Article VI Improvement Standards

The arrangement of streets shall conform to the circulation plan of the Master Plan or Official Map for the community.

For streets not shown on the Master Plan or Official Map, the arrangement shall provide for the appropriate extension of existing streets.

Streets shall be arranged so as to discourage through traffic and provide for maximum privacy.

Street hierarchy.

Streets shall be classified in a street hierarchy system with design tailored to function.

The street hierarchy system shall be defined by road function and average daily traffic (ADT), calculated by trip generation rates prepared by the Institute of Transportation Engineers as indicated in Exhibit 1. Trip generation rates from other sources may be used if the applicant demonstrates that these sources better reflect local conditions.

Exhibit 1
ITE Trip Generation Rates by Major Land Use Categories

Land Use Type*		Average Weekday Trip Generation Rates
Residential		Trips Per Indicated Measure: Dwelling Unit
Single-family detached		10.0
Condominium/townhouse		6.6
Low-rise apartment		4.0
High-rise apartment		5.2
Mobile home		4.8
Retirement community		3.3
Recreation home (owner)		3.2
Office Building		Trips Per Indicated Measure:
		Employee	1,000 gross square feet of building area
General office, under 100,000 gross square feet		3.7	17.7
General office, 100,000 to 199.999 gross square feet		3.8	14.3
General office, over 200,000 gross square feet		2.9	10.9
Medical office building		NA	54.6
Office park		3.3	20.7
Research center		2.4	5.3
Industrial		Trips Per Indicated Measure:
		Employee	1,000 gross square feet of building area
Light industrial		3.2	5.5
Heavy industrial		2.1	1.5
Industrial park		3.6	7.0
Manufacturing		2.1	3.9
Warehousing		3.9	4.9
Mini warehouse		NA	2.8
Lodging		Trips Per Indicated Measure:
		Employee	Room
Hotel		11.3	10.5
Motel		12.8	10.1
Retail		Trips Per Indicated Measure:
		Employee	1,000 gross square feet of leasable area
Specialty retail		NA	40.7
Discount store		NA	70.1
Shopping center:
	Under 50,000 square feet leasable area	NA	117.9
	50,000 to 99,999 square feet leasable area	NA	82.0
	100,000 to 199,999 square feet leasable area	NA	66.7
	200,000 to 299,999 square feet leasable area	NA	50.6
	300,000 to 399,999 square feet leasable area	NA	41.9
	400,000 to 499,999 square feet leasable area	NA	49.7
	500,000 to 999,999 square feet leasable area	NA	37.2
	1,000,000 to 1,249,999 square feet leasable area	NA	37.1
	Over 1,250,000 square feet leasable area	NA	34.1
Institutional		Trips Per Indicated Measure:
		Employee	Student
Elementary school		13.1	1.0
High school		16.3	1.4
Junior/community college		NA	1.6
University**		NA	2.4
Library**		51.0	41.8 (per 1,000 gross square feet)

NOTES:
*	For definitions, see below.
**	More detailed data needed to develop satisfactory trip generation rates.
NA	Information not available from ITE.

ITE Definitions of Land Uses

CONDOMINIUM/TOWNHOUSE — Single-family-ownership units that have at least one other single-family-owned unit within the same building structure. Both condominiums and townhouses are included in this category.

DISCOUNT STORES — Freestanding stores with off-street parking.

ELEMENTARY SCHOOL — School serving students between kindergarten and high school levels.

GENERAL OFFICE BUILDING — Houses one or more tenants and is the location where the affairs of a business, commercial or industrial organization, professional person, or firm are conducted.

HEAVY INDUSTRIAL — Encompasses the manufacturing of large items.

HIGH-RISE APARTMENT — Apartments in buildings three or more levels high.

HIGH SCHOOL — School serving students between the elementary and junior college or university levels.

HOTEL — A place of lodging, providing sleeping accommodations, restaurants, cocktail lounges, meeting and banquet rooms or convention facilities, and other retail and service shops.

INDUSTRIAL PARK — Areas containing a number of industrial or related facilities. They are characterized by a mix of manufacturing service, and warehouse facilities with a wide variation in the proportion of each type of use from one location to another.

JUNIOR COMMUNITY COLLEGE — Includes all two- and four-year educational institutions that call themselves a junior college, community college, or college.

LIBRARY — Includes those at universities and other public and private facilities.

LIGHT INDUSTRIAL — Usually employs less than 500 persons with an emphasis on other than manufacturing.

LOW-RISE APARTMENT — Apartments in buildings that are only one or two levels (floors).

MANUFACTURING — Places where the primary activity is the conversion of raw materials or parts into finished products.

MEDICAL OFFICE BUILDING — A facility that provides diagnoses and outpatient care on a routine basis but which is unable to provide prolonged inhouse medical/surgical care.

MINI WAREHOUSE — A building in which a storage unit or vault is rented for the storage of goods.

MOBILE HOME — Trailers shipped, sited, and installed on a permanent foundation.

MOTEL — A place of lodging offering only sleeping accommodations and possibly a restaurant.

OFFICE PARK — Subdivisions or planned unit developments containing general office buildings and support services such as banks, savings and loan institutions, restaurants, and service stations arranged in a park- or campus-like atmosphere.

RECREATIONAL HOMES — Homes usually contained in a resort together with local services and complete recreation facilities.

RESEARCH CENTER — Facilities or groups of facilities devoted nearly exclusively to research and development activities.

RETIREMENT COMMUNITY — Residential units similar to apartments or condominiums usually located in self-contained villages.

SINGLE-FAMILY DETACHED — A single-family detached home on an individual lot.

SPECIALTY RETAIL CENTER — Small shopping centers which contain shops specializing in quality apparel or hard goods.

UNIVERSITY — Includes institutions grouped solely on the basis of their being called universities.

WAREHOUSING — Facilities that are all or largely devoted to storage of materials.

Source: Institute of Transportation Engineers, Trip Generation (Washington, D.C., ITE, 1982), third edition. The ITE trip generation date should be used as a general guideline. Trip generation rates from other sources may be used if the applicant demonstrates that these sources better reflect local conditions.

Each residential street shall be classified and designed for its entire length to meet the standards for one of the street types as defined in Exhibit 2, below.

The applicant shall demonstrate to the Planning Board's satisfaction that the distribution of traffic to the proposed street system will not exceed the ADT thresholds indicated in Exhibit 2 for any proposed street type.

Exhibit 2
Residential Street Hierarchy: Definition

Residential Street Type			Function	Guideline Maximum ADT
1)	Residential access street		Lowest order of residential streets. Provides frontage for access to lots, and carries traffic having destination or origin on the street itself. Designed to carry the least amount of traffic at the lowest speed. All or the maximum number of housing units shall front on this class of street. An east-to-west orientation is considered desirable to allow for maximum solar lot configuration.	250 (each loop) 500 (total)
			Residential access streets should be designed so that no section conveys an ADT greater than 250. Each half of a loop street may be classified as a single residential access street, but the total traffic volume generated on the loop street should not exceed 500 ADT, nor should it exceed 250 ADT at any point of traffic concentration.
2)	Residential subcollector		Middle order of residential street. Provides frontage for access to lots, and carries traffic of adjoining residential access streets. Designed to carry somewhat higher traffic volumes with traffic limited to motorists having origin or destination within the immediate neighborhood; is not intended to interconnect adjoining neighborhoods or subdivisions and should not carry regional through traffic	500 (each loop) 1,000 (total)
			Subcollectors shall be designed so that no section conveys an ADT greater than 500. Each half of a loop subcollector may be classified as a single subcollector street, but the total traffic volume conveyed on the loop street should not exceed 1,000 ADT, nor should it exceed 500 ADT at any point of traffic concentration.
3)	Residential collector		Highest order of residential streets. Conducts and distributes traffic between lower-order residential streets and higher-order streets –arterials and expressways. Carries the largest volume of traffic at higher speeds. Function is to promote free traffic flow; therefore, parking should be prohibited and direct access to homes from this level of street should be avoided. Collectors should be designed so that they cannot be used as shortcuts by non-neighborhood traffic.	3,000 (total)
4)	Arterial		A higher-order interregional road in the street hierarchy; conveys traffic between centers; should be excluded from residential areas.	3,000+
5)	Special purpose streets
	a)	Rural residential lane	A street serving a very low-density area (minimum two-acre zoning). The maximum ADT level limits the number of single-family homes on this road to 20.	200
	b)	Alley	A service road that provides secondary means of access to lots. On same level as residential access street, but different standards apply. Used in cases of narrow lot frontages. No parking shall be permitted; should be designed to discourage through traffic. ADT level corresponds to that of residential access street. Number of units served should not exceed 76.	250 (each loop) 500 (total)
	c)	Cul-de-sac	A street with a single means of ingress and egress and having a turnaround. Design of turnaround may vary. Culs-de-sac shall be classified and designed according to anticipated ADT level; a residential access cul-de-sac will have a maximum ADT level of 250, and a subcollector cul-de-sac will have a maximum ADT level of 500. Culs-de-sac may also be classified as alleys depending on function.	250 (residential access) 500 (subcollector)
	d)	Marginal access street	A service street that runs parallel to a higher-order street and provides access to abutting properties and separation from through traffic. May be designed as residential access street or subcollector according to anticipated daily traffic.	500 (residential access total) 1,000 (subcollector total)
	e)	Divided street	Municipalities may require streets to be divided in order to provide alternate emergency access, to protect environmental features, or to avoid grade changes. Design standards should be applied to the combined dimensions of the two street segments as required by the street class.	500 (residential access total) 1,000 (subcollector total) 3,000 (collector total)
	f)	Stub street	A portion of a street which has been approved in its entirety. Permitted as part of phased development; may be required if part of overall adopted Master Plan of the municipality.	500 (residential access total) 1,000 (subcollector total) 3,000 (collector total)
	g)	Parking loop	A private street with perpendicular parking. At higher ADTs (250 or more), used only to provide affordable housing and where no other parking and street design are practicable due to topographic, economic or other considerations. Should be geometrically designed to discourage speeds in excess of 25 mph.	500 (each loop) 1,000 (total)

Cartway width.

Cartway width for each street classification shall be determined by parking and curbing requirements which are based on intensity of development.

Intensity of development shall be based on lot frontage as follows:

	Intensity of Development
		Low	Medium	High
	Lot frontage (in feet)	150+	75 to 149	Less than 75

Cartway width shall also consider possible limitations imposed by sight distances, terrain and maintenance needs. In order to minimize street costs, the minimum width assuring satisfaction of needs shall be selected.

Cartway widths for each street classification are as shown in Exhibit 3.

	Exhibit 3
	Cartway Width

			Travel/ Moving Lane		Parking^a Lane
Street Classification*				Subtotal (feet)		Subtotal (feet)	Total Cartway Width (feet)
Residential Access Street
Intensity of development
	Low		Two 10-foot lanes	20	None	0	20
	Medium		Two 10-foot lanes	20	One 8-foot lane	8	28
	High
		On-street parking	Two 10-foot lanes	20	One 8-foot lane	8	28^b
		Off-street parking	Two 10-foot lanes	20	None	0	20
Residential Subcollector
Intensity of development
	Low		Two 10-foot lanes	20	None	0	20
	Medium		Two 10-foot lanes	20	One 8-foot lane	8	28
	High
		One-side parking	Two 10-foot lanes	20	One 8-foot lane	8	28
		Two-side parking	Two 10-foot lanes	20	Two 8-foot lanes	16	36
		Off-street parking	Two 11-foot lanes	22	None	0	22
Residential Collector
Intensity of development
	Low		Two 12-foot lanes	24	None	0	24
	Medium and high		Two 12-foot lanes	24	None	0	24
Special Purpose Streets
Rural residential lane			Two 9-foot lanes	18	None	0	18
Alley			Two 9-foot lanes	18	None	0	18
Cul-de-sac (stem)^c
Marginal access street^d
Divided street^e
Stub street^f
Parking loop^g			Two 12-foot lanes	24	Two 18-foot lanes	36	60

NOTES:
*	See Exhibit 2 for definition of street hierarchy and Article VI, § 505-20C(2), for definition of low, medium and high intensity of development.
^a	Refers to parallel parking.
^b	The 28-foot cartway also would accommodate two 8-foot parking lanes and one 12-foot moving lane.
^c	Cartway widths of culs-de-sac should conform to standards of either residential access or subcollector streets as dictated by anticipated average daily traffic. Cul-de-sac turnarounds shall have a minimum cartway radius of 40 feet.
^d	Cartway widths of marginal access streets should conform to standards of either residential access or subcollector streets as dictated by anticipated daily traffic. If the classification is a subcollector requiring a 36-foot cartway, cartway width may be reduced to 28 feet since frontage is restricted to one side of street.
^e	Cartway widths of divided streets should conform to standards of street classification as dictated by anticipated average daily traffic and be applied to aggregate dimensions of the two street segments.
^f	Cartway widths of stub streets should conform to the standards of the street classification as dictated by anticipated daily traffic.
^g	Although a cartway width for parking loops is indicated, right-of-way components and dimensions are not shown in Exhibit 4, because parking loops are nondedicated private streets.

Curbs and cutters.

Curbing shall generally be required for drainage purposes, safety, and delineation and protection of pavement edge.

Flexibility regarding curb type shall be permitted as long as the curb type accommodates the system of drainage proposed. Asphalt curbs, however, are not permitted.

Curbs shall be constructed according to the specifications set forth in Appendix A.[1]

Editor's Note: Appendix A is attached to this chapter.

Curbing shall be designed to provide a ramp for bicycles and/or wheelchairs as required.

Sidewalks.

Sidewalks shall be required.

In conventional developments, sidewalks shall be placed in the right-of-way, parallel to the street within the right-of-way as shown in Exhibit 5, below.

Sidewalk width shall be four feet; wider widths may be necessary near pedestrian generators and employment centers. Where sidewalks abut the curb and cars overhang the sidewalk, widths shall be five feet.

Sidewalks shall be constructed according to the specifications set forth in Appendix A.[2]

[2]

Editor's Note: Appendix A is attached to this chapter.

Utility and shade tree areas.

Utilities and shade trees shall generally be located within the right-of-way on both sides of and parallel to the street as shown in Exhibit 5.

Utility and shade tree areas shall be planted with grass, ground cover, or treated with other suitable cover material.

Right-of-way.

The right-of-way shall be measured from lot to lot line and shall be sufficiently wide to contain the cartway, the curbs, sidewalks, utilities and shade trees. Right-of-way requirements are shown in Exhibit 4 and displayed graphically in the street profiles in Exhibit 5.

The right-of-way width of a new street that is a continuation of an existing street shall in no case be continued at a width less than the existing street.

The right-of-way shall reflect future development as indicated by the Master Plan.

Exhibit 4
Right-of-Way Requirements and Dimensions

Street Category^a		Cartway Width (feet)	Curb or Shoulder	Sidewalk or Graded Area	Total Right-of-Way Width (feet)
Residential Access
Low intensity		20	Not Req.	Graded area (1 each side)^f	40
Medium intensity		28	Curb	Graded area (1 each side)^f	40
High intensity
	On-street parking	28	Curb	Sidewalk (1 side) Graded area (1 side)	50
	Off-street parking	20	Not Req.	Sidewalk (1 side) Graded area (1 side)	40
Residential Subcollector
Low intensity		20	Not Req.	Graded area (1 each side)^f	40
Medium intensity		28	Curb	Sidewalk (1 side) Graded area (1 side)	50
High intensity
	One-side parking	28	Curb	Sidewalk (1 each side)	50
	Two-side parking	36	Curb	Sidewalk (1 each side)	60
	Off-street parking	22	Curb or shoulder	Sidewalk (1 each side)	40 (with curb)
					50 (with shoulder)
Residential Collector
Low intensity		24	Not Req.	Graded area (1 each side)^f	40
Medium intensity		24	Curb or shoulder	Sidewalk (1 each side)	50
High intensity		24	Curb or shoulder	Sidewalk (1 each side)	50
Special Purpose
Rural residential lane		18	Not Req.	Graded area (1 each side)^f	40
Alley		18	Not Req.	Graded area (1 each side)	22
Cul-de-sac^b
Marginal access^c
Divided street^d
Stub street^e

Not Req. = Not required (curb or shoulder).

NOTES:
^a	See Exhibit 2 for definition of street hierarchy and Article VI, § 505-20C(2), for definition of low, medium, and high intensity of development.
^b	Cartway and right-of-way widths of cul-de-sac stems and right-of-way requirements should conform to standards of either residential access or subcollector streets as dictated by anticipated average daily traffic. Cul-de-sac turnarounds shall have a minimum cartway radius of 40 feet and a minimum right-of-way radius of 48 feet.
^c	Cartway and right-of-way widths of marginal access streets and right-of-way requirements should conform to the standards of either residential access of subcollector streets as dictated by anticipated daily traffic. If the classification is a subcollector requiring a 36-foot cartway, cartway width may be reduced to 28 feet since frontage is restricted to one side of the street.
^d	Cartway and right-of-way widths of divided streets and right-of-way requirements should conform to the standards of street classification as dictated by anticipated average daily traffic and be applied to aggregate dimensions of the two street segments.
^e	Cartway and right-of-way widths of stems and right-of-way requirements should conform to the standards of street classification as dictated by anticipated daily traffic.
^f	A separate graded area is not required where shade tree and utility strips are provided (see Exhibit 5).

Exhibit 5
Right-of-Way (R.O.W.) Profiles

NOTE: The individual components shown in the non-travel-way portion of the right-of-way — utility and shade tree areas, sidewalks and graded areas — are indicated for illustrative purposes only. Municipalities may vary the placement and dimensions of these individual items depending on utility company requirements and local practice and preferences. For instance, the shade trees may be planted next to the cartway to provide a canopy effect or the shade trees may be planted outside the right-of-way. These variations may be accommodated within the total right-of-way widths indicated for each street type.

RESIDENTIAL ACCESS STREETS

Low Intensity


Medium Intensity


High Intensity with On-Street Parking


High Intensity with Off-Street Parking

*	R.O.W. figures are rounded from the sum of the right-of-way components into a limited number of dimensions in order to reduce multiple street right-of-way requirements.

RESIDENTIAL SUBCOLLECTORS

Low Intensity


Medium Intensity


High Intensity One-Side Parking


High Intensity Two-Side Parking


High Intensity Off-Street Parking — With Curb


High Intensity Off-Street Parking — With Shoulder

*	R.O.W. figures are rounded from the sum of the right-of-way components into a limited number of dimensions in order to reduce multiple street right-of-way requirements.

RESIDENTIAL COLLECTORS

Low Intensity


Medium and High Intensity With Curb


Medium and High Intensity With Shoulder

*	R.O.W. figures are rounded from the sum of the right-of-way components into a limited number of dimensions in order to reduce multiple street right-of-way requirements.

Street grade and intersections. Street grade and intersection design shall be constructed according to the specifications set forth in Appendix A.[3]

[3]

Editor's Note: Appendix A is attached to this chapter.

Pavement.

Street pavement thickness shall vary by street hierarchy, subgrade properties, and pavement type.

Pavement design for residential access streets, subcollectors and collectors shall conform to the specifications shown in Appendix A.[4]

[4]

Editor's Note: Appendix A is attached to this chapter.

Lighting.

Lighting shall be provided in accordance with a plan designed by the utility company or using as a guideline the standards set forth by IES Lighting Handbook shown in Appendix A, Exhibit A-8.[5]

[5]

Editor's Note: Appendix A is attached to this chapter.

Lighting for safety shall be provided at intersections, along walkways, at entryways, between buildings, and in parking areas.

Spacing of standards shall be equal to approximately four times the height of the standard,

The maximum height of standards shall not exceed the maximum building height permitted or 25 feet, whichever is less.

The height and shielding of lighting standards shall provide proper lighting without hazard to drivers or nuisance to residents, and the design of lighting standards shall be of a type appropriate to the development and the municipality.

(6)

Spotlights, if used, shall be placed on standards pointing toward the buildings and positioned so as not to blind the residents, rather than on the buildings and directed outwards, which creates dark shadows adjacent to the buildings.

Underground wiring.

All electric, telephone, television and other communication facilities, both main and service lines servicing new developments, shall be provided by underground wiring within easements or dedicated public rights-of-way, installed in accordance with the prevailing standards and practices of the utility or other companies providing such services.

Lots which abut existing easements or public rights-of-way where overhead electric or telephone distribution supply lines and service connections have heretofore been installed may be supplied with electric and telephone service from those overhead lines, but the service connections from the utilities' overhead lines shall be installed underground. In the case of existing overhead utilities, should a road widening or an extension of service or other such condition occur as a result of the subdivision and necessitate the replacement or relocation of such utilities, such replacement or relocation shall be underground.

Where overhead lines are permitted as the exception, the placement and alignment of poles shall be designed to lessen the visual impact of overhead lines.

Year-round screening of any utility apparatus appearing above the surface of the ground, other than utility poles, shall be required.

Signs.

Design and placement of traffic signs shall follow the requirements specified in the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control for Streets and Highways, published by the United States Department of Transportation and adopted by the New Jersey Department of Transportation.

At least two street name signs shall be placed at each four-way street intersection and one at each "T" intersection. Signs shall be installed under light standards and free of visual obstruction. The design of street name signs should be consistent, of a style appropriate to the community, of a uniform size and color, and erected in accordance with local standards.

§ 505-21 Off-street parking.

Number of spaces.

An adequate number of off-street parking spaces shall be required in all developments to accommodate residents and visitors.

For residential developments, off-street parking shall be provided as set forth in Exhibit 6.

	Exhibit 6
	Off-Street Parking Requirements for Residential Land Uses^a

	Housing Unit Type/Size^b	Off-Street Parking Requirements
	Single-family detached
	2 bedroom	1.5
	3 bedroom	2.0
	4 bedroom	2.5
	5 bedroom	3.0
	Garden apartment
	1 bedroom	1.8
	2 bedroom	2.0
	3 bedroom	2.1
	Townhouse
	1 bedroom	1.8
	2 bedroom	2.3
	3 bedroom	2.4
	High-rise
	Studio	.8
	1 bedroom	1.3
	2 bedroom	1.9
	Mobile home
	1 bedroom	1.8
	2 bedroom	2.0

	NOTES:
	^a	When determination of the number of parking spaces required by this exhibit results in a requirement of a fractional space, any fraction of 1/2 or less may be disregarded, while a fraction in excess of 1/2 shall be counted as one parking space.
	^b	Requirements for attached units include provision for guest parking.

Source: See background section to the model ordinance.

For nonresidential developments, the parking standards shown in Exhibit 7 shall be used as a guideline.

	Exhibit 7
	Guidelines for Off-Street Parking Requirements for Nonresidential Land Uses

Nonresidential Land Uses		Required Off-Street Parking Spaces per Indicated Area
Assembly operations		1 per 800 square feet GFA
Bar		1 per 2 seats
Bowling alley		4 per alley
Car wash		10 per washing lane
Church/Synagogue		1 per 3 seats
Fiduciary institutions		1 per 300 square feet GFA
Finishing operations		1 per 800 square feet GFA
Hotel		7 per guest room plus 10 per 1,000 square feet GFA
Industrial		1 per 800 square feet GFA
Library		1 per 300 square feet GFA
Manufacturing		1 per 800 square feet GFA
Medical center		1 per 800 square feet GFA
Neighborhood convenience center under 400,000 square feet GLA		4 per 1,000 square feet GLA
Nightclub		1 per 3 seats
Offices
	Under 49,999 square feet GFA	4.5 per 1,000 square feet GFA
	50,000 to 99,999 square feet GFA	4 per 1,000 square feet GFA
	100,000 + square feet GFA	3.5 per 1,000 square feet GFA
Receiving		1 per 5,000 square feet GFA
Research		1 per 1,000 square feet GFA
Restaurant		1 per 3 seats
	Quick-food establishments	1 per 30 square feet GFA
Retail store		1 per 200 square feet GFA
Schools
	Elementary	2 per classroom, but not less than 1 per teacher and staff
	Intermediate	1.5 per classroom, but not less than 1 per teacher and staff
	Secondary	2.5 per classroom, but not less than 1 per teacher and staff
Service station		4 per bay and work area
Shipping		1 per 5,000 square feet GFA
Shopping center
	Under 400,000 square feet GLA	4 per 1,000 square feet GLA
	400,000 to 599,999 square feet GLA	4.5 per 1,000 square feet GLA
	600,000 + square feet GLA	5 per 1,000 square feet GLA
Storage areas		1 per 5,000 square feet GLA
Theater		1 per 3 seats
	In shopping center	1 per 4 seats
Warehouse		1 per 5,000 square feet GFA

	GFA	=	Gross floor area
	GLA	=	Gross leasable area

Source: See background section to the model ordinance.

A one-car garage and driveway combination shall count as two off-street parking spaces, provided the driveway measures a minimum of 25 feet in length between the face of the garage door and the sidewalk or 30 feet to the curbline. A two-car garage and driveway combination shall count as four off-street parking spaces, provided the minimum width of the driveway is 20 feet and its minimum length is as specified above for a one-car garage.

Where the total number of off-street parking spaces required may not be immediately required for a particular use, a staged development plan may be permitted which requires that only a portion of the parking area, but not less than 65% of the required spaces, be completed initially, subject to the following regulations:

(a)

The site plan shall clearly indicate both that portion of the parking area to be initially paved and the total parking needed to provide the number of spaces required.

(b)

The site plan shall provide for adequate drainage of both the partial and total parking areas.

(c)

The portion of the parking area not to be paved initially shall be landscaped in accordance with Article V.

(d)

The applicant shall post separate performance guarantees, in addition to the performance guarantees required under Article VI, which shall reflect the cost of installing the additional parking facilities necessary to provide the total number of parking spaces required.

(e)

In lieu of a permanent certificate of occupancy, a temporary certificate of occupancy shall be issued for a period of two years. Prior to the expiration of the two-year period, the applicant may either install the additional parking shown on the site plan and apply for issuance of a permanent certificate of occupancy or apply to the Planning Board after the use has been in operation a minimum of 18 months for a determination as to whether or not the initial parking area provided is adequate. If the Planning Board determines that the parking facility is adequate as originally constructed, the performance guarantees shall be released and a permanent certificate of occupancy issued. If however the Planning Board determines that the partial off-street parking area is not adequate, the applicant shall be required to install the additional parking facilities in accordance with the terms of the performance guarantees prior to issuance of a permanent certificate of occupancy.

(f)

Any change of use on a site for which the Planning Board may have approved a partial paving of off-street parking areas to a use which requires more parking spaces than are provided on the site shall require submission of a new site plan.

Size of spaces. Each off-street parking space shall measure nine feet in width by 18 feet in length. Parking spaces for the physically handicapped shall be 12 feet wide.

Parking areas.

Off-street parking areas shall be oriented to and within a reasonable walking distance of the buildings they are designed to serve (a maximum of 1,000 feet for employee parking; 500 to 800 feet for shoppers; 250 feet for nonelderly residents; 150 feet for elderly residents; and 300 feet for guests).

Access to parking lots shall be designed so as not to obstruct free flow of traffic. There shall be adequate provision for ingress to and egress from all parking spaces to ensure ease of mobility, ample clearance, and safety of vehicles and pedestrians.

The width of all aisles providing direct access to individual parking stalls shall be in accordance with the requirements specified below. Only one-way traffic shall be permitted in aisles serving single-row parking spaces placed at an angle other than 90°.

	Parking Angle (degrees)	Aisle Width (feet)
	30º	12
	45º	13
	60º	18
	90º	24

Where sidewalks occur in parking areas, parked vehicles shall not overhang or extend over the sidewalk unless an additional two feet is provided in order to accommodate such overhang.

Parking areas shall be suitably landscaped to minimize noise, glare and other nuisance characteristics as well as to enhance the environment and ecology of the site and surrounding area. Large parking lots shall be broken down into sections according to type and size of development, separated from other sections by landscaped dividing strips, berms and similar elements.

§ 505-22 Water supply.

Water supply system.

All installations shall be properly connected with an approved and functioning public community water system prior to the issuance of a certificate of occupancy.

Subdivisions shall be connected to an existing public water supply system within the following distances: 200 feet for one-unit, 400 feet for two-unit, 600 feet for three-unit, 800 feet for four-unit, and 1,000 feet for five-unit to fifteen-unit developments.

All proposals for new public community water supplies or extensions to existing public community water supply systems exceeding $150,000 in construction costs must receive a permit from the Bureau of Safe Drinking Water in the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection prior to the construction and use of the water supply facilities.

Capacity.

The water supply system shall be adequate to handle the necessary flow based on complete development.

The demand rates for all uses shall be considered in computing the total system demand. Where fire protection is provided, the system should be capable of providing the required fire demand plus the required domestic demand.

Average daily residential consumption can be computed in accordance with the housing unit type and size data as shown in Exhibit 8.

Exhibit 8
Water and Sewer Demand/Generation by Type/Size of Housing Unit*

Housing Type/Size	Number of Residents	Residential Water Demand^a (daily)	Sewer Flow^b (daily)	Peak Sewer Flow^c (daily)
Single-Family Detached
2 bedroom	2.13	215	140	560
3 bedroom	3.21	320	210	840
4 bedroom	3.93	395	255	1,020
5 bedroom	4.73	475	310	1,240
Garden Apartment
1 bedroom	1.57	120	100	400
2 bedroom	2.33	175	150	600
3 bedroom	3.56	270	230	920
Townhouse
1 bedroom	1.69	125	110	440
2 bedroom	2.02	150	130	520
3 bedroom	2.83	210	185	740
4 bedroom	3.67	275	240	960
High-Rise
Studio	1.07	80	70	280
1 bedroom	1.34	100	90	360
2 bedroom	2.14	160	140	560
Mobile Home
1 bedroom	1.73	130	115	460
2 bedroom	2.01	150	130	520
3 bedroom	3.47	260	225	900

NOTES:
^a	Based on 100 gallons per day (gpd) per person for single-family detached units and 75 gpd for other housing types (rounded).
^b	Based on 65 gpd per person (rounded). Note: These figures do not include allowance for infiltration/inflow. Determination of infiltration/inflow should be made and added to the sewer flow figures shown in this exhibit.
^c	Based on four times daily sewer flow (rounded).

*	Note: The New Jersey Statewide Water Quality Management Plan applies different demographic figures for type/size of housing units (for sewer flow) as shown in Exhibit 8A. The NJDEP also applies a one-hundred-gallons-per-day per-person value for all units (water consumption), not just single-family detached housing. These differences from the model ordinance should be noted as they affect the residential water demand and sewer flow figures.
	Source: U.S. Census, Public Use File-New Jersey (units built 1975-1980 and monitored by 1980 Census).

Note: The New Jersey Statewide Water Quality Management Plan applies different demographic figures for type/size of housing units (for sewer flow) as shown in Exhibit 8A. The NJDEP also applies a one-hundred-gallons-per-day per-person value for all units (water consumption), not just single-family detached housing. These differences from the model ordinance should be noted as they affect the residential water demand and sewer flow figures.

Source: U.S. Census, Public Use File-New Jersey (units built 1975-1980 and monitored by 1980 Census).

Exhibit 8A
Population Density per Housing Unit Profile Applied by the New Jersey Statewide Water Quality Plan

Housing Type	Number of Bedrooms
	1	2	3	4
Single-family residence	NA	2.6	3.4	4.6
Garden apartment	1.4	2.1	3.4	NA
Townhouse	1.4	2.3	3.4	NA
High-rise	1.5	2.1	3.4	NA
Mobile home	1.4	2.3	3.4	NA
Duplex, triplex	1.6	2.6	4.0	NA
Fourplex

NA = Information not available

Nonresidential flows can be computed in accordance with the data shown in Exhibit 9.

Exhibit 9
Nonresidential Water Demand

Nonresidential Uses (Selected)	Expected Water Consumption
Commercial-Institutional^a	Parameter	Mean Annual (million gallons)	Peak Hour
Office building	Square foot	0.093	0.521
Medical office	Square foot	0.618	4.970
Retail	Square foot	0.106	0.271
Hotel	Square foot	0.256	0.433
Motel	Square foot	0.224	1.550
Restaurant	Seat	24,200	167.000
Drive-in restaurant	Car stall	100.000	547.000
School, elementary	Student	3.830	37.400
School, high	Student	8.020	79.900
Service station	Inside square foot	0.251	4.890
Theater	Seat	3.530	3.330

Nonresidential Uses (Selected)	Expected Water Consumption
Industrial^b	Parameter	Gallons Per Day Per Employee	Peak Hour
Bakery	Employee	220	NA
Textile finishing	Employee	810	NA
Home furniture	Employee	122	NA
Basic chemicals	Employee	2.744	NA
Drugs	Employee	457	NA
Agriculture chemicals	Employee	449	NA
Petroleum refining	Employee	3,141	NA
Plastic products	Employee	527	NA
Cement	Employee	353	NA
Engines	Employee	197	NA
Metal work	Employee	196	NA
Electronic components	Employee	203	NA
Motor vehicles	Employee	318	NA
Scientific instruments	Employee	181	NA
Medical instruments	Employee	506	NA

NOTES:
NA = Information not available
^a	Source: Michael Greenberg et al., A Primer on Industrial Environmental Impact (New Brunswick, NJ; Center for Urban Policy Research, 1979).
^b	Source: Hittman Associates, Inc., Forecasting Municipal Water Requirements (Columbia, MD; 1969).

Fire protection shall be furnished for any development connected to the municipal water supply system.

(6)

Minimum fire flows shall be based on recommendations by the American Insurance Association and the National Board of Fire Underwriters, as indicated in Exhibit 10.

Exhibit 10
Fire Flows

Population	Flow (gallons per minute)	Duration of Flow (hours)
Under 100	500	4
1,000	1,000	4
1,500	1,250	5
2,000	1,500	6
3,000	1,750	7
4,000	2,000	8
5,000	2,250	9
6,000	2,500	10
10,000	3,000	10

(7)

The water system shall be designed to carry peak-hour flows and be capable of delivering the peak hourly demands indicated in Exhibit 11.

Exhibit 11
Design Standards for Peak Hour Flow

Total Houses Served	Peak Hourly Rates (gallons per minute per house)
5	8.0
10	5.0
50	3.0
100	2.0
250	1.3
500	0.8
750	0.7
1,000 or more	0.6

(8)

For developments of one- and two-family dwellings, not exceeding two stories in height, the short method indicated in Exhibit 12 may be used.

Exhibit 12
Short Method for Calculating Fire Flows

Distance Between Buildings^a (feet)	Required Fire Flow (gallons per minute)
Over 100	500
31 to 100	750 to 1,000
11 to 30	1,000 to 1,500
10 or less	1,500 to 2,000

NOTE:
^a	For contiguous buildings (attached dwelling units of two or more two-family units and/or multifamily units), a minimum of 2,500 gallons per minute may be used.

System design and placement. System design and placement shall comply with the construction specifications set forth in Appendix A.[1]

Editor's Note: Appendix A is attached to this chapter.

Fire hydrants.

Hydrants shall be spaced to provide necessary fire flow, and the average area per hydrant typically should not exceed 120,000 square feet. In addition, hydrants shall be spaced so that each residence shall be within 600 feet of a hydrant.

A hydrant shall be located at all low points and at all high points with adequate means of drainage provided.

Hydrants shall be located at the ends of lines, and valves of full line size shall be provided after hydrant tees at the ends of all dead lines and lines which may be extended in the future.

Size, type and installation of hydrants shall conform to the specifications as set forth in Appendix A.[2]

[2]

Editor's Note: Appendix A is attached to this chapter.

§ 505-23 Sanitary sewer system.

Sanitary sewer system.

All installations shall be properly connected with an approved and functioning sanitary sewer system prior to the issuance of a certificate of occupancy.

Subdivisions shall be connected to an existing public sanitary sewer system within the following distances: 200 feet for one-unit, 400 feet for two-unit, 600 feet for three-unit, 800 feet for four-unit and 1,000 feet for five-unit to fifteen-unit developments.

System planning, design, and placement.

The planning, design, construction, installation, modification, and operation of any treatment works shall be in accordance with the applicable NJDEP regulations implementing the New Jersey Water Pollution Control Act (N.J.S.A. 58:10A-1 et seq.).

All sanitary sewers, including outfalls, shall be designed to carry at least twice the estimated average design flow when flowing half full. In the case of large interceptor sewer systems, consideration may be given to modified designs.

Average daily residential sewer flow shall be calculated as shown in Exhibit 8.

System design and placement shall comply with the specifications set forth in Appendix A.[1]

Editor's Note: Appendix A is attached to this chapter.

§ 505-24 Stormwater management. [1]

Purpose.

It is hereby determined that the waterways within the Borough of Lodi are at times subjected to flooding; that such flooding is a danger to the lives and property of the public; that such flooding is also a danger to the natural resources of the Borough of Lodi, the county and the state; that development tends to accentuate such flooding by increasing stormwater runoff due to alteration of the hydrologic response of the watershed in changing from the undeveloped to the developed condition; that such increased flooding produced by the development of real property contributes increased quantities of waterborne pollutants and tends to increase channel erosion; that such increased flooding, increased erosion, and increased pollution constitutes deterioration of the water resources of the Borough of Lodi, the county and the state; and that such increased flooding, increased erosion and increased pollution can be controlled to some extent by the regulation of stormwater runoff from such development. It is therefore determined that it is in the public interest to regulate the development of real property and to establish standards to regulate the additional discharge of stormwater runoff from such developments as provided in this chapter.

The stormwater management plans submitted shall demonstrate careful consideration of the general and specific concerns, values and standards of the municipal Master Plan and applicable county, regional and state storm drainage control programs, any county mosquito commission control standards, and shall be based on environmentally sound site planning, engineering and architectural techniques.

Development shall use the best available technology to minimize off-site stormwater runoff, increase on-site infiltration, simulate natural drainage systems, and surface water and encourage natural filtration functions. Best available technology may include measures such as retention basins, recharge trenches, porous paving and piping, contour terraces and swales.

System strategy and design.

Stormwater management system strategy and design shall comply with the specifications set forth in Appendix A.[2]

[2]

Editor's Note: Appendix A is attached to this chapter.

Editor's Note: See also Ch. 490, Stormwater Control.

§ 505-25 Improvement guarantees.

Purpose. Improvement guarantees shall be provided to ensure the municipality of the proper installation and maintenance of on-site and on-tract improvements. The nature and duration of the guarantee shall be structured to achieve this goal without adding unnecessary costs to the developer.[1]

Editor's Note: Amended at time of adoption of Code (see Ch. 1, General Provisions, Art. I).

Application.

Before the recording of final subdivision plats or as a condition of final site plan approval, the approving authority may require and shall accept in accordance with the standards adopted by ordinance the following guarantees for the purpose of assuring the installation and maintenance of on-site and on-tract improvements:

(a)

The furnishing of a performance guarantee in favor of the municipality in an amount not to exceed 120% of the cost of installation for improvements it may deem necessary or appropriate; and

(b)

Provision for a maintenance guarantee to be posted with the governing body for a period not to exceed two years after final acceptance of the improvement, in an amount not to exceed 15% of the cost of the improvement. In the event that other governmental agencies or public utilities automatically will own the utilities to be installed or the improvements are covered by a performance or maintenance guarantee to another governmental agency, no performance or maintenance guarantee, as the case may be, shall be required by the municipality for such utilities or improvements.

The time allowed for installation of the improvements for which the performance guarantee has been provided may be extended by the governing body by resolution. As a condition or as part of any such extension, the amount of any performance guarantee shall be increased or reduced, as the case may be, to an amount not to exceed 120% of the cost of the installation as determined as of the time of the passage of the resolution.

If the required improvements are not completed or corrected in accordance with the performance guarantee, the obligor and surety, if any, shall be liable thereon to the municipality for the reasonable cost of the improvements not completed or corrected and the municipality may either prior to or after the receipt of the proceeds thereof complete such improvements.

Upon substantial completion of all required appurtenant utility improvements, and the connection of same to the public system, the obligor may notify the governing body in writing, by certified mail addressed in care of the Municipal Clerk, of the completion or substantial completion of improvements and shall send a copy thereof to the Municipal Engineer. Thereupon the Municipal Engineer shall inspect all improvements of which such notice has been given and shall file a detailed report, in writing, with the governing body indicating either approval, partial approval or rejection of such improvements with a statement of reasons for any rejection. The cost of the improvements as approved or rejected shall be set forth.

The governing body shall either approve, partially approve or reject the improvements on the basis of the report of the Municipal Engineer and shall notify the obligor in writing, by certified mail, of the contents of said report and the action of said approving authority with relation thereto not later than 65 days after receipt of the notice from the obligor of the completion of the improvements. Where partial approval is granted, the obligor shall be released from all liability pursuant to its performance guarantee, except for that portion adequately sufficient to secure provision of the improvements not yet approved, provided that 30% of the amount of the performance guarantee posted may be retained to ensure completion of all improvements. Failure of the governing body to send or provide such notification to the obligor within 65 days shall be deemed to constitute approval of the improvements, and the obligor and surety, if any, shall be released from all liability pursuant to such performance guarantee for such improvements.

Performance and maintenance guarantee mechanisms. Performance and maintenance guarantees shall be provided by a variety of means, including, but not limited to, those described below:

Security bond. The applicant shall obtain a security bond from a surety bonding company authorized to do business in the state in a form that is acceptable to the Municipal Attorney. The amount and duration of the bond shall be as described in Article VI, § 505-25B, of this chapter.

Letter of credit. The applicant shall provide an irrevocable letter of credit from a bank or other reputable institution in a form that is acceptable to the Municipal Attorney. The amount and duration of the letter of credit shall be as previously described. The letter of credit may not be withdrawn or reduced in amount until released by the municipality.

Escrow account. The applicant shall deposit cash, or other instruments readily convertible into cash at face value, in accordance with N.J.S.A. 40:55D-53, either with the municipality or in escrow with a bank in a form that is acceptable to the Municipal Attorney. The amount of the deposit and the duration of its use as a performance and/or maintenance guarantee shall be as previously described. In the case of an escrow account, the applicant shall file with the approving authority an agreement guaranteeing the following:

(a)

The escrow funds shall be held by the appropriate municipal official in an interest-bearing escrow account. The funds shall not be released to the developer, in whole or in part, until directed by the governing body under N.J.S.A. 40:55D-53e. The escrow funds may not be pledged as collateral or security. The interest shall be released in proportion to the released principal. The developer's social security number or federal tax number shall be placed on the escrow account.

(b)

In the event the governing body determines that the applicant has defaulted in installing the improvements, it shall simultaneously transmit written notice of said determination to the applicant and the appropriate municipal official holding said escrow account. After receipt of said notice, the appropriate municipal official shall release said funds to the municipality for the use in completion of the improvements.