In accordance with Sections 13.32.485 through 13.32.525 of this chapter, no person shall construct, extend or connect to any public sewer without first obtaining a written encroachment permit. The provisions of this section requiring permits shall not be construed to apply to contractors constructing sewers and appurtenances under contracts awarded and entered into by the City. Permits for constructing sewers in connection with approved plans for new subdivisions shall not be required.
(Ord. 249 § 501, 1979; Ord. 559 § 1, 2017)
The application for a permit for public sewer construction shall be accompanied by complete plans, profiles and specifications, complying with all applicable ordinances, rules and regulations of the City, prepared by a registered civil engineer showing all details of the proposed work based on an accurate survey of the ground, except that such plans, profiles and specifications for minor construction such as lateral sewer connections, at the discretion of the Director, may not be required. The application, together with the plans, profiles, specifications, and design calculations, when required, shall be examined by the City Engineer, who shall approve them as filed or require them to be modified as deemed necessary for proper installation. When the City Engineer is satisfied that the proposed work is proper and the plans, profiles and specifications are sufficient and correct, except as otherwise provided in this chapter, the Director shall issue an encroachment permit predicated upon the payment of all connection charges, fees and furnishing bonds, if required by the City. The permit shall prescribe such terms and conditions as the Director finds necessary in the public interest.
(Ord. 249 § 502, 1979; Ord. 559 § 1, 2017)
No two adjacent buildings fronting on the same street shall be permitted to join in the use of the same side sewer. Every building or industrial facility shall be separately connected with a public sewer if such public sewer exists in the street upon which the property abuts or in an easement which will serve such property. However, one or more buildings located on property belonging to the same owner may be served with the same side sewer during the period of such ownership. Upon the subsequent subdivision and sale of a portion of such lot, the portion not directly connected to such public sewer shall be separately connected to a public sewer, and it is unlawful for the owner thereof to continue to use or maintain such indirect connection.
(Ord. 249 § 503, 1979; Ord. 559 § 1, 2017)
If any building sewer is too low to permit gravity flow to the public sewer, the sanitary sewage carried by such building sewer shall be lifted by artificial means, approved by the Director, and discharged to the public sewer at the expense of the owner.
(Ord. 249 § 504, 1979; Ord. 559 § 1, 2017)
The connection of new public sewers to existing public sewers shall be made as shown on approved construction plans and as approved by the Director. The connection of new lateral sewers to existing public sewers shall be made by the City as set forth in Section 13.32.145.
(Ord. 249 § 505, 1979; Ord. 559 § 1, 2017)
In the event that an easement is required for the extension of the public sewer or the making of connections, the applicant shall procure and have accepted by the City an easement or grant of right-of-way sufficient in law to allow the laying and maintenance of such extension or connection and of a width acceptable to the Director.
(Ord. 249 § 506, 1979; Ord. 559 § 1, 2017)
Grade and line stakes shall be set by a licensed surveyor or registered civil engineer prior to the start of work on any public sewer construction. The contractor shall be responsible for accurately transferring grades to grade bars and sewer invert.
(Ord. 249 § 507, 1979; Ord. 559 § 1, 2017)
The applicant shall maintain such barriers, lights and signs as are necessary to give warning to the public at all times that a sewer is under construction and of each dangerous condition to be encountered as a result thereof. He or she shall also likewise protect the public in the use of the sidewalk against any such conditions in connection with the construction of the sewer. Streets, sidewalks, parkways and other property disturbed in the course of the work shall be reinstalled in a manner satisfactory to the City or any other person having jurisdiction thereover.
(Ord. 249 § 508, 1979; Ord. 559 § 1, 2017)
Minimum standards for the design and construction of sewers within the City shall be in accordance with Sections 13.32.190 through 13.32.360, the applicable portions of the subdivision ordinance of the City and the "Standard Details of the City of Live Oak," heretofore or hereafter adopted by the City, copies of which are on file within the City. The City may permit modification or may require higher standards where unusual conditions are encountered.
(Ord. 249 § 509, 1979; Ord. 559 § 1, 2017)
Before the acceptance of any public sewer line by the City and prior to the admission of any sewage into the system, the sewer line shall be tested and shall be complete in full compliance with all requirements of the City and to the satisfaction of the City Engineer. If the work of constructing public sewage facilities is not completed within the time limit specified in the permit, the City may extend said time limit or may complete the work and take appropriate steps to enforce the provisions of the improvement security furnished by the permittee pursuant to this chapter.
(Ord. 249 § 510, 1979; Ord. 559 § 1, 2017)
No person shall construct, extend, or connect to any public sewer without first obtaining a written permit from the City and paying all the fees and connection charges and furnishing the bonds as required therein. The provisions of this section requiring permits shall not be construed to apply to contractors constructing sewers and appurtenances under contracts awarded and entered into by the City.
(Ord. 249 § 511, 1979; Ord. 559 § 1, 2017)
The requirements of this chapter shall be fully complied with before any final subdivision map shall be approved by the City. The final subdivision map shall provide for the dedication for public use of streets, easements, or rights-of-way in which public sewer lines are to be constructed.
(Ord. 249 § 513, 1979; Ord. 559 § 1, 2017)
In the event an easement is required for the extension of the public sewer or the making of connections, the applicant shall procure and have accepted by the City a proper easement or grant of right-of-way having a minimum width sufficient to allow the laying and maintenance of such extension or connection.
(Ord. 249 § 514, 1979; Ord. 559 § 1, 2017)
Only properly licensed contractors shall be authorized to perform the work of public sewer construction under contract within the City. All terms and conditions of the permit issued by the City to the applicant shall be binding on the contractor. The requirements of this section shall apply to side sewers installed concurrently with public sewer construction.
(Ord. 249 § 515, 1979; Ord. 559 § 1, 2017)
Any person constructing a sewer within a street shall comply with all State, County, or City laws, ordinances, rules, and regulations pertaining to the cutting of pavement, the opening, barricading, lighting, and protecting of trenches and the backfilling and repaving thereof and shall obtain all permits and pay all fees required by the department having jurisdiction prior to the issuance of a permit by the City.
(Ord. 249 § 516, 1979; Ord. 559 § 1, 2017)
As a condition of final acceptance by the City, copies of as-built drawings showing the actual locations of all mains, structures, wyes, laterals, and other changes to the construction drawings shall be filed with the City. As-built drawings shall be drawn to scale, shall be on a permanent reproducible medium and shall be of a standard City sheet size.
(Ord. 249 § 517, 1979; Ord. 559 § 1, 2017)
Design calculations submitted for City review shall be in a neat, acceptable form and shall indicate the date and the signature of the supervising engineer and his or her State registration number. Design calculations will be required for all subdivision sewers with a total ultimate tributary area of 50 acres or more or where, in the judgment of the Director, they are necessary.
(Ord. 249 § 518, 1979; Ord. 559 § 1, 2017)
Design calculations when required for sewers and pipelines shall be presented in tabular form and shall include the following information for each section of sewer: the terminal manhole designation, ground elevations at the terminal manholes, incremental and cumulative tributary areas, incremental and cumulative tributary population, incremental average and maximum domestic sewage flow, incremental infiltration allowance, cumulative design flow, invert elevations or terminal manholes, length of sewer run, and sewer size, slope, capacity, and velocity.
(Ord. 249 § 519, 1979; Ord. 559 § 1, 2017)
Design calculations for pumping stations shall include soils data, structural design calculations, hydraulic calculations, including the basis for average and peak flows, calculations for wet well volumes, curves indicating force main characteristics, and individual and combined pump head capacity curves.
(Ord. 249 § 520, 1979; Ord. 559 § 1, 2017)
The average dry weather per capita domestic flow is taken as 100 gallons per day. The following average daily flows shall be used if, in the opinion of the Director, population cannot be estimated:
Zone
CFS/Acre
Gallon/Acre/Day
R-1
0.002
1,300
R-2
0.006
3,900
R-3 and R-4
0.009
5,800
Commercial
0.004
2,600
(Ord. 249 § 521, 1979; Ord. 559 § 1, 2017)
A. 
Minimum Size. The minimum diameter for sewer mains shall be eight inches, except as approved by the City Engineer.
B. 
Gradient. Sanitary sewer main grader should be designed to provide a minimum velocity of two feet per second when flowing full. The following table indicates the slopes which will provide that velocity, and these shall be used as the standard for design. Recognizing that occasionally it is difficult to maintain these grades, we have also listed the minimum acceptable slope. These shall be used only when topographic features preclude the use of standard slopes.
Diameter (in inches)
Slope in Percent
Standard
Minimum Acceptable
6
0.5
0.35
8
0.35
0.25
10
0.25
0.15
12
0.2
0.12
15
0.15
0.08
18
0.12
0.06
1. 
Sewer lateral gradients shall be in accordance with the plumbing code.
2. 
Wherever a change in the size of the pipe, or an angle of 20° or greater in alignment occurs, the flowline of the pipe flowing into the manhole shall be a minimum of 0.17 feet above the flowline of the pipe flowing from the manhole, or an amount necessary to match the inside crowns of the pipe, whichever is greater, if in the opinion of the City Engineer sufficient total gradient is available for construction.
C. 
Location and Alignment. All sanitary sewers designed for the collection and transportation of domestic sewage and/or industrial wastes shall be constructed and installed within rights-of-way dedicated for public streets or roads, unless such construction or installation is determined to be impractical by the City Engineer.
Whenever it is essential that curved alignment be used, a radius of not less than 400 feet shall be required, but shall be greater whenever possible. The location and installation requirements for any sanitary sewer to be installed in an existing street or road shall be obtained from the Director prior to submission of the plans.
D. 
Minimum Depth of Sewers. The minimum depth of cover for any public sewer shall be three feet. If it is impossible to obtain the specified minimum depth, the sewer shall be encased in concrete, or other acceptable protective measures shall be taken. For sewer services, the minimum depth of cover shall be three feet at the property line. Where the minimum depths of cover set forth in this subsection are impossible to obtain, concrete encased pipe or other suitable protection shall be required.
(Ord. 249 § 522, 1979; Ord. 559 § 1, 2017)
For main or lateral sewers installed on steep slopes, special design features may be required. Depending upon conditions of the specific installation, such items as underdrains, check dams, special anchorage, or special pipe material may be required. Based upon the data supplies, the Director will assess each case and recommend certain special requirements.
(Ord. 249 § 523, 1979; Ord. 559 § 1, 2017)
Manholes shall conform to the "Standard Details of the City of Live Oak." Manholes shall be watertight structures. Normal maximum spacing for manholes shall be 400 feet or less. Where the location of two manholes are determined by intersecting lines, the distances between intervening manholes shall be approximately equal. Sewers on curve alignment with a radius of less than 400 feet shall have manholes spaced at a maximum of 300 feet, or adjusted to fit the individual case.
A drop connection shall be constructed whenever any sewer enters a manhole more than two feet above the flowline of the manhole.
(Ord. 249 § 524, 1979; Ord. 559 § 1, 2017)
Flusher branches may be used in lieu of a manhole only when specifically permitted by the Director. In general, sewer stub lines of relatively short lengths which may be extended in future construction operations and lines extended into cul-de-sacs and dead-end streets may be terminated with a flusher branch. Flusher branches risers shall be constructed on firm, undisturbed soil and not in backfilled material.
(Ord. 249 § 525, 1979; Ord. 559 § 1, 2017)
Force mains shall be designed using a Williams and Hazen coefficient or roughness "C" of 100.
(Ord. 249 § 528, 1979; Ord. 559 § 1, 2017)
Pumping station designs vary according to the location and nature of flows. Each specific design shall be in general accordance with similar designs of existing pumping stations. The design parameters shall be thoroughly reviewed with the Director prior to commencing with the detailed design. The Director shall be the sole judge as to all design features for pumping stations.
(Ord. 249 § 529, 1979; Ord. 559 § 1, 2017)
The construction of sanitary sewers and related facilities shall be in accordance with the latest edition of the "Standard Details of the City of Live Oak."
A. 
Ratio of Peak to Average Flow. The ratio of peak to average dry weather sewage flow is a function of the tributary area, and the following tabulated values shall be used:
Tributary Area
Ratio of Peak to Average Sewage Flow
0 – 100 acres
3.0
100 – 300 acres
2.5
B. 
Industrial Sewage Flow. Sewage flow for industrial areas shall be determined by the proposed type of industry. If the type of industry is unknown, design values shall be 0.005 CFS per acre average flow and 0.015 per acre peak flow.
C. 
Infiltration and Stormwater Inflow. An allowance shall be made for infiltration in an amount approved by the Director.
(Ord. 249 § 530, 1979; Ord. 559 § 1, 2017)
On all new subdivision work, the lateral sewer lines from the main sewer to the property line shall be installed and capped if necessary at the time the sewer is constructed. Each lateral sewer line shall be referenced to the plan stationing, and the terminal end marked with a two-inch by two-inch by 24-inch redwood stake painted white if the subdivision does not have curbs. If the subdivision has curbs and gutters, the location of each sewer lateral shall be indicated on the face of the curb by a capital letter "S" indented into the concrete face of the curb. The letter shall be placed on the curb by using a stamping tool. The position of the letter shall be uniformly placed at each location and the letter shall be approximately two inches in height. The style and depth of the indented portion of the letter shall be approved by the Director.
(Ord. 249 § 531, 1979; Ord. 559 § 1, 2017)
All gravity sanitary sewer lines shall be clay pipe and fittings and/or cast iron pipe and fittings.
Vitrified clay pipe and fittings shall conform to and meet all the requirements for Clay Sewer Pipe ASTM C700 and shall be bell and spigot pipe with compression type joints conforming to ASTM C425 unless otherwise approved.
Force main pipe shall be cast iron pipe or asbestos cement pipe in full flowing force mains of the size and type approved by the City Engineer.
(Ord. 249 § 532, 1979; Ord. 559 § 1, 2017)
A. 
Lines and Grades. All lines and grades will be given by the City Engineer and the Director shall be informed 24 hours in advance of the time and places at which work is to be done in order that lines and grades may be inspected. All stakes and marks once placed shall be fully protected and preserved. Flow line elevations shall be established at all changes in grade and at a minimum of 50-foot intervals.
B. 
Excavation. Trenches shall be excavated to three inches below flow line or one inch below outside diameter of bell, whichever is greater. Under cutting to be filled with clean sand or pea gravel unless trench material is granular or sandy. The Director is to be the sole judge of the suitability of the material. When the trench is in an existing paved area, the pavement is to be cut accurately with proper tools and equipment of required width for trench. Whenever the bottom of the trench is soft, yielding or unsuitable as a foundation for pipe, sufficient crushed rock or clean gravel is to be tamped into the soft material.
1. 
Whenever water is encountered all trenches shall be kept dry until the placing of the bedding materials has been completed, inspected and approved.
2. 
Whenever the bottom of the trench is in rocky material, the trench shall be excavated to six inches below flowline and backfilled to grade with crushed and graded rock of three-fourths inch maximum size, or approved granular material.
C. 
Bracing and Shoring. As required by the Trench Construction Safety Orders of the California State Division of Industrial Safety, sufficient bracing and shoring shall be installed in trenches to insure the safety of workmen, and to protect and facilitate the work.
D. 
Pipe Laying. Sewer pipe shall be laid to the line and grade established by the City Engineer by measuring down to the flowline of each joint as it is laid from an overhead string line supported by the batter boards at each point which has been set by the City Engineer. The string line shall be set and maintained by the contractor by measuring from three consecutive points shown on the same rate of grade or slope, in order to detect any variation from a straight grade, and in case any such discrepancy exists, it must be reported to the City Engineer. If such discrepancy is not reported to the City Engineer, the contractor shall be responsible for any error in the finished work.
1. 
Pipe shall be laid continuously upgrade with the bell of the pipe upstream. Each length of pipe shall be laid on a firm bed and shall have a true bearing for the entire length between bell holes. No wedging or blocking up of the pipe will be permitted. Pipe found to be damaged must be replaced by new sections. Repair clamps will not be allowed.
2. 
Both bell and spigot shall be clean before the joint is made and care shall be taken that nothing but the joint making material enters the joints. When for any reason, pipe laying is discontinued for an hour or more, the open end of all lines shall be closed with a close-fitting stopper.
E. 
Trench Backfill. Material compaction and placement of trench backfill shall conform to Section 19 of the Standard Specifications of the Department of Transportation of the State of California except as otherwise permitted by the Director.
F. 
Bedding. Selected backfill material, approved by the Director and meeting the minimum standards listed below, shall be deposited and compacted in the trench uniformly on both sides of the pipe for the full width of the trench and to a depth of six inches over the top of the pipe.
G. 
Backfill Material. Trench backfill material and construction shall conform to the requirements of structure backfill material as set forth in Section 19 of the California Standard Specifications unless otherwise approved by the Director.
(Ord. 249 § 533, 1979; Ord. 559 § 1, 2017)
After sewer lines have been backfilled to a depth where additional backfilling will not disturb the position of the pipe and before placing permanent surfacing, all or any sections that the Director may select shall be hydrostatically tested, except as specified in this chapter. In no case shall the required minimum compacted backfill be less than three feet above the top of the pipe before subjecting the line to the test. Service laterals shall be considered part of main for purposes of leakage testing. Any individually detectable leaks shall be repaired regardless of the results of testing. The permittee shall furnish all labor, tools, material and equipment for testing.
A. 
Exfiltration Test.
1. 
A section of sewer line shall be prepared for testing by plugging the upstream side of a downstream manhole and all openings in the upstream manhole except the downstream opening. Where grades are slight, two or more sections between manholes may be tested at one time. Where grades are steep, and excessive test heads would be developed by testing from one manhole to another, test tees the full size of the main shall be installed at intermediate points so that the maximum head on any section under test will not exceed 12 feet. A section of sewer line prepared as herein described shall be tested by filling the water to an elevation of five feet above the top of the pipe at the upstream end of the test section or five feet above the existing groundwater elevation, which ever is greater.
2. 
Water shall be introduced into the test section a minimum of four hours in advance of the test period to allow for saturation. The pipe line being tested shall then be refilled to the original water level.
3. 
At the beginning of the test, the elevation of the water in the upper manhole shall be carefully measured from a point on the manhole rim. After a period of four hours or less, with the approval of the Director, the water elevation shall be measured from the same point of the manhole rim and the loss of water during this test period calculated. If this calculation shows a decrease, enough water shall be measured into the upper manhole to restore the water to the level existing at the beginning of the test and the amount added be taken as the total leakage.
4. 
Should an initial test show excessive leakage in a section of line, it is permissible to test the individual manholes separately. This test shall be made by plugging all the openings in the man hole and filling with water to the same elevation as existed during the test. The leakage from the manhole may be deducted from the total leakage of the test section in arriving at the test leakage.
5. 
After testing is completed, the manholes shall be waterproofed by grouting and/or other approved waterproofing methods otherwise satisfactory to the Director. The allowable leakage in the test section shall, under no circumstances, exceed 100 gallons per mile per day per inch of diameter of pipe tested at the specified five-foot test head. If it is necessary or desirable to increase the test head above five feet, the allowable leakage will be increased to the rate of 80 gallons for each foot of increase in head. Test sections showing leakage in excess of that allowed shall be repaired or reconstructed as necessary to reduce the leakage to within specified limits and the line shall be again tested in accordance with the above procedure.
B. 
Infiltration Test.
1. 
Should the presence of groundwater, in the opinion of the Director, cause the exfiltration test to be nonconclusive, the contractor shall conduct an infiltration test by plugging to a watertight condition a section of any line. A suitable measuring device shall be employed at the lower end of a section to measure the amount of water flowing through the device during a specified period of time. This leakage shall not exceed 100 gallons per mile per day per inch of diameter of pipe tested.
2. 
All service lines to individual services shall be considered as part of the lines to be tested. Trapped air shall be released from lines being tested. Test sections showing leakage in excess of that allowed by these specifications shall be repaired or reconstructed as necessary to reduce the leakage to allowable limits as specified in this chapter.
3. 
The use of repair clamps shall not be allowed on new construction.
C. 
Air Testing. Should the permittee so elect, he or she may request the Director to permit air testing. The Director may then approve or disapprove air testing.
(Ord. 249 § 534, 1979; Ord. 559 § 1, 2017)
Manholes shall conform to the "Standard Details of the City of Live Oak." Manholes shall be watertight structures and shall not be subject to infiltration at maximum heads.
(Ord. 249 § 535, 1979; Ord. 559 § 1, 2017)
A. 
All Work to Be Inspected. All sewer construction work shall be inspected by an inspector acting for the City to insure compliance with all the requirements of the City. No sewer shall be covered at any point until it has been inspected and passed for acceptance. No sewer shall be connected to the City's public sewer until the work covered by the permit has been completed, inspected, and approved by the inspector. If the test proves satisfactory and the sewer has been cleaned of all debris accumulated from construction operations, the Director shall issue a certificate of satisfactory completion.
B. 
Time Limits on Permits. If work under a permit is not commenced within six months after the date of the issuance of the permit, or if, after partial completion, the work is discontinued for a period of one year, the permit shall thereupon become void, and no further work shall be done until a new permit shall have been secured. A new fee shall be paid upon the issuance of such new permit.
C. 
Notification. It shall be the duty of the person doing the work authorized by the permit to notify the Public Works Department that such work is ready for inspection. It shall be the duty of the person doing the work to make sure that the work will stand the tests required by the City before giving such notification.
D. 
Condemned Work. When any work has been inspected and the work condemned and no certification of satisfactory completion given, a written notice to that effect shall be given instructing the owner of the premises, or the agent of such owner, to repair the sewer or other work authorized by the permit in accordance with the laws, rules, and regulations of the City.
E. 
All Costs Paid by Owners. All costs and expenses incident to the installation and connection of any sewer or other work for which an encroachment permit has been issued shall be borne by the owner. The owner shall indemnify the City from any loss or damage that may directly or indirectly be occasioned by the work.
F. 
Street Excavation Permits. A separate encroachment permit shall be secured from the City by owners or contractors intending to excavate in a public street for the purpose of installing public sewers.
G. 
Liability. The City and its officers, agents, and employees shall not be answerable for any liability or injury or death to any person or damage to any property arising during or growing out of the performance of any work by such applicant. The applicant shall be answerable for, and shall save the City and its officers, agents, and employees harmless from, any liability imposed by law upon the City or its officers, agents, or employees, including all costs, expenses, fees, and interest incurred in defending the same or in seeking to enforce this provision. The applicant shall be solely liable for any defects in the performance of his or her work or any failure which may develop therein.
(Ord. 249 § 536, 1979; Ord. 559 § 1, 2017)
All work shall be unconditionally guaranteed by the permittee against defects for one year from the date of completion.
If within the guarantee period, repairs are required in connection with the work which, in the opinion of the Director, is necessary as the result of the use of materials, equipment, or workmanship which are inferior, defective, or otherwise not in accordance with the terms of the permit, the permittee shall, promptly upon receipt of notice from the City, and without expense to the City, place in satisfactory condition in every particular, all work correcting all defects therein; make good all damage to structures, the site, plantings, or work disturbed in fulfilling the guarantee. Defects to be corrected by the permittee shall include, but are not limited to, broken or damaged pipe, infiltration or exfiltration, offset pipe joints, variations from the planned line and grade which in the opinion of the City affect the serviceability or maintenance of the system. Subsidence of surfaced and unsurfaced sewer line trench backfill shall be considered as a defect in workmanship. Correction of any such defects will be made by the permittee at no cost to the City.
(Ord. 249 § 537, 1979; Ord. 559 § 1, 2017)