[HISTORY: Adopted by the Town Board of the
Town of Ithaca 7-27-2008 by L.L. No. 11-2008. Amendments noted
where applicable.]
The purpose of this chapter is to provide for
the protection of the natural environment and for the health, safety,
and general welfare of the citizens of the Town of Ithaca through
the regulation of nonstormwater discharges to the municipal storm
sewer system and surface waters to the maximum extent practicable.
This chapter establishes methods for controlling the introduction
of pollutants into the municipal storm sewer system in order to comply
with requirements of the Town's SPDES general permit for stormwater
discharges from municipal separate storm sewer systems. This chapter
also establishes methods for controlling the introduction of pollutants
into surface waters. The objectives of this chapter are:
A.
To regulate the contribution of pollutants to the
municipal storm sewer system, since such systems are not designed
to accept, process or discharge nonstormwater wastes.
B.
To prohibit certain activities regarding, and certain
connections and discharges to, the municipal storm sewer system and
surface waters.
C.
To meet the requirements of the Town's SPDES general
permit for stormwater discharges from municipal separate storm sewer
systems, as it may be amended or revised from time to time.
D.
To establish the legal authority to carry out all
inspection, surveillance, monitoring and enforcement procedures necessary
to ensure compliance with this chapter.
E.
To promote public awareness of the hazards involved
in the improper discharge of trash, yard waste, lawn chemicals, fertilizers,
pet waste, wastewater, grease, oil, petroleum products, cleaning products,
paint products, hazardous materials, sediment and other pollutants
into the municipal storm sewer system and into surface waters.
Whenever used in this chapter, the following
terms shall have the meanings set forth below:
Schedules of activities, prohibitions of practices, general
good-housekeeping practices, pollution prevention and educational
practices, maintenance procedures, and other management practices
to prevent or reduce the discharge of pollutants directly or indirectly
to stormwater, receiving waters, or stormwater conveyance systems.
This term also includes treatment practices, operating procedures,
and practices to control site runoff, spillage or leaks, sludge or
water disposal, or drainage from raw materials storage.
Activities requiring authorization under the New York State
SPDES permit for stormwater discharges from construction activity,
GP-02-01, as amended or revised. These activities include, but are
not limited to, construction projects resulting in land disturbance
of one or more acres through clearing, grubbing, grading, excavating,
or demolition.
The New York State Department of Environmental Conservation.
Any material, including any substance, waste, or combination
thereof, which, because of its quantity, concentration, or physical,
chemical, or infectious characteristics, may cause, or significantly
contribute to, a substantial present or potential hazard to human
health, safety, property, or the environment when improperly treated,
stored, transported, disposed of, or otherwise managed. This term
also includes any material or substance defined as or otherwise included
in the definition of "hazardous substances," "hazardous wastes," "hazardous
materials," or "toxic pollutants" under the Comprehensive Environmental
Response, Compensation and Liability Act, 42 U.S.C. §§ 9601
et seq., Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, 42 U.S.C. §§ 6901
et seq., Clean Water Act, 33 U.S.C. §§ 1251 et seq.,
New York Environmental Conservation Law, and all regulations promulgated
under these statutes.
Any connection to the municipal storm sewer system or surface waters prohibited by § 227-7 of this chapter.
Any discharge to the municipal storm sewer system or surface waters prohibited by § 227-5 of this chapter.
A sewage treatment facility serving one or more residential
parcels of land or residential households, or a private commercial
or institutional sewage treatment facility, that treats sewage or
other liquid wastes for discharge into the groundwaters of New York
State, except where a permit for such a facility is required under
the applicable provisions of Article 17 of the New York Environmental
Conservation Law.
Activities requiring the New York State SPDES permit for
discharges from industrial activities except construction, GP-98-03,
as amended or revised.
A conveyance or system of conveyances (including roads with
drainage systems, municipal streets, culverts, catch basins, curbs,
gutters, ditches, man-made channels, swales, ponds, stormwater pipes,
and storm drains):
Any discharge to the municipal storm sewer system or a surface
water that is not composed entirely of stormwater.
Any individual, association, organization, partnership, firm,
corporation or other entity recognized by law.
Any material which may cause or might reasonably be expected
to cause pollution of waters of the state, including but not limited
to dredged spoil; filter backwash; solid waste; incinerator residue;
treated or untreated sewage; animal wastes; cooking grease; detergents;
oil; antifreeze and other automotive fluids or residues; fertilizers;
pesticides; herbicides; garbage; sewage sludge; munitions; chemical
wastes; paints; varnishes; solvents; pharmaceuticals; biological materials;
radioactive materials; hazardous materials; heat; wrecked or discarded
equipment; rock; sand; industrial waste (including but not limited
to process wastewater and wash water); municipal waste; agricultural
waste; ballast; and wastes and residues that result from constructing
or remodeling a building or other structure (including but not limited
to concrete, cement, slurries, mud, plasters and concrete rinsates).
The human-made or human-induced alteration of the chemical,
physical, biological, thermal or radiological integrity of water.
Any building, structure, lot, parcel of land, or portion
of land, whether improved or unimproved, including adjacent sidewalks
and parking strips.
Stormwater Management Officer.
A State Pollutant Discharge Elimination System permit issued
by DEC to authorize the discharge of pollutants to the waters of the
state.
New York State.
Any surface flow, runoff, and drainage consisting entirely
of water from any form of natural precipitation (such as rain, snow
or ice) and resulting from such precipitation.
The Town Engineer, his or her designee, and any other public
official(s) designated by the Town Board.
All aboveground waters of the state that lie within the Town's
municipal boundaries or are within the Town's jurisdiction.
A list of all surface waters in the state for which beneficial
uses of the water (drinking, recreation, aquatic habitat, and industrial
use) are impaired by pollutants, prepared periodically by DEC as required
by Section 303(d) of the Clean Water Act, 33 U.S.C. §§ 1251
et seq. Section 303(d)-listed waters are estuaries, lakes and streams
that fall short of state surface water quality standards and are not
expected to improve within the next two years.
Total maximum daily load.
The maximum amount of a pollutant allowed to be released
into a water body so as not to impair uses of the water, allocated
among the sources of that pollutant.
The Town of Ithaca, New York.
Water that is not stormwater, is contaminated with pollutants,
and is or will be discarded.
Lakes, ponds, impounding reservoirs, springs, wells, rivers,
intermittent and perennial streams, creeks, wetlands, marshes, inlets,
canals, man-made bodies of water created for the treatment of stormwater,
and all other bodies of surface or underground water, natural or artificial,
public or private (except those private waters that do not combine
or effect a junction with natural surface or underground waters),
which are wholly or partially within or bordering the state or within
its jurisdiction. Storm sewers and nonstormwater waste treatment systems,
including treatment ponds or lagoons, which meet the criteria of this
definition are not waters of the state. This exclusion applies only
to man-made bodies of water which neither were originally created
in Waters of the State (such as a disposal area in wetlands) nor resulted
from impoundment of waters of the state.
Any area that is inundated or saturated by surface or ground
water at a frequency and duration sufficient to support, and that
under normal circumstances does support, a prevalence of vegetation
typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions.
All references to discharges in this chapter
shall apply to all discharges entering the municipal storm sewer system
or surface waters generated on any developed or undeveloped lands,
unless explicitly exempted or otherwise authorized by this chapter.
The Stormwater Management Officer(s) (SMO) shall
administer, implement, and enforce the provisions of this chapter.
The SMO shall have such additional powers and duties as the Town Board
may delegate to him or her.
A.
No person shall discharge or cause to be discharged into the municipal storm sewer system or surface waters any material or substance that is not composed entirely of stormwater, unless it is an authorized discharge as set forth in § 227-6.
B.
This prohibition applies to direct discharges (such
as through pipes, hoses, or human-created channels) and indirect discharges
(such as through sheet flow, groundwater infiltration, or natural
swales) into the municipal storm sewer system or surface waters.
C.
Any person who is notified that it is violating the
prohibitions in this section shall immediately take appropriate action
to abate the violation and comply with this section.
A.
The discharge prohibition in § 227-5 shall not apply to the following:
(1)
Discharges authorized under an SPDES permit, waiver,
or waste discharge order issued to the discharger and administered
under DEC's authority, provided that the discharger is in full compliance
with all requirements of the permit, waiver, or order and other applicable
laws and regulations, and further provided that DEC has granted written
approval for the discharge into the municipal storm sewer system or
surface water.
(2)
Discharges approved in writing by the SMO to protect
life or property from imminent harm or damage, provided that such
approval shall not be construed to constitute compliance with other
applicable laws and requirements, and further provided that such discharges
may be permitted for a specified time period and under such conditions
as the SMO may deem appropriate to protect such life and property
while reasonably maintaining the purpose and intent of this chapter.
(3)
Dye testing in compliance with applicable state and
local laws, provided that the discharger provides a verbal notification
to the SMO prior to the time of the test.
B.
The following nonstormwater discharges are permissible,
but only if they do not result in a violation of New York State water
quality standards, the DEC or Town has not determined them to be substantial
contributors of pollution, and they are undertaken in compliance with
any applicable or required best management practices:
(1)
Water supply line flushing.
(2)
Discharges from potable water sources.
(3)
Runoff and infiltration from landscape irrigation.
(4)
Runoff and infiltration from lawn watering.
(5)
Existing legally diverted stream flows.
(6)
Rising groundwater.
(7)
Uncontaminated groundwater infiltration to storm drains.
(8)
Uncontaminated pumped groundwater.
(9)
Uncontaminated groundwater from foundation and footing
drains.
(10)
Uncontaminated groundwater from crawl space
and basement sump pumps.
(11)
Air-conditioning condensate.
(12)
Irrigation water.
(13)
Springs.
(14)
Water from individual residential car washing.
(15)
Flows from natural riparian habitats and wetlands.
(16)
Dechlorinated swimming pool discharges.
(17)
Residential street wash water.
(18)
Water from fire-fighting activities.
(19)
Any other water source not containing pollutants.
A.
No person shall construct, use, maintain or permit
the continued existence of any human-created connection to the municipal
storm sewer system or surface waters via pipe, hose, drain, plumbing,
channel, or other human-created conveyance, whether on the surface
or subsurface, where said connection could allow an illicit discharge
into the municipal storm sewer system or surface waters.
B.
This prohibition expressly includes, without limitation,
illicit connections that were made prior to the effective date of
this chapter and regardless of whether the connection was permissible
or approved under law or practices applicable or prevailing at the
time of connection.
C.
Any person who is notified that it is violating the
prohibitions in this section shall immediately take appropriate action
to abate the violation and comply with this section.
The following activities are prohibited:
A.
Activities that cause or contribute to a violation
of the Town's Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System SPDES permit.
B.
Activities that cause or contribute to the triggering
of any of the following special conditions in the Town's Municipal
Separate Storm Sewer System SPDES permit:
(1)
Discharge compliance with water quality standards:
This condition is triggered where DEC has notified the Town that the
discharge of stormwater authorized under its Municipal Separate Storm
Sewer System SPDES permit may have caused or has the reasonable potential
to cause or contribute to the violation of an applicable water quality
standard. Under this condition, the Town must take all necessary actions
to ensure future discharges do not cause or contribute to a violation
of water quality standards.
(2)
303(d)-listed waters: This condition is triggered
where the municipal storm sewer system discharges to a 303(d)-listed
water. Under this condition, the Town's stormwater management program
must ensure no increase of the listed pollutant of concern to the
303(d)-listed water.
(3)
TMDL strategy. This condition is triggered where a
TMDL, including requirements for control of stormwater discharges,
has been approved by the EPA for a water body or watershed into which
the municipal storm sewer system discharges.
(4)
This condition is triggered if a TMDL is approved
in the future by the EPA for any water body or watershed into which
a municipal storm sewer system discharges. Under this condition, the
Town must review the applicable TMDL to see if it includes requirements
for control of stormwater discharges. If a municipal storm sewer system
is not meeting the TMDL stormwater allocations, the Town must, within
six months of the TMDL's approval, modify its stormwater management
program to ensure that reduction of the pollutant of concern specified
in the TMDL is achieved.
C.
Such prohibited activities include, but are not limited
to, improper management of animal waste, application of fertilizer
or pesticide not in accordance with label directions, and storage
of fertilizers or pesticides so they are exposed to stormwater, where
such activities cause or contribute to violations of the Town's Municipal
Separate Storm Sewer System SPDES permit or cause or contribute to
the triggering of any of the special conditions in said permit.
D.
Any person who is notified that its activities violate
the prohibitions in this section shall immediately modify or abate
such activities so they are no longer in violation.
E.
Failing individual sewage treatment systems may also
contaminate stormwater, and the failure to properly maintain and operate
an individual sewage treatment system is a violation of the Tompkins
County Sanitary Code. If the Town receives notification of a potentially
failing system, the Town will refer the report to the Tompkins County
Health Department.
A.
Where the Stormwater Management Officer has identified an illicit discharge or an activity prohibited by § 227-8, the Town may, among other things, require implementation of best management practices to control said discharges or practices. Examples of best management practices include, but are not limited to, spill response plans, proper storage of hazardous materials, and the marking of storm drains on commercial, industrial, or institutional properties.
B.
The owner and/or operator of premises used for commercial,
industrial or institutional purposes that violates said prohibitions
may be required to provide, at its own expense, reasonable protection
from accidental discharge of pollutants into the municipal storm sewer
system or surface waters through the use of structural and/or nonstructural
best management practices.
C.
The owner and/or operator of premises which are, or
may be, the source of a prohibited discharge or activity may be required
to implement, at said person's expense, structural and/or nonstructural
best management practices to reduce or eliminate the source of pollutant(s)
to the municipal storm sewer system or surface waters.
Any person subject to an industrial or construction
activity SPDES stormwater discharge permit shall comply with all provisions
of such permit. The Town may require proof of compliance with said
permit in a form acceptable to the Town before it allows such discharges
to the municipal storm sewer system.
A.
The SMO may, without prior notice, suspend municipal
storm sewer system discharge access to a person when such suspension
is necessary to stop an actual or threatened discharge which presents
or may present imminent and substantial danger to the environment,
to the health or welfare of persons, or to the municipal storm sewer
system. The SMO shall notify the person of such suspension in writing
within a reasonable time thereafter of the reasons for the suspension.
If the recipient fails to comply with a suspension order issued in
an emergency, the SMO may take such steps as deemed necessary to prevent
or minimize damage to the municipal storm sewer system and/or to minimize
danger to persons.
B.
Suspension due to the detection of illicit discharge. Any person discharging to the municipal storm sewer system in violation of this chapter may have its access terminated if such termination would abate or reduce an illicit discharge. The SMO shall notify an alleged violator in writing of the proposed termination of its access and the reasons therefor. If the alleged violator disputes the SMO's allegations, it may appeal to the Town Board pursuant to the procedures set forth in § 227-14C. Access may be granted by the Town Board if it finds that the illicit discharge has ceased and the discharger has taken steps to prevent its recurrence. Access may be denied if the Town Board determines in writing that the illicit discharge has not ceased or is likely to recur. The Town Board's decision shall constitute a final agency action.
A.
Applicability. This section applies to all premises
that the SMO must inspect to enforce or verify compliance with any
provision of this chapter and to all premises upon which the Town
has reason to believe that there exists, or potentially exists, a
condition which constitutes a violation of this chapter.
B.
Access to premises.
(1)
The SMO shall be permitted to enter and inspect premises
as often as may be necessary to determine compliance with this chapter.
If the owner, operator or occupant of the premises has security measures
in force which require proper identification and clearance before
entry, such person shall make the necessary arrangements to allow
access to the SMO.
(2)
The owners, operators and occupants of premises shall
allow the SMO ready access to all parts of the premises for the purposes
of inspection, sampling, examination and copying of records as may
be required to implement and enforce this chapter.
(3)
The Town shall have the right to set up upon any premises
and to operate and monitor such devices as are necessary in the opinion
of the SMO to conduct monitoring and/or sampling of discharges from
the premises into the municipal storm sewer system or surface waters.
(4)
The Town has the right to require the owners, operators
or occupants of premises to install monitoring equipment as is reasonably
necessary to determine compliance with this chapter. Such person shall
maintain such sampling and monitoring equipment in a safe and proper
operating condition at all times and at its own expense. All devices
used to measure stormwater flow and quality shall be calibrated to
ensure their accuracy, and written proof of such calibration shall
be submitted to the SMO upon his or her request.
(5)
The owners, operators and occupants of premises shall
not unreasonably delay the Town in its access to the premises, nor
shall they deny the Town reasonable access to the premises where such
access is required to conduct any activity authorized or required
by this chapter.
(6)
If the SMO has been refused access to any part of
the premises to which access is authorized or required pursuant to
this chapter and the SMO is able to demonstrate probable cause to
believe that there may be a violation of this chapter, or that there
is a need to inspect and/or sample as part of a routine inspection
and sampling program designed to verify compliance with this chapter
or any order issued hereunder, then the SMO may seek issuance of a
warrant from any court of competent jurisdiction.
A.
Notwithstanding any other requirements of law, as
soon as any person responsible for any premises (including any facility
or operation thereon) or for emergency response for any premises,
facility or operation has information of any known or suspected release
of materials which are resulting or may result in an illicit discharge
into the municipal storm sewer system or surface waters, said person
shall take all necessary steps to ensure the discovery, containment,
and cleanup of such release. In the event of a release of hazardous
materials into the municipal storm sewer system or surface waters,
said person shall immediately notify the relevant emergency response
agencies of the occurrence via emergency dispatch services (911) and
then immediately notify the SMO as soon as possible. In the event
of a release of nonhazardous materials into the municipal storm sewer
system or surface waters, said person shall notify the SMO by no later
than the next business day. All notifications shall be confirmed by
written notice addressed and mailed to the SMO within three business
days of the release or discovery thereof.
B.
If the illicit discharge emanates from a commercial,
industrial or institutional establishment, the owner or operator of
such establishment shall also retain an on-site written record of
the discharge and the actions taken to prevent its recurrence. Such
records shall be retained for at least three years.
A.
Notice of violation.
(1)
When the SMO determines that any person has violated
a prohibition or failed to meet any other requirement of this chapter,
the SMO may order compliance by written notice of violation to the
responsible person. Such notice may require, without limitation:
(a)
The performance of monitoring, analyses, and
reporting;
(b)
The elimination of illicit connections or illicit
discharges;
(c)
That violating discharges, practices, or operations
cease and desist;
(d)
The abatement or remediation of stormwater pollution
or contamination hazards and the restoration of any affected property;
and/or
(e)
The implementation of source control or treatment
best management practices.
(2)
If abatement of a violation and/or restoration of
affected property is required, the notice of violation shall set forth
a deadline within which such remediation or restoration must be completed.
Said notice of violation shall further advise that, should the violator
fail to remediate or restore within the established deadline, the
work may be done by a designated governmental agency or a contractor,
with the expense thereof to be charged to the violator and/or to become
a lien against the premises.
B.
Town's performance of remediation and restoration.
(1)
If any remedial or restoration measures are not completed to the satisfaction of the SMO within the period set forth in the Town's notice of violation or Town Board's decision after any appeal thereof pursuant to Subsection C below, the Town may enter the premises to undertake the remedial or restoration measures or cause them to be made. The Town's entry onto such premises shall be pursuant to an agreement between the Town and the landowner. If no agreement exists or can be obtained in a timely manner, the Town may enter such property to remove an imminent danger to life, property or safety of the public caused by the activities that violate this chapter. The Town further may seek a warrant from a court of competent jurisdiction for access to the premises and/or may seek a court order requiring or authorizing all actions reasonably necessary to abate the violation and/or restore the property, with the costs of such actions the sole responsibility of the violator.
(2)
The Town shall present the landowner with a bill for
all costs and expenses incurred by the Town in connection with the
remedial and restoration measures. If the landowner shall fail to
pay such costs and expenses within 15 days after the demand for same,
or within 30 days of the final decision on any administrative or judicial
contest the landowner may pursue, then such unpaid costs, expenses
and interest (at the statutory interest rate for money judgments in
New York State courts) incurred from the date of the remedial and
restoration measures shall constitute a lien upon the land on which
such measures were undertaken. A legal action or proceeding may be
brought to collect such costs, expenses, interest, and recoverable
attorney's fees or to foreclose such lien. As an alternative to the
maintenance of any such action, the Town may file a certificate with
the Tompkins County Department of Assessment stating the costs and
expenses incurred and interest accruing as aforesaid, together with
a statement identifying the property and landowner. The Tompkins County
Department of Assessment shall in the preparation of the next assessment
roll assess such unpaid costs, expenses and interest upon such property.
Such amount shall be included as a special ad valorem levy (administered
as a move tax) against such property, shall constitute a lien, and
shall be collected and enforced in the same manner, by the same proceedings,
at the same time, and under the same penalties as are provided by
law for collection and enforcement of real property taxes in the Town
of Ithaca. The assessment of such costs, expenses and interest shall
be effective even if the property would otherwise be exempt from real
estate taxation.
(3)
The Town's rights to undertake remedial and restoration
measures and recover the costs from the landowner are in addition
to all other rights and remedies allowed by this chapter or by law
or in equity.
C.
Appeals of notices of violation, notices of proposed
suspension of access, and Town bills. Any person receiving a notice
of violation, notice of proposed suspension of access to the municipal
storm sewer system, or a bill for Town costs and expenses may appeal
to the Town Board by, within 15 days of receipt of such notice or
bill, delivering to the Town Clerk at the Town offices an appeal requesting
a reconsideration and administrative hearing before the Town Board.
Such appeal shall state the basis for the request for reconsideration
and shall be accompanied by any supporting materials. Failure to serve
such an appeal within 15 days shall be deemed a waiver of any claim
or defense that the notice or bill is not justified, and the violator
shall comply with the requirements of the notice or pay the bill.
If the appeal is timely filed, the Town Board shall, within 40 days
of the filing, hold a hearing and, based upon any relevant materials
presented by the Town and the appellant, shall issue a resolution
deciding the appeal within 30 days after the hearing. Such resolution
shall be filed with the Town Clerk, who shall arrange for delivery
of a copy of the decision to the appellant within five days after
such filing, at the address for such person designated in the appeal
or at such other address as the appellant may thereafter designate
in writing to the Town Clerk. The Town Board's decision after the
hearing shall constitute a final agency action.
D.
Fines, penalties and injunctive relief.
(1)
Fines and imprisonment.
(a)
A violation of any of this chapter's requirements
is hereby declared to be an offense, with conviction of a first offense
punishable by a fine of up to $500 or imprisonment not to exceed 15
days, or both. For conviction of a second or subsequent offense which
was committed within a period of five years from the commission of
the prior offense, a violator shall be subject to a fine of up to
$1,000 or imprisonment not to exceed 15 days, or both.
(b)
Each day a violation exists shall constitute
a separate violation.
(c)
Any police officer, peace officer, Town Code
Enforcement Officer, or any other person who may be lawfully designated
by the Town Board shall have the authority to issue appearance tickets
in connection with such violations.
(2)
Civil penalties and injunctions.
(a)
Persons violating any of this chapter's requirements
shall be liable for a civil penalty of up to $500 for a first violation
and up to $1,000 for a second or subsequent violation which was committed
within a period of five years from the commission of the prior violation.
(b)
Each day a violation exists shall constitute
a separate violation.
(c)
The Attorney for the Town or his or her designee
may commence an action or special proceeding against the violator
in a court of competent jurisdiction to collect these penalties, together
with costs, disbursements and recoverable attorney's fees, and/or
to compel compliance with this chapter or restrain by injunction any
such violation.
E.
Withholding of building permits and certificates of
occupancy or certificates of compliance. If any activity is undertaken
or condition exists in violation of this chapter, the SMO or Town
Code Enforcement Officer may withhold or revoke any building permit
or withhold a certificate of occupancy or certificate of compliance.
[Amended 5-12-2014 by L.L. No. 6-2014]
F.
Alternative remedies.
(1)
Upon the recommendation of the Attorney for the Town
and concurrence of the SMO, the Town and any violator of this chapter
may agree that the violator will voluntarily be subject to alternative
remedies in lieu of the Town's seeking a civil penalty. Such an agreement
is appropriate where:
(a)
The violation was unintentional;
(b)
The violator has no history of previous violations
of this chapter;
(c)
Environmental damage did not occur or was minimal;
(d)
The violator acted quickly to remedy the violation;
and
(e)
The violator cooperated in the investigation
and the violation's resolution.
(2)
Alternative remedies may consist of one or more of
the following:
In addition to the enforcement processes and
penalties provided in this chapter, any condition caused or permitted
to exist in violation of any of the provisions of this chapter is
hereby deemed and declared to be a threat to public health, safety,
and welfare and is declared and deemed a nuisance and may be summarily
abated or restored at the violator's expense, and/or a civil action
to abate, enjoin, or otherwise compel the cessation of such nuisance
may be undertaken by the Town in its sole discretion.
The remedies set forth in this chapter are not
exclusive of any other remedies available under any applicable federal,
state or local law, and it is within the discretion of the Town to
seek cumulative remedies.
