The following words and phrases, for purposes of this article only, shall have the meanings given to them in this section, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise:
AIRCRAFT
Any contrivance, except an unpowered hang glider or parachute, used for manned ascent into or flight through the air.
AIRPORT
Any area of land or water which is used or intended to be used for the landing and takeoff of aircraft and any appurtenant areas which are used or intended to be used for airport buildings or air navigation facilities or rights-of-way, together with all airport buildings and facilities thereon. As used herein, the term "airport" includes public airports but excludes private airports and heliports. Public and private airports are defined separately in this section.
AIRPORT ELEVATION
Five hundred fifteen feet mean elevation in the case of the Carlisle Airport; defined as the highest point of land which obstructs the airspace required for flight of aircraft in landing or taking off at an airport or is otherwise hazardous as defined by "airport hazard" in 74 Pa.C.S.A. § 5102.
AIRPORT HAZARD AREA
Any area of land or water upon which an airport hazard might be established if not prevented as provided for in this article and Act 164 of 1984 (Pennsylvania laws relating to aviation).[1]
APPROACH SURFACE
A surface longitudinally centered on the extended runway center line, extending outward and upward from the end of the primary surface and at the same slope as the approach surface zone height limitation slope set forth in § 255-166 of this article. In plan, the perimeter of the approach surface coincides with the perimeter of the approach surface zone.
APPROACH, TRANSITIONAL, HORIZONTAL AND CONICAL SURFACE ZONES
These zones are set forth in § 255-166 of this article.
BOARD OF APPEALS OR ADJUSTMENT
The Borough of Carlisle Zoning Hearing Board.
CONICAL SURFACE
A surface extending outward and upward from the periphery of the horizontal surface at a slope of 20:1 for a horizontal distance of 4,000 feet.
DEPARTMENT
The Pennsylvania Department of Transportation.
FAA
The Federal Aviation Administration of the United States Department of Transportation.
HEIGHT
For the purpose of determining the height limits in all zones set forth in this article and shown on the Zoning Map, the datum shall be mean sea level elevation, unless otherwise specified.
HORIZONTAL SURFACE
A horizontal plane 150 feet above the established airport elevation, the perimeter of which in plan coincides with the perimeter of the horizontal surface zone.
LARGER-THAN-UTILITY RUNWAY
A runway that is constructed for and intended to be used by propeller-driven aircraft of greater than 12,500 pounds' maximum gross weight and jet-powered aircraft.
NONCONFORMING-INSTRUMENT RUNWAY
A runway having an existing instrument approach procedure utilizing air navigation facilities with only horizontal guidance or area-type navigation equipment, for which a straight-in non-precision-instrument approach procedure has been approved or planned.
NONCONFORMING USE
Any preexisting structure, object of natural growth or use of land which is inconsistent with the provisions of this article or an amendment thereto.
OBSTRUCTION
Any structure, growth or other object, including a mobile object, which exceeds a limiting height set forth in § 255-166 of this article.
PERSON
An individual, firm, partnership, corporation, company, association, joint-stock association or governmental entity; includes a trustee, a receiver, an assignee or a similar representative of any of them.
PRECISION-INSTRUMENT RUNWAY
A runway having an existing instrument approach procedure utilizing an instrument landing system (ILS) or a precision approach radar (PAR). It also means a runway for which a precision approach system is planned and is so indicated on an approved airport layout plan or any other planning document.
PRIMARY SURFACE
A surface longitudinally centered on a runway. When the runway has a specially prepared hard surface, the primary surface extends 200 feet beyond each end of that runway. For military runways or when the runway has no specially prepared hard surface or planned hard surface, the primary surface ends at each end of that runway. The width of the primary surface is set forth in § 255-166 of this article. The elevation of any point on primary surface is the same as the elevation of the nearest point on the runway center line.
PRIVATE AIRPORT
An airport which is privately owned and which is not open or intended to be open to the public as defined in 74 Pa.C.S.A. § 5102.
PUBLIC AIRPORT
An airport which is either publicly or privately owned and which is open to the public, as defined in 74 Pa.C.S.A. § 5102.
RUNWAY
A defined area on an airport prepared for landing and takeoff of aircraft along its length.
STRUCTURE
An object, including a mobile object, constructed or installed by man, including but without limitation, buildings, towers, cranes, smokestacks, earth formation and overhead transmission lines.
TRANSITIONAL SURFACES
These surfaces extend outward at ninety-degree angles to the runway center line and the runway center line extended at a slope of seven feet horizontally for each foot vertically from the sides of the primary and approach surfaces to where they intersect the horizontal and conical surfaces. Transitional surfaces for those portions of the precision approach surfaces, which project through and beyond the limits of the conical surface, extend a distance of 5,000 feet measured horizontally from the edge of the approach surface and at ninety-degree angles to the extended runway center line.
TREE
Any object of natural growth.
UTILITY RUNWAY
A runway that is constructed for and intended to be used by propeller-driven aircraft of 12,500 pounds' maximum gross weight or less.
VISUAL RUNWAY
A runway intended solely for the operation of aircraft using approach procedures.
[1]
Editor's Note: See 74 Pa.C.S.A. § 5101 et seq.
In order to carry out the provisions of this article, there are hereby created and established certain zones, to the extent they are in the Borough of Carlisle, which include all of the land lying beneath the approach surfaces, transitional surfaces, horizontal surfaces and conical surfaces as they apply to the Carlisle Airport. Such zones are shown on the Borough of Carlisle Height Limitation and Zoning District Map prepared by the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation, Bureau of Aviation, and dated 1989, which is hereby attached to this chapter and made a part hereof.[1] An area located in more than one of the following zones is considered to be only in the zone with more-restrictive height limitation. The various zones are hereby established and defined as follows:
A. 
Conical Surface Zone. Established beneath the conical surface. This zone commences at the periphery of the horizontal surface and extends outward therefrom a horizontal distance of 4,000 feet.
B. 
Horizontal Surface Zone. Established beneath the horizontal surface, 150 feet above the established airport elevation, the perimeter of which is constructed by swinging arcs of 5,000 feet radii from the center of each end of the primary surface of each runway and connecting the adjacent arcs by drawing lines tangent to those arcs. The horizontal surface zone does not include the approach surface and transitional surface zones.
C. 
Precision-Instrument Runway-Approach Surface Zone. Established beneath the precision instrument approach surface. The inner edge of this zone coincides with the width of the primary surface and is 1,000 feet wide. The zone expands outward uniformly to a width of 16,000 feet at a horizontal distance of 50,000 feet from the primary surface. Its center line is the continuation of the center line of the runway.
D. 
Runway Larger Than Utility-Visual-Approach Surface Zone. Established beneath the visual approach surface. The inner edge of this zone coincides with the width of the primary surface and is 500 feet wide. The zone expands outward uniformly to a width of 1,500 feet at a horizontal distance of 5,000 feet from the primary surface. Its center line is the continuation of the center line of the runway.
E. 
Runway Larger Than Utility With a Visibility Minimum As Low As Three-Fourths-Mile Non-Precision-Instrument-Approach Surface Zone. Established beneath the non-precision-instrument approach surface. The inner edge of this zone coincides with the width of the primary surface and is 1,000 feet wide. The zone expands outward uniformly to a width of 4,000 feet at a horizontal distance of 10,000 feet from the primary surface. Its center line is the continuation of the center line of the runway.
F. 
Runway Larger Than Utility With a Visibility Minimum Greater Than Three-Fourths-Mile Non-Precision-Instrument-Approach Surface Zone. Established beneath the non-precision-instrument approach surface. The inner edge of this zone coincides with the width of the primary surface and is 500 feet wide. The zone expands outward uniformly to a width of 1,500 feet at a horizontal distance of 5,000 feet from the primary surface. Its center line is the continuance of the center line of the runway.
G. 
Transitional Surface Zones. Established beneath the transitional surfaces adjacent to each runway and approach surface as indicated on the Height Limitation and Zoning District Map.[2]
[2]
Editor's Note: Said map is on file in the office of the Borough Secretary.
H. 
Utility Runway Non-Precision-Instrument-Approach Surface Zone. Established beneath the non-precision instrument approach surface. The inner edge of this zone coincides with the width of the primary surface and is 500 feet wide. The zone expands uniformly to a width of 2,000 feet at horizontal distance 5,000 feet from the primary surface. Its center line is the continuation of the center line of the runway.
I. 
Utility Runway Visual-Approach Surface Zone. Established beneath the visual approach surface. The inner edge of this zone coincides with the width of the primary surface and is 250 feet wide. The zone expands outward uniformly to a width of 1,250 feet at a horizontal distance of 5,000 feet from the primary surface. Its center line is the continuation of the center line of the runway.
[1]
Editor's Note: Said map is on file in the office of the Borough Secretary.
Except as otherwise provided in this article, no structure shall be erected, altered or maintained and no tree shall be allowed to grow in any zone created by this article to a height in excess of the applicable height limit herein established for such zone.
A. 
Such applicable height limitations are hereby established for each of the zones in question as follows:
(1) 
Conical Surface Zone. Slopes 20 feet outward for each foot upward beginning at the periphery of the horizontal surface and at 150 feet above the established airport elevation and extending to a height of 350 feet above the established airport elevation or at a height of 865 feet above mean sea level.
(2) 
Horizontal Surface Zone. Established at 150 feet above the established airport elevation or at a height of 665 feet above mean sea level, in the case of the Carlisle Airport.
(3) 
Precision-Instrument Runway-Approach Surface Zone. Slopes 50 feet outward for each foot upward beginning at the same elevation as the primary surface and extending to a horizontal distance of 10,000 feet along the extended runway center line; thence slopes upward 40 feet horizontally for each foot vertically to an additional horizontal distance of 40,000 feet along the extended runway center line.
(4) 
Runway Larger Than Utility-Visual-Approach Surface Zone. Slopes 20 feet outward for each foot upward beginning at the end of and at the same elevation as the primary surface and extending to a horizontal distance of 5,000 feet along the extended runway center line.
(5) 
Runway Larger Than Utility With a Visibility Minimum as Low as Three-Fourths-Mile Non-Precision-Instrument-Approach Surface Zone. Slopes 34 feet outward for each foot upward beginning at the end of and at the same elevation as the primary surface and extending to a horizontal distance of 10,000 feet along the extended runway center line.
(6) 
Runway Larger Than Utility With a Visibility Minimum Greater Than Three-Fourths-Mile Non-Precision-Instrument-Approach Surface Zone. Slopes 34 feet outward for each foot upward beginning at the end of and at the same elevation as the primary surface and extending to a horizontal distance of 10,000 feet along the extended runway center line.
(7) 
Transitional Surface Zone. Slopes seven feet outward for each foot upward beginning at the sides of and at the same elevation as the primary surface and the approach surface and extending to a height of 150 feet above the airport elevation, which is 515 feet above mean sea level in the case of the Carlisle Airport. In addition to the foregoing, when an airport has a precision-instrument runway-approach zone, there are established height limits sloping seven feet outward for each foot upward beginning at the sides of and at the same elevation as the approach surface and extending to where they intersect the conical surface. Where the precision-instrument runway-approach zone projects beyond the conical zone, there are established height limits sloping seven feet outward for each foot upward beginning at the sides of and at the same elevation as the approach surface and extending a horizontal distance of 5,000 feet measured at ninety-degree angles to the extended runway center line.
(8) 
Utility Runway Non-Precision-Instrument-Approach Surface Zone. Slopes 20 feet outward for each foot upward beginning at the end of and at the same elevation as the primary surface and extending to a horizontal distance of 5,000 feet along the extended runway center line.
(9) 
Utility Runway Visual-Approach Surface Zone. Slopes 20 feet outward for each foot upward beginning at the end of and at the same elevation as the primary surface and extending to a horizontal distance of 5,000 feet along the extended runway center line.
B. 
Excepted height limitations. Nothing in this article shall be construed as prohibiting the construction or maintenance of any structure or growth of any tree to a height up to 40 feet above the surface of the land.
A. 
Use restrictions. Notwithstanding any other provisions of this article, no use may be made of land or water within any zone established by this article in such a manner as to create electrical interference with navigational signals or radio communication between the airport and aircraft, make it difficult for pilots to distinguish between airport lights and others, result in glare in the eyes of pilots using the airport, impair visibility in the vicinity of the airport, create bird strike hazards or otherwise in any way endanger or interfere with the landing, takeoff or maneuvering of aircraft intending to use the airport.
B. 
Nonconforming uses.
(1) 
Regulations not retroactive. The regulations prescribed by this article shall not be construed to require the removal, lowering or other change or alteration of any structure or tree not conforming to the regulations as of the effective date of this article or otherwise interfere with the continuance of any nonconforming use, except as provided in § 255-169 hereof, relating to permits and variances. Nothing contained herein shall require any change in the construction, alteration or intended use of any structure, the construction or alteration of which was begun prior to the effective date of this article, and is diligently executed.
(2) 
Marking and lighting. Notwithstanding the preceding provision of this subsection, the owner of any existing nonconforming structure or tree is hereby required to permit the installation, operation and maintenance thereon or nearby of such markers and lights as shall be deemed necessary by the Borough Council of the Borough of Carlisle to indicate to the operators of aircraft in the vicinity of the airport the presence of such airport obstruction. Such markers and lights shall be installed, operated and maintained at the expense of the owner of structures or objects.
A. 
Future uses.
(1) 
Except as specifically provided in Subsection A(1)(a), (b) or (c) hereunder, no material change shall be made in the use of land, no structure shall be erected or otherwise established and no tree shall be planted in any zone hereby created unless a permit therefor shall have been applied for and granted. Each application for a permit shall indicate the purpose for which the permit is desired, with sufficient particularity to permit it to be determined whether the resulting use, structure or tree would conform to the regulations herein prescribed. If such determination is in the affirmative, the permit shall be granted. No permit for a use inconsistent with the provisions of this article shall be granted unless a variance has been approved in accordance with Subsection D hereafter.
(a) 
In the area lying within the limits of the horizontal zone and conical zone, no permit shall be required for any tree or structure less than 75 feet of vertical height above the ground, except when, because of terrain, land contour or topographic features, such tree or structure would extend above the height limits prescribed for such zones.
(b) 
In areas lying within the limits of the approach zones, but at a horizontal distance of not less than 4,200 feet from each end of the runway, no permit shall be required for any tree or structure less than 75 feet of vertical height above the ground, except when, because of terrain, land contour or topographic features, such tree or structure would extend above the height limits prescribed for such approach zones.
(c) 
In the areas lying within the limits of the transition zones beyond the perimeter of the horizontal zones, no permit shall be required for any tree or structure less than 75 feet of vertical height above the ground, except when such tree or structure, because of terrain, land contour or topographic feature, would extend above the height limit prescribed for such transition zones.
(2) 
Nothing contained in any of the foregoing exceptions shall be construed as permitting or intending to permit any construction or alteration of any structure or growth of any tree in excess of any of the height limits established by this article, except that no permit is required to make maintenance repairs to or to replace parts of existing structures which do not enlarge or increase the height of an existing structure.
B. 
Existing uses. Before any nonconforming structure may be replaced, substantially altered or rebuilt or tree allowed to grow higher or be replanted, a permit must be secured from the Borough authorizing the replacement or change. No permit shall be granted that would allow the establishment or creation of an obstruction or permit a nonconforming use, structure or tree to become a greater hazard to air navigation than it was on the effective date of this article or any amendments thereto or than it is when the application for a permit is made.
C. 
Nonconforming uses abandoned or destroyed. Whenever the Borough Council of the Borough of Carlisle determines that a nonconforming tree or structure has been abandoned or more than 80% torn down, physically deteriorated or decayed, no permit shall be granted that would allow such structure or tree to exceed the applicable height limit or otherwise deviate from this article.
D. 
Variance.
(1) 
Any person desiring to erect any structure or increase the height of any structure or permit the growth of any object of natural growth or otherwise use his property in violation of airport zoning regulations may apply to the Zoning Hearing Board for a variance from the zoning regulations in question. A variance shall only be granted after the requirements of Subsections F and G hereafter are satisfied. A variance may be allowed where a literal application or enforcement of the regulations would result in practical difficulty or unnecessary hardship and the relief granted would not be contrary to the public interest but would do substantial justice and would be in accordance with the spirit of this article. Any variance may be granted subject to any reasonable conditions that the Zoning Hearing Board may deem necessary to effectuate the purposes of this article.
(2) 
The application for variance shall be accompanied by a determination from the Federal Aviation Administration as to the effect of the proposal on the operation of air navigation facilities and the safe, efficient use of navigable airspace. Additionally, no application for variance to the requirements of this article may be considered by the Zoning Hearing Board unless a copy of the application has been furnished to the airport manager or person of equivalent description) for advice as to the aeronautical effects of the variance. If the airport manager (or person of equivalent description) does not respond to the application within 15 days after receipt, the Zoning Hearing Board may act without such input to grant or deny said application.
E. 
Hazard marking and lighting. In granting any permit or variance under this section, the Board shall, if it deems the action advisable to effectuate the purpose of this article and reasonable under the circumstances, so condition the permit or variance as to require the owner of the structure or object of natural growth in question to permit the Borough, at its own expense, or require the person or persons requesting the permit or variance, to install, operate and maintain thereof such markers and lights as may be required by guidelines or regulations adopted by the FAA.
F. 
Local enforcement. It shall be the duty of the Zoning Officer to administer and enforce the regulations prescribed herein. Applications for permits and variances shall be made to the Zoning Officer upon a form published for that purpose. Applications required by this article to be submitted to the Zoning Officer shall be promptly considered and granted or denied. Application for action by the Zoning Hearing Board shall be forthwith transmitted by the Zoning Officer.
G. 
Notice to Department. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Borough or board which decides to grant a permit or variance under this article shall notify the Department of Transportation of its decision. This notice shall be in writing and shall be sent so as to reach the Department at least 10 days before the date upon which the decision is to issue.
The APT Airport District shall be an overlay zoning district to the existing zoning districts. All of the provisions of the underlying zoning districts shall remain in full force, except that these additional procedures and requirements of this article also apply. In the event of conflict between the regulations of this article and any other regulations applicable to the same area, whether the conflict be with respect to the height of structures or trees, the use of land or any other matter, and whether the other regulations were adopted in this chapter, in another chapter, by some other municipality, by the state or federal government or otherwise, the more stringent limitation or requirement shall govern and prevail.
For the purpose of Section 5917 of the Act of October 10, 1984, P.L. 837, No. 164, 74 Pa.C.S.A. § 5101 et seq., the Carlisle Zoning Hearing Board is appointed as the Board of Appeals, to hear and decide appeals, special exceptions and requests for variances pursuant to this article.