[Adopted 9-18-1987]
As used in this article, the following terms shall have the meanings indicated:
CUL-DE-SAC
A residential street with one end open for public vehicle and pedestrian access and the other end terminating in a vehicle turnaround.
EASEMENT
A right granted to use certain land for a special purpose not inconsistent with the general property rights of the owner.
RIGHT-OF-WAY
Land open for use as a street, alley or crosswalk, sixty-foot minimum.
SIGHT TRIANGLE
The triangle formed at the intersection of two streets when the driver of a vehicle approaching the intersection is ascertaining whether or not the intersecting street is free from approaching obstacles.
STREET
A general term used to describe a right-of-way, municipally or privately owned, serving as a means of vehicular and pedestrian travel, furnishing space for sewers and public utilities. The streets are classified as follows:
A. 
LOCAL RESIDENTIAL STREET — A street used as the principal means of access to adjacent residential properties serving only a comparatively small number of dwellings. The street will have an average daily traffic volume of less than 50 vehicles per day.
B. 
RURAL STREET OR ROAD — A rural street or road shall be considered as one on which the majority of lots fronting thereon shall have a minimum net area of 30,000 square feet, and a minimum road frontage of 125 feet. The street or road shall have an average daily traffic volume of 50 to 250 vehicles per day.
[Amended 8-5-1998 by L.L. No. 2-1998]
C. 
COLLECTOR STREET OR ROAD — A street or road connecting local residential streets to each other, to community facilities and to primary or major thoroughfares, serving only neighborhood traffic. A collector street or road shall have an average daily traffic flow of 250 to 500 vehicles per day.
D. 
PRIMARY OR MAJOR THOROUGHFARE — A street connecting district centers, and serving large volumes of through, fast traffic, preferably located outside or bounding the residential neighborhoods. These thoroughfares shall have an average daily traffic flow of 500 or more vehicles per day.
[Amended 8-5-1998 by L.L. No. 2-1998]
A. 
General requirements.
(1) 
All new and improved streets and roads shall be centered in the right-of-way.
(2) 
All streets and roads shall have a minimum grade along its center line of one foot per one-hundred-foot run, and a maximum grade along its center line of 10 feet per one-hundred-foot run; on collector streets and roads, a maximum of 8% grade; desirably, a maximum of 8% grade on local streets and 5% grade on collector streets. In all cases the maximum grade shall not last more than 1,500 feet. The center-line grade at an intersection shall not exceed 3% in any direction for a distance of 200 feet from intersecting center lines.
(3) 
Roadway cross grade slopes on the driving lane pavement: a minimum of 3/8 inch per foot, with a maximum of 5/8 inch per foot.
(4) 
Shoulder cross grade slopes on paved shoulders: a minimum of 3/4 inch per foot with a maximum of one inch per foot and on gravel shoulders a minimum of one inch per foot with a maximum of two inches per foot.
(5) 
Reverse curves shall have a tangent of at least 100 feet measured at the center line; preferably more on collector streets.
(6) 
All intersections should be designed to be at right angles with sight triangles of 25 feet along the intersecting right-of-way lines, which shall remain vacant of trees, shrubs, fences, posts, etc.
(7) 
Curbs must be a minimum of six inches above road grade and should be offset a minimum of one foot more than designed road widths. Curbs must be continuous around corners with a minimum fifty-foot tangent of roadways.
(8) 
Cul-de-sac streets shall be a minimum of 400 feet in length and must have a minimum one-hundred-foot-diameter paved circle with a one-hundred-twenty-foot right-of-way diameter minimum. A maximum length of 1,000 feet is allowed. See diagrams.
(9) 
All piped drainage must have a minimum twenty-year life span, a minimum grade of 1/8 inch per foot.
(10) 
Road alignment between control points should be as high a standard as is commensurate with the topography, terrain, the design traffic and the reasonably obtainable right-of-way. Sudden changes between curves of widely different radii or between long tangents and sharp curves must be avoided. Insofar as feasible, the design should embody frequent passing opportunities. Where crest vertical curves and horizontal curves occur at the same location, there must be above minimum sight distance design to assure that the horizontal curve is visible as drivers approach. The road right-of-way must be wider at these locations.
(11) 
Curves shall not have less than a one-hundred-fifty-foot radius for local residential streets; not less than a three-hundred-foot radius for rural roads and streets; and not less than a five-hundred-foot radius for major thoroughfares and primary roads.
(12) 
No more than 19 houses of the single-family type will be allowed on a street or road with only one public exit and/or access.
(13) 
Public roadway requirements shall be the same requirements for private roadways to be built, to be used by the general public.
(14) 
On all roads with grades greater than 8%, 3 1/2 inches or more of a dense cold-mix asphalt will be required with a slurry-seal asphalt wearing surface applied as per town specifications.
(15) 
Side slopes of a roadway must not exceed a slope of 4:1 for stability and traffic safety.
(16) 
All pipe inverts have a maximum depth of 10 feet below the road surface. See § 135-5B(6)(d).
(17) 
All utilities to be located in the town right-of-way must be approved by the town before the road is dedicated or accepted and must be installed prior to roadway acceptance by the town.
(18) 
Any guide rail system must be a minimum of 17 feet from the center line of a two-lane roadway and meet current New York State Department of Transportation (NYSDOT) requirements.
B. 
Specific requirements.
(1) 
Street and road width.
(a) 
Local residential streets: minimum two lanes, each 14 feet wide and with one-foot shoulders along the edges.
(b) 
Rural street or road: minimum two lanes, each 14 feet wide with minimum one-foot-wide gravel shoulders on each side of the roadway.
(c) 
Collector street or road: minimum two lanes, 11 feet wide and one eight-foot parking lane with curbing along the edges, with three-foot gravel shoulders along the edges.
(d) 
Primary or major thoroughfare: minimum two lanes, 12 feet wide with one lane 10 feet wide with curbing or with one-foot shoulders of gravel.
(2) 
Right-of-way widths: sixty-foot minimum. Larger right-of-way widths depend on drainage, maintenance, topography and future traffic growth resulting in more safety for the motorist and property owner and more economical maintenance. A major or primary thoroughfare shall have a minimum sixty-foot right-of-way, preferably a seventy-five-foot right-of-way.
(3) 
Curve radius at intersections.
(a) 
Local and rural streets or roads with or without curbs: a thirty-foot minimum at right triangles.
(b) 
Primary and collector streets or roads with or without curbs: a forty-foot minimum.
(4) 
Alignment of intersecting streets. Intersecting streets or roads shall meet at approximately a ninety-degree angle; never at an angle less than 75°. Intersections must be aligned opposite each other coming onto the same street or road.
(5) 
Sight distances. (Note: NYSDOT is the only agency that can set speed limits in the town.)
(a) 
For the placement of intersections and private driveways.
[1] 
Streets or roads at 60 miles per hour: a minimum of 600 feet.
[2] 
Streets or roads at 50 miles per hour: a minimum of 500 feet.
[3] 
Streets or roads at 40 miles per hour: a minimum of 400 feet.
[4] 
Streets or roads at 30 miles per hour: a minimum of 300 feet.
[5] 
Streets or roads at 20 miles per hour: a minimum of 200 feet.
(b) 
These distances are presuming there is less than a three-foot change in vertical and horizontal curves of the approaching roadways for these distances.
(6) 
Drainage along roadways required on all roads and streets.
(a) 
Along curbing, a minimum slope of 1/2 foot per 100 feet along the road. Below-grade collector drains must be placed a maximum of 500 feet apart on each side of the roadway.
(b) 
Two-foot-wide concrete swayle at the outside edge of the pavement may be substituted for curbing where curbing may not be feasible.
(c) 
Open ditches must have a minimum grade of 2% and a maximum grade of 10% within the roadway. Some permanent kind of erosion control must be incorporated on all runoff grades. Grades of 5% or more must have substantially more erosion control design. All open ditches must be a minimum of 23 feet from the center line of the driving lanes of a two-lane road. All open ditches must be a minimum of one foot deeper than the outside edge of pavement, to a maximum of four feet.
(d) 
Where finish grade on the drainage ditch is in excess of five feet per 100 feet, the ditch shall be paved with bituminous materials concrete swayle or rip-rap lined as required or approved by the town. Also see § 178-5A(14).
(e) 
All pipes under roads and driveways must have a minimum 12 inches of cover material above the pipe. See § 135-5A(16).
(f) 
Any wet areas in the subgrade must have weeper pipes installed to drain that area prior to the laying of filter fabric and gravel.
(7) 
Subgrade.
(a) 
The subgrade under all paved areas, including ditch backslope, shall be brought to the true grade as indicated in the cross-section. All topsoil and organic materials shall be removed before preparation of the subgrade. Any areas that are below grade shall be brought to grade with suitable compacted gravel materials and shall be adequately shaped. After bringing the subgrade to shape, it shall be rolled with a smooth steel wheel roller weighing not less than 10 tons. After rolling, the surface shall be true grade in cross-section, and any depression shall be satisfactorily eliminated. Any soft or unsuitable material shall be removed and replaced as directed by the town, and again reshaped and re-rolled until there is no movement under the roller.
(b) 
Any subgrade drainage must be taken care of before doing the subbase course.
(8) 
Subbase course.
(a) 
The subbase shall be placed on filter fabric that meets or exceeds the specifications for Exxon Chemical Company's stabilization fabric No. GTF-200 (a woven geotextile) and must have a minimum twelve-inch overlap where ends or edges meet and be a minimum of 28 feet wide in the roadway of a two-lane road, centered.
(b) 
The subbase course shall consist of a minimum 10 or more inches of clean bank-run gravel with no stones over six inches in diameter, with compaction requirements the same as the subgrade.
(c) 
All bank run gravel must come from a state-approved gravel bed and have less than 7% material passing a No. 200 sieve.
(d) 
The base course depth may be increased as directed by the town if the town considers the subgrade poor and it warrants building a stronger roadway base.
(9) 
Base course.
(a) 
The base course shall consist of a minimum of four or more inches of approved crusher run limestone of which the sieve analysis shall be two inches or less, consistent with Item 703-02 in accordance with the New York State Public Works Specifications. The base course shall be laid in courses of not more than four inches of compacted material at any one time, with proper rolling with a ten-ton roller at the completion of each course of gravel. All holes or depressions found in rolling shall be filled with gravel, and the surface shall be re-rolled until it conforms to the lines and grades shown on the cross-section. In all cases, the course must be so thoroughly compacted that it will not weave under the roller. This course shall not be laid in excess of 500 linear feet without being rolled and thoroughly filled so as to render it waterproof.
(b) 
The Town Highway Superintendent shall determine the depth of the base course within the limits specified, dependent on field conditions.
(c) 
In all cases, the materials used for the base course and the construction methods shall be carried out in accordance with said Item 703-02. Subgrade preparation under the ditch backslope shall be consistent with the subgrade furnished under the pavement areas.
(d) 
After the base course has been completed, it shall be treated with calcium chloride at the rate of 1/3 of a gallon of 712-02 Type B per square yard. This course shall be left at least five calendar months before applying the surface course to allow for settling. The contractor shall repeat the application as required by the town, until the top surfacing course has been completed.
(10) 
Surfacing.
(a) 
The laying of the courses of asphalt will not be permitted until the base course has been in place for at least two months. All the asphalt courses shall only be applied after May 15 and before 15 October and must be applied with a power chipper. The temperature must be 60° F. or above and dry weather.
(b) 
Prior to laying this course, the base course shall be brought to line and cross-section, as shown on the plans, shall be thoroughly compacted and shall be approved, in writing, by the town.
(c) 
The surface shall then be sealed by two applications of 1/2 gallon per square yard of (State DOT approved) MS-2 type oil and followed by a coating of Number One crushed limestone at the rate of approximately 30 pounds per square yard, per each course, immediately after the spreading of the oil.
(d) 
A wearing surface shall then be provided covering the finished oil and stone courses using the town-specified slurry-seal mix. All excess stone shall be swept off the roadway, and any repairs needed shall be done before the last application of surfacing. No traffic will be allowed on this last application for at least 24 hours.
(11) 
Road cuts.
(a) 
No open cuts in the roadway will be permitted after placing of surface courses except as approved, in writing, by the town. Bituminous and stone materials, and placing of materials, shall be consistent with the latest New York State Public Works (DOT). Street cross-section shall be consistent with the plan attached unless otherwise approved, in writing, by the town.
(b) 
If utilities are not installed prior to the roadway building, then PVC pipe sleeves must be installed for utilities running under the roadway ditchline to ditchline prior to any construction of the road base. All PVC pipe sleeve sizes must be installed at each appropriate utility's size and depth required.
(12) 
Performance bond.
(a) 
Roads or streets will not be accepted for dedication or for maintenance by the town until they have been completed and approved by the town or until a performance bond has been furnished to the town to assure their completion.
(b) 
If the road contractor or developer wishes to submit a bond and the town is willing to accept a bond to assure completion of the roadway, then the contractor shall provide a bond of such type and of such amount that is requested by the town. In no case will a bond be considered until the base course and calcium chloride, or equivalent bituminous material, has been satisfactorily applied. The amount of bond shall not be less than $15 per linear foot of road, nor less than $6,000.
(13) 
Roadway diagrams.
TYPICAL ROAD CROSS SECTIONS
RURAL STREET OR ROAD AND LOCAL RESIDENTIAL STREET
60-FOOT RIGHT-OF-WAY
COLLECTOR STREET OR ROAD AND PRIMARY OR MAJOR THOROUGHFARE
60-FOOT MINIMUM RIGHT-OF-WAY