A.
Buildings occupied in whole or in part as defined in
this chapter shall comply with the requirements hereinafter set forth concerning
occupancy, size, light and ventilation in order to provide a safe and healthful
environment.
B.
The term "accessory use" shall have a uniform meaning
and shall apply in the same manner and under the same conditions or restrictions
to all residential buildings.
Buildings, for the purpose of this article, shall be classified in respect
to their occupancies as follows:
A.
One- and two-family dwellings. Buildings containing one
or two dwelling units with fewer than four lodgers residing with a family
in either one of such dwelling units.
B.
Multiple dwellings.
(1)
Buildings containing one or two dwelling units with more
than four lodgers residing with a family in either one of such dwelling units.
(2)
Buildings containing three or more dwelling units.
(3)
Apartment houses and apartment hotels.
(4)
Lodging houses.
(5)
Buildings with sleeping accommodations for more than
five persons, used or occupied as a club, dormitory, fraternity or sorority
house or for similar uses.
(6)
Garden apartments.
C.
Accessory structures. Garages, carports and similar-type
structures on residential premises.
A.
In dwelling units, the maximum number of occupants shall
be limited to the number determined on the basis of the floor areas of habitable
rooms, other than kitchens, as follows:
B.
In lodging units, the maximum number of occupants shall
be limited to the number determined on the same basis as for dwelling units.
C.
In buildings occupied as clubs, dormitories, sorority
or fraternity houses and providing sleeping accommodations for more than five
persons, the maximum number of occupants so accommodated in any habitable
room shall be limited to the number determined on the basis of the floor area,
in square feet, of the room divided by 50 square feet per occupant.
A.
It shall be prohibited to use for sleeping purposes any
kitchen, nonhabitable space or public space.
B.
It shall be prohibited in lodging houses to use for dining
purposes any communal kitchen containing less than 100 square feet of floor
area or any nonhabitable space or public space other than dining space.
C.
It shall be prohibited to prepare or eat meals in lodging
units.
D.
It shall be prohibited to use any cellar space as habitable
space.
A.
Size.
(1)
Habitable space shall have a minimum ceiling height of
seven feet six inches over 50% of the floor area; and the floor area where
the ceiling height is less than five feet shall not be considered in computing
floor area.
(2)
A dwelling unit shall contain at least one habitable
room having a minimum of 150 square feet of floor area and a minimum horizontal
dimension of 10 feet.
(3)
Kitchens shall have a minimum of 60 square feet of floor
area, and other habitable spaces shall contain not less than 80 square feet
of floor area and shall have a minimum horizontal dimension of seven feet.
(4)
Every alcove less than 60 square feet in area, except
a cooking space or foyer, shall be deemed to be part of a habitable room.
The area of the opening in the dividing partition between the alcove and the
room shall be at least 80% of the wall area of such partition, measured on
the alcove side, but not less than 40 square feet. The depth of such alcove
shall not exceed half its width. The floor area of the alcove shall be added
to the floor area of the room in determining light and ventilation requirements
for the room. An alcove with an area of 60 square feet or more but less than
the required area of a habitable room shall be separately lighted and ventilated
as required for habitable space.
B.
Basements. Basements shall not be deemed habitable space
where required windows are located only on one wall and the depth of the basement
space exceeds four feet below the established curb level or finished grade
of the ground adjoining the building.
C.
Light and ventilation.
(1)
Habitable space shall be provided with natural light
through one or more windows, skylights, transparent or translucent panels
or any combinations thereof that face directly on legal open spaces at least
six inches above the adjoining finished grade or spaces above a roof. The
amount of light shall be equivalent to that transmitted through clear glass
equal in area to 10% of the floor area of the habitable space.
(2)
Habitable space shall be provided with artificial light.
(3)
Habitable space shall be provided with natural ventilation
through openable parts of windows or other openings in exterior walls that
face legal open spaces above the adjoining finished grade or above a roof,
or through openable parts of skylights, providing total clear ventilation
area equal to not less than 5% of the total floor area of each habitable space.
(4)
Habitable space may also be provided with mechanical
ventilation in addition to natural ventilation.
D.
Miscellaneous requirements.
(1)
Dwelling units shall be separated from each other and
from other spaces outside the dwelling unit.
(2)
Sleeping rooms within dwelling units shall be separated
from each other and from other spaces outside the sleeping rooms to provide
privacy.
(3)
Lodging units shall be separated from each other and
from other spaces outside the lodging units.
(4)
A communal kitchen or dining room in a lodging house
shall be accessible to the occupants sharing such kitchen or dining room without
going through a dwelling unit or lodging unit of another occupant.
A.
Height. Public space shall have a minimum height of seven
feet six inches measured from finished floor to finished ceiling.
B.
Light and ventilation.
(1)
Public spaces shall be provided with artificial light.
(2)
In public stairs, stairways and passageways, artificial
light shall be electric lighting available at all times so as to afford safe
passage for occupants and users. Such lighting shall conform to the following:
(a)
A sufficient number of fixtures shall be provided so
that the distance between fixtures is not more than 30 feet and so that no
wall is more than 15 feet distant from a fixture.
(b)
Incandescent lighting shall be based on not less than
1/4 watt per square foot of floor area, except that each fixture shall have
a lamp or lamps with a total of not less than 25 watts.
(c)
Fluorescent lighting shall be based on not less than
1/10 watt per square foot of floor area, except that each fixture shall have
a lamp or lamps of a total of not less than 15 watts.
(d)
Where, under these formulas, the calculated wattage does
not correspond to that of a standard lamp, the next larger size shall be used.
(3)
Public spaces shall be provided with either natural ventilation,
conforming to the requirements for habitable space, or with mechanical ventilation.
A.
Height. Nonhabitable space, except crawl spaces and attics,
in multiple dwellings shall have a minimum height of seven feet measured from
floor to ceiling.
B.
Toilet rooms and bathrooms.
(1)
Toilet rooms and bathrooms in one- and two-family dwellings
shall have provisions for privacy.
(2)
Toilet rooms and bathrooms for dwelling units in multiple
dwellings shall be located within the dwelling units and shall be accessible
from any sleeping room without passing through any other sleeping room.
(3)
Unless located within dwelling units or directly connected
with sleeping rooms, toilet rooms and bathrooms in multiple dwellings shall
be provided in each story containing habitable space and shall be accessible
thereto.
(4)
Toilet rooms for employees in multiple dwellings shall
be in separate rooms for each sex where there are five or more employees,
shall be readily accessible to such employees and shall not open directly
into any public kitchen or other public space used for the cooking or preparation
of food.
(5)
In one- and two-family dwellings, bathrooms and toilet
rooms shall be provided with floors of moisture-resistant material.
(6)
In multiple dwellings, floors of bathrooms, toilet rooms
and similar spaces shall be waterproof; such waterproofing shall extend six
inches or more above floors, except at doors, so that floors can be flushed
or washed without leaking.
C.
Light and ventilation.
(1)
Kitchenettes, bathrooms and toilet rooms shall be provided
with artificial light appropriate for the use of such rooms.
(2)
Laundry rooms, furnace rooms and similar nonhabitable
space shall be provided with artificial light appropriate for the intended
use of such rooms.
(3)
Stairs shall be provided with artificial light to allow
safe ascent and descent.
(4)
Kitchenettes, bathrooms and toilet rooms shall be provided
with ventilation in accordance with either of the following:
(a)
Natural ventilation as required for habitable space,
except that such openable areas shall be not less than 1 1/2 square feet
for bathrooms or toilet rooms and not less than three square feet for kitchenettes;
or
(b)
Mechanical ventilation exhausting not less than 25 cubic
feet per minute for bathrooms and toilet rooms and not less than 100 cubic
feet per minute for kitchenettes.
(5)
Spaces in multiple dwellings which contain central heat-producing,
air-conditioning and other equipment shall be ventilated to the outer air,
and air from these spaces shall not be recirculated to other parts of the
building.
(6)
Ventilation shall be provided in unheated attics, spaces
below flat roofs and in crawl spaces. Location and net areas of ventilation
openings shall be such as to minimize deterioration of structural members
from condensation or other causes, in conformity with generally accepted standards.
A.
Safe, continuous and unobstructed exit shall be provided
from the interior of the building to the exterior at street or grade level.
B.
Exits shall be arranged, constructed and proportioned
so that occupants may escape safely from the building in case of emergency.
C.
In one- and two-family dwellings, in addition to a primary
exit from the building, there shall be provided a secondary exit or, in lieu
thereof, one or more exit openings for emergency use.
D.
In multiple dwellings, approved exits shall be provided.