service at that place.

(b) As used in this Section, "other protest activities" means any action that is disruptive or undertaken to disrupt or disturb a funeral or burial service.

(c) As used in this Section, "funeral" and "burial service" mean the ceremonies and memorial services held in conjunction with the burial or cremation of the dead, but this Section does not apply to processions while they are in transit beyond any three-hundred-foot zone that is established under Subsection (a) above.

§ 16-61 Definitions.

[R.O. 1985 § 16-61; Ord. No. 4744, § 1 (Exh. A), 4-25-2017]

Each term in this Chapter 16, including culpable mental states, shall have the meaning set forth in the "Revised Criminal Code," consisting of Chapters 556 to 580 of the Revised Statutes of Missouri, as enacted by Senate Bill 491 (2014), effective January 1, 2017, and as may be amended in the future, unless specifically defined herein, or unless the context clearly dictates a different meaning.

§ 16-62 Attempt.

[R.O. 1985 § 16-62; Ord. No. 4744, § 1 (Exh. A), 4-25-2017]

Guilt for an offense may be based upon an attempt to commit an offense if, with the purpose of committing the offense, a person performs any act which is a substantial step towards the commission of the offense. A "substantial step" is conduct which is strongly corroborative of the firmness of the actor's purpose to complete the commission of the offense.

§ 16-63 Conspiracy.

[R.O. 1985 § 16-63; Ord. No. 4744, § 1 (Exh. A), 4-25-2017]

(a) Guilt for an offense may be based upon a conspiracy to commit an offense when a person, with the purpose of promoting or facilitating the commission of an offense, agrees with another person or persons that they or one (1) or more of them will engage in conduct which constitutes such offense.

(b) It is no defense to a prosecution for conspiring to commit an offense that a person, who knows that a person with whom he or she conspires to commit an offense has conspired with another person or persons to commit the same offense, does not know the identity of such other person or persons.

(c) If a person conspires to commit a number of offenses, he or she can be found guilty of only one (1) offense of conspiracy so long as such multiple offenses are the object of the same agreement.

(d) No person may be convicted of an offense based upon a conspiracy to commit an offense unless an overt act in pursuance of such conspiracy is alleged and proved to have been done by him or her or by a person with whom he or she conspired.

(e) No person shall be convicted of an offense based upon a conspiracy to commit an offense if, after conspiring to commit the offense, he or she prevented the accomplishment of the objectives of the conspiracy under circumstances manifesting a renunciation of his or her criminal purpose. The defendant shall have the burden of injecting the issue of renunciation of criminal purpose.

(f) For the purpose of time limitations on prosecutions:

(1) A conspiracy to commit an offense is a continuing course of conduct which terminates when the offense or offenses which are its object are committed or the agreement that they be committed is abandoned by the defendant and by those with whom he or she conspired;

(2) If an individual abandons the agreement, the conspiracy is terminated as to him or her only if he or she advises those with whom he or she has conspired of his or her abandonment or he or she informs the law enforcement authorities of the existence of the conspiracy and of his or her participation in it.

(g) A person shall not be charged, convicted or sentenced on the basis of the same course of conduct of both the actual commission of an offense and a conspiracy to commit that offense.

§ 16-64 (Reserved)

§ 16-65 Invasion Of Privacy.

[R.O. 1985 § 16-65; Ord. No. 4789, § 1, 9-12-2017; Ord. No. 5197, 11-9-2021]

(a) Invasion Of Privacy. Peeping, peering or spying into houses or dwelling places occupied by any person or persons, through doors, windows or otherwise, whether the occupants are within the premises or not, for the purpose of spying upon or invading the privacy of another person, shall constitute the offense of invasion of privacy.

(b) Constructive Invasion Of Privacy. Regardless of whether there is a physical trespass pursuant to Section 16-28 of this Code, a person is guilty of constructive invasion of property if a person, through the use of a drone, small unmanned aircraft, or other similar device, knowingly attempts to capture or knowingly captures, in a manner that is offensive to a reasonable person, any type of visual image, visual recording, sound recording, or other physical impression of another engaging in private, personal, or familial activity in a place in which that person has a reasonable expectation of privacy and that impression could not have been achieved without a trespass unless the device was used.

(c) This Section shall not be construed to impair or limit any otherwise lawful activities of law enforcement personnel or employees of governmental agencies or other entities, either public or private, who, in the course and scope of their employment, and supported by an articulable suspicion, attempt to capture any type of visual image, sound recording, or other physical impression of a person during an investigation, surveillance, or monitoring of any conduct to obtain evidence of suspected illegal activity or other misconduct, the suspected violation of any administrative rule or regulation, a suspected fraudulent conduct, or any activity involving a violation of law or business practices or conduct of public officials adversely affecting the public welfare, health, or safety.

§ 16-66 Drones/Small Unmanned Aircraft System.

[R.O. 1985 § 16-66; Ord. No. 4789, § 1, 9-12-2017]

(a) Definitions. As used in this Section and in Section 16-65 of this Code, the following terms shall have the meaning set forth herein:

CIVIL TWILIGHT

Thirty (30) minutes before official sunrise to thirty (30) minutes after official sunset, local time.

SENSITIVE INFRASTRUCTURE

Power stations, utility lines, water treatment facilities, correctional facilities, heavily traveled roadways, government facilities, or other public utility facilities.

SMALL UNMANNED AIRCRAFT or DRONE

An unmanned aircraft weighing less than fifty-five (55) pounds on takeoff, including everything that is on board or otherwise attached to the aircraft.

SMALL UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEM

A small unmanned aircraft and its associate elements (including communication links and the components that control the small unmanned aircraft) that are required for the safe and efficient operation of the small unmanned aircraft in the national airspace system.

UNMANNED AIRCRAFT

An aircraft operated without the possibility of direction human intervention from within or on the aircraft.

VISUAL OBSERVER

A person who is designated by the remote pilot in command to assist the remote pilot in command and the person manipulating the flight controls of the small unmanned aircraft to see and avoid other air traffic or objects aloft or on the ground.

(b) Regulations.

(1) All operators of unmanned aircraft systems and small unmanned aircraft systems shall adhere to applicable Federal and State regulations, rules, and laws regarding their use, and as may be amended from time to time, and implemented thereafter.

(2) No person shall operate an unmanned aircraft, other than a small unmanned aircraft, in the City, except as expressly authorized by State or Federal law. Unmanned aircraft shall be operated in accordance with all State and Federal laws, this Section, Section 16-65, and any other applicable ordinances of the City.

(3) A small unmanned aircraft shall remain within a visual line of sight of the operator of the unmanned aircraft system. Alternately, any small unmanned aircraft shall remain within the visual line of sight of a visual observer, provided that the operator of the small unmanned aircraft system and the visual observer maintain effective communication with one another at all times.

(4) An operator of a small unmanned aircraft system shall not intentionally operate a small unmanned aircraft over persons unprotected by shelter or moving vehicles, or within twenty-five (25) feet from any person, building or vehicle.

(5) An operator of a small unmanned aircraft system shall not operate a small unmanned aircraft within five (5) miles of an airport or heliport without first notifying the airport and control tower.

(6) Small unmanned aircraft shall not be operated in adverse weather conditions, such as high winds or reduced visibility, that impair the operator's ability to control the small unmanned aircraft.

(7) No person shall operate a small unmanned aircraft system, nor shall a person serve as visual observer, if such person is under the influence of alcohol or a controlled substance.

(8) No person shall operate a small unmanned aircraft system in a reckless or negligent manner so as to endanger the life or property of another.

(9) No person shall, without the consent of the owner of the property, public utility, or appropriate governmental entity, operate a small unmanned aircraft within twenty-five (25) feet of or over sensitive infrastructure or property containing sensitive infrastructure.

(10) No person shall operate a small unmanned aircraft system over private property of another without the owner's consent, if such small unmanned aircraft enters into the immediate reaches of the air space next to private property and interferes substantially with the property owner's use and enjoyment of his or her property.

(11) No person shall operate a small unmanned aircraft system except during daylight hours. A small unmanned aircraft system may be operated during civil twilight hours if the small unmanned aircraft is equipped with appropriate anti-collision lighting. Notwithstanding the foregoing, a person may, with the consent of the property owner, operate a small unmanned aircraft system between the start of civil twilight and 10:00 p.m. directly above the property if the property is fully lit by one (1) or more outdoor light fixture provided that each light fixture is at a height of at least sixty (60) feet above the surface of the ground.

(12) In addition to any requirement imposed by State or Federal law, the operator of a small unmanned aircraft system shall report any accident caused by his or her operation of a small unmanned aircraft system to the Crestwood Police Department.

(c) Waiver/Application For Waiver. The City Administrator is authorized to issue a certificate of waiver to a person to operate a small unmanned aircraft system for a special event or for a defined period of time, not to exceed 48 hours, in a manner that would not be authorized under Subsection (b) of this Section. The applicant for such waiver shall submit an application for waiver on a form prepared by the City Administrator. The applicant shall set forth in the application that he or she affirms as follows:

(1) That the operator will be able to continuously know and determine the position, altitude, and movement of the small unmanned aircraft and ensure that the small unmanned aircraft will remain in the area of intended operation;

(2) That the operator will be able to avoid other aircraft, people on the ground, and ground-based structures and obstacles at all time;

(3) That the operator will be alerted of any degraded small unmanned aircraft system function; and

(4) That all required persons participating in the operation of the small unmanned aircraft system will have relevant knowledge of all aspects of operating unmanned aircraft systems that are not in the visual line of sight of the operator.

The waiver granted herein shall be in writing and set forth specifically which Subsections of Subsection (b) of this Section are waived, and the location and time for which the waiver is effective. The City Administrator shall not waive compliance with any FAA regulation or any State or Federal law. The City Administrator shall not waive compliance with Subsections (b)(1), (2), (6), (7), (8), or (12) of this Section.

§ 16-67 through § 16-99. (Reserved)