A. 
Standards herein show typical cross sections for each of the three classifications of roads. These give the required design, dimensions and construction details which are applicable to a particular classification. Figure 1 is a comparative summary sheet which lists the major items of construction for all classifications of roads, which may be useful as a checklist of requirements.[1]
B. 
The developer shall design and construct roads which shall conform to both the specific and the general specifications.
A. 
The developer shall establish and clearly mark on site the limits of road rights-of-way and easements, the center line and grades of the road pavement and the location and elevation of storm drainage systems in accordance with the approved plans. Such markers shall be maintained at the developer's expense until the construction of all required improvements within the right-of-way limits have been completed, inspected and approved as hereinbefore required.
A. 
The developer shall clear the entire area within the limits of:
(1) 
The road rights-of-way, exclusive of trees designated by the Town to remain.
(2) 
Stream channels and ditches.
(3) 
Easement areas.
B. 
All roots and stumps shall be grubbed, excavated and removed from the above areas.
A. 
The developer shall complete the shaping of the road rights-of-way, streams and ditches and easement areas to the line and grade as shown on the approved plans and as otherwise may be directed by the Town Superintendent of Highways. All unsuitable or unstable materials shall be completely excavated and removed from the rights-of-way, and all rock or boulders larger than six inches in diameter shall be excavated at least 12 inches below the finished subgrade of road pavement, drainage or drainage structures, curbs and sidewalks.
B. 
Where fills are necessary to complete the required line and grade or to backfill trenches or other excavation, the materials incorporated in the work shall be acceptable to the Town Superintendent of Highways and shall be placed in layers not exceeding eight inches in depth, each layer to be thoroughly compacted by rolling with three-wheel, sheepsfoot, pneumatic-tired or padded-wheel roller or by impact rammer or vibrator equipment in areas inaccessible to power rollers. All compaction shall continue until the fills are firm and unyielding. Special care shall be exercised in placing and compacting material immediately adjacent to pipes in order to avoid damage to the pipe and to prevent pipe misalignment.
C. 
The areas between the curbing or shoulder edge and the right-of-way line must be graded and seeded in order to prevent erosion.
D. 
The rough grade of the road pavement, curb and sidewalk areas shall be completed to within one inch above or below finished subgrade as shown on the approved cross section of the right-of-way improvement.
E. 
Earth shoulders and flow line of ditches and gutters shall be maintained in satisfactory condition at the developer's expense at all times during the course of construction of the subdivision and until such time as the Town Board has accepted dedication of the rights-of-way.
A. 
It is the intent of this specification that all disturbed areas within the right-of-way due to highway construction and placement of utilities shall be restored to conditions acceptable to the Town.
B. 
The removal of all equipment and parts, junk, rubbish, excess material, debris of all kinds and trees damaged beyond repair shall be included in the restoration work.
C. 
All unpaved areas within highway rights-of-way and newly created or stripped earth slopes shall be seeded and mulched as specified on approved plans or as required by the Town Highway Superintendent.
A. 
The width of the trench in which the pipe is placed shall be sufficient to permit thorough tamping of the backfill under the haunches and around the pipe. Where rock, in either boulder or ledge formation, is encountered, it shall be removed below grade and replaced with suitable materials in such a manner as to provide an earth cushion having a thickness under the pipe of not less than eight inches; and where there are excessively heavy fills over the top of the pipe, the Town Superintendent of Highways may specify that an earth cushion up to 1/2 inch in thickness per foot of fill be placed under the base of the pipe. In no case shall the top of any drainage pipe be less than 12 inches below the finished grade of the pavement. Where soft, spongy or other unstable soil is encountered at the grade established, all such unstable soil under the pipe and for a width of one pipe diameter on each side of the pipe shall be removed and replaced with run-of-bank gravel or other acceptable material. In all cases, the bed shall be thoroughly compacted and shall provide a firm foundation for the pipe.
B. 
Pipe shall be laid to true line and grade on the prepared bed of the trench. Pipelaying shall begin at the downstream end and progress upstream. All connections for making field joints in corrugated metal pipe shall consist of corrugated metal bands so constructed as to lap on equal portions of each of the pipe sections to be connected. In making field connections of reinforced concrete pipe, all joints shall be made with watertight gaskets (ASTM C443-59T).
C. 
Backfilling of trenches shall be conducted in accordance with § A155-20B.
D. 
Any additional drainage facilities not shown on the approved plan and which may be ordered by the Town Superintendent of Highways or the Town Engineer shall be constructed by the developer at the developer's expense and in accordance with these specifications.
A. 
Storm drain and culvert pipe may be of either corrugated metal or reinforced concrete with a minimum diameter of 15 inches. The minimum velocity of all piping shall be three feet per second when flowing full.
B. 
Round corrugated metal pipe and oblate corrugated metal pipe shall conform to the current Public Works Specifications of the State of New York, Department of Transportation, Division of Construction, with the following exceptions:
(1) 
All corrugated metal pipe shall be completely coated with bituminous material or polymer coated.
(2) 
All collars or connecting bands shall be 12 inches wide and shall be furnished with bolts six inches long.
(3) 
Reinforced concrete pipe shall conform to the current Public Works Specifications of the State of New York, Department of Transportation, Division of Construction.
C. 
All reinforced concrete pipe shall be manufactured with slip joints or bell-and-spigot joints.
D. 
Each piece of reinforced concrete pipe shall be marked with the specification number and the date of manufacture.
E. 
Height of the fill and pipe classes shall be designed to meet the minimum requirements of H-20 Highway Loading.
A. 
Whenever a drainpipe begins or ends in an open ditch, pond or stream, inlet and outlet end shall be designed to protect embankments and channels and to preserve the hydraulic efficiency of the pipe.
B. 
The following end treatments shall be used for drainage pipes:
(1) 
Prefabricated end sections.
(2) 
Headwall and wingwalls, with or without concrete apron.
(3) 
Beveled pipe ends.
C. 
Prefabricated end sections shall be of similar material and construction to the pipe. End sections shall be connected to the pipe in the same manner as pipe sections are connected.
A. 
Underdrains shall be perforated-metal type and placed in trenches and surrounded by material which is both pervious to water and capable of protecting the surrounding soil from the pipe infiltration. Drains shall be sized and placed in accordance with the requirements of the Town Superintendent of Highways or the Town Engineer.
B. 
Underdrains must be sloped positively to an outlet such as a drainage channel or a closed drainage system.
C. 
Figures 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 show the installation of underdrain for the purpose of draining of pavement sections.[1] These details may be modified to apply to specific conditions. However, the following criteria should be considered: the underdrains should be placed at the interface of the pavement and shoulder or curb and should intercept the water from the highest waterbearing layer of the pavement section.
[1]
Editor's Note: Figures 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 are included as attachments to this chapter.
A. 
General.
(1) 
Figures 6, 7 and 8 show the minimum acceptable construction for typical catch basins and manholes.[1] Whenever, in the opinion of the Town Superintendent of Highways or the Town Engineer, ground conditions or other circumstances require it, larger or heavier materials, additional materials, reinforcing or other modifications and improvements in design and construction shall be made as directed by either of those Town representatives prior to paving.
[1]
Editor's Note: Figures 6, 7 and 8 are included as attachments to this chapter.
(2) 
Catch basins shall be constructed at all low points in the vertical curves, points of change of slope or alignment of piping and at all piping junction points. At no time shall catch basins be spaced farther apart than 400 feet on road grades of less than 3%, 300 feet on road grades from 3% to 6% and 250 feet on road grades over 6% in steepness.
(3) 
When the diameter of the inlet pipe is greater than that of an outlet pipe, the elevation of the top of the inlet pipe shall be no lower than the elevation of the top of the outlet pipe.
(4) 
When the diameter of the outlet pipe is the same as or smaller than that of an inlet pipe, the elevation of the invert of the inlet pipe shall be no lower than the elevation of the invert of the outlet pipe. In no case shall the top of any inlet pipe be more than five feet above the invert of the outlet pipe.
(5) 
Holes for catch basins shall be excavated to a depth of at least 36 inches below the designated elevation of the invert of the outlet pipe. Crushed stone or run-of-bank gravel to a uniform depth of nine inches leveled and compacted over the entire area under the base shall be laid in the hole.
B. 
Built-up catch basins.
(1) 
An eight-inch-thick slab of one-to-two-to-four mix portland cement concrete shall be placed on a stone or gravel base. The slab shall extend a minimum of four inches beyond the outside of the walls of the catch basin on every side. The slab shall be smooth and level.
(2) 
To a maximum depth of 10 feet below the finished surface, the catch basin walls shall be constructed of solid concrete catch basin corner- and stretcherblocks eight inches thick.
(3) 
Below 10 feet from the finished surface, the catch basin walls shall be 12 inches thick and shall be constructed of concrete block conforming to ASTM Designation C-139. All hollows in or between blocks in each course shall be completely filled with mortar before the succeeding course is laid so that finished wall is solid.
(4) 
All blocks forming the catch basin walls shall be laid up with mortar composed of portland cement and mortar sand in the proportion one to two.
(5) 
Inside dimensions of the catch basin shall remain constant from top to bottom and shall match the frame opening of the curb inlet to be used.
(6) 
Concrete blocks around all pipes entering or leaving catch basins shall be cut to fit the contours of the pipes as closely as possible. Remaining interstices shall be solidly filled with mortar for the full thickness of the wall. Ends of all pipes shall be cut off flush with the inside surface of the catch basin walls.
C. 
Precast catch basins. Suitable precast catch basin units, as approved by the Town Superintendent of Highways and the Town Engineer, may be substituted. [Refer to Figure 6.[2]]
D. 
Steps. Catch basins shall be provided with steps. Steps shall be of aluminum alloy having a minimum diameter of 3/4 inch, which shall be hot-bent to shape. They shall be solidly set in the masonry at the time of construction and shall extend all the way through the wall. The steps shall extend 4 1/2 inches inside the wall of the catch basin. The top step shall be not more than 18 inches below the finished surface and thence to the base steps shall be no more than 18 inches apart.
After completion of rough grading and prior to the laying of the foundation course, the subgrade shall be shaped to line and grade and thoroughly compacted with an approved self-propelled roller weighing not less than 10 tons. All hollows and depressions which develop under rolling shall be filled with acceptable granular material and again rolled, this process to be continued until no depressions develop. The subgrade shall not be muddy or otherwise unsatisfactory when the foundation course is laid upon it. Any soft or unstable portions of the subgrade which develop under the roller shall be completely excavated and removed from the right-of-way and shall be replaced with acceptable granular material and the area regraded and compacted as above.
Before fine grading or construction of curbs and sidewalks is started, all storm and sanitary sewers and all utilities, including house connections and hydrants, shall have been installed at the locations shown on the standard details, and all fill and backfill shall have been thoroughly compacted to the satisfaction of the Town Superintendent of Highways and the Town Engineer.
A. 
Fine grade shall conform to the prescribed width of pavement and shall extend equidistant from the center line of the road right-of-way and shall conform to the typical cross sections of the road pavement and to the line and grade on approved plans.
B. 
After the fine grade and all curbs have been constructed to the satisfaction of the Town Superintendent of Highways, the developer shall furnish and place a foundation course of approved run-of-bank gravel, crusher run stone or crusher run gravel, to the depths as called for in these specifications. All materials acceptable for these courses shall be hard, durable and sound and shall be well graded from coarse to fine. The maximum diameter of the large particles shall not exceed 2/3 of the thickness of the compacted foundation course and 90% to 100% by weight of the particles shall be of such size as will pass through a four-inch square hole. The maximum particle size permitted in the three-inch graded gravel course is two inches in largest dimension. Not more than 70% by weight shall pass the No. 40 mesh sieve, and not more than 10% by weight shall pass the No. 200 mesh sieve.
C. 
The materials shall be placed on the finished subgrade by means of mechanical spreaders in four-inch layers and shall be thoroughly compacted by rolling with a self-propelled ten-ton roller. Water shall be added to the materials in such amounts as the Town Superintendent of Highways and Town Engineer may consider necessary for proper compaction. After compaction, the course shall be true to grade and cross sections, and any depressions shall be eliminated by the use of additional granular materials, thoroughly rolled in place. In all cases, the foundation course shall be so thoroughly compacted that it will not heave under the roller, and the total depth after compaction shall not be less than 12 inches.
A. 
Time of work. Paving shall be performed between the dates of May 1 and October 31 except as may be authorized, in writing, by the Town Superintendent of Highways.
B. 
Major/through roads.
(1) 
After the twelve-inch foundation course has been inspected and approved by the Town Superintendent of Highways and the Town Engineer, a four-and-one-half-inch compacted depth asphaltic concrete base course conforming to current New York State Department of Transportation specifications shall be uniformly spread by a self-propelled mechanical spreader with tamping bars and heating unit. Compaction shall be accomplished through the use of a ten-ton roller.
(2) 
After the base course has been completed and thoroughly cleaned of foreign material and a tack coat of asphalt emulsion applied to the surface at the rate of one-tenth to two-tenths gallon per square yard in the event that the base course has been subjected to traffic for an extended period of time, a one-and-one-half-inch (compacted depth) final wearing course shall be uniformly spread by a self-propelled mechanical spreader equipped with tamping bars and heating unit. Compaction of the wearing course shall be accomplished through the use of a two- or three-wheel tandem roller weighing 10 tons. Figure 2 of the standard details shows a typical major road section.[1]
(3) 
Extreme care shall be exercised in the placing of asphaltic concrete to ensure that all longitudinal joints shall be lapped in the placing of adjoining strips and that all lateral joints are trimmed before continuing with the placing of additional materials on that strip.
C. 
Commercial roads.
(1) 
After the twelve-inch foundation course has been inspected and approved by the Town Superintendent of Highways and the Town Engineer, a four-inch compacted depth asphaltic concrete base course conforming to current New York State Department of Transportation specifications shall be uniformly spread by a self-propelled mechanical spreader with tamping bars and heating unit Compaction shall be accomplished through the use of a ten-ton roller.
(2) 
After the base course has been completed and thoroughly cleaned of foreign material and a tack coat of asphalt emulsion applied to the surface at the rate of one-tenth to two-tenths gallon per square yard in the event that the base course has been subjected to traffic for an extended period of time, a two-and-one-half-inch (compacted depth) final wearing course shall be uniformly spread by a self-propelled mechanical spreader equipped with tamping bars and heating unit. Compaction of the wearing course shall be accomplished through the use of a two- or three-wheel tandem roller weighing 10 tons. Figure 3 of the standard details show a typical commercial road section.[2]
D. 
Local roads.
(1) 
Local roads shall be constructed in the same manner as major and commercial roads, except that the base course shall consist of three inches of asphalt concrete and the wearing course shall consist of 1 1/2 inches of asphalt concrete. Typical local road sections are shown in Figures 4 and 5 in the standard details.[3]
[3]
Editor's Note: Figures 4 and 5 are included as attachments to this chapter.
(2) 
In areas where lot frontages are consistently greater than 200 feet, the detail of a Type B road may be used, indicating the use of asphaltic concrete curbing, which is to be applied after pavement installation. Where lot frontages are consistently equal to or less than 200 feet, the detail of Type A road shall be used, indicating the use of cast-in-place concrete curbs installed prior to pavement installation.
A. 
Portland cement concrete curbs shall be constructed on both sides of the road as shown on Figures 3 and 4 and to the dimensions and specifications shown in Figure 9.[1] Precast curbing may be used as approved by the Town Engineer.
[1]
Editor's Note: Figures 3, 4 and 9 are included as attachments to this chapter.
B. 
Concrete shall be finished and cured to the satisfaction of the Town Superintendent of Highways and the Town Engineer. The developer shall, at his own expense, replace any curbing damaged before dedication and any curb which proved defective or is damaged by his operations during the one-year maintenance period.
C. 
Asphalt concrete curbs shall be constructed on both sides of the road as shown in Figure 5 to the dimensions and specifications shown in Figure 10.[2]
[2]
Editor's Note: Figures 5 and 10 are included as attachments to this chapter.
A. 
Whenever required by the Town Planning Board, the developer shall construct sidewalks on both sides of roads as shown on the standard sheet. Sidewalks shall be constructed of portland cement concrete in accordance with Figures 11 and 12.[1]
[1]
Editor's Note: Figures 11 and 12 are included as attachments to this chapter.
B. 
Concrete sidewalks shall be four inches thick and shall be of one-to-two-to-three mix, with air entertainment of 6%, by volume. Cement concrete sidewalks shall be reinforced with No. 66-66 welded-wire fabric placed two inches from bottom of slab and shall be poured in one course, vibrated, properly screeded, finished to true grade and cured.
C. 
All sidewalks shall be constructed on a base of approved gravel or crushed stone of at least four inches' depth. Sidewalks shall be constructed with a transverse slope of 1/4 inch per foot toward the traveled way, except that the slope may be away from the traveled way if the runoff will not affect adjacent properties. The longitudinal slope of a sidewalk shall not exceed 10%.
D. 
Where vehicular traffic is anticipated to cross an area of sidewalk, the following specification shall apply: Cement concrete sidewalks shall be six inches thick and shall be mixed, reinforced and placed on a six-inch base in accordance with the specifications above.
A. 
Monuments shall be set on all right-of-way lines of roads at all road intersections, angle points, points of curvature and subdivision corners. There shall be a clear foresight and backsight to adjacent monuments on the right-of-way line or lines on which a monument is set. Monuments shall be of cut granite, free from imperfections, or of concrete, as shown on Figure 16 of the detail sheets.[1]
B. 
Monuments shall not be set before final grading has been completed, nor shall they be set while frost is in the ground. They shall be so set and tamped as to prevent settlement or shifting.
C. 
The developer's licensed Land Surveyor shall certify that the location of all monuments is accurate before acceptance of the road by the Town Board.
A. 
Type and need for guide rail installation shall be approved by the Town Superintendent of Highways and/or the Town Engineer, General guidelines for determining the need for guide rails are shown below.
(1) 
Height of dropoff from break of road shoulder slope to the toe of slope. Slopes less than one on two with height dropoff more than four feet will require guide rail installation. Slopes one on two having a height of dropoff more than 10 feet will be protected with guide rail.
(2) 
Guide rails shall be installed to protect drivers from fixed objects and roadside hazards as shown on the following list:
(a) 
Culvert headwalls.
(b) 
Along bodies of water.
(c) 
Rock cuts and rock outcrops.
(d) 
Retaining walls.
B. 
Guide rail installation shall be in accordance with Corrugated Beam Guide Railing and Box Beam Guide Railing Sections of current Standard Specifications of New York State Department of Transportation. Figures 17, 18 and 19 are typical details of such guide railing to be used in design construction.[1]
[1]
Editor's Note: Figures 17, 18 and 19 are included as attachments to this chapter.
A. 
Drainage. Where permanent drainage easements between building lots are granted to the Town, the developer must install drainage pipe in the center of said easements from the catch basin or ditch line to a point opposite the rear of the houses on the adjoining lots or for a distance of at least 100 feet, whichever distance is greater, unless otherwise specified by the Town Superintendent of Highways or Town Engineer. Drainage easements must have a minimum width of 20 feet, which shall be provided for in the approved plan.
B. 
Snow. Where required by the Town Superintendent of Highways, easements shall be established for the storage of snow removed from the road pavement during plowing operations. These shall be at the locations and of dimensions set forth by the Town Superintendent of Highways.
A. 
With the approval of the Town Superintendent of Highways and the Town Engineer, open ditches may be used in lieu of storm drain pipes when the grade of the land traversed is flat or when it is desirable to drain and dry up the surrounding area.
B. 
Open ditches shall be constructed in accordance with the standard sheet of these specifications, but in no case shall the grade of an open ditch exceed 6%. Riprap, when called for, shall consist of field stone or rough, unhewn quarry stones as nearly cubical in form as is practicable, placed upon a slope not steeper than one to two and so laid that the weight of the large stones is carried by the soil and not by the stone adjacent. All stones shall weigh 50 to 150 pounds each, and at least 60% of them shall weigh more than 100 pounds each. The largest stones shall be placed first, roughly arranged and in close contact. The spaces between the larger stones shall be filled with spalls of suitable size.
C. 
Whenever a drainpipe enters an open ditch at an end wall or end section (refer to Figure 23 or 24[1]), the bottom and sides of the ditch shall be riprapped for a distance of at least 30 feet beyond the end of the pipe.
[1]
Editor's Note: Figures 23 and 24 are included as attachments to this chapter.
Roof and cellar drains shall in no case be allowed to flow onto the road rights-of-way. With the approval of the Town Superintendent of Highways and the Town Engineer, in writing, these drains may be piped to and connected to the nearest catch basin of the road storm drainage system. Such drains must be installed prior to the start of final grading of the roads.
Wherever a permanent dead end is allowed on a subdivision road, a turnaround shall be constructed. This turnaround shall take the form of a circle as required by the Town Planning Board and shall be constructed as shown in Figure 20.[1] A temporary type of construction shall be used only when authorized by the Town Planning Board because of the foreseeable future extension of the road. Temporary culs-de-sac shall be similar in shape and construction to permanent units; however, the right-of-way in excess of that required for the road type will revert back to the adjoining lots on which the temporary cul-de-sac extends.
When existing streams must be crossed by proposed roads, culvert sizing shall be predicted on the criteria set forth in Chapter 132, Subdivision of Land, or as required by the Town Engineer. Hydraulic computations shall be submitted as part of the plan approval.
All signs, signals, markings and other control devices for maintenance and protection of traffic shown on approved plans and authorized by the Town Engineer shall be erected by the developer in accordance with the New York State Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices.