A.
Plumbing, heating, electrical, ventilating, air-conditioning,
refrigerating, cooking, fire protection and radiation-production equipment,
elevators, dumbwaiters, moving stairs and other mechanical additions,
installations or systems for the use of the building shall be installed,
located and maintained so that under normal conditions of use such
equipment and systems will not be a danger to health or welfare, a
danger because of structural defects or a source of ignition or a
radiation hazard and will not create excessive noise or otherwise
become a nuisance or a hazard. Equipment and systems include, but
are not limited to, apparatus, devices, fixtures, piping, pipe hangers,
pipe covering, wiring, fittings and materials used as part of or in
connection with such installations.
B.
Equipment and systems subject to damage from freezing
shall be adequately protected against freezing.
C.
Moving parts of equipment which may be a potential
hazard shall be guarded to protect against accidental contact.
A.
Plumbing systems shall be maintained in sanitary and
serviceable condition and installed and maintained in accordance with
the Plumbing Code of the City of Albany.
B.
Plumbing systems shall be maintained so as not to
weaken structural members nor cause damage or deterioration to any
part of the building through fixture usage.
A.
Potable water from an approved source shall be available
at all times in residential buildings. The domestic water supply system
of the building shall be connected to such approved source and shall
not be subject to contamination. When supplied from a public source,
the potable water supply system shall not be connected to private
or unsafe water supplies.
B.
Water supply systems shall be installed and maintained
so as to provide at all times a supply of water to plumbing fixtures,
devices and appurtenances in sufficient volume and at pressures adequate
to enable them to function satisfactorily and without undue noise
under all normal conditions of use.
C.
Water supply systems shall be installed and maintained
so that water used for purposes of cooling or heating shall not be
reintroduced into the domestic water supply system or be distributed
through such equipment to plumbing fixtures.
D.
Domestic hot water supply systems shall be provided
with safety devices arranged to relieve hazardous pressures and excessive
temperatures.
E.
Every dwelling unit shall be supplied with water-heating
facilities which are installed in an approved manner, properly maintained
and properly connected with hot-water lines to the fixtures required
to be supplied with hot water. Water-heating facilities shall be capable
of heating water to such a temperature as to permit an adequate amount
of water to be drawn at every required kitchen sink, lavatory basin,
bathtub, shower and laundry facility or other similar units, at a
temperature of not less than 130º F. at any time needed.
A.
Plumbing fixtures shall be drained to a sewage drainage
system and such system shall be connected to a public sewer or to
an adequate and approved system of sewage disposal in accordance with
the requirements of the Albany County Health District and the Building
Department of the City of Albany.
B.
Where a public sewer is not available, a system shall
be provided to receive and dispose of sewage without health hazard
or nuisance in accordance with the requirements of the Albany County
Health District and the Building Department of the City of Albany.
C.
Sewage or other waste shall not be discharged into
the ground or into a waterway unless it has first been rendered harmless
through subjection to treatment or to natural processes in conformity
with generally accepted standards in accordance with the requirements
of the Albany County Health District and the Building Department of
the City of Albany.
D.
Substances which will clog the pipes, produce explosive
mixtures, destroy the pipes or their joints or interfere unduly with
the sewage disposal process shall not be discharged into the building
drainage system unless it is provided with approved devices suitable
for intercepting such substances in accordance with the requirements
of the Albany County Health District and the Building Department of
the City of Albany.
E.
Each fixture directly connected to the sewage drainage
system shall be equipped with a water seal trap except as provided
in the Plumbing Code of the City of Albany.
F.
Adequate cleanouts shall be provided and maintained
so that pipes may be readily cleaned.
G.
The drainage system and its attendant vent piping
shall be maintained so as to provide adequate circulation of air in
all pipes in order that siphonage, aspiration or pressure will not
cause a loss of trap seal under ordinary conditions of use.
H.
Each vent terminal to the outer air shall be installed
and maintained so as to minimize the possibilities of clogging, frost
closure, the return of foul air to the building or the creation of
a nuisance to adjacent premises.
I.
Drains provided for fixtures, devices, appliances
or apparatus containing food, water, sterile goods or similar materials
shall be equipped with air breaks adequate to prevent contamination
of such contents from any possible backup of sewage through the direct
or indirect drainage piping.
A.
Roofs and paved areas, including yards and courts,
shall be properly drained. Storm drainage shall be conveyed to an
adequate and approved system of water disposal where available. Storm
drains shall be discharged in such manner that water will not flow
onto sidewalks. Gutters and leaders shall adequately protect adjoining
property from the water flowing from such roofs.
B.
Where a drainage system may be subject to backwater,
suitable provision shall be made to prevent its overflow into the
building as provided in the Plumbing Code of the City of Albany.
C.
Leaders and gutters, if used, shall be constructed
of noncombustible material, except that wood leaders and gutters may
be used for buildings not more than three stories high.
A.
Buildings shall be provided with plumbing systems
designed to dispose of the sewage from all fixtures and to furnish
cold water to every water closet and urinal and hot and cold water
to every sink, lavatory, bathtub and shower required therein.
D.
Where multiple dwellings contain sleeping accommodations
arranged as a dormitory, for each multiple of 15 persons or fraction
thereof so accommodated there shall be provided and located adjacent
thereto plumbing fixtures consisting of at least:
E.
Urinals may be substituted in men's toilet rooms for
not more than one-third (1/3) of the required number of water closets.
F.
Privies, privy vaults and outhouses shall be prohibited
on residential premises.
A.
Plumbing fixtures shall be made of smooth, nonabsorbent
material and shall be free from concealed fouling surfaces.
B.
Plumbing fixtures shall be so spaced as to be reasonably
accessible for their intended use.
C.
Plumbing fixtures shall be located in spaces that
are accessible, lighted and ventilated.
A.
Water supply used for filling or for cleaning of the
pool shall be clean. Water supply shall be protected against potential
pollution from all sources, including cross-connection and backflow.
B.
Drains shall be provided so that the pool can be safely
and adequately drained. Drains shall be provided in floors surrounding
the swimming pool and arranged so that water from such areas will
drain without entering the pool.
C.
Filtering, sterilizing and auxiliary equipment, where
required, shall be adequate to maintain the sanitary quality of water
during each period the pool is in use. Equipment containing gases
or disinfectants capable of giving off irritating toxic or flammable
fumes shall be located in ventilated rooms.
D.
The installation shall be arranged and maintained
to prevent dirt, sand or other foreign matter from entering the bathing
area.
A.
Water supply tanks shall be installed and maintained
so as to be watertight, verminproof, rodentproof, resistant to corrosion
and capable of withstanding the working pressures under normal operation.
B.
Supports for tanks shall be of noncombustible construction.
C.
Tanks and their supports shall not be used to support
equipment or structures other than for tank use, except where specially
designed for such other use.
D.
Means for emptying water supply tanks shall be provided
and maintained in proper working condition.
E.
Potable water supply tanks for domestic supply and
standpipe or automatic sprinkler systems shall be installed and maintained
to furnish water in sufficient quantity and pressure for such systems.
A.
Fuel gas piping systems shall be installed and maintained
so as to remain gastight, safe and operative under conditions of use.
B.
Fuel gas piping systems shall provide a supply of
gas sufficient to meet the maximum expected demand of the installed
gas-burning appliances connected thereto.
C.
Fuel gas piping and equipment shall not be located
in ducts, chimneys, flues, stairways or exits.
A.
Gas piping systems shall have at least one accessible
means for shutting off all gas supply, and such means shall be maintained
in good operating condition.
B.
An easily accessible shutoff valve or cock shall be
provided in the piping in close proximity to and ahead of every outlet
for gas appliance.
Gas services, gas meters and gas-pressure regulators
shall be located so that they are protected from damage.
A.
Gas appliances shall be installed with clearance for
ventilation and shall be maintained in good operating condition.
B.
Water-cooled gas refrigerators are prohibited.
C.
New installations of air-cooled gas refrigerators
are prohibited.
D.
Existing air-cooled gas refrigerators must be equipped
with:
E.
The owner or agent of a residential building in which
there is a gas appliance or a lessee in control of such building shall
keep each appliance in good order and repair at all times.
Any service connection supplying gas at a pressure
in excess of one pound per square inch gage shall be provided with
a device to reduce such pressure to not more than one-half (1/2) pound
per square inch gage prior to entering the meter, except where such
service supplies equipment using gas at high pressures.
A.
Undiluted liquefied petroleum gas in liquid form shall
not be conveyed through piping equipment and systems in buildings.
B.
Liquefied petroleum gas shall not be vaporized by
devices utilizing open flame or open electrical coil.
C.
Where two or more containers are installed, connection
shall be arranged so that containers can be replaced without shutting
off the flow of gas to equipment.
D.
Containers shall be designed, stored and located so
as not to be a hazard to the premises served or to the surrounding
property.
E.
Systems shall be provided with safety devices to relieve
excessive pressures and shall be arranged so that the discharge terminates
at a safe location.
F.
Systems shall have at least one accessible means for
shutting off the gas. Such means shall be located outside the building
and shall be maintained in good operating condition.
Every dwelling and multifamily dwelling shall
have heating facilities, and the owner of the heating facilities shall
be required to see that they are properly installed, safely maintained
and in good working condition and that they are capable of safely
and adequately heating all habitable rooms, bathrooms and toilet rooms
located herein to a temperature of at least an average of 70º
F. with an outside temperature of 10º below zero. The owner of
the heating facilities shall maintain a minimum average room temperature
of 70ºF. in all habitable rooms, including bathrooms and toilet
rooms, when rented, at all times on the basis of 10º below zero
outside.
Fuel-burning, heat-producing equipment shall
be installed and maintained so that emission or discharge into the
atmosphere of smoke, dust, particles, odors or other products of combustion
will not create a nuisance or be detrimental to the health, comfort,
safety or property of any person.
Ducts and other air-handling equipment used
for heating shall conform to the requirements of such equipment used
for ventilating purposes.
Fuel-burning water heaters shall not be located
in sleeping rooms, bathrooms or toilet rooms.
Fuel-burning equipment shall be permanently
fastened and connected in place. Fuel supply connection to such equipment
shall be made with approved pipe or with an approved flexible tubing
connector and be protected against mechanical injury and corrosion.
Where heat-producing equipment is installed
on or adjacent to combustible materials, the location, insulation,
clearance and the control of the equipment shall be such that the
temperature on the surface of the combustible materials will not exceed
a safe temperature.
A.
Direct-fired heat-producing equipment and the enclosure
in which it is located shall be provided with a supply of air adequate
to replenish that consumed by complete combustion at the rated gross
output of the equipment and for the ventilation of the enclosure to
prevent the accumulation of heat.
B.
Such air shall be supplied by means of one or more
openings to the exterior or by means of fixed openings to interior
spaces which open to the exterior.
A.
Equipment for burning solids or liquid fuel shall
be connected to suitable chimneys or flues and shall not be connected
to gas vents. Unvented heaters burning liquid fuel shall be prohibited.
B.
Fuel-burning space heaters located in sleeping rooms
or rooms normally kept closed shall be connected to a suitable chimney,
flue or gas vent.
C.
Gas-fired equipment shall be connected to a suitable
chimney, flue or gas vent when the discharge of products of combustion
into the space where the equipment is installed would be a hazard.
A.
Equipment capable of developing hazardous pressures
or temperatures shall be provided with means to relieve safely such
pressures and temperatures.
B.
Controls for the safe operation of automatically operated
heat-producing equipment shall be provided to function as follows:
When failure or interruption of flame or ignition occurs, the fuel
supply shall be cut off. When a predetermined temperature or pressure
is exceeded, the input of additional heat shall be prevented or reduced
to a safe rate. When the water level in a steam boiler drops below
a predetermined level, the fuel supply shall be cut off. When failure
or interruption of pilot light or main burner in liquefied petroleum
gas equipment occurs, the fuel supply to each pilot light and main
burner shall be shut off.
Fuel-burning equipment for garages serving multiple dwellings shall be located in heater rooms, except that equipment burning gas or liquid fuel located in the vehicle storage space shall be permitted in stories at or above grade where the equipment is elevated so as not to be exposed to possible accumulation of flammable gases and shall conform to the requirements set forth in § 231-64, Removal of products of combustion.
A.
Chimneys, flues, gas vents and their supports shall
be installed and maintained so as to be structurally safe, durable,
smoketight, noncombustible and capable of withstanding the action
of flue gases without softening, cracking, corroding or spalling.
B.
Such facilities shall effectively convey the products
of combustion to the outer air.
C.
Masonry chimneys shall have noncombustible foundations.
Approved prefabricated chimneys shall be installed according to the
requirements of the Building Department of the City of Albany.
D.
Flue linings shall be capable of withstanding the
action of flue gas without softening, cracking, corroding or spalling
at the temperature to which they will be subjected.
E.
Openings for smoke pipes or gas vent connections shall
be provided with means for easy connection without restriction of
flue.
F.
Fuel-burning equipment and fireplaces located in different
tenancies shall not be connected to the same flue.
G.
Smoke pipes and gas vents shall be securely supported
and be prevented from falling out of the flue.
Chimneys, flues and gas vents shall be installed
and maintained so that under conditions of use the temperature of
any combustible material adjacent thereto, insulated therefrom or
in contact therewith does not exceed a safe temperature.
A.
Incinerators shall be of adequate capacity for the
intended use.
B.
Flue-fed incinerators shall be equipped with means
for burning auxiliary fuel in sufficient quantity to assure complete
combustion of refuse.
C.
A flue serving an incinerator shall be provided with
a substantially constructed spark arrestor.
D.
Incinerators shall be connected to a suitable noncombustible
chimney, smokestack or flue.
E.
Connections to incinerators shall provide free passage
of refuse without clogging.
A.
Service openings shall be readily accessible to the
building occupants.
B.
No person shall deposit any highly flammable substances
or objects which will clog the flue of an incinerator. Durable signs
with plainly legible letters prohibiting disposal of such substances
shall be provided near each service opening.
B.
Electrical wiring and equipment shall be firmly secured
to the surface on which it is mounted.
C.
Electrical wiring and equipment installed in damp
or wet locations or where exposed to explosive or flammable gases
or to excessive temperatures shall be of a type approved for the purpose
and location.
D.
Electrical wiring and equipment shall be protected
against excessive current by properly rated overcurrent devices.
E.
Electrical wiring and equipment shall be grounded
or otherwise protected by insulation, isolation or guarding so as
to minimize the danger of high voltages from lightning or other causes.
F.
Electrical equipment which in ordinary operation produces
arcs, sparks or excessive heat shall be enclosed or separated and
isolated from all combustible material.
G.
Service equipment and overcurrent protection devices
shall be installed and maintained in a readily accessible location.
H.
Where there is electric service available to the building
or structure, every habitable room of a dwelling or multifamily dwelling
shall contain at least two separate and remote outlets, one of which
may be a ceiling- or wall-type electric light fixture. In the kitchen,
three separate and remote wall-type electric convenience outlets or
two such convenience outlets and one ceiling- or wall-type electric
light fixture shall be provided. Every public hall shall contain at
least one electric light fixture. In addition to the electric light
fixture in every bathroom and laundry room there shall be provided
at least one electric outlet.
A.
Residential buildings and occupancies shall be wired
for electricity, and lighting equipment shall be installed throughout
to provide adequate illumination for the intended use of each space.
Each electric wiring system shall be connected to an adequate source
of supply.
B.
There shall be a switch or other means for controlling
a light in each dwelling unit near the point of entrance to such unit.
A.
Each dwelling unit shall be provided with appropriate
cooking and refrigeration equipment. Cooking and refrigeration equipment
shall be provided by the owner or by the tenant in accordance with
their mutual written agreement.
B.
Cooking and refrigeration equipment shall be maintained
in good operating condition.
C.
Gas-burning cooking equipment shall be permanently connected in place. Gas supply connection to such equipment shall be made with approved pipe or with an approved flexible tubing connector in accordance with the generally accepted standards (see § 231-10, Definitions and word usage).
D.
The combustion chambers of solid fuel-burning cooking
equipment shall be appropriately vented.
Every communal kitchen and dining room located
in a rooming house shall have adequate space facilities and shall
be so located as to be accessible to the occupant of each rooming
unit, sharing the use of such facilities, without going through a
dwelling unit or rooming unit of another occupant.
A.
Ventilating systems shall be installed and maintained
so that the rapid spread of heat, flame or smoke through the system
will be prevented and so that under conditions of use the temperature
of any combustible material adjacent thereto or in contact therewith
will not exceed a safe temperature.
B.
Stairways, shafts, hoistways or attics shall not be
used as plenum chambers.
C.
Ducts shall be securely fastened in place and appropriately
firestopped.
D.
Ducts and other air-handling equipment shall be of
noncombustible material.
E.
Filters shall be installed and maintained so as not
to constitute a fire or smoke hazard.
F.
Ducts passing through or located within combustible
construction shall be separated from such construction by a clearance
of at least one-half (1/2) inch or by a noncombustible insulating
material at least one-fourth-inch thick.
G.
Air required for ventilation shall be taken from the
exterior or shall be quality controlled.
H.
Exhaust air from a dwelling unit or a space the contents
of which may emit odors, fumes or vapors shall not be circulated to
other occupied spaces within the building.
A.
Air intake and exhaust openings shall be installed,
located and maintained so as not to constitute a hazard or nuisance
and so as to prevent the possibility of fire, smoke, fumes or foreign
matter being drawn into the system.
B.
Ventilating systems shall be provided with adequate
openings for incoming and outgoing air to obtain the required circulation.
Intake openings shall provide air from an uncontaminated source.
C.
Where openings for mechanical exhaust are located
in spaces that also contain fuel-burning equipment, there shall be
provided fixed intake openings from the exterior to supply sufficient
air so that the fuel-burning equipment is not adversely affected.
D.
Exhaust openings shall be located so that the exhaust
air will not create a nuisance.
Enclosures or spaces where heat, gases, vapors
or odors may accumulate and become a potential source of hazard or
nuisance shall be provided with adequate means of ventilation to remove
such excess.
A.
Manually operated controls shall be provided to stop
the operation of all central fan equipment. Such controls shall be
conspicuously identified and in readily accessible locations outside
the fan room.
B.
Every system using recirculated air and serving an
assembly space or more than one fire area or more than one story of
a building shall be provided with controls arranged so that under
abnormal rise in temperature of the air in the system the fans causing
normal circulation shall stop and require manual restart.
C.
Every system for ventilating an assembly space shall
be provided with an emergency switch conveniently located and with
a durable sign giving instructions for shutting down the system in
case of fire.
Fuel oil shall be received, stored and conveyed
by means of fixed liquidtight equipment.
A.
Automatically operated boilers and furnaces using
fuel oil shall be provided with remote control to stop the flow of
oil during fire or other emergency.
B.
Filling, emptying and venting of tanks shall be by
means of fixed piping. Pipes to underground tanks shall be pitched
toward tanks. Terminals of fill and vent pipes shall be located outside
of buildings at a safe distance from building openings.
Required fire alarm systems shall be maintained
in proper operating condition at all times.
A.
Required sprinkler equipment shall be maintained in
proper operating condition at all times. Storage of materials shall
cause minimum interference to effective discharge of water.
B.
Valves controlling water supply to sprinklers shall
be secure in the open position.
C.
Sprinkler heads shall be maintained free of corrosion
and paint.
D.
An automatic alarm system shall be installed in connection
with a required sprinkler system. Such alarm system shall be activated
by the operation of the sprinkler system.
A.
Each oil burner for boiler, furnace or central hot-water
heater shall be provided with an approved hand fire extinguisher or
two rounded-bottom pails filled with sand.
B.
Portable extinguishers required for fire protection
shall be in their designated locations and in a condition which will
permit efficient operation without delay.
A.
Elevators, dumbwaiters and escalators shall be maintained
so as to be free from physical and fire hazards.
B.
Elevator and power-operated dumbwaiter cars shall
be provided with durable signs in conspicuous locations on which the
rated capacity shall be indicated.
C.
Elevator cars shall be provided with approved means
for transmitting a signal outside the hoistway in case of emergency.
D.
Hoistways and pits shall be maintained free of refuse.
E.
Machine rooms shall be maintained free of oil and
grease and shall not be used for storage of articles or materials
unnecessary for the maintenance of the elevator or dumbwaiter. Flammable
liquids shall not be kept in such rooms.
F.
No person shall at any time make any required safety
device or electrical protective device inoperative, except where necessary
during tests, inspections or maintenance.
Every person who discards a gas-fired, electric
or other refrigerator shall, before removing such refrigerator from
the room in which it was installed, remove the door completely from
said refrigerator.
