A. 
Remove vegetation, debris, unsatisfactory soil materials, obstructions, and deleterious materials from ground surface prior to placement of fills. Plow, strip, or break up sloped surfaces steeper than one vertical to four horizontal so that fill material will bond with existing surface.
(1) 
When existing ground surface has a density less than that specified, break up ground surface, pulverize, moisture condition to optimum moisture content, and compact to required depth and percentage of maximum density.
B. 
Place select fill material to subgrade elevations in maximum eight-inch horizontal lifts. Adjust the moisture content of embankment fill to within 2% of optimum by either air-drying or addition of water prior to compaction. Spread wet embankment fill in eight-inch loose lift and disc to expedite air drying. Remove rock particles larger than four inches.
C. 
If on-site soils are not available, a well-graded bank-run gravel shall be imported.
D. 
Compact embankment fill to or above 95% "'Modified Proctor" maximum density with a smooth drum roller, or other sufficient compaction equipment, weighing at least seven tons and operating in the vibratory mode.
E. 
Slope the subgrade as shown on Figure No. 1, Typical Highway Cross-Section.[1] Proof-roll the final subgrade to avoid ponding of surface water. Proof-rolling shall be accomplished with a smooth drum roller weighing at least 30 tons and operating in the vibratory mode. Any settlement or movement of the subgrade ahead of or under the roller that indicates a potential soft area will require removal and replacement with suitable compacted granular material.
[1]
Editor's Note: Figure No. 1 is included as an attachment to this chapter.
A. 
Remove vegetation, debris, unsatisfactory soil materials, obstructions, and deleterious materials from ground surface. Excavate subsoil to the depth required to provide a uniform surface of solid and undisturbed ground for the placement of aggregate subbase course.
B. 
Excavate swales, if applicable, to the minimum depth shown below the center-line finish grade elevation.
C. 
Where the bottom of the roadbed excavation is found to be unstable or to include deleterious material, which in the judgment of the Town should be removed, excavate and remove and backfill the over-excavation with compacted base course material.
D. 
Compact the subgrade to or above 95% "Modified Proctor" density with a smooth drum roller, or other sufficient compaction equipment, weighing at least 30 tons. Operate compactor in the static mode for compaction of silty soils and in the vibratory mode for soils containing larger fractions of sand and gravel.
E. 
Slope the subgrade as shown on Figure No. 1, Typical Highway Cross-Section.[1] Proof-roll the final subgrade to avoid ponding of surface water. Proof-rolling shall be accomplished with a smooth drum roller weighing at least 30 tons and operating in the vibratory mode. Any settlement or movement of the subgrade ahead of or under the roller that indicates a potential soft area will require removal and replacement with suitable compacted granular material.
[1]
Editor's Note: Figure No. 1 is included as an attachment to this chapter.
F. 
Install underdrains wherever groundwater seepage is encountered or in low, wet areas.
A. 
Prior to placing the geotextile fabric and aggregate subbase course, verify that the Highway Superintendent has observed proof-rolling of the subgrade.
B. 
Place the geotextile fabric on prepared subgrade across the width of the roadbed and lap in accordance with manufacturer's instructions. Remove any rocks or debris from subgrade surface that could puncture the fabric.
C. 
Lap drainage fabric with stabilization fabric where underdrains are indicated to be installed.
D. 
Place subbase course material in layers of uniform thickness, conforming to indicated cross-section and thickness. Maintain grades, elevations, cross-slopes and optimum moisture content for compaction.
E. 
Compact subbase course to 95% "Modified Proctor" maximum dry density with a smooth drum compactor weighing at least 30 tons and operating in the vibratory mode. Use mechanical tamping equipment in areas inaccessible to drum compactor. When a compacted subbase course is indicated to be more than six inches thick, place material in equal layers, except no single layer shall be more than six inches or less than three inches in thickness when compacted.
F. 
Slope the subbase course to provide drainage of surface water to swales as shown on Figure No. 1, Typical Highway Cross-Section. Proof-roll the final subbase course material with a fully loaded, ten-wheeled dump truck weighing at least 18 tons prior to placing asphalt concrete pavements.
A. 
Prior to placing the base course material, verify that the Highway Superintendent has observed proof-rolling of the subbase course. Proof-rolling shall be conducted in the same manner as for the subgrade.
B. 
Place base course material in layers of uniform thickness, conforming to indicated cross-section and thickness. Maintain optimum moisture content for compaction. When a compacted subbase course is indicated to be more than six inches thick, place material in equal layers, except no single layer more than six inches or less than three inches thickness when compacted.
C. 
Compact base course to 95% "Modified Proctor" maximum dry density.
D. 
Slope the base course to provide drainage of surface water to swales as shown on Figure No. 1, Typical Highway Cross-Section. Proof-roll the final base course material with a fully loaded, ten-wheeled dump truck weighing at least 18 tons prior to placing asphalt concrete pavements.
The construction of the shoulders shall conform to the same requirements as the construction of the subgrade, subbase course, and base course. The shoulders will be constructed at the same time as the roadbed, utilizing the same material, placement and lift requirements. The final course will be of two layers: a binder with a minimum of 2.5 inches and a top coat with a minimum of 1.5 inches to cover the base and bring the level of the shoulder to the level of the pavement.
Prior to paving, verify that the Highway Superintendent has observed proof-rolling of the base course. Proof-rolling shall be conducted in the same manner as for the subgrade. Prior to paving, the base course shall be brought to line and grade conforming to the cross-section and profile as shown on the plans any voids or settlements shall be filled and compacted to grade with base course material.
A. 
Written approval of the base by the Highway Superintendent is required before placement of the binder. There will be a minimum of 14 days between the placement of the binder and the top unless otherwise approved by the Highway Superintendent. Placement of pavement will not be allowed when the ambient air temperature is below 60° F. or above 95° F.
B. 
The surface shall be free from irregularities to provide a reasonably smooth and uniform surface to receive the bituminous concrete material. Unstable corrugated areas shall be removed and replaced with base material. Manhole covers, drop inlets, catch basins, curb and any other structure within the roadbed area shall be protected against the application of the bituminous concrete material.
C. 
Two layers are required: a binder and a top course. The binder will be a minimum of 2.5 inches and the top a minimum 1.5 inches. Placement of the materials will be consistent with the NYSDOT Standard Specifications for Construction and Materials, latest edition.
A. 
Bedding. For storm sewer pipe, place bedding stone at trench bottom across entire width of trench in such thickness that a minimum of six inches will be under the bottom of the pipe. For underdrain tubing, place a minimum of four inches of bedding stone beneath the invert. Place balance of aggregate encasement to depth and width shown on the drawings.
B. 
Pipe and tubing.
(1) 
Install corrugated polyethylene plastic pipe and couplings in accordance with manufacturer's instructions. Install plastic perforated pipe, in accordance with ASTM D2321 and manufacturer's instructions.
(2) 
Lift or roll pipe in position. Do not drop or drag pipe over prepared bedding. Lay pipe at downstream end and progress upstream true to grades and alignment with unbroken continuity of the invert. Begin work at existing catch basin if applicable.
(3) 
Shore pipe to required position; retain in place until after compaction of adjacent fills. Ensure pipe remains in correct position and to required slope.
(4) 
Lay pipe to invert elevations shown on drawings. Do not displace or damage pipe when compacting.
C. 
Drainage inlets and manholes.
(1) 
Place precast concrete drainage inlets and manholes on leveled bedding stone and at required elevation to maintain pipe invert elevations shown on drawings.
(2) 
Install pipe flush with the inside face of drainage inlet and manhole wall. Seal voids between pipe and knockout with cement grout inside and outside of drainage inlet.
(3) 
Do not begin backfilling until cement grout seal is completely set.
(4) 
Maintain drainage by installing frame and grate flush with temporary finished grade and bring to final elevation at time of paving with precast concrete grade ring and grout frame permanently in place.
(5) 
Mount frame level in grout to required elevations and secured to top of drainage inlet. Align inlet frames to match the line of curbing. Set grate in frame and correct deficiency in casting such that grate will seat in position without rocking.
(6) 
Verify installation of manhole steps to avoid conflict with inlet and outlet pipes.
A. 
Preparation of subgrade for landscaped areas.
(1) 
Limit preparation to areas that will be planted in immediate future.
(2) 
Loosen subgrade to a minimum depth of four inches. Remove stones larger than 1 1/2 inches in any dimension and sticks, roots, and rubbish.
(3) 
Provide subgrade with an even, smooth surface ready to receive topsoil.
B. 
All disturbed natural areas within the highway or proposed drainage easements shall be restored with a minimum two inches of topsoil and reseeded with a grass mixture compatible with the surrounding environment.
C. 
For late fall construction and prior to winter, seed rough-graded areas with a temporary conservation mix of winter rye, winter wheat and annual ryegrass.
D. 
No trees or shrubs shall be planted in the highway without prior written approval from the Town. Any trees or shrubs planted in the highway become the property of the Town.
E. 
All areas out of the paved area must be provided with an established ground cover approved by the Town.