Article IV Construction Specifications

All construction shall at all times be subject to inspection by the Town Board, its agents, representatives, and authorized employees. Such inspectors may stop the work when the developer or his contractor has no competent foreman in charge of the work, or when the work or materials do not meet these specifications, or when circumstances are such that continuance of that particular phase of the work would not be in the best interest of the Town. Costs incurred for inspection services for dedicated and Town related facilities shall be borne by the developer, and sufficient funds shall be part of the letter of credit. (See § A125-18, Establishment and issuance.)

Failure of the Town, the Town Engineer, their agents, employees or representatives to reject improper work or inferior material during construction shall not be construed as, nor imply, final acceptance. If subsequent inspection, operation, or circumstances cause defects to become evident, the developer shall make, or cause to be made, such cuts or other exposures of the work as may be required to determine cause of such defects. Such defects shall then be corrected to the satisfaction of the Town at the expense of the developer.

Responsibility for work. The developer is solely responsible to the Town for proper construction of utilities. It will normally be of benefit to both the developer and the Town to have Town representatives deal directly with the developer's contractors where such are employed, both as a matter of expedience and to avoid needless liaison. However, such action shall not be construed as relieving the developer of his prime responsibility to the Town.

Safeguarding Existing utilities, other property and persons.

The developer or his contractor, where work and responsibility has been so delegated, shall locate all existing sewers, water mains, underground conduits, gas mains or other utilities in the work area prior to commencing operations. Appropriate utility officials shall receive prior notice of intent to start construction, and their recommendations and orders shall be followed.

Care shall be taken to protect persons and property, and to avoid potentially hazardous conditions or nuisances. The developer and his contractor shall comply with all stipulations of the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 and all revisions and amendments thereto.

Warranty of work and materials.

The developer shall warrant all work performed and materials furnished against defect, failure, inadequacy, or breakage for a period of two years from the date of final acceptance of the work by the Town Board. A certified check or warranty bond shall be deposited with the Town prior to the acceptance of the work. In the event of defect, failure, inadequacy, or breakage during said warranty period, the developer shall make the necessary repairs or replacements within two days of the receipt of written notice from the Town Board or its Engineer.

	Amount of Warranty Bond Required by the Town
	Project Construction Cost	Amount of Warrant Bond as a Percent of the Construction Cost
	$0 to $100,000	50%
	$100,000 to $500,000	25%
	$500,000 to $1,000,000	15%

Should the developer fail, neglect, or refuse to make the necessary repairs or replacements within the specified time, the Town shall make the necessary repairs or replacements, for the account of the developer, and deduct all costs therefor from the monies or securities being held by the Town to ensure compliance during the warranty period.

The developer shall notify the Town 45 days prior to the expiration date of the warranty bond. The Town will then provide punch-list of work to be corrected, if any, so developer may make necessary repairs prior to completion of the warranty period or warranty will be extended.

Stakeout.

All construction work shall be properly staked out by competent engineering personnel in accordance with the approved plan. Such stakeout shall be in sufficient detail to ensure correct elevations of tops of structures, proper crowns, slopes, and alignments.

Where pavement base courses or subgrades are left unfinished during the winter, they shall be restaked in the spring and regraded accordingly.

Protection of incomplete works. Where work is left incomplete, because of weather or other reasons, it shall be protected. Road beds shall be left well-drained. Storm drains shall be so protected that surface water, mud, silt, and debris cannot enter. Sever laterals, water services, and valves shall be suitably marked with stakes, and shall be protected.

Final drawings. Prior to acceptance of the utilities by the Town, the developer shall submit an "as-built" plan. This plan shall be drawn to scale and shall indicate by dimensions, angles and distances, as applicable, the location of sewer and drain Y-branches, laterals, manholes, catch basins, hydrants, valves, curb shutoffs, road profiles and center-line elevations and final grading plan showing swales and ditches. Plan shall show easements and dedicated roadways. As-built plans shall be submitted to the Town on a reproducible "Mylar" or equivalent.

Full completion of work and cleanup.

Prior to acceptance of the utilities by the Town, the developer shall fully complete the work and leave the site in a neat and orderly condition. Slopes, drainageways and other graded areas shall be fully stabilized by planting grass or other vegetation or by such means acceptable to the Town.

Grading between adjacent lots as well as between lots and the street area shall have a continuity without abrupt changes in elevation or unfinished ground surface.

All areas shall be so graded that runoff from higher elevation lots does not create a nuisance on lower elevation lots. To this extent lots shall normally be graded to drain front-and-back with street drainage system taking the front drainage and shallow swales taking the back-lot-line drainage.

§ A125-21 Construction of roads and streets.

Valve boxes, manhole covers and curb shutoff boxes shall be left at a proper elevation.

Permits. The developer shall obtain from the proper authorities all necessary permits for all work required.

Materials - general requirements. All materials used in the work shall meet the requirements as specified, unless the same are altered by specified requirements under any itemized specification or by modifying notes shown upon the plans. In the absence of any specific reference to specifications, the material to be incorporated into any project, and the work to be performed are intended to conform to the NYS Department of Transportation specifications, as determined by the Town Engineer.

Basis of construction. In order to assure the structural integrity of the subgrade and "crusher run" stone foundation course the following general rules shall apply:

Underground utilities shall be constructed outside the pavement area.

Where crossover trenches are required for utility services, the trenches shall be backfilled with the excavated material, if acceptable and approved by Town Inspector, or No. 2 crusher run stone. Material shall be compacted in six-inch layers with vibrating tamping equipment. (Developers note that this includes crossovers for gas mains and other utilities and services.)

After properly shaping and obtaining approval of the subgrade, the crusher run foundation course may be placed. The entire foundation course - out to out - must be vibra-tamped.

Foundation courses for permanent roads must not be used for access or haul roads in wet weather or during winter, or at such times when the subgrade could become "pumped" into the foundation course.

Where pavements must be placed in an embankment condition the entire height of embankment must be constructed with the use of standard and appropriate compaction equipment. This equipment shall consist of sheepsfoot rollers, vibratory roller or similar equipment. Entire embankment area shall be compacted to 95% modified AASHO density. If required by the Town Engineer, the developer shall provide results of certified compaction tests undertaken by a competent soils testing laboratory.

Roadway excavation. Material from clearing and grubbing and the removal of sod and topsoil shall be stored for later use, or placed in the embankment beyond the pavement limits as directed by the Town Engineer. All stumps, brush, trees, and other rubbish shall be disposed of in a manner satisfactory to the Town.

Preparing road subgrade.

Work. The contractor shall excavate for the base, pavement and gutters to the designed subgrade elevation and 6 inches wider on each side than the designed pavement and gutter width as shown on the "Typical Road Section"[1] and as indicated in the following specifications.

Editor's Note: Said appendix is included at the end of this chapter.

Method. The subgrade shall be constructed following the depth and alignment of the stakes established by the developer's licensed land surveyor or engineer for this purpose. These stakes shall be at intervals of not more than 50 feet and at 25 feet in areas on grades of less than 0.5%.

After being excavated to the proper depth the subgrade shall be graded and crowned 1/4 of an inch to each foot of width on each side of center line, allowing for extra three feet by eight inches wedge excavation as shown on "Typical Road Section,"[2] and rolled thoroughly with a ten-ton three-wheeled roller or vibratory roller capable of producing a minimum dynamic vibration force of 27,000 lbs. Any unsuitable material found below subgrade shall be removed and replaced by approved No. 2 crusher run stone and compacted in six-inch lifts. If the fine grade becomes rutted, it shall be regraded and rolled before the base is put in.

Editor's Note: Said appendix is included at the end of this chapter.

No base shall be put in over unstable trenches or soft spots. If this condition should arise, the soil should be removed and filled with R.O.B. gravel. The contractor is responsible for any settling in finished pavement.

Road base.

Work. The contractor shall furnish and put in place a twelve-inch base of No. 2 crusher-run dolomite limestone in one six-inch and two three-inch lifts as shown on the "Typical Standard Road Section"[3] and as further described in the following specifications.

Editor's Note: Said appendix is included at the end of this chapter.

Material. The material shall conform to a "No. 2 Crusher-Run" dolomite limestone.

Method.

The base shall be placed on a graded, crowned and compacted subgrade, free of ruts and disturbed earth as follows:

After proper rolling and grading of the subgrade the three feet by eight inches wedge is to be filled with No. 1 crushed stone and corrugated metal pipe underdrain.

The six-inch and first three-inch lift shall be placed and graded, maintaining the specified crown of 1/4 inch per foot and rolled thoroughly with a vibratory compactor capable of producing a minimum dynamic vibration force of 27,000 lbs.

The last lift of three inches shall be placed and graded to conform to the lines and grades as shown on the "Typical Road Section."[4] All depressions and/or bony areas shall be brought to grade and/or choked with No. 00s and No. 1 crushed dolomite limestone. The material shall then be rolled thoroughly with a vibratory roller from the gutter to the center line.

[4]

Editor's Note: Said appendix is included at the end of this chapter.

Special care should be given during this operation not to harm the concrete gutter; i.e., scraping with grader blade or hitting with roller wheels. Special attention should also be given to obtain good compaction next to the gutter.

Construction of concrete gutters.

Work. The contractor shall furnish and place Portland cement concrete gutters as shown on the plans and in accordance with the thickness and cross section as shown on the "Typical Road Section"[5] and as stated in the following specifications.

[5]

Editor's Note: Said appendix is included at the end of this chapter.

Material. The material shall conform to the January 2, 1962, State of New York, Department of Transportation, Division of Construction, Public Works Specifications "Item 98-Concrete Gutters." The concrete shall have a minimum compression strength of 3,500 psi after 28 days, using a six bag mix with 6% plus or minus entrained cement.

Method. The concrete gutters shall be constructed of the shape shown on the "Typical Road Section"[6] and shall conform to the lines and grades shown on the plans and as approved by the Town.

Standard six-inch steel forms shall be used and set to the grade and alignment by stakes established by the project engineer for this purpose. These stakes shall be set at intervals of not more than 50 feet and 25 feet in flat areas on grades of less than 0.8%. The base that these forms are set upon shall be graded to obtain a full six inches of concrete particularly under the invert. This base material between forms shall be compacted by mechanical means preferably a vibra-tamper. These forms shall be oiled before the pouring of concrete.

Expansion joints shall be installed every 50 feet with fracture (or dummy) joints every 10 feet, an expansion joint shall be installed at the end of a days work or wherever the pouring of concrete is stopped for any reason. (The intent of this last clause is to prevent the disturbance of concrete which has reached its initial set.) Expansion joints shall be constructed of one-half-inch premolded joint material.

(c)

To ensure positive flow the gutter shall be screeded longitudinally with a suitable straight edge. The screed shall be worked laterally, i.e., parallel with the center line of the gutter from the invert of the gutter to the outer edges. This process shall be done at the appropriate time during the setting of the concrete. When gutters are installed by this "hand method" special attention should be given to the "spading" of the concrete along the sides of the forms. The gutter may also be installed by use of an approved gutter machine using the proper screed to form the invert shown on "Typical Road Section,"[7] and equipped with a vibrator attachment.

[7]

Editor's Note: Said appendix is included at the end of this chapter.

(d)

At the appropriate time the concrete shall be broomed lightly with a fine-bristled broom and edged with a proper metal edging tool. This brooming is to fill small voids thus making it unnecessary to do an excessive amount of floating and troweling which brings too much water to the surface causing spalling of the finished concrete in the future.

(e)

The forms shall not be removed until the concrete is sufficiently "set" to prevent chipping of the edges. The gutter shall be backfilled as soon as possible to prevent undermining of the gutter in case of precipitation. The gutters shall be protected from traffic for a sufficient length of time to avoid damage to them.

[6]

Editor's Note: Said appendix is included at the end of this chapter.

Cold weather concreting. Concrete gutters shall not be installed while there is frost in the ground. Gutters installed in the cold weather shall be suitably covered by straw, hay or other means to prevent freezing.

Wet weather concreting. Concrete gutters shall not be installed where there is water lying between the forms or where the gravel is soft from rain. Gutters installed (unavoidably) during a rainstorm shall be covered by a waterproof material immediately.

(6)

The concrete gutter shall be cured by spraying with "Accure" manufactured by the Allerton Chemical Company, "Polyclear" manufactured by the UPCO Company, or an approved equal. The spray shall be applied to the gutter at the coverage rate as specified by the manufacturer.

Bituminous concrete pavement.

Work. The contractor shall furnish and construct a two-course bituminous concrete pavement laid to conform to the required thickness and cross section as shown on the plan and on the "Typical Road Section"[8] and as further described in the following specifications.

[8]

Editor's Note: Said appendix is included at the end of this chapter.

Material. The material shall conform to the January 2, 1962, State of New York, Department of Public Works, Division of Construction, Public Works Specification Item 51, Type 1A. Upon request the contractor shall furnish the Engineer in writing the source of the material and provide a written description of the material to be used including size and percentage of the aggregate and asphalt. The Engineer reserves the right to modify the percentages of the aggregates to be used.

Method. Before starting the laying of the asphalt pavement the base shall be graded and compacted between the concrete gutters according to the plan. Also, manholes should be adjusted to the proper grade to meet the crown and slope of the finished pavement.

The asphalt shall be applied in two courses consisting of a two-inch binder course and a one-inch top course, compacted thickness. The pavement shall be laid by an approved self-propelled, crawler mounted, asphalt spreader manned by competent operators. The top course shall be applied the season following the season the binder course was applied. (Binder shall be through a freeze-thaw cycle prior to topping.)

Each course will be compacted by rolling with a ten-to-twelve-ton tandem roller at the appropriate time by a competent operator.

(c)

All raking shall be done by skilled help to maintain a smooth and uniform finish at intersections, curves and around manholes, valve boxes, etc.

(d)

Before applying the top course any irregularities found in the binder course shall be eliminated. At no time will "cold patch" or winter mix be used for any purpose.

(e)

Protection of new pavement shall be provided until properly set. This protection is necessary on subdivisions where the traffic is mostly by cars starting and stopping or by heavy trucks.

(f)

The finished pavement shall be level or slightly above (maximum 1/2 inch) the concrete gutters. At no time shall it be below.

(g)

On grass swales with underdrain section edge of binder course shall extend three inches beyond top course.

Maintenance of roadway. The developer shall be responsible for maintaining and protecting the roadway and temporary cul-de-sac and/or turnaround during the warranty period. If subsequent subdivision sections are built utilizing the roadway for access and/or haul road during construction, the developer shall be responsible for special maintenance provisions. These provisions could be placing or replacing topping, periodic cleaning and flushing of the road surface and repair of any structural damage. The developer shall submit a schedule of his proposed "road maintenance program" to the Town indicating how the roadway will be maintained, a timetable for the proposed maintenance and an estimate of cost. This schedule shall be reviewed and approved by the Town and shall become part of the project work. The approved estimated amount for maintenance shall be included in the letter of credit.

Roadside swales. Where a grass swale is used with the approval of the Town, special attention shall be given to shaping and permanently establishing swales in a manner to minimize erosion, jute mesh and/or mulching shall be utilized to establish thick vegetative cover.

Highway frontage.

To promote and protect the public health, safety, and welfare it shall be the policy of the Town Planning Board to control the number of entrances and exits onto and off from state, county, and Town highways.

This policy is adopted toward the end that safer highways shall result, more cohesive neighborhoods be developed, and abutting property owners shall not be unduly and unnecessarily inconvenienced in the future when it becomes necessary to widen highways to accommodate greater traffic flows.

To implement the policy described in Subsection J(1) of this statement of policy, the Town Planning Board shall from time to time, as part of the process of approving sketches, maps, plots, plats, or plans require that the applicant grant to the Town of Rush such easements as are required to provide access to contiguous properties onto a public highway via frontage or service roads, common driveway, or such other roadways as are required so that the number of entrances and exits onto and off from state, county, and Town highways are not increased.

Frontage roads and drives. The Planning Board will review all frontage roads and drives in relation to access, ability to support traffic loads, traffic circulation, drainage and maintenance. All private roads shall be named and marked with an approved sign for adequate identification for emergency and fire situations. The conditions and standards for frontage roads are as follows:

A frontage road may serve a maximum of four housing units.

Right-of-way. A right-of-way or shall be at least 60 feet in width and each owner shall own a fee interest in a part of said right-of-way that is at least 20 feet in width. Ownership of said twenty-foot-wide parcel may be in common with others.

Construction specifications.

The minimum width of the traveled way for two, three or four lots is to be 20 feet.

Road subgrade (native earth beneath road base) to be shaped to a crown and compacted, to prevent groundwater from becoming trapped in the road base.

(c)

Road base to consist of a minimum of nine inches of run-of-bank gravel meeting NYS DOT Item 304, thoroughly compacted in two lifts.

(d)

Roadside swales are to be provided. Swale inverts to be 10 inches lower than road subgrade. Swales are to be graded to a minimum slope of 1% to provide positive drainage to the nearest watercourse. Swale side slopes to be graded to at least a one vertical to three horizontal slope and seeded to provide a healthy growth of grass.

Drainage easements shall be reserved where road runoff must cross private property. Easement width is to be established by the Town Engineer.

Turning radius shall be a minimum of 40 feet to the inside radius or as required to safely turn the local emergency vehicles.

(6)

See Frontage Road Detail drawing at rear of book. [9]

[9]

Editor's Note: Said appendix is included at the end of this chapter.

§ A125-22 Road dedication policy.

If a road or street intended for dedication is part of a subdivision development, consideration for dedication of said road or street or portion thereof will be made only and after the following conditions have been met:

That the development as originally approved by the Planning Board is substantially completed. The decision to accept a road for dedication is a policy determination within the sole discretion of the Town Board of the Town of Rush and its Highway Superintendent. Nothing in this chapter shall require that such determination and acceptance occur unless both the Town Board and the Highway Superintendent determine that it is in the public interest to do so. No landowner in the Town shall enjoy the right to or have a property interest in having any of its lands accepted as a public highway in the Town.

[Amended 4-8-2015 by L.L. No. 1-2015]

That the standards set forth in this Chapter A125, Design Criteria and Construction Specifications, for all improvements have been met and approved by the Town Engineer in writing.

The Town will require security for the entire road or portion thereof or other improvements in the form of a letter of credit and a maintenance bond in an amount and for a length of time to be established by the Town Board and the Town Engineer.

§ A125-23 Construction of water mains and appurtenances.

That when a subdivision has received Town approval to be developed and constructed in phases, a road or street in a single phase of the development that is substantially completed may be considered for dedication at that time.

In order to provide for the health, safety and general welfare of the residents who reside on a road or street intended for eventual dedication, the Town of Rush will consider, subject to an agreement executed by both parties, providing such services as snow plowing to permit the safe passage of emergency vehicles and school buses, prior to the final completion and/or approval of the Town Engineer. The Town may require that a temporary turnaround for these vehicles be provided, that a program of erosion and dust control be followed and that whenever possible a secondary or work road be used for construction related vehicles during the construction of the remaining homes in the subdivision development.

All water main construction and related work shall be done in accordance with the Monroe County Water Authority's "Rules and Regulations for Developers and Developer's Engineer," "Standard Specifications for Material to be furnished by Developers," and "Detailed Specifications for the Installation of Mains and Services."

§ A125-24 Drop inlet construction.

Work. The contractor shall build drop inlets as shown on the "Drop Inlet Detail"[1] and according to the following specifications.

Editor's Note: Said appendix is included at the end of this chapter.

Material.

Use frame and grate as manufactured by the Borden Metal Products (rectangular type B J/twelve-inch grates and frames, per DPW drawing 65-45C, galvanized) or approved equal. Use Borden frame and grate as follows:

No. 1: 23 15/16 inches by 27 1/2 inches frame, 22 11/16 inches by 26 1/2 inches grade.

To be used under normal conditions unless otherwise specified.

To be used on a drop inlet built with inside dimensions of 18 inches by 24 inches.

No. 2: 28 15/16 inches by 27 1/2 inches frame, 27 11/16 inches by 26 1/2 inches grate.

To be used where specified under special conditions and in lawn area where required.

To be used on drop inlets built with, inside dimensions of 24 inches by 24 inches.

Precast concrete drop inlets shall be used. The drop inlet shall be 4,000 psi air entrained concrete, five-inch reinforced walls, six-inch reinforced base as manufactured by Warren Concrete Products Inc., or approved equal. Drop inlets shall be precast with four-inch drain pipe on three sides as shown on the Standard Detail.[2]

Editor's Note: Said appendix is included at the end of this chapter.

Method. The drop inlets shall be built on a foundation of 3,000 psi concrete.

Three four-inch diameter A.C. or clay tile pipe shall be placed to provide "weep drainage" (See Drop Inlet Detail.[3])

Editor's Note: Said appendix is included at the end of this chapter.

The inlets shall be positioned to allow for eight inches of concrete cap between the top of precast structure and the bottom of frame and grate as part of the concrete apron.

Before pouring the concrete apron, the frame shall be adjusted on drop inlet wall to allow a 1 1/2 inches drop from invert of gutter to top of grate (except under special conditions). This drop shall be formed gradually in the invert.

The drop inlet shall be provided with 1's and 2's crushed stone around the exterior, extending from the bottom of the drop inlet to the top of the masonry wall on a two-on-one slope. This stone shall be compacted before pouring of the concrete apron.

§ A125-25 Construction of storm drains.

The inside of the drop inlet shall be painted with one coat of Koppers bitumastic 300 M or approved equal.

(6)

The lateral pipe leading from the drop inlet to the storm manhole shall be encased in 1's and 2's crushed stone and extending to the top of the trench. This pipe shall be perforated corrugated metal pipe, bituminous coated, 16 gage.

Stormwater drain pipe.

Stormwater drain pipe shall be built of vitrified clay pipe, concrete pipe, asbestos cement pipe with plastic couplings or corrugated metal pipe bituminous coated.

The pipe shall be designed as to proper strength classification by the developer's licensed professional engineer and shall be stated on the plans. Height of cover, nature of foundation soil, type of bedding and trench width shall be considered in specifying the pipe. Developer shall be responsible for providing extra strength bedding, cradle or encasement if the design conditions cannot be met in the field. Whenever the storm drain is under the road, the Town requires that the developer's engineer specify the correct class for H-20 loading at the depth.

Special construction. Other types of drain pipe may be used to meet unusual construction conditions when approved by the Town Engineer. Concrete encasement or cradle for the drain may be required where excessive loads are expected, particularly in shallow trenches or where subsoil conditions are unsatisfactory.

Manholes and drop inlets. The materials used in the construction of manholes and drop inlets shall conform to the details as shown on the Standard Sheets included hereinafter.[1] Connecting pipe between drop inlets shall be a minimum eight inches diameter and from drop inlet to drain manhole shall be a minimum 12 inches diameter.

Editor's Note: Said appendix is included at the end of this chapter.

Special structures. Detailed plans for the construction of sewer lifts, box culverts, headwalls, bridges, erosion control structures, any necessary special manholes or drop inlets, etc., shall be submitted to the Town Engineer for his approval prior to construction.

Handling pipe. All pipes and fittings shall be handled carefully. Pipes and fittings shall not be dumped or dropped while unloading or during emplacement in the trench.

Stockpiling pipe. The contractor shall take all necessary precaution to insure the stability of any stockpile or individual length of pipe that is stored. Pipe stored along a road or sidewalk shall be placed so that it does not create a safety hazard or impair the free flow of traffic.

Fitting and cutting pipe. The joint surfaces of all pipes and fittings shall be clean, and shall fit together to form a tight joint. When setting pipe the workmanship and tools used shall be such that the quality and strength of the pipe is not impaired.

Joints. Stormwater drain joints shall be formed by caulking into the hubs a gasket of jute or oakum and then filling with mortar composed of equal parts of Portland cement and mortar sand, or at the contractor's option, a preformed or poured caulking compound of a type approved by the Town Engineer may be used. Plastic couplings may be used with asbestos cement pipe.

Drain line and grade. All pipe shall be laid true to line and grade with bells upstream and shall have a full, firm and even bearing. Boulders or other natural obstructions shall not be considered cause for varying from true line and grade.

Trenches. Any suitable excavation methods may be used but drain trenches shall be confined to the smallest area practical for proper construction. Hand methods shall be employed where it is deemed necessary by the Town Engineer to preserve trees or protect existing structures. All necessary precautions shall be taken when blasting to confine flying stone or debris and to protect and prevent damage to adjacent structures. Where necessary, sheeting and/or bracing shall be used to provide support and stability to the trench walls. Unless otherwise directed, sheeting and bracing shall be removed as the trenches are backfilled. For trench compaction specifications see Section II.2.2 (2).[2]

Editor's Note: Reference cited as in original.

Barricades. All open excavations shall be completely surrounded with barricades and illuminated at night.

Spoil. Excavated material unsuitable for backfill shall be removed from the site of the work as it is excavated. Excavated material that is to be sued for backfill shall be placed in spoil banks located on only one side of the trenches or pits and at least two feet away from the excavation wall. These spoil banks shall be located where they will not interfere with the work, or contribute an overload to the wall of the excavation. Where necessary, the excess material shall be removed to some other place and brought back when required. No rock shall be placed in the trench. Boulders nine inches in diameter or under could be placed back in the trench.

Drainage. Necessary precautions shall be taken at all times to prevent the flooding of adjacent property. Drainage ditches, necessary relocation of stream channels, or other positive means of diverting and/or controlling the water shall be employed. No water shall be drained into a pipe or trench under construction. Water shall not be allowed to accumulate in the trenches but shall be drained or pumped away from the work to established drainage channels.

Pipe installation.

The contractor shall install batter-boards or parallel string lines prior to laying the pipe. Batter-boards shall be set at not more than fifty-foot intervals. The pipe shall be set carefully to line and grade using a grade pole. A string line shall be set at least 150 feet (over at least three grade stakes) alongside the trench preceding pipe laying operations to assist the shovel operator and guard against errors in grade stakes.

At the contractor's option an industrial laser specifically made for pipe laying operations may be used to establish line and grade. The contractor shall closely follow all manufacturer's recommendations with regard to maintaining accuracy. (Normally pipes may be installed at a distance of no greater than 300 feet from the laser and fans shall be used to circulate air through the pipe to maintain a constant temperature.) In any case line and grade shall be checked every 100 feet using a transit or preestablished grade.

Earth foundation. Where pipe is installed on native earth the trench bottom shall be bedded as specified under Subsection P. Low areas shall be filled with suitable crushed stone. Where rock in either ledge or boulder formation is encountered, it shall be removed below grade and replaced with suitable sand or crushed stone as shown on the construction details at the rear of this book. Where a firm foundation is not encountered at the grade established due to soft, spongy or other unstable soil (unless other special construction methods are called for on the plans), all such unstable soil, under the pipe and for a width of at least one diameter on each side of the pipe, shall be removed and replaced with suitable crushed stone or other approved suitable material properly compacted to provide adequate support for the pipe line.

Bedding, hand backfilling. Storm drains shall be constructed using crushed stone bedding as shown in the detailed drawings. Additional earth shall be added and tamped alongside the pipe until the top of the pipe is reached. Both the pipe tamp and flat-bottomed tamp shall be used for this operation. When the top of the pipe is reached, an additional nine inches to 12 inches of earth shall be placed over the pipe by hand. The material shall be free of stones or rocks. The hand backfill shall follow closely behind pipe laying to prevent damage to or movement of the pipe by cave-in of the trench walls.

Backfill. Following the hand operation, backfill may be machine placed providing extreme care is used. Backfill shall be made to existing grade and left in a neat and uniform condition. Excess earth shall be windrowed over the trench area. Where the trench passed under a ditch, stream, swale, or drainageway, the backfill shall be left in such a manner as to allow proper drainage as well as to duplicate conditions as they existed prior to construction. The surface must be entirely free of lumps of earth, stones and debris. Adjacent roadways shall be swept clean of all rubbish and flashed with water if necessary. Shoulders of highways which have been cut shall be carefully shaped and consolidated by tamping or rolling.

Cradle. Where called for on the plans or as ordered by the Town Engineer to meet field conditions, pipe shall be installed on cradles. The Town Engineer will determine at the time of construction whether a dry or plastic mix will be used at any particular location depending upon trench conditions. The cradle shall be constructed of 1:2 to 1/2:5 concrete, using commercial type 1 Portland cement and clean, hard aggregate. Cradle material shall be placed to the width shown on the plans, or as ordered by the Town Engineer, and to an elevation 1/4 up the side of the pipe. The pipe shall be laid in a channel formed in the material by means of a round-pointed shovel. High points and low spots shall be corrected and the pipe firmly bedded to line and grade and jointed. Additional cradle material shall then be added and tamped along the haunches of the pipe and subsequently shaped to the top of the pipe as shown on the Detail.[3] A "safety cover" of nine inches to 12 inches of earth shall then be placed and backfill made as required under Subsection Q.

Editor's Note: Said appendix is included at the end of this chapter.

Protection of existing drains. Care shall be taken at all times to avoid entrance of mud and water to existing drains. When connecting to an existing manhole, the connection shall be tightly plugged until completion of the work. At that time, the plug shall be removed and the accumulated water and mud pumped out of the manhole under the supervision of the Town Engineer. The cost of any necessary cleaning or flushing of existing facilities caused by failure to comply with this specification or for other reasons will be borne by the developer.

Protection of new work. At the end of each working day (or any other time of work stoppage), the upstream end of the pipe shall be tightly plugged to prevent entrance of mud, silt, or muddy water.

Construction under adverse conditions. No pipe shall be laid during adverse weather conditions. In no case shall pipe be laid in water. In cases where drains are being installed in wet conditions or below the groundwater table so that installed pipes become submerged overnight, sufficient backfill shall be placed to prevent the pipe becoming buoyant.

Conflicting pipe lines and other utilities. No existing pipe line, conduit, cable, pole, guy wire or other utilities or portion thereof shall be moved without the consent of the agency operating such utility. Any necessary changes in line and grade of the new pipe line shall be made only with the consent of the Town and the Town Engineer.

House laterals.

Lateral connection extending to the street line shall be put in for each lot. These laterals shall be constructed with the same care as street drains. The stormwater laterals shall be six inches diameter and shall be installed on a minimum slope of 1/8 inch per foot. The pipe used for laterals shall have a joint specifically made to fit the bell on the Y branch of the street drain. Laterals shall be firmly bedded in crushed stone bedding. They shall be laid true to line and grade and the bedding material shall be tamped under the pipe and alongside the haunches to provide full bedding and lateral support for the entire length of the pipe. The interior of each pipe shall be cleaned before adding the next length of pipe. Laterals shall be installed at depths not greater than 10 feet.

The connection to the trunk drain shall be made using a Y branch and elbow, encased in concrete and appropriate saddle slant.

Storm laterals shall be installed to property line.