Adjusted value.
A reasonable balance between original cost less depreciation,
and replacement, or trended cost, less an adjustment for both age
and condition; provided, that the adjustment for both present age
and condition shall reflect the same concepts with respect to the
using up of property or the consumption of capital that is considered
in the annual depreciation expense allowance. There must be a consistent
relationship between the adjustment, both for age and condition (i.e.,
the depreciation existing on the property) and the depreciation accumulated
through expense charges.
Allocations.
For all utilities, the division of plant, revenues, expenses,
taxes and reserves between cities or between cities and unincorporated
areas, where such items are used for providing utility service for
more than one city or for a city and unincorporated areas. Examples
of items subject to allocations include general office buildings,
general administrative expenses, and income taxes.
Reasonable balance.
As used in the definition of “adjusted value”
above, that balance which shall give not less than 60% or more than
75% weighting to original cost less depreciation; provided, however,
that for good cause shown (including, but not limited to, conditions
such as: (1) binding legal standards imposed by statute or court decisions;
(2) inflation or deflation in current economic conditions; (3) quality
for service being provided; (4) growth rate of service area; (5) technological
changes; or (6) need for utility to attract new capital), the city
council may deviate from such weighting, or balance in specific cases;
and in such cases, the record of the hearing conducted thereon shall
be required to reflect the basis, or cause shown, for such deviation.
Separation.
For communication utilities only, the division of plant,
revenues, expenses, taxes and reserves, and the amounts thereof, applicable
to exchange or local service where such items are used in common for
providing utility service to both local exchange service and other
service, such as interstate or intrastate toll service.
Statutory rate base.
The adjusted value of all property of the public utility
used and useful in providing the service in question.
(1995 Code, sec. 20-61)
In arriving at the fair value of property used and useful in
providing the service in question, the following methods and criteria
shall be duly considered by the city council and shall be fairly reported
by the utility in question as a part of its rate change applications:
(1) Property, or capital, received by the utility as contributions in
aid of construction shall not be considered a part of the rate base.
(2) No additions to rate base shall be allowed for deferred liabilities
representing, in effect, interest-free or cost-free capital, including
but not limited to deferred income taxes and investment tax credit
except to the extent the city determines to be reasonable.
(3) The rate base may include a reasonable amount for materials and supplies,
unless sufficient funds for such purposes have been provided by ratepayers
through advance payment for services, tax accruals, or other means;
provided, however, that the amount so included shall not exceed 1/8
of the utility’s cash operating and maintenance expenses for
the test period.
(4) The rate base may include a reasonable amount for working capital,
unless sufficient funds for such purposes have been provided by ratepayers
through advance payment for services, tax accruals, or other means;
provided, however, that the amount so included shall not exceed 1/8
of the utility’s cash operating and maintenance expenses for
the test period.
(5) When the rate base reported includes an allowance for working capital,
then the report must also show the amount of such capital already
available. Such available capital shall include funds collected from
ratepayers but not expended promptly and held for some period of time,
during which time held such funds shall be considered available capital.
Such funds shall also include advance payments; customer deposits;
investment credits; accrued federal, state and local tax funds not
yet due or payable; and other such funds available to the utility
without interest or capital cost.
(6) In the adjustment of replacement or trended cost for both present
age and condition, such adjustment for both present age and condition
shall be compared to that ratio determined by dividing the depreciation
reserve by the original cost of the property, and if this adjustment
for age and condition is not reasonably consistent or equal to that
reserve ratio, then the city may adjust the depreciation expense or
the adjustment for age and condition to obtain consistency. If the
depreciation reserve appears to understate the depreciation in the
property, or if the utility does not know its local depreciation reserve,
then the city may calculate a reasonable theoretical depreciation
reserve base upon current depreciation rates multiplied by the vintage
age of the property by accounts.
(7) The utility company shall file supporting data showing how it determined
the replacement cost new of its properties. If trending factors were
used to develop this cost, then copies of these indexes and property
accounts and amounts by years shall be furnished the city. If unit
prices are utilized then this company is to furnish number of units
by accounts and the unit prices used on each.
(8) In all cases, it is the intention of this article, and of these standards
and methods, to arrive at a fair, just, and equitable valuation of
all properties and elements comprising the statutory rate base, so
that the city council may, in consideration of local or special circumstances,
require or permit, by specific action, treatment of the items covered
by this section (as from time to time amended) in such other manner
as it considers appropriate in meeting such standards. The city council
may also include other items or exclude the items above named or any
other items from the rate base for good cause shown. The utility in
question shall at all times have reasonable opportunity and notice
of deviations proposed to be made to specific standards on methods
contained in this article.
(1995 Code, sec. 20-62)
All reasonable and necessary expenses of operating the public
utility shall be allowed in the determination of net operating revenue.
Expenses included in annual reports or other reports to cities shall
be actual expenses recorded on the utility’s books of account.
When filing for a rate increase, the utility shall show actual revenue
and expenses recorded on its books and all adjustments necessary to
properly present net operating revenue for the period under review.
Depreciation expense shall be based upon original cost and not upon
other measures of value of assets. The city may require an annual
reporting from each utility company of all its expenditures for business
gifts and entertainment, and institutional, consumption-inducing and
other advertising or public relations expenses. The regulatory authority
shall not allow as costs or expenses for ratemaking purposes any of
these expenditures which the regulatory authority determines not to
be in the public interest. The cost of legislative-advocacy expenses
shall not in any case be allowed as costs or expenses for ratemaking
purposes. Reasonable charitable or civic contributions may be allowed
not to exceed the amount approved by the regulatory authority.
(1995 Code, sec. 20-63)
If the public utility is a member of an affiliated group that
is eligible to file a consolidated income tax return, and if it is
advantageous to the public utility to do so, income taxes shall be
computed as though a consolidated return had been so filed and the
utility had realized its fair share of the savings resulting from
the consolidated return unless it is shown to the satisfaction of
the regulatory authority that it was reasonable to choose not to consolidate
returns. The amounts of income taxes saved by a consolidated group
of which a public utility is a member by reason of the elimination
in the consolidated return of the intercompany profit on purchases
by the public utility from an affiliate shall be applied to reduce
the cost of the property or services so purchased. The investment
tax credit allowed against federal income taxes, to the extent retained
by the utility, shall be applied as a reduction in the rate base contribution
of the assets to which such credit applies, to the extent and at such
rate as allowed by the Internal Revenue Code.
(1995 Code, sec. 20-64)
In determining the allocation of tax savings derived from application
of such methods as liberalized depreciation and amortization and the
investment tax credit, the regulatory authority shall equitably balance
the interests of present and future customers and shall apportion
such benefits between consumers and the public utilities accordingly.
Where any portion of the investment tax credit has been retained by
a public utility, that same amount shall be deducted from the original
cost of the facilities or other addition to the rate base to which
the credit applied, to the extent allowed by the Internal Revenue
Code.
(1995 Code, sec. 20-65)
All regular or special reports required by this article shall
include a report of all services provided at a discounted or reduced
rate to employees, clergy, or others, such reports to list the amounts
charged for such services and the normal charge therefor. For ratemaking,
the reduction in revenue caused by these discounts shall be added
to the other revenues to determine rate of return.
(1995 Code, sec. 20-67)
Costs of facilities, revenues, expenses, taxes, and reserves
shall be separated or allocated as prescribed by the city.
(1995 Code, sec. 20-68)
Every public utility shall keep separate accounts to show all
profits or losses resulting from the sale or lease of appliances,
fixtures, equipment, or other merchandise. No such profit or loss
shall be taken into consideration by the city in arriving at any rate
to be charged for service by any such public utility, to the extent
that such merchandise is not integral to the provision of utility
service.
(1995 Code, sec. 20-69)
The city may require that information furnished by the utility
to the city be supplied under oath by an appropriate official of the
utility as to the correctness, authenticity and as to adherence to
accepted practices or to recognized standards. In regard to a request
by a utility for a change in rates, a city may require that such material
filed in connection therewith that relates to the utility’s
set of books be certified by a certified public accountant, for adherence
to standard and current separations practices recognized by the city.
(1995 Code, sec. 20-71)
All records of every nature of any public utility operating
within and subject to regulation by the city shall be open for inspection
to any designated representative of the city desiring to examine same
for ratemaking purposes, or any other legal purpose. Copies of requested
records shall be promptly provided to any such representative without
cost to the city.
(1995 Code, sec. 20-74)
The city may promulgate reasonable standards for service and
requirements for extension of facilities. Failure to substantially
comply with such standards, considering the revenues and expenses
of such utility, may authorize a lower rate of return being granted
to such utility. Any ordinance establishing or promulgating changes
in rates may provide for increases subject to the meeting of such
standards or making certain extensions of facilities.
(1995 Code, sec. 20-75)
The granting (or refusing to grant) by the city council of any
general rate increase, and the conduct of public hearings upon the
question of the granting of general rate increases, shall be done
or held in accordance with the following rules, procedures, and regulations:
(1) In addition to the notice of intent to file request for a rate increase
required elsewhere, there shall be published in a newspaper of general
circulation published in the city notice of any public hearing conducted
upon the question of granting a general rate increase to a public
utility. Such notice shall comply with the following:
(A) Such notice shall give fair notice of the nature of the proposed
increase, including a comparison of existing rates with the proposed
new rates.
(B) Such notice shall be published one time, not more than 20 days nor
less than 10 days prior to the scheduled date and time of the public
hearing, which date, time and location shall be stated in the notice.
(C) The notice shall be prepared and published by the city secretary,
but the cost of publication shall be paid by the utility concerned.
(D) Such additional notices, if any, required by the provisions of the
Texas Open Meetings Law, shall also be given by the city council,
respecting any public hearing on rate increase requests.
(E) Insofar as consistent with the best interests of the public, the
date and time set for the public hearings so conducted shall be determined
by agreement between the utility and the city, but in cases where
no agreement is reached, the city council shall have final authority
to set the date and time for such hearing or hearings. Unless otherwise
determined, for administrative convenience or necessity, by the city
council, such hearings shall be conducted in the regular meeting palace
of the city council.
(2) The city shall have 120 days after the date of filing of a request
for a general rate increase within which to act on such request, and
either grant the same, deny the same, or grant the same in part. Failure
to act on such rate request within said period of 120 days shall constitute
a denial of the request, unless the period within which such action
is to be taken shall be extended by written consent of the utility,
or by written order of the city council for good cause shown and upon
reasonable notice to the utility that the matter of an extension of
time is to be considered at a regular or special meeting of the city
council.
(3) Good cause for extending the period of time within which the rate
increase request shall be acted upon shall include, but is not limited
to, complexity or magnitude of the evidence, failure of the utility
to proceed promptly with actions required of it hereunder, failure
of the utility to provide promptly such information or reports as
may be required of it hereunder, delays not attributable to the lack
of diligence of either the utility, or the city, or rate specialists,
consultants, engineers, or attorneys for either party, and newly discovered
evidence.
(4) The city shall not be amenable to suit in any court respecting the legality of its existing rates for any utility during any period of time when a request for a general rate increase is pending before the city council under the terms of this article; provided that when the 120-day period provided for in subsection
(2) above has been extended by action of the city council, without the consent of the utility, then the matter of whether such extension was based upon good cause shall be reviewable by the courts. If the courts shall find that good cause for such extension is not shown, then the rate increase request shall be deemed to have been denied and to be no longer pending.
(5) Informal discussions respecting ratemaking matters, either with respect
to such matters generally or with respect to applications for rate
increases then pending before the city council, may be had at any
regular or special meeting of the city council, if such subject has
been properly placed on the agenda and notice thereof given, pursuant
to the Texas Open Meeting Law; but no final action or vote with respect
to any such pending rate increase request shall be had except at a
public hearing where all of the notice provisions hereof shall have
been complied with.
(6) When a “test period,” for statutory rate base, revenues,
expenses, rate of return, and other related criteria for ratemaking
has been determined by the utility and is presented as a part of the
application for a general rate increase, then such “test period”
shall not be changed, nor other or different “test periods”
used, in the public hearings, nor in any judicial review or judicial
proceeding of any kind respecting the action of the city council on
such application. Any attempt or effort on the part of a utility to
change the “test period” involved shall be deemed to be
a new application for rate increase, and such new application shall
be subject for rate increase, and such new application shall be subject
to all of the requirements of this article respecting filing, notice,
and hearing.
(7) There may be one or more “public hearings” conducted
hereunder with respect to any one application for a rate increase,
but each such “public hearing” shall be made to conform
to all of the notice requirements and other procedures provided hereby.
(8) The city council, acting by and through a quorum thereof duly constituted
and assembled, may conduct any or all public hearings required hereby;
or, if the city council shall so elect, it may constitute any three
(3) of its members to sit as a body of hearing examiners, to conduct
such public hearings. If such 3-member body of hearing examiners shall
be so designated, it shall have all of the powers and authority delegable
by law to it in such circumstances, including the power to subpoena
and swear witnesses, punish for contempt, and otherwise act in the
reception and recordation of evidence; but no final action of the
city council, granting or denying the requested rate increase, either
in whole or in part, shall be made except in a public hearing before
the city council itself.
(9) All testimony at such public hearings shall be under oath and all
exhibits or documentary evidence introduced at such hearings shall
be supported by sworn testimony. For this purpose, oaths may be administered
by appropriate parties conducting hearings.
(10) A full and complete record of all oral and written testimony produced
at each such public hearing, including documentary testimony, shall
be made, kept, and preserved at the cost and expense of the utility.
(11) If, prior to the final public hearing at which the city council makes its final determination on the application for rate increase, there shall have been conducted one or more prior public hearings on such application by hearing examiners appointed and acting pursuant to subsection
(8) above, then a full and complete record of such prior hearings, together with the written recommendations of such hearing examiners, shall be presented and considered by the city council when it conducts its final public hearings on said application. In such latter case, the city council need not conduct further hearings but may act on the basis of such report, recommendation and record together with any written argument which any citizen, the utility, utility representative, designated city staff member, or auditor, attorney or consultant engaged by the city may wish to file (within such period of time as the city council may specifically provide in the proceeding before it) in response to such report, recommendation and record.
(12) Upon the conclusion of final public hearings on any such rate application
(including the receipt of written arguments, as above provided), the
city council shall take final action thereon by either: (i) denying
the applications in full; or (ii) granting the application, in whole
or in part, by the enactment of an amendment to the previously existing
rate ordinance. Such action of the city council shall provide for
an effective date of any rate revisions, may require an unqualified
acceptance by the utility within a stipulated period as a condition
precedent to any rate revisions therein becoming effective, and may
provide for a moratorium of twelve months from the date of such action
before the next application for a general rate increase within such
municipality may be filed by such utility.
(13) The city council may, by ordinance of general application, or by
order pertaining to a specific matter pending before it, specify procedures,
rules of procedure, rules or guidelines pertaining to extent and nature
of presentations or order of proceeding, and extent of cross-examination;
provided, that all such rules, regulations, and procedures shall conform
to the requirements of due process of law and shall be designed to
effect substantial justice to the utility and its consumers or customers.
(1995 Code, sec. 20-77)
The city shall have the right to select and engage rate consultants,
accountants, auditors, attorneys, engineers, or any combination thereof,
to conduct investigations, present evidence, advise and represent
the governing body, and assist with litigation on public utility ratemaking
proceedings; and the public utility engaged in such proceedings shall
be required to reimburse the governing body for the reasonable costs
of such services.
(1995 Code, sec. 20-78)