A. 
As provided in § 300-11.4 of the Zoning Bylaw, open space must be preserved as a condition for most residential developments. The Zoning Bylaw provides:
(1) 
Open space in larger tracts will be preferred, as will open space contiguous with other already preserved open space. Open space shall not have a width of less than 100 feet. Except land reserved as public parkland or playgrounds in the PD and R10 Zones, no parcel smaller than two acres that is not contiguous with such other open space may be counted as part of the required open space in projects larger than 10 acres. (§ 300-11.4A)
(2) 
The open space should protect valuable natural and cultural elements including water bodies, streams, wetland buffers, unfragmented forest, wildlife habitat, open fields, scenic views, trails, stone walls, archeological sites, and to avoid development in hazardous areas such as floodplains and on steep slopes. In areas where public sewage disposal is not available, consideration shall be given to the suitability of soils for on-site disposal systems both within and outside the protected open space. Particular consideration will be given to land that expands land that is already protected or which is recommended for protection under the Town Master Plan or Open Space and Recreation Plan, or will tend to expand or complete wildlife or recreational corridors between such parcels. (§ 300-11.4B)
(3) 
The Board considers the determination of the exact amount of open space to be preserved as well as its location are matters for discussion and negotiation. The Board will endeavor to understand the developer's position in these matters. The Board, however, has no right to allow a lesser amount of open space than required by the Zoning Bylaw and any proposal to do so will be rejected.
B. 
Area of open space. The proportion of a tract that is to be preserved as stated in the Zoning Bylaw and these regulations will be considered as the minimum open space which must be protected. In some cases, because of specific features of a site, it may be appropriate to preserve more open space than the minimum.
C. 
To conform to the requirements of § 300-11.1A of the Zoning Bylaw:
(1) 
In the R80 and C2 Zones, not less than 17% of the total tract area that is not wetlands-related area shall be included in the open space.
(2) 
In the R40 Zone, not less than 8% of the total tract area that is not wetlands-related area shall be included in the open space.
(3) 
In the R10 and PD Zones, not less than 10% of the total tract area that is not wetlands-related area shall be included in the open space.
(4) 
The term "wetlands-related area" used in the preceding three subsections shall include streams, ponds, vegetated wetlands as defined by law and vernal pools.
D. 
Locating the required open space. In its evaluation of which land in a proposed development should best be preserved, the Board will also consider:
(1) 
The land that will best be used as building sites because of its location, its accessibility, the relative ease of development, and viewscapes both from and to the property.
(2) 
Land that may return an economic benefit to its owner should probably be kept in private hands subject to an appropriate easement rather than being transferred to the Town or a conservation entity for whom it will have little value.
(3) 
Open space should be dedicated to its highest and best use within the confines of its being kept undeveloped. This may be agriculture. Land well suited for agricultural purposes should probably be included in the open space. Land that was once tillage or pasture land but has been allowed to revert to woods should be considered for preservation. The question of suitability of land for agricultural purposes may be referred to the Winchendon Agricultural Commission for its opinion.
(4) 
It may be advantageous to include protected open space and developable land in a single parcel if such a combined parcel will have greater value for agricultural or commercial recreational uses. A community center combined with protected open recreational space to be owned by a homeowners' association will be considered. The addition of protected open space to an individual house lot simply to produce a larger lot for strictly residential purposes will not be allowed.
(5) 
The availability of access to open space will be a consideration in its selection.
(6) 
Generally commercial forestry or woodlot uses should be allowed on conserved open space. Such uses should be in accordance with best management practices for long-term open space preservation. Particular efforts shall be made to preserve rare plant species. Winchendon is not particularly interested in preserving land as "wilderness."
(7) 
Hiking, hunting, fishing, and other similar outdoor activities should be encouraged in land preserved for conservation purposes. A commitment not to restrict public access for such uses will be viewed favorably.
(8) 
In considering land for recreational uses, the Board will look at the whole proposal to see that the proposal will ensure that development will not encroach on the space that should remain open and undeveloped. In the case of land proposed for commercial recreation, attention will be given to the economic viability of the proposal.
(9) 
Land that is particularly steep, rough, has substantial ledge, or numerous large boulders may better be included in the preserved open space.
A. 
Preserve the existing conditions.
(1) 
Site/Building design shall preserve natural topography outside of the development footprint to reduce unnecessary land disturbance and to preserve natural drainage channels on the site.
(2) 
In the design of a development, priority shall be given to retention of existing stands of trees, trees at the site perimeter, contiguous vegetation with adjacent sites (particularly existing sites protected through conservation restrictions), and specimen trees.
(3) 
Sites shall be designed in such a way as to avoid impacts to rare and endangered species and wildlife habitat on a site, and to maintain contiguous forested areas.
(4) 
Whenever possible, forested areas shall be preserved if they are associated with:
(a) 
Significant forest communities;
(b) 
Wetlands, water bodies and their buffers;
(c) 
Critical wildlife habitat areas;
(d) 
Slopes over 15%.
(5) 
Open space and specimen trees on the site shall be preserved insofar as possible.
(6) 
Hilltops and/or scenic views within the Town of Winchendon shall be protected.
B. 
New construction.
(1) 
Placement of buildings, structures, or parking facilities shall not detract from the site's scenic qualities and shall blend with the natural landscape. Building sites shall be directed away from the crest of hills, and foundations shall be constructed to reflect the natural terrain.
(2) 
Development envelopes for structures, driveways, wastewater disposal, lawn areas and utility work shall be designed to limit clearing and grading.
(3) 
Cut and fill in site development shall be minimized. Finished grades in disturbed areas should be limited to no greater than a 1:2 slope, while preserving, matching, or blending with the natural contours and undulations of the land to the greatest extent possible.
C. 
Other considerations.
(1) 
Runoff from impervious surfaces shall be recharged on the site by stormwater by using best management practices in accordance with the Winchendon Low-Impact Development Bylaw.[1] Runoff shall not be discharged directly to rivers, streams, or other surface water bodies. All such basins and wells shall be preceded by oil, grease, and sediment traps as may be required.
[1]
Editor's Note: See Ch. 190, Low-Impact Development.
(2) 
Impacts to archaeological resources shall be avoided.
(3) 
The site and all buildings thereon should be designed so as to enhance the use of sustainable energy principles, including the use of renewable energy (including solar energy, wind energy, and biofuels), the conservation of energy of all types, the limitation of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas production, and enhancement of carbon absorption from the atmosphere. The use of "green" construction materials is encouraged. The Board will consider trade-offs in other areas when so doing will better accomplish these purposes.
(4) 
Applicants shall submit a response from the Massachusetts Historical Commission (MHC) regarding the potential for archaeological or historical resources on the site.
D. 
Adequate access from public way.
(1) 
When the physical condition or width of the public ways by which a subdivision will be accessed is inadequate for access to such subdivision in the opinion of the Board, the Board may require the applicant dedicate a strip of land for the purpose of widening the abutting public way to a width at least as great as that required within the subdivision, and to make physical improvements to and within such public way(s) to the same standards required within the subdivision for streets likely to carry traffic similar to that of the access road. This may include drainage improvements, utility improvements, improvement of intersections, signage, signalization, or other amenities necessary for safety and orderly traffic flow. Any such dedication of land for the purpose of such a way and any such work performed within such public way(s) shall be made only with permission of the governmental agency having jurisdiction over such way, and all costs of any such widening or construction shall be borne by the developer.
(2) 
As an alternative to the developer's making the actual required improvements, the Board may require the developer pay to the Town the estimated cost of such improvements, which money shall be used only toward the cost thereof. The timing of any such payment shall be as the Board directs.
A. 
Basic requirements for all streets. The applicant shall observe all design standards for land division as hereinafter provided. These standards shall be considered minimum standards and may be varied from or waived only as provided in § 430-54. The Town of Winchendon's Design Standards and Construction Specifications must be followed.
(1) 
The design speed for streets in commercial subdivisions and principal streets in residential subdivisions shall be 25 miles per hour.
(2) 
The design speed for secondary and minor streets in residential subdivisions shall be 20 miles per hour.
(3) 
Interconnection of streets at both ends is preferred. Dead-end streets, with or without turnarounds, are discouraged unless no other arrangement will allow reasonable use of the land.
B. 
Streets to provide safe travel. All streets in the subdivision shall be designed so that, in the opinion of the Board, they will provide safe vehicular travel and be of sufficient design and construction to adequately handle the traffic load anticipated.
C. 
Subdivisions to have two exits.
(1) 
Any new subdivision which will include more than six dwelling units and any nonresidential subdivision which includes more than 500 feet of roadway shall have two or more regular exits to public ways. The public way(s) used for such access shall also provide two or more exits. This provision is to ensure access for emergency vehicles in case an access is blocked.
(2) 
The Board may consider waivers of this provision if adequate second access is provided over roads other than public ways.
D. 
Street extensions. Provision satisfactory to the Board, such as an easement for roadway purposes, shall be granted to the Town to provide for the proper extension of streets, or other access to adjoining property which is not yet subdivided.
E. 
Streets in Planned Development, Commercial or Industrial Zones. The Board will determine the design standards for new or improved streets in Planned Development, Commercial and Industrial Zones based on the prospective traffic load in number and types of vehicles and pedestrian use. These may exceed the standards shown in § 430-28. These standards may be based on recommendations of the Institute of Transportation Engineers.
F. 
New streets providing access to Commercial and Industrial Zones. Traffic on streets in residential zones that provide access to nonresidential zones should not create a nuisance to the residences in the residential zone. To accomplish this, the following standards shall apply:
(1) 
No new street shall be built or access be allowed by way of existing streets in residential areas unless no other means of access to the nonresidential zone is practicable.
(2) 
If such a new street is required, the right-of-way shall be not less than 150 feet wide. There shall be a buffer of at least 50 feet of dense vegetation on each side of the street within the right-of-way. Such vegetation is not to obstruct views at intersections. If suitable vegetation does not exist, fast-growing native or noninvasive species shall be planted before any other street construction is started in order to create the required buffer. If, in the opinion of the Board, noise or other nuisance from the street is likely to be a problem to residences, suitable barriers may be required on the street side of the buffer. The Board may require upgrade of existing street(s) at the expense of the developer to, as nearly as possible, conform to these requirements.
(3) 
If a new street is to be built in a residence zone that will connect two existing streets but, in the opinion of the Board, is likely to carry some traffic to the Commercial or Industrial Zone, the street plan shall include such traffic calming or other measures that will minimize the commercial/industrial use as the Board may require. The Board may also designate that street as a principal street.
G. 
No reserve strips. Reserve strips prohibiting access to streets from adjoining property shall not be permitted, except where, in the opinion of the Board, such strips will be in the public interest.
H. 
Street offsets and jogs.
(1) 
If the center line of a new street is not directly across the intersection from the right-of-way of another street, it shall have a center-line offset of no less than 125 feet.
(2) 
Any new street shall be offset from any other street on the same side of the road by at least 300 feet, measured at the center lines of the streets.
I. 
Intersections. Streets shall be laid out so as to intersect as nearly as possible at right angles.
(1) 
A safe sight distance of 155 feet shall be maintained at all intersections on commercial and principal residential streets. No structures or vegetation shall be permitted to interfere with sight at this distance.
(2) 
A safe sight distance of 115 feet shall be maintained at all intersections of secondary and minor residential streets. No structures or vegetation shall be permitted to interfere with sight at this distance.
J. 
Cutbacks at intersections. Property lines at street intersections shall be rounded or cut back to provide for a curb radius of not less than 25 feet. A greater radius may be required in commercial and industrial areas where large vehicle access is more likely.
K. 
Traffic calming. In residential subdivisions, curved streets, streets following natural topography, offsets, roundabouts, and other traffic calming measures will be viewed favorably by the Board.
L. 
Safe sight distances.
(1) 
No curve shall have a center-line radius of less than 50 feet. Safe sight distances of 115 feet shall be maintained.
(2) 
Generally, tree trunks under 18 inches, utility poles and traffic signs will not interfere with safe sight lines. Other vegetation higher than 30 inches or tree branches within seven feet of the ground will be presumed to interfere with safe sight lines.
(3) 
Required sight lines should be within the street right-of-way. It may be appropriate to widen the right-of-way at sharp corners or where other obstacles interfere with the sight lines so that the sight lines will remain within the rights-of-way.
(4) 
If a safe sight line will be over private property, a recorded easement to assure this distance remains unobstructed may be required.
M. 
Driveway connections. The developer or property owner shall be responsible for connecting each individual driveway to the travel surface of the street. All such connections shall be built according to the requirements of the Department of Public Works. This may include a requirement for paving and/or installation of a culvert under the driveway connection.
A. 
Common driveways permitted. The Board may, without any obligation to so do, allow a common driveway in place of a minor street, provided the common driveway is allowed by the Zoning Bylaw [see Zoning Bylaw § 300-7.4B(3)] and will not serve as potential access to other property, either property of the applicant or abutting property.
B. 
Required deed language. Before it allows a common driveway, the Board will require that the applicant provide acceptable language that will be incorporated into the deeds for the lots affected which will guarantee in perpetuity access to all of the lots and proper maintenance of the common driveway(s). Further, a special condition will be added to the definitive plan to provide for guaranteed access to the lots and guaranteed maintenance of the common driveway(s).
C. 
Not principal access in Commercial and Industrial Zones. Common driveways as the principal access to lots will not be authorized in Planned Development, Commercial or Industrial Zones.
D. 
Standards for common driveways. The detailed standards for common driveways are included in § 430-28. All common driveways shall also meet the standards established by § 300-8.8 of the Zoning Bylaw.
No principal building on a lot shall be located so as to require a driveway longer than 500 feet measured from the roadway to the nearest point on the principal building, except by a waiver granted by the Board upon a finding that a shorter access is impracticable.
All streets, curb cuts, walkways, ramps, parking spaces, passenger loading zones and other outdoor improvements shall be designed to conform to the requirements of the Massachusetts Architectural Access Board as provided in 521 CMR. This includes making provision for accessible parking spaces.
A. 
Curb specifications. Where curbing is required, whether it be granite or berms, it shall be installed in accordance with the specifications of the Department of Public Works. Where low-impact disposal of stormwater is provided, appropriate curb cuts for drainage shall be provided.
B. 
Curb cuts for single- and two-family residences.
(1) 
Curb cuts for access to the lots shall be located so as to provide safe sight distances as determined by the Board. The location of curb cuts shall be shown on the subdivision plan.
(2) 
One twenty-five-foot curb cut per lot is permitted. Additional curb cuts will be allowed only as the Board may see fit. Generally, no more than one curb cut will be allowed for each 200 feet of lot frontage.
C. 
Other curb cuts. For other uses, the Board will determine curb cuts as part of the site plan approval process.
A. 
Sidewalks which are constructed next to roadways should preferably be separated by a grassed strip not less than two feet wide. This strip may include trees, utility poles (if allowed) and signs.
B. 
All lots in areas requiring sidewalks must be served by sidewalks or walkways. As an alternative to sidewalks alongside roadways, walkways may be constructed at different locations, as the Board may allow.
C. 
The inclusion of dedicated bicycle paths is encouraged and may be substituted for required bike lanes.
D. 
The locations, design and construction of sidewalks, walkways and bicycle paths shall be in conformity with the specifications of the Department of Public Works.
E. 
Walkways and bicycle paths, other than those in roadway rights-of-way, shall require that appropriate easements be established.
On new or reconstructed commercial/industrial or primary residential streets, bike lanes will be required. If on-street parking areas are not provided, the bike lane should be adjacent to the curb. If street parking is provided, the bike lane shall be between the parking area and the travel lanes. The bike lane must be four feet wide and must be separated from the travel lane by a six-inch-wide white pavement stripe. The construction shall be smooth, with drains and manholes flush to the pavement and the same design and height as for the adjacent roadway. Signage to meet state standards shall be provided on the pavement and on the roadside.
A. 
Roadway drainage. Insofar as possible, stormwater disposal shall be accomplished through the use of structures and facilities that return the stormwater to the soil as expeditiously as possible, such as grassed swales or bioretention basins. The requirements of the Winchendon Low-Impact Development Bylaw[1] must be met. Current state standards for low-impact development must be followed. It is expected that in many instances there will be adequate space within the right-of-way for such structures. The construction of systems that will discharge stormwater into a stream or wetland may be permitted only when no other feasible option is available.
[1]
Editor's Note: See Ch. 190, Low-Impact Development.
B. 
Stormwater management, including methods of maintaining existing drainage patterns, shall comply with the Massachusetts Stormwater Handbook.
C. 
If catch basins and underground piping are to be installed for stormwater disposal, catch basins shall be constructed in conformity with specifications of the Department of Public Works and shall be located on both sides of the roadway on continuous grades at intervals of not more than 400 feet, at low points and sags in the roadway and near the corners of the roadway at intersecting streets. The developer shall reimburse the Town for the cost of repairs to such pipes, manholes, and fittings that are required within five years after the street has been paved. A guarantee bond may be required.
(1) 
If a stormwater management plan includes detention basins or retention ponds, sedimentation markers shall be installed in such areas and additionally in any forebays thereof which will show the amount of accumulated sediment so that such basins will be cleaned when necessary.
D. 
All stormwater disposal systems shall be designed and built so as to prevent the discharge of stormwater onto adjacent properties in greater amounts or at greater flow rates than existed prior to the development. Stormwater from one lot or a roadway shall not be discharged onto another lot so as to create a nuisance. Remediation of existing nuisances may be required.
E. 
Wetlands protection.
(1) 
The Wetlands Protection Act, MGL c. 131, § 40, provides:
"no person shall remove, fill dredge, or alter any bank, beach, flat, marsh, meadow, or swamp bordering . . . on any . . . creek, river, stream, pond, or lake, or any land under said waters . . . without filing written notice of his intention to so remove, fill, dredge, or alter, including such plans as may be necessary to describe such proposed activity and its effect upon the environment, at least 60 days prior to any such removing, filling, dredging, or altering. Said notice shall be sent by certified mail to the conservation commission. No such notice shall be sent before all permits, variances, and approval required by local bylaw, with respect to the proposed activity have been obtained."
(2) 
The Board will condition its approval of the plan upon issuance of an order of conditions by the Conservation Commission if such an order is required. Developers are reminded that the Conservation Commission will not conduct site visits when the land is obscured by snow.
A. 
Water supply. If a new subdivision is within 1,500 feet of the existing Town water distribution system, the applicant shall connect all properties in the subdivision with the Town system. The distance shall be measured along Town ways, public or not public, and ways in any authorized subdivision from a Town water main of at least six inches in diameter to the center line of the nearest lot in the subdivision.
(1) 
All pipes and fittings installed shall become Town property from the time they are found free of defects and are placed in normal service. The developer shall also install fire hydrants, provisions to connect existing and authorized streets, and for connecting properties abutting those streets in which the water main is laid. The developer shall reimburse the Town for the cost of repairs to such pipes and fittings that are required within five years after being placed in normal service. A guarantee bond may be required.
(2) 
If water mains are installed in streets in another uncompleted subdivision, the installing developer shall have a claim for the cost of that part of the installation against that other developer.
(3) 
If the Department of Public Works determines that an existing water main to which connection will be made is too small to serve its existing customer load, the load which will be imposed by the new subdivision, and any likely future subdivision between the existing main and the new subdivision, the developer shall replace those parts of the existing water mains that are deemed inadequate with mains of adequate diameter.
(4) 
Water pipes and related equipment such as hydrants and main shutoff valves shall be constructed to serve all lots on each street in the subdivision in conformity with specifications of the Department of Public Works and Fire Department. Hydrants shall be provided and placed at intervals of not more than 400 feet along each street. Pipe and fitting sizes and materials shall be as determined by the Department of Public Works.
(5) 
In a subdivision of more than 12 lots which will not be served by the Town water supply under the preceding section, the developer may be required to install a common water supply system. Such system shall consist of a water supply of adequate quantity and quality to meet public water supply standards, a distribution system serving all lots in the subdivision with pipes and fittings of sufficient size to meet Department of Public Works standards for the Town system. If the developer owns or controls other property contiguous with the proposed subdivision, the number of possible lots in that parcel or parcels shall be added to the number of lots in the proposed subdivision to determine whether the twelve-lot threshold is met.
B. 
Sanitary sewer. If a subdivision is located within 1,500 feet of the Town sanitary sewer system, the developer shall connect to the Town system. The distance shall be measured along Town ways, public or not public, and ways in any authorized subdivision from the Town sewer system to the center line of the nearest lot in the subdivision. The actual sewer need not follow Town ways. The design shall require approval by the Board of Health and the Department of Public Works. The Board will not waive this requirement simply because lift stations or individual unit pumps will be required in order to discharge into the Town system.
(1) 
All manholes, pipes, and fittings installed shall become Town property from the time they are found free of defects and are placed in normal service. The developer shall also install provisions to connect existing and authorized streets, and for connecting all properties abutting the streets in which the sewer is laid. The developer shall reimburse the Town for the cost of repairs to such pipes, manholes, and fittings that are required within five years after being placed in normal service. A guarantee bond may be required.
(2) 
If sewers are installed in streets in another uncompleted subdivision, the installing developer shall have a claim for the other developer's share of the proportional cost of the installation against that other developer.
(3) 
If the Department of Public Works determines that an existing sewer to which connection will be made is too small to serve its existing customer load, that which will be imposed by the new subdivision, and any likely future subdivision between the existing main and the new subdivision, the developer shall replace those parts of the existing sewer that are deemed inadequate to make the entire system adequate.
(4) 
Sewer pipes, manholes, connecting Ys and related equipment shall conform to the specifications of the Department of Public Works.
(5) 
If the subdivision is not required to be connected to the municipal sewer system, the developer may, with the approval of the Board of Health, install a system of common sewers and disposal works. In such a system, all underground piping, manholes, connections, and other appurtenances shall meet the standards of the Department of Public Works for the municipal system. The system shall be designed so that it may be connected to the municipal system should that become feasible. The Board will require adequate provisions for the operation and maintenance of the system.
A. 
Open spaces. Before approval of a subdivision plan, the Board may also, in proper cases, require the plan to show areas suitably located for playground or recreation purposes, or for providing light and air. The area(s) shall not be unreasonable in area in relation to the land in the site and to the prospective uses of such land. Such parks shall be conveniently located. Such parks shall be provided with appropriate access to streets and pedestrian ways.
B. 
Parking requirements. Off-street parking shall be provided in accordance with the Zoning Bylaw. (See Zoning Bylaw, Article VIII.)
C. 
Other utilities. Gas, electric, telephone, etc. shall, if situated in a flood-prone area, be floodproofed and approved by the Department of Public Works or the Board's consulting engineer. Developers will be encouraged and may be required to install utility services, including electricity, telephone and cable antenna television services, underground, and will be required to follow an approved distribution plan. Any associated overhead structures shall be in conformity with Town standards. Any related equipment, such as transformers, switching mechanisms, or other vital components, shall, if situated in a flood-prone area, be floodproofed and approved by the Department of Public Works or the Board's consulting engineer.
D. 
Overlay districts. Land located within all overlay districts is subject to the provisions of the Winchendon Zoning Bylaw, which in general restricts the use of land in such district. The Board may modify these regulations as necessary for subdivisions in those districts.
E. 
Protection of Town property. No natural feature within a road right-of-way or other property of the Town, such as trees, stonewalls, etc., may be removed or disturbed until approval is obtained by the Winchendon Tree Warden and the Department of Public Works. Stonewalls which abut the public right-of-way are included in this section. If the road is designated as a scenic road, the permit and other requirements for work on scenic roads shall be followed.
F. 
Easements.
(1) 
Utility easements. Easements for utilities across lots or centered on road or side lot lines shall be provided where necessary and shall be at least 20 feet wide.
(2) 
Stormwater easements. Where a subdivision is traversed by a watercourse, drainage way, channel or stream, the Board may require that a a stormwater easement to the Town be provided for a drainage right-of-way of adequate width that conforms substantially to the lines of such watercourse, and the boundary of which shall be no closer than 12 feet to the high water line, drainage way channel or stream, to provide for construction, repair, or other necessary purposes.
G. 
School bus stops. In areas where transportation of school students will be required, the developer shall consult with the School Department as to likely school bus stop locations and shall make sure such locations will provide safe access for students. Student shelter(s) may be required. Appropriate markings will be required. The results of such consultation shall be reported to the Board.
H. 
Fire protection.
(1) 
Each new dwelling unit should be provided with a residential sprinkler system designed and installed in accordance with the code promulgated by the National Fire Protection Association as interpreted by the Chief of the Winchendon Fire Department. This includes the provision of an adequate water supply for dwellings not served by the Town water system.
(2) 
New nonresidential or mixed-use buildings shall be provided with fire protection systems, including automatic fire alarm systems, as required by the Massachusetts Building Code or the requirements of the Winchendon Fire Department.
(3) 
Unless residential sprinkler systems are installed as suggested in Subsection H(1) and/or suitable systems are installed as required in Subsection H(2), a water supply for fire protection shall be provided according to the provisions of § 430-41.
I. 
Monuments.
(1) 
Monuments shall be installed on both sides of the street at all street intersections, at all points of change of direction or curvatures of streets at 1,000-foot intervals maximum on curves, on property corners of all new lots and at other points where, in the opinion of the Board, permanent monuments are necessary. No permanent monuments shall be installed until all construction which would destroy or disturb the monuments is completed. Placement and location of bounds are to be certified by a registered professional engineer or registered land surveyor after installation of the way, and shall be shown on the as-built drawings.
(2) 
Monuments shall be a standard granite marker of not less than four feet in length and not less than six inches in width and breadth and shall have a metal bar installed at the exact location of the boundary point. In areas where a protruding marker may constitute a hazard, monuments shall be set flush with final grades. Otherwise, the tops of monuments should be 6 inches to 12 inches above ground level so the monument can be more easily located. The metal bar must be installed so that the monument may be found with a metal detector.
J. 
Street signs.
(1) 
Signs at intersections. Street signs shall be installed by the developer at all intersections in conformity with the specifications of the Department of Public Works.
(2) 
Private way signs. Until such time as a street is accepted by the Town of Winchendon as a public way, the sign posts at the intersection of such street with any other street shall have affixed thereto by the developer a sign designating such street as not being a public way.
K. 
Landscaping.
(1) 
Landscape plan required. The applicant shall submit as part of the subdivision application a landscape plan prepared by a registered landscape architect which shall specify the number, location, and type of trees to be planted in the subdivision.
(2) 
Existing trees. Should suitable trees to meet the requirements of this section exist within the right-of-way or within 20 feet thereof on the abutting lot, the retention of such trees, if healthy, will be considered preferable to the planting of new trees. If such trees exist and are identified on the landscape plan, the Board will waive the planting of new trees in that area.
(3) 
New trees. Trees shall be planted at the developer's expense along or within the right-of-way on both sides at intervals of approximately 50 feet, but no closer than 35 feet, along roads within the entire tract being subdivided, unless specifically exempted by the Board. All trees shall be of native or noninvasive species and be the equivalent of well-rooted nursery-grown stock not less than one inch dbh in good condition and free of injury, harmful insects and diseases. Large trees and shrubs within rain gardens may be counted toward meeting the requirements of this subsection.
L. 
Retaining walls. Retaining walls with height measured from base ground level to the top of the structure of greater than five feet shall be designed by a registered structural engineer. A profile plan, soil analyses, and complete engineering calculations shall be provided.
A. 
Article XI of the Zoning Bylaw regulates the number of dwelling units in a residential subdivision. Unless a lot is legally restricted for some other purpose, each lot will be considered to have the potential for at least one dwelling unit. Lots which are restricted for other purposes, except in the protected open space, will be allowed only at the discretion of the Board.
B. 
In general, it is expected that the residences in a subdivision will be clustered. This arrangement is facilitated by the reduced lot sizes, frontage requirements, and setbacks allowed. Using the minimums allowed for area, setbacks, and frontage may not provide the best and most marketable design; and developers may elect for greater spacing. It is understood by the Board that developers will want to build easily marketable properties. The Board will generally accede to the wishes of the developer in this regard.
C. 
The construction of a cluster of homes around some interest point, either existing or to be constructed, will be viewed favorably by the Board.
D. 
While three-family buildings are permitted in the R80, R40 and C2 Zones, it is expected that most buildings will be single- or two-family residences.
E. 
In the R10 and PD Zones, the construction of multifamily buildings to provide rental housing or condominium ownership is encouraged. More than one residential building per lot is permitted. The inclusion of units restricted to occupants of low or moderate income is strongly encouraged.
F. 
When it is expected that a residential lot will be used in conjunction with agricultural land in the protected open space as a farm, it may be located close to the agricultural land and not as part of a residential cluster. It is expected that some such owners may supplement their agricultural activities with nonagricultural occupations.
Features provided in the Site Plan Regulations. If unusual features are proposed in a subdivision that are covered by design standards in the Rules and Regulations for the Review and Approval of Site Plans and Site Development but are not otherwise covered in these regulations, the design standards included in the Site Plan Regulations shall apply.[1]
[1]
Editor's Note: See Ch. 420, Site Plan Review, of the Town Code.