[History: Tribal Act #06-24.1650 enacted by Tribal Council at Special Session on April 26, 2006.]
(a) 
General. The following equipment design requirements shall apply to all new community drinking water systems that will have additional Fluoride added to the water. Paragraphs (1) and (2), below, must be incorporated within 60 days of approval of this ordinance on all current community drinking water systems adding Fluoride to the drinking water.
(1) 
The fluoride chemical pump must be installed so that it cannot operate unless water is being pumped into the system past the injector.
(2) 
It must be made physically impossible to plug the fluoride-metering pump into any standard continuously energized (hot) electrical outlet. The fluoride metering pump, the flow switch, and the water pump control circuit must be connected in series along with a parallel circuit containing an adjustable timer and holding circuit with both of the later two items connected in series with each other. It is the intent of this description to have the twist lock design electrical outlet into which the fluoride-metering pump is plugged and energized only when there is flow from the water pump. If two water pumps are normally pumping together when water production is requested, each water pump shall have a flow switch and both flow switches shall have to be closed before the outlet that energizes the fluoride-metering pump is energized.
(3) 
All the water to be treated must pass the fluoride injection point.
(4) 
The fluoride injection point in a water line should be located in the lower 1/3 of the pipe, and the end of the injection line should extend into the pipe approximately one third of the pipe's diameter.
(5) 
A corporation style stop valve shall be connected into the water production pipe at the fluoride injection point. A stainless steel safety chain or cable shall be installed connecting the injector assembly to the corporation stop to protect the water plant operator and water plant from a possible blowout of the injector assembly.
(6) 
Two diaphragm-type, antisiphon devices shall be installed in the discharge line coming from the fluoride-metering pump. The antisiphon device should have a diaphragm that is spring-loaded in the closed position. These devices should be located at the fluoride injection point and at the metering pump head on the discharge side.
(7) 
The fluoride metering pump should be located on a shelf not more than four feet [1.2 meters] higher than the lowest normal level of liquid in the solution container.
(8) 
For safety, fluoride-metering pumps should be sized to feed not more than 1.0 mg/L fluoride in the water near the stroke and speed settings that are equal to 50% of the metering pump total capacity 49% of capacity of an electronic chemical pump is achieved at speed and stroke settings of 70].
(9) 
The priming switch on the metering pump should be spring-loaded to prevent the pump from being started erroneously with the switch in the priming position.
(10) 
No customer shall be allowed to connect to the finished water line within 100 feet 30.5 meters] of the fluoride injection point without the installation of an in-line mixer, small mixing tank or storage tank within that 100 feet.
(11) 
A master meter must be on the main water service line so that calculations can be made to confirm that the proper amounts of fluoride solution are being fed.
(12) 
The fluoride feed lines must be clearly identified by some means and the direction of flow indicated on the lines. If a color code is used, it should be light blue with red bands.
(13) 
All hose connections within reach of the fluoride feed equipment should be provided with a hose bib vacuum breaker.
(14) 
All fluoride chemicals must conform to the appropriate American Water Works Association (AWWA) standards (B-701). It is recommended that a one-year supply of fluoride chemical be maintained to minimize the effect of a possible fluoride chemical shortage.
(15) 
Cross-connection controls that conform to this ordinance must be provided.
(b) 
Injection Systems. The following injection systems are approved for installation in Grand Traverse Band community water systems.
(1) 
Sodium Fluoride Saturator System.
(A) 
When using this system, the installation shall be installed using the guidelines developed by the CDC as referenced in Paragraph 4d.
(B) 
Unsaturated (batch-mixed) sodium fluoride solution shall not be used in water fluoridation. Soften water used in the saturator to less than four grains hardness.
(C) 
Only granular sodium fluoride should be used in saturators for operator safety and to prevent plugging the saturators.
(c) 
Frequency.
(1) 
Water system personnel must monitor fluoride levels in each water distribution system at least five days per week. On systems that are inspected daily, the fluoride levels must be inspected daily. Samples that will reflect the actual level of fluoride in the water system should be taken at points throughout the water system.
(2) 
A testing plan shall be developed for each system so that each portion of the system is tested within 30 days.
(d) 
Split Sampling.
(1) 
At least once each quarter, a sample from each water distribution system where fluoride is injected shall be divided with one portion analyzed for fluoride by water system personnel and the other portion analyzed by an EPA approved laboratory. The results of the split sample should be within 20% of the value of the EPA approved laboratory. Variations beyond this should be investigated for consistency with previous deviations, quality of mixing, and method of sampling.
(e) 
Calculated Dosage. Water system personnel must calculate the fluoride levels in each water distribution system at least five days per week. On systems that are inspected daily, the fluoride levels must be calculated daily. This is done using the weight of fluoride injected compared to the volume of water pumped since the last measurement.
Calculated Dosage (mg/L)
=
fluoride fed (lbs) x AFI x chemical purity\
Actual production (MG) x 8.34 lbs/gal
(Where AFI is the Available Fluoride Ion Concentration)
(f) 
Acceptable Range of Fluoride Levels. The optimal range for fluoride levels in the Grand Traverse Band Community Water Systems is 1.1 ppm to 1.5 ppm. When a test result is at or near the top end of the analyzer scale, the water sample must be diluted and retested to ensure that high fluoride levels are accurately measured. Immediate action must be taken if the fluoride level exceeds this range. Table 1 indicates the required action for any overfeeds. Table 2 provides the recommended optimal fluoride levels based on the annual average of maximum daily air temperatures.
(g) 
Source Water Testing. The source water from each well located in a community water system injecting fluoride shall be tested on an annual basis with the sample to be taken before the injection point. The testing shall be completed by an EPA approved laboratory. This value shall be used to adjust the dosage of fluoride added to the system.
[History: No § 602 was included in Tribal Act #06-24.1650 enacted by Tribal Council at Special Session on April 26, 2006.]
[History: Tribal Act #06-24.1650 enacted by Tribal Council at Special Session on April 26, 2006.]
(a) 
The operator shall keep a daily logbook at each system injecting fluoride of all fluoride test results noting the date, test results and location in the system. The logbook shall include the date, place, time of sampling and the name of the person who collected the sample.
(b) 
The operator shall keep a daily logbook at each system injecting fluoride of all calculated test results including the amount of fluoride used, make-up water used, and the pumping records. The logbook shall include the date, place, time of sampling and the name of the person who collected the sample.
(c) 
The operator shall record the split sample results on a quarterly basis and maintain a file of test results and comparisons.
(d) 
The summary of all fluoride test results should be made available to other Grand Traverse Band departments if requested.
(e) 
The test record file shall be maintained for a period of not less than two years.
[History: Tribal Act #06-24.1650 enacted by Tribal Council at Special Session on April 26, 2006.]
(a) 
Operation and Maintenance schedules (O&M) must be established to maintain the equipment. See Table 3 for recommended maintenance.
(b) 
Fluoride feed equipment, controls, safety equipment and plan, storage area, testing equipment, accessory equipment, and other appurtenances must be inspected annually.
(c) 
All antisiphon devices must be dismantled and visually inspected at least once a year.
[History: Tribal Act #06-24.1650 enacted by Tribal Council at Special Session on April 26, 2006.]
(a) 
The use of personal protective equipment (PPE) is required when fluoride compounds are handled or when maintenance on fluoridation equipment is performed. See Personal Protective Equipment, Occupational Safety and Health Program Act (6 HCC § 8-7).
(b) 
An on-site emergency plan must be established and maintained for each water system injecting fluoride and should be based on the type of fluoride used. This plan must include public notification procedures based on Table 1.
(c) 
Sodium Fluoride System (Saturator System).
(1) 
The operator shall wear the following PPE:
(A) 
A National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)/Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) approved, N-series particulate respirator (i.e., chemical mask) with a soft rubber face-to-mask seal and replaceable cartridges.
(B) 
Splash-proof safety goggles;
(C) 
Gauntlet neoprene gloves with cuffs, which should be a minimum length of 12 inches [30.5 cm]; and
(D) 
Heavy-duty, acid-proof neoprene apron.
(2) 
A safety shower and an eye wash station utilizing tempered water is an option for pumphouses using this method of fluoride mixing. The use of other chemicals in the pumphouse may change this requirement.
Table 1: Recommended Fluoride Overfeed Actions for Community Water Systems
Source: U.S. Department of Health, Centers for Disease Control, Engineering and Administrative Recommendations for Water Fluoridation, 1995
Fluoride Level
Actions Recommended
0.1 mg/L above control range to
1.
Leave the fluoridation system on.
2.0 mg/L
2.
Determine malfunction and repair.
2.1 mg/L to 4.0 mg/L
1.
Leave the fluoridation system on.
2.
Determine malfunction and repair.
3.
Notify supervisor and report the incident to the Office of Environmental Health.
4.1 mg/L to 10.0 mg/L
1.
Determine malfunction and immediately attempt to repair.
2.
If the problem is not found and corrected quickly (within 1 hour), turn off the fluoridation system. Notify supervisor and report the incident to the Office of Environmental Health.
3.
Take water samples at several points in the distribution system and test the fluoride content.
4.
Retest if results are still high.
5.
Determine malfunction and repair. Then, with the supervisor's permission, restart the fluoridation system.
10.1 mg/L or Greater
1.
Turn off the fluoridation system immediately.
2.
Notify supervisor and report the incident to the Office of Environmental Health and follow their instructions.
3.
Take water samples at several points in the distribution system and test the fluoride content. Retest if results are still high. Save part of each sample for an EPA approved laboratory to test.
4.
Determine malfunction and repair. Then, with the supervisor and Office of Environmental Health's permission, restart the fluoridation system.
Table 2: Recommended Optimal Fluoride Levels for Community Public Water Supply Systems
Source: U.S. Department of Health, Centers for Disease Control, Engineering and Administrative Recommendations for Water Fluoridation, 1995.
Annual Average of Maximum Daily Air Temperatures
Recommended Fluoride Concentrations
(mg/L)
Recommended Control Range
(mg/L)
0.1-0.5
F.
C.
Subtract 0.1
Add 0.5
50.0-53.7
10.0-12.0
1.2
1.1
1.7
53.8-58.3
12.1-14.6
1.1
1.0
1.6
58.4-63.8
14.7-17.7
1.0
0.9
1.5
63.9-70.6
17.8-21.4
0.9
0.8
1.4
70.7-79.2
21.5-26.2
0.8
0.7
1.3
79.3-90.5
26.3-32.5
0.7
0.6
1.2
Table 3: Recommended Maintenance Plan
Source: U.S. Department of Health, Centers for Disease Control, Water Fluoridation: A Manual for Water Plant Operators, April 1994, p.88.
Equipment
Maintenance Work
Time
Metering Pump
1.
Disassemble pump and replace worn parts
1.
Once a year.
2.
Change gear oil (except electronic). Keep spare parts on hand for liquid ends.
2.
After first 2 to 4 weeks, then every 6 months.
Saturator
1.
Drain, disassemble, and clean. Remove and reuse saturated sodium fluoride.
1.
Annually (or more often with heavy use)
2.
Disassemble and clean precipitates from foot valve or suction strainer, discharge and injection lines, injection nozzle.
2.
Every 6 months. Do more often if plugging becomes a problem.
3.
Disassemble and replace worn parts of the siphon breaker.
3.
Every 6 months
Anti-Siphon
1.
Disassemble and replace worn parts.
1.
Annually
Injection Nozzle
1.
Disassemble and clean
1.
Annually