[Ord. 691, 9/10/2009]
1.
Purpose. Warminster Township is in the Southeastern Pennsylvania
protected area as designated by the Delaware River Basin Commission.
The purpose of these rules and regulations is to establish minimum
standards for quality, quantity, location, construction, alteration
or abandonment of water wells and water well installation; also, to
require a permit for the construction of a water supply, including
production wells, test wells, test borings and monitoring wells, the
installation of pumping equipment and other appurtenances, and the
drilling of boreholes used for the installation of ground source heat
pump equipment; also, to license all well contractors and pump installation
contractors. After the effective date of adoption of these rules and
regulations, no well (either individual, semipublic, public or geothermal
borehole) shall be constructed, repaired or modified or any pump be
installed, for new construction contrary to the provisions of these
regulations. The code set forth herein replaces Warminster Township
Ordinance 32 of 1955.
2.
Scope. Except where clearly noted in the text, the provisions of this Part 3 shall apply to all wells serving individual, semipublic water supply systems and boreholes drilled for the installation of closed-loop ground source heat pump equipment. Nothing in this Part 3 is construed to exempt a public water system in Warminster Township from the requirements of the Pennsylvania Safe Drinking Water Act (35 P.S. § 721.1 et seq.). NOTE: All locations, construction, alterations, abandonment and permitting of individual private well water supplies will be governed by ordinances of the County of Bucks, Pennsylvania, and administered by rules and regulations set forth from time to time by the Bucks County Board of Health.
[Ord. 691, 9/10/2009]
The following words and terms when used in this Part 3 shall
have the following meaning unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
Any well where the drilling process has been completed in
excess of 180 days and the well has not been approved for use as a
supply by the Department; or wells that have not been used as a supply
on a continuous basis for a period of one year; or wells which are
in such a state of disrepair that continued use for the purpose of
obtaining groundwater is impracticable (such impracticability shall
be determined by the Department); or any well which has been replaced
by a new well or a public water supply. Test wells and monitoring
wells shall be considered abandoned wells when their use on a regular
or prescribed basis has been discontinued.
The process of properly filling and sealing a well in accordance
with these regulations.
Any water supply used specifically for irrigation of crops,
irrigation of recreational or institutional grasslands, the watering
of farm animals or other livestock, where the use of such water supply
shall not be intended for human consumption.
Any action which necessitates entering a well with drilling
tools; treating a well to increase yield; altering the physical structure
or depth of the well; blasting; removal or replacement of well casing
or modifications concerning grouting or curbing.
The space between two cylindrical objects, one of which surrounds
the other, such as the space between a drill hole and a casing pipe
and a liner pipe.
American National Standards Institute.
American Petroleum Institute.
Written approval to use the well obtained from the Department in accordance with § 26-310, Permit procedure, within 90 days of the completion of the well drilling process or, if new construction, within 90 days of the completion of the well drilling process.
[Amended by Ord. 737, 1/19/2017]
A geological formation that contains and transmits water.
American Society for Testing Materials.
Warminster Municipal Authority
American Water Works Association.
The process of sealing a borehole for the purpose of abandoning
a well or enclosing the close-loop of a ground source heat pump system.
The flowing back of used, contaminated or polluted water
from a plumbing fixture or vessel or other sources into a potable
water supply pipe due to negative pressure in such pipe.
An impervious durable pipe placed in a well to prevent the
walls from caving in and to seal off surface drainage or undesirable
water, gas or other fluids and prevent them from entering the well.
A boring drilled to facilitate the installation of a pipe
loop or tubing for a ground source heat pump system, whether circulating
water, heat transfer fluid or refrigerant using direct exchange.
Any of several bacilli, especially Escherichia coli (E. coli)
and members of the genus Aerobacter, commonly found in the large intestine
of humans and certain other animals.
A water system which serves at least 15 service connections
used by year-round residents or regularly serves at least 25 year-round
residents.
All acts necessary to obtain groundwater, artificially recharge
groundwater or acts necessary to install geothermal appurtenances.
Provided, however, such term does not include an exaction made for
the purpose of obtaining or for prospecting for oil, natural gas,
minerals or products of mining or quarrying, or for inserting media
to repressure oil, or natural gas formations or for storing petroleum,
natural gas or other products and services. Construction of wells
includes the location and excavation or drilling of the well, installation
of geothermal appurtenances, but excludes the installation of pumps
and pumping equipment.
County of Bucks, Pennsylvania, or the Bucks County Board
of Health.
An arrangement allowing either a direct or indirect connection
through which backflow, including back siphonage, can occur between
the drinking water in an individual water supply well or a public
water system and a system containing a source or potential source
of contamination, or allowing treated water to be removed from any
public water system, and returned to the public water system. The
term does not include connections to devices totally within the control
of one or more public water systems and connections between water
mains.
Any well that is no longer equipped in such a manner as to
be able to draw groundwater. This shall include wells where the pump,
piping and/or electrical components have been disconnected or removed.
A well that yields water by artesian pressure at the ground
surface.
A well installed for the purpose of heating or cooling a
facility. These shall include wells drilled as supply and/or return
wells for open-loop systems or closed-loop geothermal boreholes.
Any individual in immediate supervision of and/or responsible
for the drilling of boreholes used for the purpose of geothermal heating
or cooling of a facility and is licensed as a well contractor and
geothermal well installation contractor by the Department. This individual
is responsible for boring, pipe loop installation and backfilling
of boreholes used for the installation of closed-loop ground source
heat pump systems.
Any components of a heating or cooling and pipe loops for
use in closed-loop applications using a heat transfer fluid or direct
exchange systems.
Water within the earth below the water table within the zone
of saturation. Groundwater includes both water under water table condition
and confined within deep aquifers.
A permanent watertight joint or connection made by filling
with concrete, neat cement or other approved impervious material between
the casing and the undisturbed formation surrounding the well or between
two strings of casing.
A system, including wells, pumps and piping equipment, which
supplies water to a private structure and does not meet the criteria
of "semipublic water supply" or "public water supply."
The procedure employed in the placement and preparation for
operation of pumps and pumping equipment, including all construction
involved in making entrance to the well and establishing seals, but
not including repairs to existing installations.
Micrograms per liter, equivalent to parts per billion
Milligrams per liter, equivalent to parts per million
A well used to observe water levels and/or obtain samples
of groundwater for the purpose of water quality analysis. Test wells
shall be considered monitoring wells under this definition.
Any new building or structure whether residential, commercial
or industrial on a property. New construction also includes any change
in use of an existing structure.
A public water system which is not a community water system.
National Sanitation Foundation.
Nephelometric turbidity units.
A device or assembly of parts which will permit water to
pass through the wall of the well casing or extension thereof, and
which provides access to the well and to the parts of the water system
within the well in a manner to prevent entrance of pollution into
the well and the water produced.
A system which provides water to the public for human consumption
which has at least 15 service connections or regularly serves an average
of at least 25 individuals daily at least 60 days out of the year.
The term includes collection, treatment, storage and distribution
facilities under control of the operator of the system and used in
connection with the system. The term includes collection or pretreatment
storage facilities not under such control which are used in connection
with the system. The term also includes a system which provides water
for bottling or bulk hauling for human consumption. Water for human
consumption includes water that is used for drinking, bathing and
showering, cooking, dishwashing or maintaining oral hygiene.
Any individual engaged in the business of installing or repairing
pumps, pumping equipment, drop pipes, pitless adapters and the other
equipment used for the extraction and conveyance of water from the
aquifer to the distribution, heating or cooling system of the structure
to be served.
Any equipment or materials utilized or intended for use in
withdrawing or obtaining groundwater, including, but not limited to,
piping, seals and tanks, together with fitting and controls.
Any change in location of a proposed well which deviates
from the permitted location.
Any well drilled on the same property where an existing well,
permitted as or intended to serve as a water supply, already exists.
A water supply system, including wells, pumps and piping
equipment, which supplies water to one or several facilities such
as industrial or commercial establishments, parks, camps, hotels,
motels, schools, institutions, eating and drinking establishments
or water supply which services two or more dwelling units and is not
a public water system as defined by the Pennsylvania Safe Drinking
Water Act (35 P.S. § 721.1 et seq.)
Wells drilled for the sole purpose of measuring groundwater
availability. Test wells shall be considered as monitoring wells under
these regulations.
Any individual in immediate supervision of and/or responsible
for the construction, test pumping or equipping or development of
any well. Such individual shall have a minimum of three years hands
on experience in the actual drilling, casing and grouting of water
wells and be licensed by Warminster Township.
Any excavation that is drilled, cored, bored, washed, driven,
dug, jetted or otherwise constructed when the intended use of such
excavation is for the location, acquisition or artificial recharge
of groundwater or for the installation of ground source heat pump
equipment. This includes, but is not limited to, test wells, test
borings, geothermal and monitoring wells, in addition to wells to
be utilized as individual or semipublic or public water supplies.
An approved device or method used to protect a well casing
or water system from the entrance of any external pollutant at the
point of entrance into the casing of a pipe, electric conduit or water
level measuring device.
When there are two or more wells being utilized in an individual,
semipublic or public water supply system.
[Ord. 691, 9/10/2009]
1.
Licenses. Only Pennsylvania licensed well drillers shall install
wells within Warminster Township.
2.
Location.
A.
The source of supply shall be from a water-bearing formation drawn
not less than 40 feet from the ground surface.
B.
Cap wells shall be located at a point free from flooding and at a
higher elevation (wherever possible) and at the following distances
to existing or potential sources of pollution.
|
Source Pollution: Minimum isolation distances from the proposed
well to the features listed below:
|
|
Minimum Distance
(feet)
| ||
|---|---|---|
|
Water Related
| ||
|
1.
|
Delineated wetlands or floodplains
|
25
|
|
2.
|
Lakes, ponds, spring prone areas or other surface waters
|
25
|
|
3.
|
Rainwater pits
|
25
|
|
4.
|
Storm drains, retention basins, stormwater stabilization ponds
|
25
|
|
Sewage Related
| ||
|
1.
|
Biosolids disposal areas and seepage disposal sites
|
300
|
|
2.
|
Community sewage disposal systems
|
200
|
|
3.
|
Farm silos, barnyards, manure pits or tanks or other storage
areas of animal manure
|
100
|
|
4.
|
Subsurface sewage absorption areas, elevated sand mounds, cesspools,
sewage seepage pits, community and single-family spray irrigation
systems, etc.
|
100
|
|
5.
|
Septic tanks, aerobic tanks, sewage pump tanks, holding tanks
|
50
|
|
6.
|
Gravity sewer lines and drains carrying domestic sewage or industrial
waste [except when the sewer line is cast iron pipe with either watertight
lead caulked joints or joints filled with neoprene gaskets, or if
solvent welded Schedule 40 (or SDR equivalent) or better polyvinylchloride
(PVC) pipe]
|
50
(10)
|
|
7.
|
Sewage drains carrying domestic sewage or industrial waste under
pressure (except welded steel pipe or solvent welded Schedule 40 or
equivalent or better PVC pipe or concrete encased pipe)
|
50
(10)
|
|
Chemical Related
| ||
|
1.
|
Preparation area or storage area of hazardous spray materials,
fertilizers or chemicals; salt pipes
|
300
|
|
2.
|
Surface or subsurface containers or tanks of over 1,000 gallons
used for the storage of materials which cannot be properly renovated
by passage through the soil; this includes, but is not limited to,
gasoline and all other petroleum products (except where tank installation
meets current PA DEP Underground Storage Tank Regulations; documentation
must be supplied)
|
300
(100)
|
|
3.
|
Surface or subsurface containers or tanks of 1,000 gallons or
less used for the storage of materials, which cannot be properly remediate
by passage through the soil. This includes, but is not limited to,
gasoline and all other petroleum products. For example, the type of
tanks frequently found in homes using oil for heating purposes.
|
30
|
|
4.
|
Driveways, parking lots or paved areas, curbed driveways (6
inches minimum) parking lots or paved areas
|
10
|
|
5.
|
Dedicated road right-of-way
|
15
|
|
6.
|
Property lines, rights-of-ways, easements
|
10
|
|
7.
|
Metal or masonry storage buildings on a cement slab
|
10
|
|
Any other source of pollution
|
As approved
| |
C.
Individual neighboring well: 50 feet.
3.
Construction.
A.
Casing.
(1)
All wells serving as a water supply shall be equipped with a
watertight and durable wrought steel casing equivalent to Schedule
40 280 wall thickness. The section of casing shall be joined together
by threaded couplings or joints, by welding. The casing shall be carried
to a minimum depth of 40 feet and (then) extended an additional five
feet into firm bedrock or other impervious strata and grouted in place.
(2)
The criteria established in AWWA Standard AI00-84 must be followed.
Casings shall terminate a minimum of 18 inches above the surrounding,
finished ground surface grade. All casings for water supply or geothermal
return wells shall be fitted with an insect-resistant well cap.
B.
Grout materials.
(1)
All grout information (type of cement or bentonite and number
of bags of cement or bentonite used for grouting) must be submitted,
in writing, on the form(s) provided by the Authority to the Authority
by the well driller within 30 days of completion of the well drilling
process.
(2)
In all well installations an annular space shall be provided
between the well casing and the earth formation. The annular space
shall be completely filled with approved grout materials, in one continuous
operation, under pressure from the bottom to the natural land surface,
within 24 hours after completion of the drilling. In the event that
grouting is done following the completion of all drilling operations,
care must be taken to prevent the entrance of drillers mud into the
annulus during the completion of the borehole by the use of a rubber
packer or other acceptable method. The annular space shall be completely
cleared of all obstructions prior to the placement of the grout material.
Exterior grouting methods must be used in this instance. The casing
shall be sealed effectively against entrance of water from water-bearing
zones which are subject to pollution, through which the casing may
pass, by grouting a minimum of 10 feet above and 10 feet below the
polluted or undesirable water-bearing zone. During the installation
of the pitless adapter, grout material may be removed from the exterior
of the casing in order to provide a watertight seal between the casing
and the pitless adapter.
(3)
A curing time of 12 hours for Type III portland cement must
be provided immediately following the placement of the grout. Drilling
is not permitted during the curing period. If casings of smaller diameter
are used in the lower portions of the well, effective watertight seals
shall be provided between the casings where they telescope for a minimum
distance of four feet.
(4)
The annular space of all well installations must be filled with
one of the following listed grout materials:
(a)
Neat cement grout shall consist of a mixture of API Class G
(or Class B similar to ASTM C150 Type II) and water in the ratio of
0.67 cubic feet (0.019 m3) of water per
ninety-four-pound (42.7 kg) sack weighing approximately 228 pounds
per cubic feet. A maximum of 6% by weight bentonite and 2% by weight
of calcium chloride may be added.
(b)
Bentonite grout shall be a pure bentonite with at least 20%
solids by weight when mixed with water. Hydration of the bentonite
must be delayed until bentonite mix has been placed down the well.
This can be done by using additives with the dry bentonite or in water;
mixing calcium bentonite with sodium bentonite or by using granular
bentonite which has less surface area.
(c)
In all well installations if rapid loss of grout material occurs
during placement, coarse fill material (e.g., sand, gravel, crushed
stone, dry cement) may be used in the zone or zones in which the rapid
loss is occurring. The remainder of the annular space shall be grouted
as provided below. In no case shall pouring, dumping or shoveling
of grout material into the annular space be deemed an approved method
of grout placement.
C.
Grout placement.
(1)
Grout pipe outside casing. The minimum annular space of 1 1/2
inches around the entire outside of the casing shall be provided by
drilling a borehole three inches larger than the outside diameter
of the casing to be inserted. All grout shall be placed by pumping
through the grout pipe. The entire interval to be grouted shall be
open and without obstructions. The grout pipe may remain extended
to the bottom of the interval during and after grouting or it may
be raised slowly as a grout is placed, provided that the discharge
end of the grout pipe remains submerged in the emplaced grout at all
times until grouting is completed. In the event of interruption in
the grouting operations, the bottom of the grout pipe shall be raised
above the grout level and should not be resubmerged until the air
and water have been displaced from the grout pipe.
(2)
Grout pipe inside casing. The bottom of the casing if fitted
with a packer arrangement, also referred to as a cementing shoe or
float shoe, and the casing is placed in the borehole a short distance
off the bottom. The float shoe allows grout to be pumped through the
grout pipe and upward into the annular space, while preventing grout
leakage into the casing during grouting and after removal of grout
pipe. Grouting is continued until cement appears at the surface at
which time the grout pipe is disconnected from the float shoe. The
float shoe is drilled out after the grout sets and hardens sufficiently.
(3)
Interior method two plug. The first plug separates the grout
from the fluid in the casing, and the other separates the grout from
the water pumped in above it. First, the casing is placed a short
distance off the bottom. After pumping water through the casing to
circulate fluid in the annular space and clear any obstructions from
the hole, the first plug is inserted, and the casing is capped. A
measured volume of grout is pumped in, which is sufficient to fill
the annular space. The casing then is opened, and the second plug
inserted. A measured volume of water is pumped in above the second
plug until it is pushed to the bottom of the casing and most of the
grout is expelled up and into the annual space. The water in the casing
is held under pressure to prevent the backflow of grout until it has
set and hardened.
(4)
Interior method upper plug. The casing is placed a short distance
off the bottom, and the water is pumped into the casing to circulate
fluid through the annular space to clear any obstructions from the
hole. A measured quantity of grout slightly greater than that needed
to fill the annular space is pumping into the capped casing. Because
this grout is in direct contact with the drilling fluid, there will
be a narrow zone of weak grout between the drilling fluid and good
grout; however, this zone should remain inside the casing and not
be forced into the annular space. The casing is opened, and a drillable
plug is inserted. A measured volume of water is pumped in above the
plug until it is pushed to the bottom of the casing and most of the
grout is expelled up and into the annular space. The water in the
casing is held under pressure until the grout sets and hardens.
(5)
Interior method capped casing. The casing is placed a short
distance off the bottom, and water is pumped into the casing to circulate
fluid in the annular space and clear any obstructions from the hole.
The grout pipe passes through an airtight cap at the top of the casing
and is positioned three to four feet above the bottom of the casing.
The grout pipe is assembled so that it can be pulled through the cap
a distance of about 20 feet after the injection of grout is completed.
A bleeder valve is provided to release air from inside the casing
as it is filled with water. The first step is to fill the casing and
annular space with water. With the upper end of the casing closed,
grouting is started by forcing the cement through the grout pipe upward
into the annular space. Grouting is continued until the cement overflows
around the casing at ground surface. Just enough water is pumped to
clear the cement from the grout pipe, and the grout pipe is lifted
free of the grout. Both the casing and grout pipe shall be kept tightly
closed under pressure until the cement sets and hardens.
(6)
Grout displacement method. The hole is filled with the estimated
volume of grout required to fill the annular space, and the casing
is lowered into the hole. The bottom of the casing is closed in a
tight, drillable plug. Guides often are used to keep the casing centered
in the hole. As the casing is lowered, the grout is forced upward
around it to fill the annular space. If the pipe does not sink to
the bottom under its own weight, it is filled with water.
(7)
Unconsolidated formations. When drilling through an unconsolidated
formation a steel drive shoe shall be required. Grouting shall be
done in accordance with the following:
(a)
If caving conditions are experienced on wells deeper than 30
feet, the annular space shall be grouted from the point where caving
occurred or from a depth of 30 feet, whichever is greater, to land
surface.
(8)
Other grouting methods and materials may be used subject to
prior written approval of the Department.
D.
Packers. Packers, when used, shall be of materials that will not
impart taste, odor, toxic substances or bacterial contamination to
the well water.
E.
Well screens. Well screens, when used, shall:
(1)
Provide the maximum amount of open area while still maintaining
structural strength.
(2)
Have the size of openings in the screen based on a sieve analysis
of the material contained in the surrounding geological formation
or gravel pack.
(3)
Be constructed of materials resistant to damage by chemical
action of groundwater or cleaning operations.
(4)
Have sufficient diameter to provide adequate specific capacity
and low aperture velocity. Usually, the entrance velocity should not
exceed 0.1 feet per second.
(5)
Be installed so that the pumping water level remains above the
screen under all operating conditions.
(6)
Be designed and installed to permit removal or replacement without
adversely affecting watertight construction of the well.
(7)
Be provided with a bottom place or wash down bottom fitting
of the same material as a screen.
F.
Gravel packs. Gravel packs when used:
(1)
Shall be well rounded particles, 95% siliceous material, that
are smooth and uniform, free of foreign material, properly sized,
washed and disinfected immediately prior to or during replacement.
(2)
Shall be placed in one uniform continuous operation.
(3)
Gravel refill pipes, when used, shall be Schedule 40 steel pipe
incorporated within the pump foundation and terminated with screwed
or welded caps at least 12 inches above the pump house floor or concrete
apron.
(4)
Gravel refill pipes located in the grouted annular opening shall
be surrounded by a minim urn of 1.5 inches of grout.
(5)
Protection from leakage of grout into the gravel pack or screen
shall be provided.
G.
Pit installations. Pit installations are used where the casing terminates
below the ground surface. Where well pits are used, such pits shall
be maintained free of water at all times. The floor of the pit shall
be a watertight, reinforced concrete platform at least four inches
thick poured around the casing and shall be provided with a watertight
seal. The floor of the pit shall extend at least two feet from the
center of the casing in all directions. In all cases, the pit shall
be sized to allow adequate working space. The casing shall extend
above the floor for at least 12 inches. An insect-resistant well cap
shall be installed. The surface of the floor shall be pitched toward
a drain which has a minimum diameter of four inches and discharged
by gravity to the surface of the ground in an area not subject to
flooding or to a basement which is effectively protected against flooding.
Drain openings shall be effectively screened to prevent the entrance
of insects and rodents. The drain shall not be connected to any sewer
or other drain. The pit shall have watertight, reinforced concrete
walls four inches thick or equivalent which provide for an effective
watertight seal against the floor. The top of the pit shall be a watertight
reinforced monolithic concrete slab at least four inches thick, which
shall be sealed with the wall so as to effectively prevent the entrance
of water. The top of the pit shall not be more than six inches below
the ground surface. A durable watertight manhole shall be installed
in the top of the pit centered over the casing and effectively sealed
with the top to prevent the entrance of water. This manhole shall
be at least 24 inches in diameter. It shall extend at least three
inches above the surrounding ground surface and be covered by an impervious
durable cover of concrete, steel or equivalent material which overlaps
the manhole vertically by at least two inches. The manhole cover shall
be effectively secured to the manhole by bolting, locking or equivalent
means and shall be kept so secured. Pit installations shall not be
used in areas subject to flooding by groundwater or surface water
or where the groundwater level rises to within one foot of the bottom
of the proposed pit. Where pipes enter the pit, the annular space
between the pipes and the wall shall be effectively sealed by a watertight
permanent seal.
H.
Pitless installations. Pitless installations are those installations
where the casing terminates above the ground surface.
(1)
Where pitless installations are used, they shall be of a design
which provides an effective seal against the entrance of groundwater
or surface water into the well, access casing and into the piping
leading to the pump. All buried suction lines shall be effectively
encased, or otherwise protected to prevent external damage or contamination.
Pitless installations must be so designed as to be structurally sound
and to provide for ready removal of drop piping without excavation.
The access casing shall be effectively protected against corrosion
and shall extend at least 18 inches above the natural ground surface
and to a point below the frost line. The ground level at this point
shall be elevated above the adjacent ground level and graded to drain
away in all directions. The top of the access shall be effectively
sealed against the entrance of waters, insects and rodents. An insect-resistant
cap shall be installed. The pitless adapter shall not be submerged
in water or used in areas used by automobiles and other vehicles.
(2)
Where surface installations (i.e., hand pumps, pump rooms, etc.)
are used a watertight, reinforced concrete platform at least four
inches thick and extending for at least two feet in all directions
from the center of the casing shall be poured around the casing to
provide an effective watertight seal with the casing, or shall be
made watertight with an effective permanent seal. The surface of the
platform shall slope to the edges. The casing shall extend through
the slab for a least 12 inches and shall be effectively sealed against
the entrance of contamination. An insect-resistant well cap shall
be installed where appropriate. All pumping equipment shall be protected
against freezing. If a pump room is proposed, it shall be so sized
to allow adequate working space.
I.
Venting. Where venting is required, an overlapping cover or pipe
with the opening facing downward shall be required. Such venting shall
be effectively protected against the entrance of insects and rodents.
An insect-resistant well cap shall be installed. In no case shall
openings be less than 12 inches from the ground, or, in the case of
pit installations, the floor.
J.
Individual water supply system standard.
(1)
An individual water supply system shall produce not less than
480 gallons of water in a two-hour period, at least twice each day,
12 hours apart.
(2)
If the sustained yield of the individual well or individual
well system is not capable of meeting the total individual water supply
system standard, sufficient storage shall be required. Borehole capacity
and/or a storage tank shall provide storage capacity.
K.
Minimum yield for individual wells.
(1)
All potable water supply wells intended to serve as an individual
water supply shall be approved for yield in accordance with this subsection.
Replacement wells servicing existing improved properties may be exempt
from this requirement or wells servicing new construction may be released
from this requirement at the discretion of the Manager or his authorized
representative.
(2)
The criteria for approval shall be a minimum well yield of one
gallon per minute.
(3)
For wells with yields of two gallons per minute or less, a minimum of 400 gallons of storage capacity shall be provided. Borehole storage shall be measured from the pump level to the top of the static water column. Wells with yields between two and four gallons per minute shall provide the storage capacity required to meet the individual water supply standard described in § 26-303, Subsection 3J.
(4)
If the well does not meet the yield requirement of § 26-303, Subsection 3K(2), a second well shall be required. If the combined yield of this well system does not provide the required yield, the Department will allow the use of this well system, utilizing the appropriate release agreement, provided the well system meets the individual water supply system standard in § 26-303, Subsection 3J. The permittee may propose to construct additional wells in an attempt to meet the yield requirement.
(6)
A report that documents the well testing shall be submitted
to the Authority that contains the following:
(a)
The name, address and telephone number of the well driller and
personnel conducting the test.
(b)
A complete description of the test well(s) that includes the
horizontal and vertical dimensions of the well(s), the casing installed
with specifications and the specifications of the grouting material
used.
(c)
Date the well(s) was drilled.
(d)
Depth of the well(s).
(e)
Method used to drill the well(s).
(f)
Type of casing and grouting used.
(g)
Distance of the well from water related, sewage related, chemical
related or individual neighboring well.
(h)
Location and distance to public sewer lines.
(i)
Type and quantity of storage to be provided (if applicable)
(j)
A list of rock formations identified during drilling.
(k)
The static water level immediately prior to the testing for
yield.
(l)
A hydrograph of the depth to the water surface during pump testing
and the recovery period at the test well(s) showing corresponding
pump and discharge rate in gallons per minute and the time at which
readings were taken.
(n)
A mapping of well location on the property showing all other
data required by this Part 3.
(o)
Recommended depth for the pump.
[Ord. 691, 9/10/2009]
1.
Licenses. Only Pennsylvania licensed well drillers shall install
wells within Warminster Township.
2.
Monitoring wells.
A.
Due to the variability in the information to be obtained, groundwater monitoring wells shall not be subject to strict compliance with the isolation distances given in § 26-303 of these regulations. The construction of each monitoring well must first receive written approval of the Authority in the form of a permit. Each monitoring well must be designed to minimize potential contamination of the aquifer and to maximize the information obtained from each installation. Analysis and reports prepared on monitoring wells must be submitted to the Authority.
B.
Continued upkeep and safe operation and maintenance of all monitoring
wells shall be the ultimate responsibility of the property owner.
C.
Whenever a property on which a monitoring well is located is sold
or subsequently changes ownership, the Authority shall be informed
of the change. All information regarding the owner and any entity
responsible for operation and maintenance of the well, shall be kept
current at all times.
D.
The property owner shall be responsible to inform the Authority of
the operational status of the well. This shall be required on an annual
basis within 30 days of the anniversary of the original issuance date
of the permit for each monitoring well.
F.
Failure to comply with the above requirements relating to ownership,
reporting and the operation, maintenance or abandonment of any monitoring
well may result in legal action being initiated against the property
owner by this Authority.
3.
Test wells.
A.
Test wells require a permit and must meet the isolation distances and construction standards of § 26-303 of these regulations for water supply wells.
C.
Test wells may be converted for use as a permanent supply well. To be converted for use as a supply well, the owner shall submit a new application and the applicable fee for a new well permit to the Authority and meet the requirements of § 26-310 of this Part 3. Forms required for test well conversion are available from the Authority.
D.
The converted test well will not be granted approval for use until the required forms and a water quality analysis showing that the water meets the requirements of § 26-311 is submitted to this Authority. In addition, documentation that the supply well meets the individual supply system standard in § 26-303, Subsection 3J, and minimum yield requirements in § 26-303, Subsection 3K, must be submitted to this Authority prior to well approval.
E.
Failure to comply with these regulations regarding test wells may
result in the initiation of legal action against the property owner
by this Authority.
[Ord. 691, 9/10/2009]
1.
Licenses. Only Pennsylvania licensed well drillers shall install
wells within Warminster Township.
2.
3.
Closed-loop geothermal boreholes.
A.
Location.
(1)
The following minimum isolation distances to existing or potential
sources of pollution shall be maintained. Minimum isolation distances
from the proposed closed-loop borehole to the facilities listed below:
|
Minimum Distance
(feet)
| ||
|---|---|---|
|
Water Related
| ||
|
1.
|
Delineated wetlands, floodplains, lakes, ponds or other surface
waters
|
10
|
|
2.
|
Rainwater pits
|
10
|
|
3.
|
Storm drains, retention basins, stormwater stabilization ponds
|
10
|
|
Sewage Related
| ||
|
1.
|
Surface sewage absorption areas, elevated sand mounds, cesspools,
sewage seepage pits
|
50
|
|
2.
|
Spray irrigation site perimeter, sewage sludge and seepage disposal
sites
|
50
|
|
3.
|
Septic tanks, aerobic tanks, sewage pump tanks, holding tanks
|
25
|
|
4.
|
Sewer drains, public sewer laterals
|
5
|
|
Chemical Related
| ||
|
1.
|
Preparation area or storage area of hazardous spray materials,
fertilizers or chemicals, salt piles (if borehole is cased and grouted
inside and out)
|
300
(150)
|
|
2.
|
Surface or subsurface containers or tanks of greater than 1,000
gallons used for storage of materials which cannot be properly renovated
by passage through soil; this includes, but is not limited to, gasoline
and all other petroleum products (if borehole is cased and grouted
inside and out)
|
300
(150)
|
|
3.
|
Surface or subsurface containers or tanks of 1,000 gallons or
less used for storage of materials which cannot be properly renovated
by passage through soil; this includes, but is not limited to, gasoline
and all other petroleum products; for example, the type of tanks frequently
used in homes using oil for heating purposes
|
30
|
|
Miscellaneous
| ||
|
1.
|
Dedicated road right-of-way
|
10
|
|
2.
|
Property lines, rights-of-way, easements
|
5
|
|
Any other source of pollution
|
As approved
| |
(2)
Any proposed deviation from the isolation distances prescribed
above must be approved, in writing, by the Authority, with reasons
stated for such deviation.
B.
Construction.
(1)
Closed-loop geothermal boreholes shall be located, drilled and
finished in a manner that will protect the borehole structure from
damage from surface activities or other natural occurrences so that
the quality of the groundwater cannot be affected.
(2)
The well contractor shall be responsible for insuring that the
borehole is drilled in the permitted location. Deviation from the
permitted location must receive prior written approval from Warminster
Authority.
(3)
Casings are not required. Casings may be necessary to hold the
borehole open during the drilling process. Casing may be left in the
borehole at the discretion of the well contractor. When a casing is
used, grouting the annular space is required.
(4)
The pipe loop is to be installed by a contractor who is certified
in the proper method of heat fusion specified by the pipe manufacturer.
The well contractor shall be responsible for insuring that the pipe
loop is installed in accordance with the specifications of the ground
source heat pump system manufacturer, the pipe manufacturer and that
the borehole is properly backfilled.
(5)
Grouting of a closed-loop geothermal well shall be conducted
via tremie pipe starting at the bottom of the well and proceeding
upward. Grouting mixtures for closed-loop geothermal wells must have
permeability less than 10-7 CMOS.
C.
Permitting. Closed-loop geothermal boreholes shall be permitted in accordance with § 26-310. Each borehole must be permitted using a single application. A separate fee will be charged for each borehole.
D.
Only water or nontoxic, biodegradable fluids may be used as the circulating
fluid for the ground loop portion of geothermal systems.
[Ord. 691, 9/10/2009]
1.
Head pump installations.
A.
The pump head shall be designed and constructed to prevent contamination
from reaching the water chamber and other interior surfaces of the
pump.
B.
The pump shall be designed and constructed to provide an effective
watertight seal with the well casing or stored water reservoir.
C.
The pump cylinder or foot valve shall be installed below the pumping
level of the well.
D.
The pump shall be designed where necessary for protection against
freezing.
E.
All pump information must be submitted, in writing, on forms provided
by the Authority.
2.
Power pump installations.
A.
The base of a pump installed directly over a well casing or pipe
sleeve shall be designed to provide an effective watertight seal with
the casing or pipe sleeve.
B.
All power pumps shall be installed on a firm base in an area free
from flooding.
D.
Location and installation of the pump and all related equipment shall
permit convenient access, removal, maintenance and repair.
E.
The pump suction opening shall be placed at least two feet below
the maximum drawdown of the water in the well. However, the pump suction
opening shall be placed at a sufficient distance from the bottom of
the well so as to prevent agitation of accumulated sediment.
3.
Well cap replacement. Whenever a pump is repaired or replaced, the
pump installer shall insure that an insect-resistant well cap is installed
on the well. Caps other than insect-resistant caps shall be replaced
with insect-resistant caps. If an existing insect-resistant cap is
to be reinstalled on a well, the pump installer shall inspect the
condition of the cap and either clean or replace the cap as necessary
to insure that the integrity and operation of the well is maintained.
The new well cap should be a watertight locking cap with O-ring seals.
[Ord. 691, 9/10/2009]
1.
One of the following methods of abandonment described below must
be used in accordance with the geological formations penetrated and
in such a manner as to prevent the borehole being sealed from acting
as a channel for pollution, or the escape of subterranean gases. A
report, form provided by the Authority, as required above, of the
method of sealing shall be filed with the Authority.
A.
A well in unconsolidated deposits shall be filled with neat cement
grout or concrete grout.
B.
The section of a well in a cavernous or creviced rock (such as cavernous
limestone or diabase, creviced granite, etc.) shall be filled with
concrete or neat cement grout or alternate layers of concrete or neat
cement grout, gravel or stone aggregate. The filling shall be completed
at the top by a layer of neat cement grout, concrete grout or bentonite
extending at least 20 feet (6.1 m) above the top of the cavernous
rock or to the ground surface.
C.
The section of a wall in sandstone strata shall be filled with neat
cement grout, concrete grout or sand. The filling shall be completed
at the top of the formation by a layer of neat cement grout, concrete
grout or bentonite extending at least 20 feet (6.1 m) above the top
of the sandstone or to the ground surface.
D.
The flow in a flowing well shall be confined and the well filled
in accordance with the preceding subsections or the well shall be
sealed by pressure grouting.
E.
Abandonment of wells containing subterranean gases requires special
precautions, and a casing in such a well shall be sealed with neat
cement grout, concrete grout or bentonite.
F.
Debris or obstructions that may interfere with sealing operations
shall be removed from the well.
[Ord. 691, 9/10/2009]
1.
Following the completion of the construction of an individual, semipublic
water or public supply and installation of the pumping equipment,
or alterations, repairs or maintenance work, the well shall be pumped
continuously until the water discharged is clear. The well, pump,
piping system and other fixtures shall be filled with water containing
a concentration of not less than 100 parts per million of free chlorine.
A portion of the chlorine solution shall be recirculated directly
to the well in order to insure proper agitation. The water shall not
be used for a period of 24 hours. Other combinations of concentration
and time intervals may be used as are demonstrated to be equally effective.
2.
Disposal of the purged water shall be at a point so as to minimize
adverse effects to aquatic life and further, the purged water shall
not be discharged into any subsurface sewage disposal system. One
ounce (28 g/0.8 kg) of dry calcium hypochlorite (70% available chlorine),
dissolved in 52.5 gallons (200 l) of water, makes a 100 ppm strength
disinfectant solution. Various proportions can be worked out using
the approximate quantities shown in the following table:
|
Diameter of the Well Casing
|
Water Standing in Well
|
Amount of dry powder (HTH or equivalent) to make at least
110 ppm chlorine solution
|
|---|---|---|
|
4 inches (10.16 cm)
|
100 feet (31 m)
65.5 gallons (247 l)
|
3 tablespoons or
1/4 cup (36.7 g)
|
|
6 inches (15.24 cm)
|
100 feet (31 m)
147 gallons (556 l)
|
7 tablespoons or
1/2 cup (82.3 g)
|
|
8 inches (18.32 cm)
|
100 feet (31 m)
261 gallons (998 l)
|
12 tablespoons or
3/4 cup (146.2 g)
|
|
10 inches (25.4 cm)
|
100 feet (31 m)
408 gallons (1,554 l)
|
1 1/4 cups (228.5 g)
|
|
12 inches (30.5 cm)
|
100 feet (31 m)
587 gallons (2,222 l)
|
1 3/4 cups (328.7 g)
|
[Ord. 691, 9/10/2009]
1.
Every potable water distributing pipe shall be protected against
cross-connection with, and backflow from, any plumbing fixture or
other piece of equipment or appliance capable of affecting the quality
of the potable water by having the outlet end from which the water
flows spaced a minimum distance of twice the diameter of the water
supply pipe above the flood level rim of the receptacle into which
the potable water flows, except where it is not practicable to provide
this minimum distance, the connection to the fixture, equipment or
appliance shall be equipped with a cross-connection prevention assembly
of a type and location approved by the Authority.
2.
For semipublic supplies, the Authority shall require a cross-connection prevention device of a type and location approved by the Authority be installed at any fixed potable water outlet to which a hose may be connected. This subsection shall apply to all semipublic water supplies constructed after the effective date of this Part 3. Existing semipublic water supplies shall be subject to this requirement within one year from the effective date of this Part 3.
3.
Public water systems shall comply with the requirements of the Pennsylvania
Safe Drinking Water Act (35 P.S. § 721.1 et seq.)
[Ord. 691, 9/10/2009]
1.
All individual, semipublic or public water supplies and geothermal
wells, monitoring wells and test wells shall be constructed in strict
compliance with the specifications set forth in this section of these
rules and regulations.
2.
It shall be unlawful for any person to locate, drill or have drilled
any well, to install or have installed any related pumping equipment,
to alter an existing well or its pumping equipment, until a permit
for such location, drilling, installation, or alteration shall have
been issued by the Authority.
3.
No individual, semipublic or public water supply may be used and
no structure served by an individual, semipublic or public water supply
may be occupied until the Authority shall have issued a certificate
indicating that such well and pumping system have been located and
constructed in accordance with the terms of the permit(s) issued by
the Authority.
4.
If an emergency condition exists, that is, if the lack of water poses
an immediate and significant danger to the health and welfare of persons,
livestock or domestic fowl or crops, then the Department shall issue
a permit within 24 hours of receipt of the completed permit application.
It is the responsibility of the well contractor and/or property owner
or tenant to substantiate that an emergency condition exists by submission
of a signed statement to the Department. Emergency permits will not
be issued over the telephone except in such instances where the Department
may be closed for a period of time in excess of 24 hours, and then
only to replace an existing water supply where the lack of water poses
an immediate and significant threat to human health or when the Department
determines that other exceptional circumstances exist. When permits
are issued over the telephone, the well contractor must submit the
required signed statement and the completed well application to the
Department by 9:00 a.m. on the next regularly scheduled Department
workday.
A.
The drilling process for an emergency well must begin within 24 hours
of receipt of the permit or verbal approval or said permit/verbal
approval is void except where inclement weather conditions or other
abnormal circumstances occur.
B.
The well contractor must have the well permit and/or verbal approval
well permit number in his possession at the specific job site during
all aspects of the well drilling process.
5.
Within 30 days of the completion of the well drilling process, the well contractor must submit written drilling and grouting information to the Department utilizing form WTWSD-01 and WTWSD-02 in addition to the Well Driller's Log Form FM-TGS-15. Approval to use the well will not be granted until all of the requirements outlined in § 26-303, Subsection 3, and § 26-310, Subsection 3, have been satisfied.
A.
Within 30 days after the completion of the pump installation process
for supply wells, the pump installation contractor must submit written
information to the Authority as described on the forms provided by
the Authority.
B.
Second wells on existing properties or agricultural/irrigation wells
on farm/commercial properties must receive approval to use from the
Authority no more than 90 days from the completion of the drilling
process.
C.
Failure to comply with these regulations will result in legal action
being taken against the property owner/equitable owner and/or well
contractor and/or pump installation contractor. Neither the well contractor
nor the pump installation contractor shall refuse to submit the information
required in this Part 3 due to the nonpayment for his or her services.
[Ord. 691, 9/10/2009]
1.
Water quality for public water supplies shall be regulated by the
Pennsylvania Safe Drinking Water Act (35 P.S. § 721.1 et
seq.).
A.
All water samples to be tested must be drawn by a trained Department
of Environmental Protection (DEP) certified laboratory employee or
a Township licensed well driller. Qualified engineers or environmental
consultants may also draw samples.
C.
Only an original laboratory analysis report of the water quality
of a supply well will be accepted for final approval to use.
D.
Falsification of any document submitted to this Authority may result
in the initiation of legal action against the property owner and/or
the responsible party.
2.
Water quality for new individual and semipublic water supplies shall
conform with the following:
A.
Microbiological water quality requirements. Procedures for testing
for microbiological contaminants shall be approved by and conducted
by a laboratory certified by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania for
the technique used. Evidence of such tests shall be given to the Department
verifying that the tests have been conducted by a laboratory approved
by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection (DEP).
B.
Microbiological, physical and chemical water quality requirements.
Individual and semipublic water supplies must meet the following standards
or maximum contaminant levels (MCL):
|
Secondary Contaminants
|
MCL
|
|---|---|
|
pH
|
6.5 to 8.5 pH units
|
|
Chloride
|
250
|
|
Sulfate
|
250
|
|
Total dissolved solids (TDS)
|
500
|
|
Color
|
15 color units
|
|
Odor
|
3 threshold odor numbers
|
|
Turbidity
|
0.5 to 1 NTU
|
|
Iron
|
0.3
|
|
Manganese
|
0.05
|
|
Microbiological contaminants
|
MCL
|
|
Total coliforms*
|
0 col/100 mL
|
|
NOTES:
| |
|---|---|
|
*
|
If positive analyze for fecal coliform.
|
|
Inorganic Chemicals
|
MCL
(mg/L)
|
|---|---|
|
Arsenic
|
0.01
|
|
Barium
|
2
|
|
Cadmium
|
0.005
|
|
Chromium
|
0.1
|
|
Copper
|
1
|
|
Lead
|
0.005
|
|
Mercury
|
0.002
|
|
Nitratre + nitrite (as nitrogen)
|
10
|
|
Volatile Organic Chemicals
(VOCs)
|
MCL
(mg/L)
|
|---|---|
|
Benzene
|
0.005
|
|
Carbon Tetrachloride
|
0.005
|
|
o-Dichlorobenzene
|
0.6
|
|
para-Dichlorobenzene
|
0.075
|
|
1, 2-Dichloroethane
|
0.005
|
|
1, 1-Dichloroethylene
|
0.007
|
|
cis-Dichloroethylene
|
0.07
|
|
trans-1, 2-Dichoroethylene
|
0.1
|
|
Dichloromethane
|
0.005
|
|
1, 2-Dichloropropane
|
0.005
|
|
Ethylbenzene
|
0.7
|
|
Monochlorobenzene
|
0.1
|
|
Styrene
|
0.1
|
|
Tetrachloroethene
|
0.005
|
|
Toluene
|
1
|
|
1, 2, 4-Trichlorobenzene
|
0.07
|
|
1, 1, 1-Trichloroethane
|
0.2
|
|
1, 1, 2-Trichloroethane
|
0.005
|
|
Trichloroethene
|
0.005
|
|
Vinyl chloride
|
0.002
|
|
Xylenes (total)
|
10
|
D.
For either individual or semipublic water supplies, additional analyses
and treatment of the water may be required if the applicant, Bucks
County Department of Health or the Department, the Authority, or the
Township has reason to suspect that harmful substances are present
in the water in amounts that are significantly adverse to human health,
safety or comfort.
(1)
In those areas identified as areas of concern due to their proximity
to either suspected or confirmed Superfund sites, leaking underground
storage tanks and other areas of documented groundwater contamination,
the Authority will require testing of new wells for the contaminants
known to be associated with the specific site.
3.
All individual private well supplies must be tested every third year
for total and fecal coliform. Test must be performed by a qualified
lab or through the Bucks County Department of Health testing program.
The Department will notify residents of the test due dates. The well
owner will be required to submit the original copy of the test results
to the Department.
[Ord. 691, 9/10/2009]
1.
Whenever a public water supply or another well replaces an existing well, it shall be the responsibility of the property owner to have the existing well properly abandoned by a licensed well contractor in accordance with § 26-307, Abandonment of wells, of these regulations. No well may exist in a decommissioned state.
3.
A well that has been replaced by another well shall not be required
to be abandoned if the property owner has made written request to
the Authority to maintain the well for purposes that will not endanger
groundwater, the environment or public health, and has received written
approval to maintain the well from the Authority.
4.
A well that has been replaced by a public water supply shall not
be required to be abandoned if the property owner has submitted a
written request to the Authority for approval to continue to maintain
the well, and has received written approval to maintain the well from
the Authority.
5.
Wells that have been replaced by public water supplies may not be
used or maintained where any federal, state or local agency has determined
that the continued use or maintenance of the well could interfere
with the cleanup of contaminated groundwater or a contaminated site.
6.
Any well given approval by the Authority when replaced by a public
water supply cannot have any kind of hard connection with the public
water supply.
7.
Well permits will not be issued in areas where a public water supply
exists if the location of the new well is within the cone of influence
of an existing municipal well.
[Ord. 691, 9/10/2009]
1.
Agricultural water wells must meet all Authority isolation requirements
as noted in this Part 3.
A.
Wells used specifically for irrigation of crops, irrigation of recreational
or institutional grasslands or other nonconsumptive use must be tested
for coliform bacteria and nitrates.
B.
Test results must be submitted to the Authority prior to the use
of the well. It will not be required that the supply be treated if
the parameters are outside of the standard listed in this Part 3.
[Ord. 691, 9/10/2009]
1.
Fees. A fee schedule will be established for these rules by the Authority.
2.
Penalties.
A.
Any person, firm or corporation who shall violate any provision of this Part 3, upon conviction thereof in an action brought before a Magisterial District Judge in the manner provided for the enforcement of summary offenses under the Pennsylvania Rules of Criminal Procedure, shall be sentenced to pay a fine of not more than $1,000 plus costs and, in default of payment of said fine and costs, to a term of imprisonment not to exceed 90 days. Each day that a violation of this Part 3 continues or each section of this Part 3 which shall be found to have been violated shall constitute a separate offense.
B.
All prosecutions for violation of this Part 3 shall be by summary
proceedings, brought in the name and for the use of the Township of
Warminster before a Magisterial District Judge in said Township. All
fines shall be paid to the Treasurer of Warminster Township to apply
to general funds.
