No person shall drive or move nor shall the
owner cause or knowingly permit to be driven or moved on any highway
any vehicle or combination of vehicles which is in such unsafe condition
as to endanger any person or which does not contain those parts or
is not at all times equipped with such lamps and other lighting equipment
in proper condition and adjustment as required in this article or
which is equipped in any manner in violation of this article or for
any person to do any act forbidden or fail to perform any act required
under this article; provided, however, that nothing contained in this
article shall be construed to prohibit the use of additional parts
and accessories on any vehicle not inconsistent with the provisions
of this article.
Except as otherwise specifically required, the
provisions of this article with respect to lighting equipment on vehicles
shall not apply to implements of husbandry, road machinery, road rollers
or farm tractors.
Every vehicle upon a street within the City
during the period from 1/2 hour after sunset to 1/2 hour before sunrise
and at any other time when there is not sufficient light to render
clearly discernible any person or vehicle on the highway at a distance
of 500 feet ahead shall display such lighted lamps and illuminating
devices as are in this article respectively required for different
classes of vehicles, subject to exceptions with respect to lights
on parked vehicles.
Unless otherwise expressly stated, the requirement for the distance from which certain lamps and lighting devices shall render objects visible or within which such lamps or lighting devices shall be visible shall apply during the times stated in § 92-157 and in respect to a vehicle without load when upon a straight, level, unlighted highway under normal atmospheric conditions.
The requirement as to the height of mounted
lamps or lighting devices shall be measured from the center of such
lamps or lighting devices to the level ground upon which the vehicle
stands when the vehicle is without a load.
A.
Motor vehicles. Every motor vehicle, trailer, semitrailer
and pole motor-driven cycle shall be equipped with at least two headlamps
with at least one on each side of the front of the motor vehicle,
which headlamps shall comply with the requirements and limitations
set forth in this article.
B.
Motorcycles. Every motorcycle and every motor-driven
cycle shall be equipped with at least one and not more than two headlamps
which shall comply with the requirements and limitations set forth
in this article.
A.
Required on vehicles. Every motor vehicle, trailer,
semitrailer and pole trailer, and any other vehicle which is being
drawn at the end of one or more other vehicles, shall be equipped
with at least one tail lamp, mounted on the rear, which, when lighted
as required by this article, shall emit a red light plainly visible
from a distance of 500 feet to the rear, provided that, in the case
of a train of vehicles, only the tail lamp on the rearmost vehicle
need actually be seen from the distance specified. Every such above-mentioned
vehicle, other than a truck tractor, registered in this state and
manufactured or assembled after July 1, 1956, shall be equipped with
at least two tail lamps mounted on the rear which, when lighted as
required, shall comply with the provisions of this section.
B.
Height measurement. Every tail lamp upon every vehicle
shall be located at a height of not more than 72 inches nor less than
20 inches.
C.
License plate lamps. Either a tail lamp or a separate
lamp shall be so constructed and placed as to illuminate with a white
light the rear registration plate and render it clearly legible from
a distance of 50 feet to the rear. Any tail lamp or tail lamps, together
with any separate lamp for illuminating the rear registration plate,
shall be so wired as to be lighted whenever the headlamps or auxiliary
driving lamps are lighted.
A.
New vehicles. Every new motor vehicle hereafter sold and operated upon a street other than a truck tractor shall carry on the rear, either as a part of the tail lamps or separately, two red reflectors, except that every motorcycle and every motor-driven cycle shall carry at least one reflector and except as otherwise required for the vehicles mentioned in § 92-179.
B.
Specifications. Every such reflector required shall be mounted on the vehicle at a height not less than 20 inches nor more than 60 inches measured as set forth in § 92-159 and shall be of such size and characteristics and so mounted as to be visible at night from all distances within 350 feet to 100 feet from such vehicle when directly in front of lawful upper beams of headlamps.
A.
Required on new vehicles. All new vehicles licensed
in this state and operated within the City must be equipped with directional
signal lights.
B.
Specifications for signal lamps. Any motor vehicle may be equipped and when required under this article shall be equipped with lamps or mechanical signal devices showing to the front and rear for the purpose of indicating an intention to turn either to the right or left. When lamps are used for such purpose, the lamps showing to the front shall be located on the same level and as widely spaced laterally as practicable and, when in use, shall display a red or amber light or any shade of color between red and amber, provided that no such signal lamp shall project a glaring light, visible from a distance of not less than 100 feet to the rear in normal sunlight. When actuated, such lamps shall indicate the intended direction of turning by flashing the lights showing to the front and rear on the side toward which turn is made. Where mechanical signal devices are used for such purpose, said devices shall be self-illuminated when in use at the time mentioned in § 92-157.
A.
Required on new motor vehicles. It shall be unlawful
for any person to sell any new motor vehicle, including any motorcycle
or motor-driven cycle, in the City or for any person to drive such
vehicle on the streets unless such vehicle shall be equipped with
at least one stop lamp.
B.
Specifications for stop lamps. Any motor vehicle may
be equipped and when required under this article shall be equipped
with a stop lamp or lamps on the rear of the vehicle which shall display
a red or amber light or any shade of color between red and amber,
provided that no such stop lamp shall project a glaring light, visible
from a distance of not less than 100 feet to the rear in normal sunlight,
and which shall be actuated upon application of the service (foot)
brake and which may, but need not be, incorporated with one or more
other rear lamps.
Any motor vehicle may be equipped with not more
than two side cowl or fender lamps which shall emit an amber or white
light without glare.
Any motor vehicle may be equipped with not more
than one running board courtesy lamp on each side thereof which shall
emit a white or amber light without glare.
Any motor vehicle may be equipped with not more
than two backup lamps, either separately or in combination with other
lamps, but any such backup lamp shall not be lighted when the motor
vehicle is in forward motion.
Any vehicle may be equipped with lamps which
may be used to warn the operators of other vehicles of the presence
of a vehicular traffic hazard requiring the exercise of unusual care
in approaching, overtaking or passing and may display such warning
in addition to any other warning signals required by this article.
The lamps used to display such warning to the front shall be mounted
at the same level and as widely spaced laterally as practicable and
shall display simultaneously flashing white or amber lights or any
shade of color between white and amber. The lamps used to display
such warning to the rear shall be mounted at the same level and as
widely spaced laterally as practicable and shall show simultaneously
flashing amber or red lights or any shade of color between amber and
red. These warning lights shall be visible from a distance of not
less than 500 feet under normal atmospheric conditions at night.
Any motor vehicle may be equipped with not to
exceed two spot lamps, and every lighted spot lamp shall be so aimed
and used upon approaching another vehicle that no part of the high
intensity portion of the beam will be directed to the left of the
prolongation of the extreme left side of the vehicle nor more than
100 feet ahead of the vehicle.
Any motor vehicle may be equipped with not to exceed two fog lamps mounted on the front at a height not less than 12 inches not more than 30 inches above the level surface upon which the vehicle stands and so aimed that when the vehicle is not loaded, none of the high-intensity portion of the light to the left of the center of the vehicle shall be at a distance of 25 feet ahead or project higher than a level of four inches below the level of the center of the lamp from which it comes. Lighted fog lamps meeting the above requirements may be used with lower headlamp beams as specified in § 92-172.
Any motor vehicle may be equipped with not to
exceed one auxiliary passing lamp mounted on the front at a height
not less than 24 inches nor more than 42 inches above the level surface
upon which the vehicle stands.
Any motor vehicle may be equipped with not to
exceed one auxiliary driving lamp mounted on the front at a height
not less than 16 inches nor more than 42 inches above the level surface
upon which the vehicle stands.
Except as hereinafter provided, the headlamps
or the auxiliary driving lamps or the auxiliary passing lamp or combination
thereof on motor vehicles other than motorcycles or motor-driven cycles
shall be so arranged that the driver may select at will between distributions
of light projected to different elevations, and such lamps may, in
addition, be so arranged that such selection can be made automatically,
subject to the following limitations:
A.
There shall be an uppermost distribution of light
or composite beam so aimed and of such intensity as to reveal persons
and vehicles at a distance of at least 350 feet ahead for all conditions
of loading.
B.
There shall be a lowermost distribution of light or
composite beam so aimed and of sufficient intensity to reveal persons
and vehicles at a distance of at least 100 feet ahead. On a straight
level road, under any condition of loading, none of the high-intensity
portion of the beam shall be directed to strike the eyes of the approaching
driver.
C.
Every new motor vehicle, other than a motorcycle or
motor-driven cycle, registered in this state after January 1, 1956,
which has multiple-beam road-lighting equipment, shall be equipped
with a beam indicator which shall be lighted whenever the uppermost
distribution of light from the headlamps is in use and shall not otherwise
be lighted. Said indicator shall be so designed and located that,
when lighted, it will be readily visible without glare to the driver
of the vehicle.
Whenever a motor vehicle is being operated on a roadway or shoulder adjacent thereto during the times specified in § 92-157, the driver shall use a distribution of light or composite beam directed high enough and of sufficient intensity to reveal persons and vehicles at a safe distance in advance of the vehicle, subject to the following requirements and limitations:
A.
Whenever a driver of a vehicle approaches an oncoming vehicle within 500 feet, such driver shall use a distribution of light or composite beam so aimed that the glaring rays are not projected into the eyes of the oncoming driver. The lowermost distribution of light or composite beam specified in § 92-173 shall be deemed to avoid glare at all times, regardless of road contour and loading.
The headlamp or headlamps upon every motor-driven
cycle may be of the single-beam type, but in either event shall comply
with the requirements and limitations as follows:
A.
Intensity of headlamp. Every said headlamp or headlamps
on a motor-driven cycle shall be of sufficient intensity to reveal
a person or a vehicle at a distance of not less than 100 feet when
the motor-driven cycle is operated at any speed less than 25 miles
per hour and at a distance of not less than 300 feet when the motor-driven
cycle is operated at a speed of 35 or more miles per hour.
B.
Multiple-beam lamps. In the event that the motor-driven cycle is equipped with a multiple-beam lamp or headlamps, the upper beam shall meet the minimum requirements set forth in Subsection A of this section and shall not exceed the limitations set forth in § 92-174, and the lowermost beam shall meet the requirements applicable to a lowermost distribution of light as set forth in § 92-174.
C.
Single-beam lamps. In the event that the motor-driven
cycle is equipped with a single-beam lamp or lamps, said lamps shall
be so aimed that when the vehicle is loaded, none of the high-intensity
portion of light, at a distance of 25 feet ahead, shall project higher
than the level of the center of the lamp from which it comes.
A.
Whenever a motor vehicle equipped with headlamps as
required in this article is also equipped with any auxiliary lamps
or a spot lamp or any other lamp on the front thereof projecting a
beam of intensity greater than 300 candlepower, not more than a total
of all of any such lamps on the front of a vehicle shall be lighted
at any one time when upon a street.
B.
Any lighted lamp or illuminating device upon a motor
vehicle, other than headlamps, spot lamps, auxiliary lamps, flashing
turn signals, emergency vehicle warning lamps and school bus warning
lamps, which projects a beam of light of any intensity greater than
300 candlepower shall be so directed that no part of the high-intensity
portion of the beam will strike the level of the roadway on which
the vehicle stands at a distance of more than 75 feet from the vehicle.
[Added 7-21-2008 by Ord. No. 0708-02]
A person may not use on any motor vehicle or
trailer any light, lamp or reflector that tends to change the original
design or performance of the motor vehicle or trailer, unless the
light, lamp or reflector is of a type that has been approved by the
Department of Motor Vehicles and is mounted, adjusted and aimed in
accordance with regulations adopted by the Department of Motor Vehicles.
[Added 7-21-2008 by Ord. No. 0708-02]
All lighting devices and reflectors mounted
on the rear of any vehicle shall display or reflect a red color, except
the stoplight or other signal device, which may be red, amber or yellow,
and except that the light illuminating the license plate shall be
white and the light emitted by a backup lamp shall be white or amber.
Except as otherwise expressly authorized or
required by this article, it shall be unlawful for any person to drive
or move any vehicle or equipment upon any highway with any lamp or
device thereon displaying a red light visible from directly in front
of the center of such vehicle or equipment.
Flashing lights are prohibited except on an
authorized emergency vehicle, school bus, snow removal equipment or
on any vehicle as a means of indicating a right or left turn, or the
presence of a vehicular traffic hazard requiring unusual care in approaching,
overtaking or passing.
Whenever any vehicle having a width at any part
in excess of 80 inches becomes disabled during the period when lighted
lamps must be displayed on vehicles, and such vehicle cannot immediately
be removed from the main traveled portion of a street outside of a
business or residence district, the driver or other person in charge
of such vehicle shall cause flares, lanterns, reflectors or other
signals to be lighted and placed upon the street, one at a distance
of approximately 100 feet in advance of such vehicle and one at a
distance of approximately 100 feet to the rear of the vehicle and
the third upon the roadway alongside of the vehicle. If the vehicle
is transporting flammables, three red reflectors may be so placed
as to afford a warning of the presence of the vehicle on the street
in lieu of such other signals, and no open burning flare shall be
placed adjacent to any such vehicle.
All lamp equipment required on passenger buses, trucks, truck tractors and certain trailers, semitrailers and pole trailers as required by this article shall be lighted as provided in § 92-181, except that clearance and side marker lamps need not be lighted on any such vehicle when operated within the City where there is sufficient light to render clearly discernible persons and vehicles on the street at a distance of 500 feet.
In addition to other equipment required in this
article, the following vehicles shall be equipped as herein stated:
A.
On every bus or truck, whatever its size, there shall
be the following: on the rear, two reflectors, one at each side, and
one stop light.
B.
On every bus or truck 80 inches or more in overall width, in addition to the requirements of Subsection A of this section, there shall be the following: on the front, two clearance lamps, one at each side; on the rear, two clearance lamps, one at each side; on the side, two side marker lamps, one at or near the front and one at or near the rear; and on each side, two reflectors, one at or near the front and one at or near the rear.
C.
On every truck tractor, there shall be the following:
on the front, two clearance lamps, one at each side; and on the rear,
one stop light.
D.
On every trailer or semitrailer having a gross weight
in excess of 3,000 pounds, there shall be the following: on the front,
two clearance lamps, one at each side: on each side, two side marker
lamps, one at or near the front and one at or near the rear; on each
side, two reflectors, one at or near the front and one at or near
the rear; and on the rear, two clearance lamps, one at each side,
also two reflectors, one at each side, and one stop light.
E.
On every pole trailer in excess of 3,000 pounds gross
weight, there shall be the following: on each side, one clearance
lamp, which may be in combination to show to the front, side and rear;
and on the rear of the pole trailer or load, two reflectors, one at
each side.
F.
On every trailer, semitrailer or pole trailer weighing
3,000 pounds of gross weight or less, there shall be the following:
on the rear, two reflectors, one on each side. If any trailer or semitrailer
is so loaded or is of such dimensions as to obscure the stop light
on the towing vehicle, then such vehicle shall also be equipped with
one stop light.
All passenger buses, trucks, truck tractors, trailers, semitrailers and pole trailers subject to the provisions of § 92-180 shall comply with the following requirements:
A.
Front clearance lamps and those marker lamps and reflectors
mounted on the front or on the side near the front of a vehicle shall
display or reflect an amber color.
B.
Rear clearance lamps and those marker lamps and reflectors
mounted on the rear or on the sides near the rear of a vehicle shall
display or reflect a red color.
C.
All lighting devices and reflectors mounted on the
rear of any vehicle shall display or reflect a red color, except the
stop light or other signal device, which may be red, amber or yellow,
and except that the light illuminating the license plate shall be
white and the light emitted by a backup lamp shall be white or amber.
A.
Any reflectors required on any vehicle enumerated in § 92-181 shall be mounted at a height not less than 24 inches and not higher than 60 inches above the ground on which the vehicle stands, except that if the highest part of the permanent structure of the vehicle is less than 24 inches, the reflector at such point shall be mounted as high as that part of the permanent structure will permit.
B.
The rear reflectors on a pole trailer may be mounted
on each side of the bolster or load.
C.
Any required red reflector on the rear of any vehicle enumerated in § 92-181 may be incorporated with the tail lamp, but such reflector shall meet all other reflector requirements of this article.
D.
Clearance lamps shall be mounted on a permanent structure of any vehicle enumerated in § 92-182 in such a manner as to indicate its extreme width and as near the top thereof as practicable. Clearance lamps and side marker lamps may be mounted in combination provided illumination is given as required in this article with reference to both.
A.
Every reflector upon any vehicle referred to in § 92-181 shall be of such size and characteristics and so maintained as to be readily visible at nighttime from all distances within 600 feet to 100 feet from the vehicle when directly in front of lawful upper beams of headlamps.
B.
Front and rear clearance lamps shall be capable of
being seen and distinguished under normal atmospheric conditions at
the times lights are required at a distance of 500 feet from the front
and rear, respectively, of the vehicle.
C.
Side marker lamps shall be capable of being seen and
distinguished under normal atmospheric conditions at the time lights
are required at a distance of 500 feet from the front and rear, respectively,
of the vehicle.
D.
Side marker lamps shall be capable of being seen and
distinguished under normal atmospheric conditions at the time lights
are required at a distance of 500 feet from the side of the vehicle
on which mounted.
In addition to any other equipment and distinctive
markings required by this chapter, every school bus shall be equipped
with signal lamps mounted as high and as widely spaced laterally as
practicable which shall be capable of displaying to the front two
alternately flashing red lights located at the same level, and these
lights shall have sufficient intensity to be visible at 500 feet in
normal sunlight and which shall be actuated by the driver of the school
bus only when such vehicle is stopped for the purpose of receiving
or discharging school children.
Every vehicle, including animal-drawn vehicles and vehicles referred to in § 92-156, not specifically required by the provisions of this article to be equipped with lamps or other lighting devices shall at all times specified in § 92-157 be equipped with at least one lamp displaying a white light visible from a distance of not less than 500 feet to the front of said vehicle and shall also be equipped with two lamps displaying a red light visible from a distance of not less than 500 feet to the rear and two red reflectors visible for a distance of 100 to 600 feet to the rear when illuminated by the lawful upper beams of headlamps.
A.
Whenever a vehicle is lawfully parked upon a street
during the hours between 1/2 hour after sunset and 1/2 hour before
sunrise and in the event that there is sufficient light to reveal
any person or object within a distance of 500 feet upon such street,
no lights need be displayed upon such parked vehicle.
B.
Whenever a vehicle is parked or stopped upon a roadway
or shoulder adjacent thereto, whether attended or unattended, during
the hours between 1/2 hour after sunset and 1/2 hour before sunrise
and there is not sufficient light to reveal any person or object within
a distance of 500 feet upon such highway, such vehicles shall be equipped
with one or more lamps meeting the following requirements: at least
one lamp shall display a white or amber light visible from a distance
of 500 feet to the front of the vehicle and the same lamp or at least
one other lamp shall display a red light visible from a distance of
500 feet to the rear of the vehicle, and the location of said lamp
or lamps shall always be such that at least one lamp or combination
of lamps meeting the requirements of this section is installed as
near as practicable to the side of the vehicle which is closest to
passing traffic. The foregoing provisions shall not apply to a motor-driven
cycle.
C.
Any lighted headlamps upon a parked vehicle shall
be depressed or dimmed.
Whenever the load upon any vehicle extends four feet or more beyond the rear of the bed or body of such vehicle, there shall be displayed at the extreme rear end of the load, at the time specified in § 92-157, a red light or lantern plainly visible from a distance of at least 500 feet to the sides and rear. The red light or lantern required under this section shall be in addition to the red rear light required upon every vehicle. At any other time there shall be displayed at the extreme rear end of such load a red flag or cloth not less than 12 inches square and so hung that the entire area is visible to the driver of a vehicle approaching from the rear.
Whenever motor vehicles and other vehicles are
operated in combination during the time that lights are required,
any lamp except tail lamps need not be lighted if by reason of its
location on a vehicle of the combination it would be obscured by another
vehicle of the combination, but this shall not affect the requirement
that lighted clearance lamps be displayed on the front of the foremost
vehicle required to have clearance lamps, nor that all lights required
on the rearmost vehicle of combination shall be lighted.
