A.
Required. Plans and specifications of plumbing work,
together with an application signed by the owner or his agent for a permit,
must be submitted to the Inspector of Plumbing for approval, and a permit
must be obtained before any part of the building or work is commenced.
B.
Contents. There shall be a separate plan for each building,
public or private, accompanied by specifications describing the drainage of
said building on blanks prescribed and furnished for this purpose, showing
the size and kind of pipe, traps, closets, fixtures, etc., to be used, the
same to be examined and placed on file in the office of the Department or
Board of Health.
C.
Preparation. Plans must be made by the architect or engineer
where one is employed.
Application for a change in plans or work in the building must be made,
in writing, by the plumber, duly signed by the owner or his agent, and a written
permit obtained from the Board of Health before any part of the change is
commenced.
If any work done under the provisions of this chapter shall necessitate
trench or street cuts, the person performing such work shall furnish to the
city a security bond in the amount required by the city.
Any owner wishing to install plumbing in his own residence only shall
obtain permission from the Plumbing Inspector[1] to do such work, file proper plans and pay the regular fees and
comply with the requirements of this chapter; and in such event, the word
"owner" shall be substituted for the word "plumber" throughout the chapter.
[1]
Editor's Note: The original words "Plumbing Board" have been
changed to "Plumbing Inspector" at the request of the city, in accordance
with L.L. No. 2-1994.
Where a public sewer is accessible in a street, alley, easement or thoroughfare
to a building or premises abutting thereon, the liquid wastes from any plumbing
system in said building shall be discharged into the public sewer unless otherwise
prohibited.
Where the liquid wastes from any plumbing system are not discharged
into a public sewer, such wastes shall be so treated or disposed of as not
to endanger any water supply that is or may be used for drinking or domestic
purposes or so as not to create any nuisance or unsanitary condition.
No septic tank shall be located less than 20 feet from an occupied building,
except by special permission of the Plumbing Inspector or the Board of Health,
nor shall a septic tank be located within or under a building, nor shall a
septic tank be connected to a sewer.
A.
Discharge into public sewer. Corrosive or harmful wastes
and wastes at a temperature higher than 140° F. shall not be discharged
into a public sewer.
B.
Discharge into plumbing system. Such wastes shall not
be discharged into a plumbing system to which water closets, bathtubs, lavatories
or other household plumbing fixtures are connected. The plumbing system designed
to receive such wastes shall be of a material capable of resisting the destructive
action of such wastes.
C.
Use of cooling device. Where fixtures discharge wastes
at a temperature higher than 140° F., they shall be provided with a satisfactory
cooling device.
A.
Discharge into sewers prohibited. No explosive or flammable
matters shall be discharged into any sewer.
B.
Intercepting tank or pit required. Cleaning establishments,
buildings used for housing or repairing automobiles, gasoline and oil service
stations and other buildings or establishments where gasoline, oils, calcium
carbide or other explosives or flammable materials are stored, sold or handled,
the drains from which are connected to the public sewers, must be provided
with an approved intercepting pit or tank so constructed, located and maintained
as to prevent the entrance into the sewer of such explosive or flammable matter.
Such intercepting tank or pit shall be approved by the Plumbing Inspector
or the Board of Health.
A.
Grades of horizontal piping. All horizontal piping shall
be run in practical alignment and at a uniform grade of not less than 1/8
inch per foot and shall be supported or anchored at intervals not to exceed
10 feet. All stacks shall be supported at their bases, and all pipes shall
be rigidly secured.
B.
Changes in direction. All changes in direction shall
be made by the appropriate use of forty-five-degree wyes, half-wyes, long-sweep
quarter bends or sixth-, eighth- or sixteenth-bends, except that sanitary
tees or offsets may be used on vertical stacks and short quarter-bends may
be used in soil and waste lines where the change in direction of flow is from
the horizontal to the vertical. Tees and crosses may be used in vent pipes.
C.
Prohibited fittings. No T's or Y's shall be
used on horizontal soil or drain lines. The drilling and tapping of house
drains, soil, waste or vent pipes and the use of saddle hubs and bands are
prohibited.
D.
Dead ends. In the installation of any drainage system,
dead ends shall be avoided.
E.
Offsets in mains. Offsets in the mains of all stacks shall be avoided, but when unavoidable, they shall be made with fittings as described in Subsection B.
F.
Stack; pipe supports.
(1)
All freestanding stacks shall be thoroughly supported
on concrete or masonry piers at their base, and those 40 feet or more in height
shall also be provided with footrests at their bases and also with floor or
supports at intervals of 10 feet.
(2)
The pipe supports, according to their location, shall
be made either with heavy iron posts, hangers, wall brackets or steel fittings
or concrete or masonry piers, provided that no brick pier shall be less than
eight inches square. The use of pipe hooks shall be prohibited for larger
than one-and-one-half-inch pipes.
G.
Protection of pipes against breakage and corrosion. All
pipes passing under or through walls shall be protected from breakage. All
pipes passing through or under cinder concrete or other corrosive material
shall be protected against external corrosion.
If required, suitable toilet facilities should be provided for the use
of workmen during the construction of any building. These toilet facilities
shall be maintained in a sanitary condition.
A.
Freedom from defects required. All materials used in
any drainage or plumbing system or part thereof shall be free from defects.
B.
Material to be stamped or marked. Each length of soil,
pipe, fittings and device used in a plumbing or drainage system shall be stamped
or indelibly marked with the weight or quality thereof and the maker's
mark or name.
C.
New materials. Any other material than that specified
in this chapter which the Board of Overseers approves as being equally efficient
may be permitted.[1]
[1]
Editor's Note: The words "Examining Board of Plumbers" have been
changed here and throughout this chapter to "Board of Overseers," where applicable,
at the request of the city, in accordance with L.L. No. 2-1994.
D.
Vitrified clay pipe. All vitrified clay pipe shall conform
to the American Society for Testing and Materials, Standard Specifications
for Clay Sewer Pipe, Serial Designation C 13-24.
E.
Cast-iron pipe.
(1)
Quality. All cast-iron pipe and fittings shall conform
to the American Society for Testing and Materials, Standard Specifications
for Cast-Iron Soil Pipe and Fittings, Serial Designation A 74-18.
(2)
Coating. All cast-iron pipe and fittings for underground
use shall be coated with asphaltum or coal tar pitch.
(3)
Soil pipe and fittings. All soil pipe and fittings used
are to be of a weight known as "standard," except in buildings over three
stories high, then all soil pipe and fittings used shall be of a weight known
as "extra heavy."
F.
Wrought iron pipe. All wrought iron pipe shall conform
to the American Society for Testing and Materials, Standard Specifications
for Welded Wrought Iron Pipe, Serial Designation A 72-27, and shall be galvanized.
G.
Steel pipe. All steel pipe shall conform to the American
Society for Testing and Materials, Standard Specifications for Welded and
Seamless Steel Pipe, Serial Designation A 53-27, and shall be galvanized.
H.
Brass and copper pipe. Brass and copper pipe shall conform,
respectively, to the Standard Specifications of the American Society for Testing
and Materials for Brass Pipe, Standard Sizes, for Copper Pipe Standard Sizes,
for Copper Pipe and Fittings Standard Sizes and for Copper Tubing, Serial
Number, brass pipe, B 43-58, tube, B135-58, copper drainage tube, D.W.V. B
306-59, and water tube, K-L-M-B 88-58, respectively.
I.
Lead pipe; diameter and weights. All lead pipe shall
be of the best quality of drawn pipe of not less weight per linear foot than
as follows:
(1)
Lead soil, waste, vent or flush pipes, including bends
and traps (extra light):
|
Internal Diameter
(inches)
|
Weight Per Foot
| |
|---|---|---|
|
1
|
2 pounds
| |
|
1 1/4
|
2 pounds 8 ounces
| |
|
1 1/2
|
3 pounds 8 ounces
| |
|
2
|
4 pounds
| |
|
3
|
4 pounds 12 ounces
| |
|
4
|
6 pounds
|
J.
Sheet lead. Sheet lead shall weigh not less than four
pounds per square foot.
K.
Sheet copper or brass. Sheet copper or brass shall be
not lighter than No. 18 Brown and Sharp gauge, except that for local interior
ventilating pipe, it shall be not lighter than No. 26 Brown and Sharp gauge.
M.
Fittings.
(1)
Plain screwed fittings. Plain screwed fittings shall
be of cast-iron, malleable iron or brass of standard weight and dimensions.
(2)
Drainage fittings. Drainage fittings shall be of cast-iron,
malleable iron or brass, with a smooth interior waterway, with threads tapped
out of solid metal.
(3)
Malleable and cast-iron fittings. All malleable and cast-iron
fittings shall be galvanized.
(4)
Fittings for copper tubing. All fittings for copper tubing
shall be brass and shall have a smooth interior waterway reamed out of solid
material for the inserting of copper tubing.
N.
Brass caulking ferrules; weights and dimensions. Brass
caulking ferrules shall be of the best quality red cast brass, with weights
and dimensions in accordance with the following table:
|
Pipe size
(inches)
|
Actual Inside Diameter
(inches)
|
Length
(inches)
|
Weight
| |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2
|
2
|
4
|
1 pound
| |
|
3
|
3
|
4
|
1 pound 8 ounces
| |
|
4
|
4
|
4
|
2 pounds 4 ounces
|
O.
Soldering nipples. Soldering nipples shall be of brass
pipe, iron size or of heavy, cast red brass not less than the following weights:
|
Diameter
(inches)
|
Weight
| |
|---|---|---|
|
1 1/4
|
6 ounces
| |
|
1 1/2
|
8 ounces
| |
|
2
|
14 ounces
| |
|
2 1/2
|
1 pound 6 ounces
| |
|
3
|
2 pounds
| |
|
4
|
3 pounds 8 ounces
|
P.
Floor flanges for water closets. Floor flanges for water
closets shall be not less than 3/16 inch thick and of brass or cast-iron.
Q.
Blowoff pipes. Blowoff pipes from boilers or heating
plants shall be of cast-iron, wrought iron or steel.
A.
Joints and connections to be gas- and watertight. All
joints and connections mentioned under this section shall be made permanently
gas- and watertight.
B.
Vitrified pipe joints. All joints in vitrified clay pipes
between vitrified clay pipe and metal shall be yarned and poured with hot
jointing material.
C.
Caulked joints. All caulked joints shall be firmly packed
with oakum or hemp and shall be secured only with pure lead not less than
one inch deep, well caulked, and no paint, varnish or putty will be permitted
until after the joint is tested.
D.
Screw joints. All screw joints shall be American Standard
screw joints, and all burrs or cuttings shall be removed.
E.
Cast-iron joints. Cast-iron joints may be either caulked
or screw joints made in the approved manner.
F.
Wrought iron, steel or brass to cast-iron joints. The
joints may be either screwed or caulked joints made in the approved manner.
G.
Lead pipe joints. Joints in lead pipe or between lead
pipe and brass or copper pipes, ferrules, soldering nipples, bushings or traps,
in all cases on the sewer side of the trap and in concealed joints on the
inlet side of the trap, shall be full-wiped joints, with an exposed surface
of the solder to each side of the joint of not less than 3/4 inch and a minimum
thickness at the thickest part of the joint of not less than 3/8 inch. Except
in concealed and inaccessible positions, other types of joints may be permitted
if approved by the Board of Overseers.[1]
[1]
Editor's Note: The words "Examining Board of Plumbers" have been
changed here and throughout this chapter to "Board of Overseers," where applicable,
at the request of the city, in accordance with L.L. No. 2-1994.
H.
Sweat joints. Sweat joints shall be made by means of
carrying the liquefied solder around the entire surface between the pipe and
fittings by capillary attraction. Copper tubing is to be cut square so as
to butt square against the shoulder of the fitting.
I.
Lead to cast-iron, steel or wrought iron joints. Lead
to cast-iron, steel or wrought iron joints shall be made by means of a caulking
ferrule, soldering nipples or bushing.
J.
Slip joints and unions. Slip joints will be permitted
in trap seals or on the inlet side of the trap. Unions on the sewer side of
the trap may be slip joints if not concealed or enclosed.
K.
Roof joints. The joints at the roof shall be made watertight
by use of copper, lead or iron plates or flashings.
L.
Closet, pedestal, urinal and trap, standard slop sink
and floor connections. A brass floor connection shall be wiped or soldered
to lead pipe, an iron floor connection shall be caulked to cast-iron pipe
or an iron floor connection caulked or screwed to wrought iron pipe and the
floor connection bolted to an earthenware trap flange. A metal to earthenware,
a metal to metal union or a lead or asbestos gasket, spun-rubber gasket, putty
or approved wax seal shall be used to make a tight joint.
M.
Increasers and reducers. Where different sizes of pipes
or pipes and fittings are to be connected, proper size increasers or reducers
between the two sizes shall be used.
N.
Prohibited joints and connections. Any fitting or connection
which has an enlargement, chamber or recess with a ledge shoulder or reduction
of the pipe area in the direction of the flow on the outlet or drain side
of any trap is prohibited. No saddles shall be permitted on waste or vent
lines.
O.
Expansion bolts. Connections of wall hangers, pipe supports
or fixture settings with masonry, stone or concrete backing shall be made
with expansion bolts without the use of wooden plugs.
A.
Kinds of traps required.
(1)
Generally. Every trap shall be self-cleaning. Traps for
bathtubs, lavatories, sinks and other similar fixtures shall be of lead, brass,
cast iron or of malleable iron, galvanized or porcelain-enameled inside. Galvanized
or porcelain-enameled traps shall have a full-bore smooth interior waterway,
with threads tapped out of solid metal.
(2)
Sizes. The minimum size (nominal inside diameter) of
trap and waste branch for a given fixture shall be not less than shown in
the following table:
|
Kind of Fixture
|
Size of Trap and Branch
(inches)
| |
|
Baths, foot
|
1 1/2
| |
|
Baths, shower stall
|
2
| |
|
Baths, sitz
|
1 1/2
| |
|
Bathtubs
|
1 1/2
| |
|
Bidets
|
1 1/2
| |
|
Combination fixtures
|
1 1/2
| |
|
Drinking fountains
|
1 1/4
| |
|
Fountain cuspidors
|
1 1/4
| |
|
Floor drains
|
2
| |
|
Laundry trays
|
1 1/2
| |
|
Lavatories
|
1 1/4
| |
|
Sinks, dishwasher
|
1 1/2
| |
|
Sinks, hotel or public
|
2
| |
|
Sinks, kitchen, residence
|
1 1/2
| |
|
Sinks, large hotel or public
|
2
| |
|
Sinks, slop, with trap combined
|
3
| |
|
Sinks, slop, ordinary
|
2
| |
|
Sinks, small, pantry or bar
|
1 1/4
| |
|
Urinals, lip
|
1 1/2
| |
|
Urinals, pedestal
|
3
| |
|
Urinals, stall
|
2
| |
|
Urinals, trough
|
2
| |
|
Water closets
|
3
|
B.
Prohibited traps. No form of trap which depends for its
seal upon the action of movable parts or concealed interior partitions shall
be used for fixtures. Where there is an antisiphon trap already installed,
such trap may be replaced with the same type of trap.
C.
Location and number of traps; double-trap prohibited.
Each fixture shall be separately trapped by a water-seal trap placed as near
to the fixtures as possible, except that a set of not more than three laundry
trays or lavatories or a set of two laundry trays and one sink may connect
with a single trap. In no case shall the waste from a bathtub or other fixture
discharge into a water closet trap. No fixtures shall be double-trapped.
D.
House trap and fresh-air inlet. On sanitary house sewers
or drains, there shall be placed in such sewer or drain a running trap, which
trap shall have two four-inch handholes and which shall be connected to a
Y-branch trap placed in the cellar as near as possible to the building or
foundation wall. Just ahead of the house trap, a fresh-air inlet shall be
connected and run to the outside of the building. The fresh-air inlet shall
not be less than four inches and the outside opening of the same shall be
left not less than 12 inches above finished grade and not less than eight
feet from any window, door or opening; also the opening of the same shall
be properly capped to permit free entry of air. Where there is no cellar under
the building, the house or building trap is to be placed underground as near
as possible to the outside of the building wall.
E.
Water seal. Each fixture trap shall have a water seal
of not less than two inches and not more than five inches, except grease traps.
F.
Trap cleanouts. Each trap, except those in combination
with fixtures in which the trap seal is plainly visible and accessible, shall
be provided with an accessible brass trap screw of ample size, protected by
the water seal. All concealed traps in floors shall have not less than a four-inch
screw cleanout. The cleanout shall be accessible above the floor.
G.
Trap levels and protection. All traps shall be set true
with respect to their water seals and protected from frost and evaporation.
H.
Pipe cleanouts.
(1)
Specifications. The bodies of cleanout ferrules shall
be made of standard pipe sizes, shall conform in thickness to that required
for pipe and fittings of the same metal and shall extend not less than 1/4
inch above the hub. The cleanout cap or plug shall be of heavy brass not less
than 1/8 inch thick and shall be provided with a raised nut or recessed socket
for removal.
(2)
Locations and sizes. A cleanout easily accessible shall
be placed at the foot of each vertical waste or soil stack and one shall be
placed at the end of the Y-branch of the house sewer. One cleanout shall be
placed in each of the two handholes in the main house or building trap and
also at the end of any horizontal soil or waste line that is over five feet
in length. Cleanouts shall be the same size as the waste line up to four inches
and not less than four inches for larger lines.
I.
Manholes. All underground traps and cleanouts of a building,
except where cleanouts are extended flush with the floor, and all exterior
underground traps shall be made accessible by a manhole with proper cover
or with cleanouts carried flush with the finished grade.
J.
Cleanouts. Any floor or wall connection of fixture traps,
when bolted or screwed to the floor or wall, shall be regarded as a cleanout.
K.
Grease traps and catch basins; use and installation regulated.
(1)
Where required. In any building where quantities of grease or oily wastes are discharged, a water-cooled grease trap shall be provided on each fixture through which such wastes are discharged or a grease catch basin shall be installed to intercept such wastes before they enter the house drain or house sewer. Where a grease catch basin is used, each fixture shall be separately trapped as provided in Subsection C above.
(2)
Installation and protection. Whenever possible, the grease
catch basin shall be installed outside of the wall of the building as near
as possible to the fixtures from which it receives the discharge. Such a trap
or catch basin shall be protected, where necessary, against freezing.
(3)
Prohibited discharges. No human or fresh animal excrement
shall be discharged into a grease catch basin, either directly or through
any inlet pipe.
L.
Location and specifications of grease traps. Where a
grease trap is installed, it shall be placed as near as possible to the fixture
from which it receives the discharge, and it shall have double the capacity
of said fixture. It should be self-cleaning as regards sediment solids but
large enough to chill and retain grease until manually cleaned. The outlet
leg shall be so vented or installed as to preclude the possibility of self-siphonage.
M.
Construction and capacity of grease catch basins. A grease
catch basin shall be constructed in a watertight and substantial manner of
steel, iron, brick, concrete, vitrified clay or masonry. The outlet pipe shall
be one size larger than the inlet pipe and in no case less than four inches
in diameter. The outlet shall be provided with an inverted bend and cleanout,
it shall be submerged at least eight inches, and it shall receive liquid as
close to the bottom as possible, and the bottom shall be formed that the sedimented
solids will be scoured out at each discharge. The catch basin shall be so
vented and installed so as to preclude the possibility of siphoning. The inlet
shall enter near the water surface. The catch basin should have a tight masonry,
vitrified clay or metal cover, readily removable and accessible for the removal
of grease. The capacity of the catch basin should be not less than the maximum
hourly inflow, except that for garages the capacity shall not be less than
three by four (3 x 4) feet, unless special permission is given by the Board
of Health.
N.
Sand traps and catch basins.
(1)
Where required; prohibited discharge. Sand traps or catch
basins shall be installed on the waste pipe from any fixture or yard, stable,
manure pit, cellar, floor or subsoil drain or roof leader or other waste,
the discharges from which may contain sand or other gritty or clogging matter.
The passing of human excrement through a sand trap or catch basin is prohibited.
(2)
Design and construction. Sand traps and catch basins, when installed, shall be so designed and placed as to be readily accessible for cleaning. They shall be so constructed in the same general manner as provided for grease catch basins in Subsection M above, except that they shall be at least 20 inches in inside diameter, and where possible, the outlet shall be at least four feet below the surface of the ground. The outlet shall be submerged at least eight inches and shall be not less than 15 inches above the bottom of the basin.
(3)
Ventilation. Where the waste passing through a sand trap
or catch basin may contain foul-smelling matter and said sand trap or catch
basin is located within a courtyard or within 12 feet of the outside walls
of a building or within a building or said sand trap or catch basin is connected
to a pipe or receptacle containing sewage or is connected to a plumbing system
in such manner that ventilation through the entering soil pipe is not always
possible, said sand trap or catch basin shall be vented with a two-inch vent
pipe. Said vent pipe shall be connected to the highest practicable point in
the sand trap or catch basin.
O.
Gasoline and oil traps.
(1)
Where required; prohibited discharge. A gasoline and
oil trap shall be provided on the waste from all garages, automobile wash
floors, cleaning establishments or establishments from which gasoline, benzine
or other similar substance is discharged. The passing of human or animal excrement
through such a trap is prohibited.
(2)
Construction and capacity. A gasoline and oil trap shall be constructed in the same general manner as provided for a grease catch basin in Subsection M above. The capacity of the gasoline or oil trap shall be not less than twice the maximum hourly inflow.
(3)
Ventilation. All gasoline and oil traps shall be vented
with a four-inch or larger vent pipe leading from the highest practicable
point in the trap.
P.
Floor drains; trapping regulated. All floor drains shall
connect into a trap so constructed that it can be readily cleaned and of a
size to serve efficiently the purpose for which it is intended. The drain
inlet shall be so located that it is at all times in full view. Such drains
shall be equipped with an adequate backwater valve.
Q.
Backwater valves; construction. Backwater valves shall
have all bearing parts or balls of noncorrodible metal and be so constructed
as to ensure a positive mechanical seal and remain closed except when discharging
wastes.
A.
Distribution of domestic and drinking water supply. The
domestic and drinking water supply shall be distributed through a piping system
entirely independent of any piping system conveying another water supply.
B.
Size of water service pipe. The water service pipe of
any building shall be of sufficient size to permit a continuous ample flow
of water on all floors at a given time.
C.
Water supply to fixtures.
(1)
Generally. All plumbing fixtures shall be provided with
a sufficient supply of water for flushing to keep them in a sanitary condition.
Every water closet or pedestal urinal shall be flushed by means of an approved
tank or flush valve of at least four gallons' flushing capacity for water
closets and at least two gallons for urinals and shall be adjusted to prevent
the waste of water. The flush pipe for water closet flush tanks shall be not
less than two inches in diameter, and the water from flush tanks shall be
used for no other purpose.
(2)
Pollution. No plumbing fixtures or device shall be supplied
directly from a water supply system through a flushometer or other valve unless
such valve is installed in a manner such as to prevent any possibility of
polluting the water supply.
(3)
Interconnection. No plumbing fixture, device or construction
shall be installed which will provide an interconnection between a distributing
system of water for drinking and domestic purposes and a drainage, soil or
waste pipe so as to permit or make possible the backflow of sewage or waste
into the water supply system.
D.
Size of water supply pipe. The minimum size of water
service pipes from the curb to the dwelling shall be no smaller than 1/2 inch
and to fixtures as follows:
|
Fixture
|
Minimum Size
(inches)
| |
|---|---|---|
|
Bathtubs
|
1/2
| |
|
Flush valves, closets
|
1
| |
|
Flush valves, urinals
|
3/4
| |
|
Hot-water boilers
|
1/2
| |
|
Laundry trays
|
1/2
| |
|
Lavatories
|
3/8
| |
|
Sill cocks
|
1/2
| |
|
Sinks
|
1/2
| |
|
Urinals
|
1/2
| |
|
Water closet tanks
|
3/8
|
E.
Water supply control. A main shutoff on the water supply
line shall be provided between the building wall and the curbline. An accessible
shutoff shall be provided on the main supply line just inside the foundation
wall which shall control the water supply to the entire building. Accessible
shutoffs shall also be provided which shall separately control the water supply
for each flat or apartment of a building, for each lawn sprinkler, for each
hot-water tank and for each water closet.
F.
Water supply pipes and fittings; material. All water
supply pipes for a plumbing system shall be of galvanized wrought iron or
steel, brass, copper or cast iron, with brass or galvanized malleable iron
fittings. No pipe or fittings that have been used for other purposes shall
be used for distributing water. Joints shall be caulked, screwed, sweat or
swedged.
G.
Protection of water supply. All concealed water pipes
and storage tanks and all exposed pipes or tanks subject to freezing temperatures
shall be efficiently protected against freezing.
H.
Relief valves. Wherever a check valve or water meter
is installed on the cold water supply pipe between the street main and the
hot-water tank, there shall be installed on the hot-water distributing system
a suitable relief valve.
I.
Pumps and hydrants. All pumps and hydrants shall be protected
from surface water and contamination.
J.
High-pressure steam boiler feed. The high-pressure steam
boiler shall not be supplied with water directly from public water supply
pipes. All such boilers shall be provided with a tank or other receptacle
of sufficient capacity to hold not less than six hours' supply for the
boiler.
A.
Water closets, urinals and similar receptacles; materials
prescribed.
(1)
All receptacles used as water closets, urinals or otherwise
for the disposal of human excreta shall be vitrified earthenware.
(2)
Where acid or water contaminated with acid is to be wasted,
the fixtures, pipe and fittings in both waste and vent lines and connections
to sewers must be of acidproof materials (lead, glass or Dur iron).
B.
Installation generally. All plumbing fixtures shall be
installed free and open in a manner to afford access for cleaning. When practical,
all pipes from fixtures shall be run to the wall, and no lead trap or pipe
shall extend nearer to the floor than 12 inches unless protected by casing.
C.
Water closet bowls and traps. Water closet bowls and
traps shall be made in one piece and of such form as to hold sufficient quantity
of water, when filled to the trap overflow, to prevent fouling of surface
and shall be provided with integral flushing rims constructed so as to flush
the entire interior of the bowl.
D.
Frostproof closets. Frostproof closets may be installed
only in compartments which have no direct connection with a building used
for human habitation or occupancy. The soil pipe between the hopper and the
trap shall be three inches in diameter and shall be of lead or cast iron,
enameled on the inside.
E.
Flushing tanks for groups of urinals. A group of urinals
on the same floor subject to constant use, as in schools and factories, may
be supplied from one tank if provided with an automatic simultaneous flush,
provided that each individual urinal shall receive not less than one gallon
of water at each flushing and the discharge is of such force as to cleanse
each individual bowl at each flush.
F.
Automatic flushing tanks. All urinals having either intermittent
or automatic flushing devices shall be flushed at regular intervals not to
exceed 10 minutes each during the hours that such fixtures are in use.
G.
Construction of urinals. All urinals other than those
heretofore prescribed shall be constructed of enameled iron that will not
corrode under the action of urine. The lip of all stall urinals must be set
below the top of the floor so that all water or urine will drain from the
floor to the urinal waste outlet, or a separate floor drain shall be provided
for the toilet room.
H.
Prohibited fixtures. Fixed wooden washtrays or sinks
shall not be installed in any building designed or used for human habitation.
No new copper-lined wooden bathtubs shall be installed, and an old fixture
of this class taken out shall not be reconnected. Pan and valve plungers,
offset washouts and other water closets having invisible seals or unventilated
space or walls not thoroughly washed at each flush shall not be used. Long
hopper closets or similar appliances shall not hereafter be installed. No
dry closet or chemical closet shall be installed.
I.
Shower drains. A shower drain shall be considered a fixture
and provided with a strainer.
J.
Fixture strainers. All fixtures other than water closets
and pedestal urinals shall be provided with fixed strong metallic strainers
with outlet areas not less than that of the interior of the trap and waste
pipe.
K.
Fixture overflow. The overflow pipe from a fixture shall
be connected on the house or inlet side of the trap and shall be so arranged
that it may be readily and effectively cleaned.
A.
Location of fixtures restricted. No trapped plumbing
fixtures shall be located in any room or apartment which does not contain
a window placed in an external wall of the building or is not provided with
a system of ventilation.
B.
Compartments containing not more than four water closets.
Compartments containing not more than four water closets or their equivalent
shall be located in an apartment containing windows, of sufficient area to
ventilate properly the compartment, placed in the external walls of the building
or shall be provided with a mechanical means of ventilation which will change
the air at a normal temperature at least six times per hour.
C.
Compartments containing more than four water closets.
Compartments containing more than four water closets or their equivalent shall
be located either in an apartment containing windows and provided with a gravity
or mechanical system of ventilation which will change the air at normal temperature
not less than six times per hour or may be placed in a compartment without
windows in the external wall of the building, provided that a mechanical system
of ventilation is installed which will change the air at normal temperature
not less than six times per hour.
D.
Size of window or skylight. Every toilet room and every
water closet or urinal compartment, unless provided with a suitable system
of exhaust ventilation, shall be ventilated directly to the outer air by movable
windows or by skylights with fixed or pivoted louvers. Every such toilet room
or compartment shall have a window or glass skylight not less than one foot
wide and an area of not less than six square feet for one water closet or
urinal, and the area of the window or skylight shall be increased by at least
one square foot for every additional water closet or urinal.
E.
Mechanical ventilation systems. If a mechanical system
of ventilation is used, such system shall consist of metal or smooth masonry
ducts extending from the individual toilet rooms or compartments to a fan
or fans of sufficient capacity to exhaust a volume of not less than 30 cubic
feet of air per minute for each water closet or urinal, and in no case shall
less than six changes of air in the toilet room or compartment be allowed
per hour. The exhaust duct shall discharge into the outside air above the
room and in such a manner as not to create objectionable odors or a nuisance
on the premises or adjacent premises.
F.
Ventilation from toilet rooms to be separate from other
ventilating ducts. Ventilation from toilet rooms shall be separate and distinct
and have no connection whatever with the other ventilating ducts in the building.
A.
Materials.
(1)
Main or branch soil, waste or vent pipes. All main or
branch soil, waste and vent pipes within the building shall be of cast iron,
galvanized steel or wrought iron, lead, brass or K copper, except that no
galvanized steel or wrought iron pipe shall be used for underground soil or
waste pipes.
(2)
House or building drains. All house or building drains
shall be cast iron, with caulked joints (neoprene rings permissible) or Schedule
40 PVC (plastic pipe) ASTM D2665, except for replacement of damaged drains.
[Amended 11-28-1988]
B.
Demand load of fixtures.
(1)
The load of fixtures shall be as follows:
|
Fixture
|
Occupancy
|
Type of Supply Control
|
Load
(in fixture units)
| |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Bathrooms, group
|
Private
|
Flush tank for closet
|
6
| |
|
Bathrooms, group
|
Private
|
Flush valve for closet
|
8
| |
|
Bathtubs
|
Private
|
Faucet
|
2
| |
|
Bathtubs
|
Public
|
Faucet
|
4
| |
|
Combination fixtures
|
Private
|
Faucet
|
3
| |
|
Lavatories
|
Private
|
Faucet
|
1
| |
|
Lavatories
|
Public
|
Faucet
|
2
| |
|
Shower heads
|
Private
|
Mixing valve
|
2
| |
|
Shower heads
|
Public
|
Mixing valve
|
4
| |
|
Showers, separate
|
Private
|
Mixing valve
|
2
| |
|
Sinks, kitchen
|
Hotel, restaurant
|
Faucet
|
4
| |
|
Sinks, kitchen
|
Private
|
Faucet
|
2
| |
|
Sinks, service
|
Office, etc.
|
Faucet
|
3
| |
|
Urinals
|
Public
|
Flush tank
|
3
| |
|
Urinals
|
Public
|
1-inch flush valve
|
10
| |
|
Urinals
|
Public
|
3/4-inch flush valve
|
5
| |
|
Water closets
|
Private
|
Flush tank
|
2
| |
|
Water closets
|
Private
|
Flush valve
|
6
| |
|
Water closets
|
Public
|
Flush tank
|
5
| |
|
Water closets
|
Public
|
Flush valve
|
10
|
(2)
The sizes of individual fixture wastes and vents shall
be as follows:
|
Size
| |||
|---|---|---|---|
|
Kind of fixture
|
Waste
(inches)
|
Vent
(inches)
| |
|
Baths, foot
|
1 1/2
|
1 1/4
| |
|
Bath shower stalls
|
2
|
1 1/4
| |
|
Baths, sitz
|
1 1/2
|
1 1/4
| |
|
Bathtubs
|
1 1/2
|
1 1/4
| |
|
Combination fixtures
|
1 1/2
|
1 1/4
| |
|
Drinking fountains
|
1 1/4
|
1 1/4
| |
|
Fountain cuspidors
|
1 1/4
|
1 1/4
| |
|
Floor drains
|
2
|
--
| |
|
Laundry trays
|
1 1/2
|
1 1/4
| |
|
Lavatories
|
1 1/4
|
1 1/4
| |
|
Sinks, dishwasher
|
2
|
1 1/4
| |
|
Sinks, hotel or public
|
2
|
1 1/4
| |
|
Sinks, kitchen, residence
|
1 1/2
|
1 1/4
| |
|
Sinks, slop, ordinary
|
2
|
1 1/4
| |
|
Sinks, slop, with trap combined
|
3
|
2
| |
|
Sinks, small, pantry or bar
|
1 1/4
|
1 1/4
| |
|
Urinals, lip
|
1 1/2
|
1 1/4
| |
|
Urinals, pedestal
|
3
|
2
| |
|
Urinals, stall
|
3
|
2
| |
|
Urinals, trough
|
2
|
1 1/4
| |
|
Water closets
|
3
|
2
| |
(3)
All concealed traps shall be four inches by eight inches,
tapped according to wastes and vents of the above schedule.
C.
Soil and waste stacks.
(1)
Generally. Every building in which plumbing fixtures
are installed shall have a soil or waste stack or stacks extending full size
through the roof. Soil and waste stacks shall be as direct as possible.
(2)
Table of sizes. The required size of a soil or waste
stack shall be determined from the distribution and totals of all fixture
units connected to the stack in accordance with the following tables, except
that no water closet shall discharge into a stack less than three inches in
diameter:
|
Maximum Fixture Units on One Stack
| ||
|---|---|---|
|
Diameter
(inches)
|
Maximum Units On Any 1 Stack
| |
|
1 1/4
|
2
| |
|
1 1/2
|
4
| |
|
2
|
10
| |
|
3
|
18
| |
|
4
|
44
| |
D.
Inlets for fixture connections for soil and waste stacks
and branches. All soil and waste stacks and branches shall be provided with
correctly faced inlets for fixture connections.
E.
Changing soil and vent pipes in existing buildings. In
existing buildings where the soil or waste vent pipe is not extended undiminished
through or above the roof or where there is a soil or waste vent pipe and
the fixture is changed in style or location or is replaced, a soil or waste
vent pipe of the size and material prescribed for new work shall be installed.
F.
Prohibited connections. No soil or waste vent, circuit
or loop vent above the highest installed fixture on the branch or main shall
thereafter be used as a soil or waste pipe.
G.
Protection of soil and waste stack. No soil or waste
stack shall be installed or permitted outside of a building unless adequate
provision is made to protect it from frost.
H.
Roof extensions. All roof extensions of soil and waste
stacks shall be run full size at least one foot above the roof, and when the
roof is used for other purposes than weather protection, such extension shall
be not less than five feet above the roof.
I.
Roof terminals. The roof terminal of any stack or vent,
if within 12 feet of any door, window, scuttle or air shaft, shall extend
at least three feet above the same.
J.
Terminals in and adjoining high buildings.
(1)
No soil, waste or vent pipe extension of any new or existing
building shall be run or placed on the outside of a wall, but it shall be
carried up in the inside of the roof.
(2)
In the event that a new building is built higher than an existing building, the owner of the new building shall not locate windows within 12 feet of any existing vent stack on the lower building, unless the owner of such new building shall defray the expenses or shall himself make such alteration to conform to § 228-39G.
(3)
It shall be the duty of the owner of the lower or existing
building to make such alteration therein upon the receipt, in advance, of
money or security therefor sufficient for the purpose from the owner of the
new or higher building or to permit, at the election of the owner of the new
or higher building, the making of such alteration by the owner of said new
or higher building.
K.
Future vents. A vent is to be run to basements having
no fixtures. Such vent is to be capped and left accessible for future fixtures.
L.
Vents for protection of fixture traps. Every fixture
trap shall be protected against siphonage and back pressure, and air circulation
assured by means of a soil or waste stack vent, a continuous waste or vent
or a loop or circuit vent. Where it is impossible to vent a future trap as
prescribed, crown or side venting may be used.
M.
Distance of vent from trap seal. No trap shall be placed
more than five feet, horizontal developed length, from its vent, except that
the distance between the vent and trap may be 15 feet or less on the waste
from a surgical operating table, dental cuspidor or other similar fixture.
The distance shall be measured along the central line of the waste or soil
pipe from the vertical inlet of the trap to the vent opening.
N.
Main vents. Main vents shall be run as straight as possible
and either shall be run full size through the roof or tied in other vents
above the highest fixture.
O.
Size of loop vents and stack vents. Circuit or loop vents
and stack vents shall be the same size as branch waste and stack waste. Such
vents shall be carried full size through the roof or tied back in the vent
or in a vent that is not smaller in size and above any fixtures that said
vent is venting. Any other branch waste that is over five feet from the main
branch waste shall be vented as heretofore prescribed.
P.
Size of branch and individual vents. No vent shall be
less than 1 1/4 inches in diameter, and in no case shall a branch or
main vent have a diameter less than 1/2 that of the soil or waste pipe served.
No vents for closets shall be less than two inches.
Q.
Vent pipe grades and connections. All vent and branch
pipes shall be free from drops or sags.
R.
When circuit and loop vents permitted. A circuit or loop
vent will be permitted as follows: A branch or waste pipe to which two and
not more than 12 water closets, pedestal urinals, trap-standard slop sinks
or shower stalls are connected in the series may be vented by a circuit or
loop vent, which shall be taken off in front of the last fixture connection.
Where fixtures discharge above such branch, each branch shall be provided
with a relief vent, provided that such waste is not run vertically more than
three feet.
S.
Vents not required.
(1)
No vents will be required on a backwater trap, a subsoil
catch basin trap or on a floor drain.
(2)
No vents will be required where water closets or other
fixtures are located on opposite sides of a wall or partition or directly
adjacent to each other within the prescribed distance of the highest fixtures,
if such fixtures are connected separately and at the same level to the stack
and not more than five feet from the stack and no vertical branch waste is
over three feet in length. Such fixtures are considered stack-vented. All
other fixtures in buildings are to be vented as heretofore described.
(3)
No vents will be required on laundry traps or sinks in
the basement of an old or new building having no vent in the same. The same
may be trapped by a four-by-ten-inch drain trap if such location is not over
10 feet from the main waste. The waste line shall be not less than 1 1/2
inches.
(4)
Any plumbing fixture or fixtures previously set and connected
to a sewer through an antisiphon trap may be moved to any new location if
such location is not more than 25 feet from the present location, and such
plumbing fixture or fixtures may be connected to the sewer through an antisiphon
trap.
A.
Independent systems of plumbing and drainage.
(1)
Required. The drainage and plumbing system of each new
building and of new work installed in an existing building shall be separate
from and independent of that of any other building, except as provided below,
and every building shall have an independent connection with a public or private
sewer, when available.
(2)
Exception. Where one building stands in the rear of another
building or an interior lot and no private sewer is available or can be constructed
to the rear building through an adjoining alley, court, yard or driveway,
the house drain from the front building may be extended to the rear building
and the whole will be considered as one house drain.
B.
Use of old drains restricted. Old drains may be used
in connection with new buildings or new plumbing only when they are found,
on examination and test, to conform in all respects to the requirements governing
new drains as prescribed in this chapter. If the old work is found defective,
the proper administrative authority shall notify the owner to make the necessary
changes to conform to this chapter.
C.
Connections where sewer unavailable. When a sewer is
not available, drain pipes from buildings shall be connected with an approved
septic tank, leach bed or dry well if the same is approved prior to installation
by the Board of Health or the City Engineer.
D.
Excavations.
(1)
Generally. Each system of piping shall be laid in a separate
trench. Where a double system of drainage is installed, the sanitary and surface
house drains may be laid side by side in one trench.
(2)
Work to be open and uncovered. All excavations required
to be made for the installation of a house drainage system or any part thereof
within the walls of a building shall be open trench work. All such trenches
and tunnels shall be kept open until the piping has been inspected, tested
and approved.
E.
Entry to be below basement or cellar floor. Whenever
possible, all house drains shall be brought into the building below the basement
or cellar floor.
F.
Materials for house drains.
G.
Location of house drains. No underground house drain
shall be laid parallel to or within three feet of any bearing which might
be weakened thereby.
H.
Size of sanitary house drains.
(1)
The required size of sanitary house drains and horizontal
branches shall be determined on the basis of the total number of fixture units
drained by them in accordance with the following table:
|
Sanitary System Only
| ||
|---|---|---|
|
Diameter of Pipe
(inches)
|
Maximum Number of Fixture Units
| |
|
1 1/4
|
1
| |
|
1 1/2
|
3
| |
|
2
|
6
| |
|
3
|
20
| |
|
4
|
30
| |
(2)
No water closet shall discharge into a drain pipe less
than three inches in diameter.
(3)
Not more than two water closets shall discharge into
any three-inch horizontal branch or house drain.
I.
Combined storm and sanitary sewer systems prohibited.
No combination storm and sanitary sewer system will be permitted.
J.
Drainage below level of main sewer.
(1)
Artificial lift required. In all buildings in which the
whole or part of the house drainage and plumbing system thereof lies below
the crown level of the main sewer, sewage or house wastes shall be lifted
by approved artificial means and discharged into the house sewer.
(2)
Use of sumps and receiving tanks required. All house
drains below sewer level shall discharge into a watertight sump or receiving
tank so located as to receive the sewage by gravity, from which sump or receiving
tank the sewage shall be lifted and discharged into the house sewer by pumps,
compressed air or any equally efficient method. Such sumps shall be either
automatically discharged or be of sufficient capacity to receive the house
sewage and wastes for not less than 24 hours.
K.
Venting of ejectors. The soil or waste pipe leading to
an ejector or other appliance for raising sewage or other waste matter to
the street sewer shall be extended full size through the roof independently
from the vent pipes of the gravity drainage system.
L.
Motors, compressors and air tanks. All motors, air compressors
and air tanks shall be located where they are open for inspection and repair
at all times. The air tanks shall be so proportioned as to be of equal cubical
capacity to the ejectors connected therewith, in which there shall be maintained
an air pressure of not less than two pounds for each foot of height the sewage
is to be raised.
M.
Ejectors for subsoil drainage below sewer level. When
subsoil catch basins are installed below the sewer level, an automatic device
for raising water or an automatic water ejector provided with a ball float
attached to the main water supply shall be used.
N.
Exhaust blowoffs and sediment and drip pipe connections.
The exhaust blowoff and sediment or drip pipe from a high-pressure steam boiler
shall not connect directly with any sewer, drain, soil or waste pipe. Such
pipes shall discharge into the top and above the line of discharge of a suitable
closed tank or condenser made of wrought or cast iron, provided with a relief
pipe of at least three inches in diameter extending to the outer air above
the roof.
O.
Hot-water discharges prohibited. Water heated to over
140° F. shall not be allowed to enter any street sewer, drain or lateral.
When blowoff tanks discharge water at a higher temperature, they shall be
provided with a cooling device.
P.
Elevators, lifts or pressure machines; use of intermediate
tank required. All direct-connected hydraulic elevators, lifts or pressure
machines shall be provided with an intermediate tank of sufficient capacity
as to discharge its waste without pressure into any sewer, drain, soil or
waste pipe. Such tank shall be trapped, and where there is danger of back
pressure from the sewer, there shall be placed on its outlet side a sewer
or backwater valve.
A.
Drainage of yards, areas and roofs. All roofs and paved
areas, yards, courts and courtyards shall be drained into the stormwater sewerage
system. Where there are no storm sewers, available drains may empty into dry
wells of cesspools.
B.
Size of leaders.
(1)
No inside leader shall be of less size than the following:
|
Area of Roof
(square feet)
|
Leader
(inches)
| |
|---|---|---|
|
Up to 90
|
1 1/2
| |
|
91 to 270
|
2
| |
|
271 to 810
|
2 1/2
| |
|
811 to 1,800
|
3
| |
|
1,801 to 3,600
|
4
| |
|
3,601 to 5,500
|
5
| |
|
5,501 to 9,600
|
6
|
(2)
Storm drain systems shall be measured as follows:
|
Diameter of Pipe
(inches)
|
Maximum Drained Roof Area
(square feet)
| |
|---|---|---|
|
3
|
865
| |
|
4
|
1,860
| |
|
5
|
3,325
| |
|
6
|
5,315
| |
|
8
|
11,115
| |
|
10
|
19,530
| |
|
12
|
31,200
| |
|
14
|
42,600
|
C.
Inside conductors.
(1)
When placed within the walls of any building or run in
an inner or interior court of ventilating pipe shaft, all conductors or roof
leaders shall be constructed of cast iron or galvanized wrought iron or steel
pipe.
(2)
Roof drains shall be of cast brass or iron having a proper
strainer and clamping device, either tapped for an iron pipe or with a spicket
end for caulking.
D.
Prohibited uses of conductors, soil, waste or vent pipes.
Conductor pipes shall not be used as soil, waste or vent pipes, nor shall
any soil, waste or vent pipes be used as conductors. No main sewer trap or
fresh air inlet shall be required for roof drains or waste.
No waste pipe from a refrigerator or icebox floor drain, soda water
fountain, bar fixture or any other receptacle where food is stored or cooked
shall connect directly with any house drain, soil or waste pipe. Such waste
pipes shall in all cases empty into an open sink that is properly supplied
with water connected, trapped and vented the same as other fixtures or into
a cellar floor drain, but their ends must be left open. Such waste connections
shall not be located in inaccessible or unventilated cellars.
Pipes from a water supply tank or exhaust from a water lift shall not
be directly connected with any house drain, soil or waste pipe. Such pipe
shall discharge upon the roof or be trapped into an open fixture or shall
discharge in the same manner as for refrigerator wastes.
Wastes from hydraulic motors, hydraulic elevators or other machinery
discharging large quantities of water shall be detained in a receiving tank
of sufficient size and so connected as to prevent the discharge of the wastes
under pressure.
The waste pipe from any fixture such as a bubbling fountain, aquarium
overflow or fixture of similar nature, the waste from which is practically
clear water, may discharge untrapped into an open fixture floor drain or gutter
as provided for refrigerator drains. The waste pipes from such fixtures need
not be trapped unless connected to the plumbing system or to a conduit or
tank containing sewage. When trapped, such waste pipes shall be properly vented.
Waste pipes in dye houses, bottling works, creameries, laundries and
similar establishments, where the wastes are highly diluted, may discharge
directly onto a nonabsorbent floor provided with an adequate number of floor
drains, which drains must be connected to a catch basin. The waste pipes discharging
directly upon the floor need not be trapped. Gutters that can be easily cleaned
and kept in efficient operating condition may be provided for collecting and
conducting waste to floor drains, equipped, where necessary, with a suitable
screen for arresting the coarser materials that would otherwise enter the
system.
A.
Construction. Swimming pools shall be of watertight construction.
Inside surfaces shall be of smooth, nonabsorbent material with rounded corners,
and nonskid floors and shall be constructed so as to be easily cleaned. Pools
shall be provided with a valve so that the pool can be drained in 12 hours.
B.
Drainage. Swimming pools and wading pools which have
overflow connections located at an elevation below street level shall have
their drainage outlets connected to a sanitary system by means of an indirect
waste pipe. Such drainage outlets shall include pool drains, scum-gutter drains,
backwash outlets from the pool and water filters and floor drains which serve
walks around pools. When such drainage piping is below the grade of building
sewers, any existing circulation pump for pool water may be used for pumping
the waste to an elevation suitable for gravity discharge into a fixture approved
for such use.
C.
Connections between public or private water supply and
minimum-flow line. There shall be no physical connection between a public
or private water supply system and the minimum-flow line of a pool, unless
such connection is installed to prevent siphonage in the water supply system.
D.
Cleanliness. The bottom and sidewalls of artificial pools
shall be kept reasonably free from sediment, dirt and leaves.
E.
Protection. All pools are to be fenced or adequate safety
protection provided.
