City of Lewes, DE Article VI Historic Preservation Architectural Review Commission

[Amended 7-9-2012; 12-9-2013; 5-9-2016; 7-11-2016; 5-8-2017; 2-11-2019]

§ 197-56 Purpose; establishment; composition; meetings; definitions.

A. Purpose. The purpose of this article is to create and authorize the Historic Preservation Architectural Review Commission (HPARC) to accomplish the following:

(1) To safeguard and enhance the historic heritage of the City by preserving the elements which reflect the cultural, social, economic, political or architectural history of the City.

(2) To stabilize and improve property values in the City through historic preservation and appropriate development.

(3) To foster the safety, health and general welfare of the residents and property owners of the City.

(4) To strengthen the local economy.

(5) To promote the use and preservation of the City of Lewes values as established by the Lewes Comprehensive Plan.

(6) To assist in preserving the historic character and the historic fabric of the City of Lewes.

(7) To recommend rehabilitation rather than demolition of contributing structures or historic properties.

(8) To encourage the proper maintenance, preservation and, when necessary, alteration of structures in the Historic District.

B. Establishment. There is hereby established a commission to be called the Historic Preservation Architectural Review Commission.

C. Composition; qualifications; appointment; elections.

(1) The Historic Preservation Architectural Review Commission shall consist of seven voting members to be appointed by the Mayor of the City of Lewes, subject to confirmation by a majority of the elected members of the City Council. At least three members shall be residents in the Historic District, and at least six members shall be residents of the City of Lewes. Recognizing the benefits of having HPC members with professional and/or academic backgrounds related to historic preservation, the seventh member may be an architect or other professional with related experience, who is not required to be a City of Lewes resident. Appointments shall be made with consideration of the diverse talents and communities represented in Lewes and should, to the maximum extent possible, include residents with the following expertise:

(a) At least one representative of the field of architectural and/or building design;

(b) At least one representative with knowledge and/or experience in historic preservation;

(c) At least one representative with knowledge and/or experience in building construction; and

(d) One member of the Lewes Planning Commission.

(2) The following ex officio members shall participate with all rights of membership except voting rights:

(a) One member of City Council;

(b) The Building Official (or his or her designee);

(c) The City Planner.

(3) Members of HPARC (with the exception of ex officio members), shall serve for three-year terms, except that initial appointments shall be staggered.

(4) HPARC shall elect annually a Chair, a Vice Chair, and a Secretary from among its own members and may utilize experts, clerks, and such other assistance that its fiscal appropriations may permit. HPARC may also appoint, by and with the prior approval of the City Council, a custodian of its plans and records who may be the City Manager or his/her designee or a Building Official.

(5) HPARC shall make and adopt rules and/or bylaws necessary for the conduct of its work.

D. Meetings; records.

(1) HPARC shall determine the times and frequency of its meetings, which shall be held at least monthly; however, if no agenda items are available or requested 10 working days prior to the time of a regularly scheduled monthly meeting, the Chair may cancel the regularly scheduled monthly meeting.

(2) Except as provided otherwise with respect to executive session, financial need, and chair and staff review, all meetings of HPARC shall be open to the public.

(3) The Chair will establish the meeting agenda for reviewing applications and other business and has the right to modify the sequence when necessary and, in unusual circumstances, has the right to call special meetings with seven days prior public notice.

(4) An agenda item may be withdrawn at any time up to and including the opening of a scheduled meeting; however, if such matter has been withdrawn prior to the meeting and it is the only matter for that agenda, the chair may cancel the meeting.

(5) Any interested person, or his or her representative, is entitled to appear and be heard before the Historic Preservation and Architectural Review Commission before a decision on any matter is rendered.

(6) The Historic Preservation Architectural Review Commission shall comply with Delaware and City of Lewes statutes, ordinances, and rules governing public meetings and public record.

E. Definitions. In this article, the following definitions shall be applicable unless the context clearly indicates to the contrary:

ACTION NOTICE

A notice issued by Historic Preservation Architectural Review Commission (HPARC) indicating its decision to either approve the plans submitted, approve the plans with conditions, or deny the plans for construction, alteration, reconstruction, rehabilitation, restoration, moving, or demolition of a structure within the Historic District.

ALTERATION

Any change in, or rearrangement of, the supporting members of an existing building, such as bearing walls, columns, beams, girders, or interior partitions, as well as any change in doors, windows, means of ingress or egress, or any enlargement to or diminution of a building or structure, whether horizontally or vertically, or the moving of a building or structure from one location to another.

BUILDING HEIGHT, ESTABLISHED

Subject to approval by HPARC pursuant to this article, the height of any single-family dwelling located in the Historic District may be increased to the same height as any other existing single-family dwelling within a 100 feet of the front property line, on the same side of the street and within the same block. An exception to the height limit of 30.5 feet may be granted by HPARC, if recommended by the Building Official, to accommodate architectural features of a roof or roofline. A flat roofline beyond the 30.5-foot limit shall not be grounds for granting an exception. No residential structure shall exceed the height of 36 feet.

COMMERCIAL STRUCTURE/SITE

Any structure or site which is currently used primarily for commercial activities and not primarily for residential uses.

CONTRIBUTING STRUCTURES

Structures that are judged to add to the Historic District's sense of time, place and historic development under criteria established by HPARC, including historical significance, integrity and context. Such structures are so designated because they meet an architectural test (i.e., compatible with surrounding buildings or represent an architectural style identified with Lewes' history) and a longevity test (built on or before December 31, 1940).

DEMOLITION

Destruction, razing, commencement of the work or steps of total or partial destruction with the purpose of completing the same; includes any neglect in the maintenance and repair of a structure that threatens to result in substantial deterioration of the exterior features or the structural integrity of the structure. Demolition also pertains to any process that disassembles a structure, even if the intent is to put that structure back together again.

DEMOLITION BY NEGLECT

Any neglect in the maintenance or repair of a contributing structure, or a site within the designated historic district, which results in conditions such as, but not limited to.

(1) The deterioration of the foundations, exterior walls, roofs, chimneys, doors, or windows, so as to create or permit a hazardous or unsafe condition to exist; or

(2) The deterioration of the foundations, exterior walls, roofs, chimneys, doors, or windows, the lack of adequate waterproofing, or the deterioration of interior features, which will or could result in permanent damage, injury, or loss of or loss to foundations, exterior walls, roofs, chimneys, doors or windows.

EXTERIOR FEATURES

The architectural style, design, and general arrangement of the exterior of an historic structure, including the nature and texture of building material, and the type and style of all windows, doors, light fixtures, signs or similar items found on or related to the exterior of all structures.

HISTORIC DISTRICT

An area of the City of Lewes identified and designated as having historic importance. The Historic District is shown on the City of Lewes Zoning Map as a series of zoning districts characterized as "historic."

HISTORIC PROPERTIES

Structures and sites, public rights-of-way or areas designated by City Council as having importance in the history of the City of Lewes. A list of historic properties is on file in the City offices. These properties may be within or not within the designated "historic" zoning districts.

IN PUBLIC VIEW

That portion of a structure that is visible, or could be visible in the absence of a fence or landscaping, from the section of a public right-of-way or public street upon which the structure fronts. If the structure is located on more than one street, then that portion of a structure that is visible, or could be visible in the absence of a fence or landscaping, from any section of a public right-of-way or public street abutting a property line of the property on which the structure exists.

INFILL

Construction of a completely new structure on a previously vacant lot.

MAINTENANCE

Work that does not alter the exterior fabric or features of a site or structure and has no material effect on the historical, archaeological, or architectural or cultural significance of the site or structure.

MAINTENANCE/REPAIR

Ordinary repairs and maintenance, including design, materials, features or finishes of a structure which do not alter the exterior appearance of the structure and have no material effect on the historical, archaeological or architectural significance of the structure. Paint color is included in this definition regardless of the effect on exterior appearance.

MASS

Bulk or three-dimensional size of an object.

MASSING

The relationship of the structure's various parts to each other. The combination of several masses to create a structure's volume; organization of the shape of a structure, as differentiated from wall treatment, fenestration, etc.

MAYOR AND CITY COUNCIL

Hereinafter known as "City Council."

NEW CONSTRUCTION

Construction which is characterized by the introduction of new elements, sites, buildings, or structures or additions to existing buildings and structures in the Historic District.

NONCONTRIBUTING STRUCTURE

Structures that do not add to the Historic District's sense of time, place and historic development. Such structures are so designated because they are not listed or pending to become listed on the National Register of Historic Places or do not meet either an architectural test (i.e., compatible with surrounding buildings or represent an architectural style identified with Lewes' history) or longevity test (built on or before December 31, 1940).

ORDER

In architecture, "order" refers to the arrangement and relationships of the parts of a building.

OUTBUILDING

A term used to refer to all structures on a site, including any accessory structure.

PRESERVATION

Actions taken to prevent or keep a structure from decay or degradation.

RECONSTRUCTION

The process of reproducing, by new construction, the exact form and detail of a vanished structure, or part thereof, as it appeared at a specific period of time.

REHABILITATION

The act or process of returning a property or building to usable condition through repair, renovation, and/or preservation of its features which are significant to its historical, architectural, and cultural values.

RENOVATION

Any activity requiring a building permit, the approval of the Lewes Building Official, and/or any change in the exterior appearance (other than maintenance) or structural change, including but not limited to construction, reconstruction, modification, alteration, moving or demolition of a structure within the Historic District of the City of Lewes.

REPAIR

The process of rehabilitation which warrants additional work beyond simple maintenance. "Repair" includes patching, piecing in, splicing, consolidating or otherwise reinforcing materials according to recognized preservation methods.

RESIDENTIAL STRUCTURE

Any structure or site currently used primarily for residential living.

RHYTHM

The rhythm of a structure and its components is the spacing or repetition of architectural elements or details. The regularity, frequency and placement of doors, windows, porches and ramps and their placement within a facade is a type of rhythm. Rhythm between adjoining structures can exist when building types are repeated along a streetscape.

SCALE

"Scale" is the relationship of the architectural mass of the structure in the context of the streetscape. "Scale" may be thought of as the relationship of the parts to a whole. "Scale" in architecture is a measure of the relative or apparent size of a building or building component in relation to a known unit of measure or a familiar size for such a component.

SITE DEVELOPMENT PLAN

A properly certified plan, prepared by a land surveyor registered with the State of Delaware Board of Professional Land Surveyors or by a professional engineer registered with the Delaware Association of Professional Engineers, describing how a property will appear if the proposed development application is approved, including detailed drawings of proposed improvements. A site development plan shall conform to the specific requirements outlined in this chapter.

SKETCH PLAN

An informal plan, not necessarily to exact scale, indicating topographic and other salient existing features of a tract and its surroundings and general layout of the proposed subdivision or land development.

STREETSCAPE

The visual appearance of a street formed by the location and size of buildings, walkways, and other facilities.

STRUCTURE

A combination of materials to form a construction for use, occupancy, or ornamentation, including but not limited to buildings, any accessory dwelling unit, sheds, outbuildings, fences, storage tanks, signs, bulkheads jetties, groins, whether installed on, above, or below the surface of land or water.

[Amended 9-9-2024]

WINDOW

Windows have two main components, the frame and the sash. The frame is the outermost area, or casing of the window, and inside it are the sash and the glass. Historic windows have specific details and proportions. Windows are among the most noticeable and recognizable features of a building. They are the means for providing air and light into a building. Significant characteristics of a window include their materials, shape, pane arrangement, moldings, and hoods. In terms of a review, all parts of a window will be taken into consideration including the frame, crown, head, glass, grilles, muntin/mullion, stiles, sash, jamb, rails, sill and apron.

§ 197-57 Jurisdiction and procedures.

A. Jurisdiction.

(1) The Historic Preservation Architectural Review Commission shall have jurisdiction over all structures in the City of Lewes except as stated in Subsection A(2). This jurisdiction includes all existing and new structures (including structures that have been or are proposed to be relocated) and encompass development, development plans, construction, alteration, renovation, modification, building remodeling and any other changes that may be made to a structure.

(2) [1]The Historic Preservation and Architectural Review Commission shall not have jurisdiction over:

(a) Residential structures and associated outbuildings located outside the Historic District or not otherwise defined as historic properties;

(b) Any aspect of the design or construction of the interior of structures that will not alter the exterior appearance of the structure;

(c) Repair and or replacement of existing windows and doors using the same material, including the installation of storm windows that will not alter the exterior appearance of the structure;

(d) Maintenance, repair and/or replacement of existing roof material, involving no change in the design, scale, material, or appearance of the structure;

(e) Repair and/or replacement of roof structures such as cupolas, dormers, and chimneys, using the same material that will not alter the exterior appearance of the structure;

(f) Repairs and/or replacement of existing shingles, clapboards, or other siding, using the same materials, and maintaining the exterior appearance of the structure;

(g) Replacement or repairs to existing shutters, fences, or retaining walls, using the same materials for those items being repaired or replaced;

[Amended 7-10-2023]

(h) Repainting or change of paint color, except when required as part of a plan application;

[Amended 7-10-2023]

(i) Outdoor museum exhibitions that comply with the requirements of Article IV; or

[Added 3-14-2022; amended 7-10-2023]

(j) Commercial and industrial structures and associated outbuildings located outside the Historic District or not otherwise defined as historic properties.

[Added 7-10-2023]

[1] Editor's Note: Former Subsection A(2), regarding participation in a joint ad-hoc site development plan review committee, was repealed 7-10-2023. This ordinance also redesignated former Subsection A(3) as Subsection A(2).

B. Procedures.

(1) Application and approval procedures.

[Amended 5-23-2022]

(a) Applicants must contact the Building Official or their designee to review the application process prior to preparing a building application;

(b) After coordinating with a building official or their designee, the applicant shall proceed with submitting an application form as described by the Building Official or their designee;

(c) Following submission of an application, the Building Official or their designee will advise the applicant on the review process; depending on the type of proposal and its location, a proposal would be reviewed as follows:

[1] Any project located within the Historic District or defined as an historic property shall be subject to the Historic District or properties review process under this section.

[2] Any land development project that requires review and approval as defined by the Site Plan Review process, under Article V of the Subdivision and Land Development Ordinance.[2]

[2] Editor's Note: See Ch. 170, Art. V.

§ 197-58 Historic District or properties review process.

A. For projects located in the Historic District or defined as an historic property, the Building Official shall notify the applicant that his/her project must be approved by HPARC using the procedures in this section and shall give him/her an HPARC application and a brochure describing the application process.

B. For the initial application, the applicant shall complete the application form and attach the required supporting documents. An application is deemed complete when all required items have been submitted. After the review process is completed, the Building Official will retain two copies of the application for City records. When the application is for demolition of all or part of a structure, a report from a licensed professional engineer is strongly recommended.

C. HPARC will meet at regular intervals to ensure timely consideration of all applications pending before the Commission. Completed applications submitted to the Building Official two weeks (10 working days) prior to a regular scheduled meeting will be heard at that next scheduled meeting. Applicants or their designee must attend the HPARC meeting at the time their application(s) is heard.

D. HPARC shall endeavor to arrive at a decision at the first meeting at which the application is presented; however, if the Commission decides that it needs more information or time in which to make a decision, it shall either place the application on the agenda for the next meeting or schedule a special meeting. HPARC shall grant or deny the application as expeditiously as possible, but in no event later than the second meeting at which the application is on the agenda and the applicant appears, except when the application is for demolition (below); failure to act within said time frame shall be deemed to be approval of the application as submitted; however, an extension may be granted if agreed to by both the applicant and the Commission.

(1) If an applicant or a member of the public has information, evidence or testimony that contradicts the current designation of contributing or noncontributing or has information about the history or other information that could materially affect the decisionmaking process of Commission members, HPARC shall consider that information, evidence or testimony before addressing the application.

(2) If the members of the Commission, by vote of the Commission, determine that additional time is needed to digest the new information, the decision will be postponed for one meeting, and the requirement for a decision at the end of the second meeting at which the application is considered shall be suspended.

E. If, after review of the application by the Building Official, he/she determines that the proposed activity will require a variance, the Building Official shall notify the applicant and provide information on the process for application to the Board of Adjustment. If no application to the Board of Adjustment is made by the applicant within 30 days after notice has been given by the Building Official, the application shall be deemed to have been withdrawn. However, if the applicant desires to have HPARC review an application prior to applying to the Board of Adjustment, the applicant shall request the Building Official to forward the application to HPARC.

F. HPARC may either grant approval, grant approval with conditions, or deny the application. A denial shall include the reasons that the proposal does not meet the criteria in § 197-59, Criteria; standards (below). The applicant shall have the opportunity to resubmit his/her application with modifications; such resubmissions shall meet the same requirements as the original. If the second submission of the application is denied, the applicant may either modify the application for another submission or appeal the denial to the Board of Adjustment. In no event may HPARC make recommendations for changes that will require violation of other requirements of this chapter, except as noted in § 197-59B(9).

[Amended 10-11-2021]

G. Written notice of the decision of HPARC will be forwarded promptly by the Commission to the applicant and to the Building Official. The notice will inform the applicant to meet with the Building Official to complete the application for a building permit. Approval shall be valid for one year for the approved project; if the project is commenced but not completed before the end of that period, the owner shall apply to the Building Official for an extension that may not exceed an additional period of one year.

H. Changes to an HPARC-approved project prior or during construction shall require review and approval by HPARC. For such changes, the applicant shall submit one copy of the original application and a description of the proposed changes as well as any supporting documentation to illustrate the effect or no effect of such proposed changes. Consideration of such changes shall be placed at the top of HPARC's agenda at the next regularly scheduled meeting or may be considered for approval by a Chair/staff review.

I. Demolition or removal. If the structure or any part thereof is deemed to be "contributing" and therefore has historic and/or architectural significance, no demolition or removal of the structure from the premises may take place until after a public hearing. Presentation and approval of an application for construction, renovation, alteration, or reconstruction at the property shall be required prior to the approval to move and/or demolish the structure. Efforts may be taken to either mitigate or to eliminate the demolition or removal through informal discussions among the applicant, the Chair of HPARC, and the City Building Official. In addition, HPARC may delay its final decision for up to an additional 60 days over and above the usual two-meeting requirement for a decision in order to obtain an independent opinion from a licensed professional engineer regarding the structural integrity of the property. A final decision on demolition or removal must be rendered no later than 120 days after the initial application unless delayed by federal, state or local holidays, severe weather or other natural disasters, emergencies, or unless an extension is agreed to by the applicant and HPARC. If the structure is noncontributing, HPARC may address the application for demolition or removal without a hearing.

J. Interior features. HPARC shall consider only exterior features and shall not consider interior arrangements except to the extent that an interior alteration affecting the exterior is required by law or disability of owner or tenant.

K. Designation of historic properties. Owners of property outside the boundaries of the Historic District may request his/her/their property be designated an historic property. Before any such designation may be assigned, specific procedures, information required, and recordation procedures and requirements shall have been determined. Such procedures shall include reference to the guidelines of the United States Department of the Interior (see HPARC bylaws and procedures).

L. Appeals. Any person aggrieved by a decision rendered by HPARC, except pursuant to § 170-33E, regarding site development plan appeal, shall have the right to appeal to the Board of Adjustment of the City of Lewes.

[Amended 5-23-2022]

M. Chair/staff review. In certain circumstances, the HPARC Chairman (or HPARC commissioner appointed by the Chairman), Building Official, and the Assistant Building Official may decide to approve an HPARC application without a formal hearing. A Chair/staff review shall be used for routine and minor Historic District construction applications whose costs are estimated at less than $50,000. The requests may include such items as the addition or replacement of fences, window replacements, and other projects where HPARC (or its predecessors, the Commercial Architecture Review Commission or the Historic Preservation Commission) has a history of approving similar projects using the same materials.

N. Financial hardship.

(1) Purpose. Preservation of structures in its Historic District is very important to the citizens of Lewes. The Commission may, however, in exceptional circumstances, grant reasonable relief from compliance with the Lewes Historic Preservation Ordinance to applicants demonstrating financial hardship through reliable evidence.

(2) Burden of proof for financial hardship claims. The burden of submitting competent, credible evidence of financial hardship and of proving financial hardship rests with the applicant.

(3) Eligibility criteria. To determine financial hardship, the Commission will apply a two-step process. First, using the applicant's gross annual income, as reported on the applicant's two previous federal income tax returns, the Commission will apply the current United States Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) Section 8 income limits for Sussex County. Depending on whether the applicant qualifies as an individual or as part of a family, the applicant's individual or family gross annual income must be no more than 50% of HUD's Sussex County's median income in both of the two previous years to qualify for relief from the Historic Preservation Ordinance. Second, if an applicant qualifies for relief under the gross annual income standard, the applicant must submit a statement of individual or family net worth (form to be provided) which the Commission will review to make a final determination of financial hardship. In exceptional cases, however, the Commission may consider financial hardship claims from applicants who do not meet either or both criteria.

(4) Submission. After applying for a building permit, the applicant shall submit a completed confidential City application (form to be provided) for financial hardship to the Building Official along with the HPARC application.

(5) Additional submission requirements. In addition to submission of the applicant's two previous federal income tax returns and statement of net worth, the applicant must submit:

(a) Cost estimates for the proposed project.

(b) A written explanation of why the applicant cannot financially comply with the historic preservation regulations.

(c) All appraisals of the property obtained within the two years preceding the year of the application by the applicant.

(d) All listings of the structure for sale or rent, including the price asked and offers received, during the current year and two years preceding the year of the application, together with the reasons for not selling or renting the structure.

(e) If multiple parties have rights to ownership of the structure, e.g., multiple heirs, financial information about all such parties shall be submitted. Failure to provide such information may result in denial of the claim.

(f) The form of ownership or operation of the structure (sole proprietorship, for-profit corporation, limited partnership, joint venture, etc.) and financial information for the two years preceding the year of the application for any such entity.

(g) Evidence or a statement of whether the structure under review is the applicant's primary residence.

(h) Any other relevant information requested by the Commission.

(6) The Building Official's office shall evaluate the submission for completeness and shall discuss with the applicant possible methods and materials to achieve the maximum possible compliance with the Historic Preservation Ordinance. The Building Official's office shall submit a recommendation to the Commission concerning possible resolution of the claim for financial hardship, including granting or denying the claim in whole or in part.

(7) Order of Commission review.

(a) The Commission shall hold a hearing to receive public comment prior to the regularly scheduled meeting at which the commission will consider the application in open session. If the specifies of the applicant's financial situation must be further reviewed, the Commission may go into executive session; however, the Commission shall provide a public summary of its deliberations in executive session.

(b) The Commission may request additional financial information and additional information about the cost of compliance with the Historic Preservation Ordinance, particularly if the applicant requests permission to demolish a contributing structure partially or totally.

(c) The Commission shall consider any evidence of self-created financial hardship.

(d) The Commission shall consider financial resources available to the applicant through federal, state, municipal, or private programs.

(e) The Commission shall consider the significance of a contributing structure in terms of its prominence in City history, its age, its significance to streetscape and nearby contributing structures, and any other factors relevant to the structure as the Commission deems appropriate.

(f) The Commission shall consider whether the proposed work will have irreversible effects on the structure.

(g) The Commission may approve or deny the application for financial hardship or approve the application with conditions. The Commission shall recognize the applicant's needs and resources, while basing its decisions on historical, architectural, aesthetic, and legal considerations as set forth in § 197-59. The Commission may work with the applicant to find the most cost-effective design solution that will promote achieving the purpose and the intent of the requirements of this article. Although not required, the HPARC will attempt to arrive at a financial hardship application decision in one meeting.

(h) A determination of financial hardship shall be applicable to the proposed project application pending before the Commission and does not automatically extend to additional applications for the alteration of the structure.

(i) A determination of financial hardship under this section is applicable to the property owner(s) and does not run with the property. Any change in ownership of the property voids a determination of financial hardship and it is the responsibility of the applicant to notify the Building Official's office of any change in ownership. The right of any new owner(s) to apply for a financial hardship exception shall be without prejudice.

(j) Approval of an application for financial hardship shall be valid for one year.

§ 197-59 Historic District or properties criteria; standards.

A. Criteria. In reviewing the plans for any construction, change, or demolition, HPARC shall give consideration to:

(1) Historic or architectural value and significance of the structure and its relationship to the historic, social and cultural value of the surrounding area.

[Amended 7-10-2023]

(2) Relationship of the exterior architectural features of the structure to the remainder of the structure and to the surrounding neighborhood. Distinctive stylistic features or examples of skilled craftsmanship shall be preserved, if possible.

(3) General compatibility of exterior design, arrangement, texture and materials proposed to be used with other structures contributing to the established character of the Historic District of Lewes and in particular the character of the immediate area.

[Amended 7-10-2023]

(4) When application is made to demolish a structure or any part thereof, the impact of its removal from the area in which it is located, and its structural condition and the economic feasibility of alternatives to the proposed demolition and cultural significance of the structure.

[Amended 7-10-2023]

(5) When application is made to move an historic structure, the potential loss of history to its original site and to the Historic District as a whole, and the reasons for not keeping the structure at its present location.

(6) The effect of the structure on the health, safety and general welfare of the City.

(7) Other factors that HPARC deems to be pertinent, consistent with the City Code, include the following:

(a) Facade treatment. The exterior features of all buildings should be visually and physically compatible with those facades surrounding them.

(b) Height. New and renovated structures should be in harmony with the streetscape.

(c) Proportion. The relationship between the width and height of the front elevation of a structure should be compatible to adjacent structures. Proportion is also the relationship of the different elements of the building itself, including but not limited to additions, porches, windows, and doors.

(d) Rhythm. The rhythm of the streetscape and building with its components should be considered as one of the criteria.

(e) Scale. Since the scale of the City of Lewes is intimate in nature, any building contrary to that of the streetscape will be deemed to be out of place.

(8) When owners of structures in the Historic District that have been or are designated as "noncontributing" make application to the HPARC for approval for alteration or demolition, the HPARC evaluation shall be based on the potential impact on the streetscape setting of the property, rather than the potential impact on the property itself. When owners of structures in the Historic District designated as "contributing structures" make application to the HPARC for alteration or demolition, preserving the property will be the HPARC's primary criterion in evaluating the application. The applicant shall have the burden of demonstrating that the alteration or demolition of the structure meets the purpose of this article and/or addresses the health, safety, and welfare of the immediate area. HPARC may require the applicant to submit both financial and construction details in support of any proposed demolition.

[Amended 7-10-2023]

(9) A proposed new structure or any alteration to an existing structure or historic property shall conform to the City Code, except as noted in § 197-59B(9). However, it is the intent of the HPARC, consistent with its purpose (§ 197-56A) to assist in preserving the historic character and the historic fabric of the City of Lewes, to work in conjunction with applicants to arrive at the most desirable and appropriate outcome of their application to maintain harmony within the streetscape. To this end, HPARC may focus on height, rhythm, scale and proportion as issues that the applicant will be asked to consider and, when appropriate, to alter their plan and/or design.

[Amended 10-11-2021]

(10) The current or future color of a structure or any part of the exterior of a structure in the Historic District shall be reviewed by HPARC for the purpose of ensuring historic character.

(11) The HPARC shall not deny the addition of items such as solar panels or other inventions that are designed to generate or conserve energy except to designate reasonable alternative design and/or placement.

(12) The HPARC shall not deny any reasonable accommodation for a disability, compatible with this chapter; however, the HPARC may suggest reasonable alternative design and/or placement.

(13) The HPARC shall take efforts to safeguard and enhance the historic heritage of the City by preserving the elements which reflect the cultural, social, economic, political, architectural history or combination thereof of the City.

[Added 7-10-2023]

(14) The HPARC shall provide an equitable review of applications regarding demolition, renovation or both to recognize the cultural history of the City.

[Added 7-10-2023]

B. Standards. The following standards shall be used by the HPARC in preserving the district's architectural integrity and insuring the compatibility of new construction and alterations with the existing body of distinctive Lewes historic building styles. All materials used shall be consistent with and appropriate in design, texture and other visual qualities to the style and period of the structure. Standards include the Secretary of the Interior's Standards for the Treatment of Historic Properties, with Guidelines for Preserving, Rehabilitating, Restoring and Reconstructing Historic Buildings.

[Amended 10-11-2021]

(1) Roofs, pitch, dormers and types. The roof and pitch of the roof shall be in keeping with traditional roof types and styles in use in Lewes in new structures and alterations.

(a) The roof types traditionally found in Lewes include:

[1] Gable, including such variations as the "clipped gable" and the "saltbox";

[2] Gambrel or "barn roof";

[3] A traditionally framed mansard with dormers incorporated into the roof design; and

[4] Hip, including variations on hip roofs such as "gable on hip."

(b) Any of these traditional roof types is acceptable without the need to duplicate the predominant roof type of a specific neighborhood since part of the charm of the Lewes streetscape lies in the variation of roof styles and pitches within these basic roof types. Modern variations of these roof types that clearly bear no resemblance to the traditional styles and pitches will not be approved. (Reference Drawings Nos. 1, 2 and 3.)

(2) Roofing materials. Acceptable materials include wood, slate, metal, asphalts, and fiberglass shingles. Repair materials shall be compatible with the existing roofing material. When a flat roof is otherwise consistent with the design criteria established in this article, i.e., porches, decks, widow's walks or cupolas, then rubber membrane or similar material may be used.

(3) Siding materials.

(a) By definition, contributing structures demonstrate unique and desirable design and materials that define the Lewes Historic District. Therefore, contributing structures shall be held to a higher standard than noncontributing structures and buildings.

(b) All reasonable efforts shall be made to preserve the original siding and materials of a contributing structure.

(c) If the HPARC determines that it is reasonable for original siding to be replaced (either partially or completely) on a contributing structure, the HPARC strongly recommends that natural materials of the same type and appearance be used to replace original siding and materials. The HPARC may approve wood shingles, horizontal clapboard siding, vertical board-and-batten, and brick, stone, or stucco for siding replacement and repairs for contributing structures.

(d) Natural materials matching or substantially similar to the original siding shall be used on the front elevations of contributing structures.

(e) While natural materials on all applications and elevations of a contributing structure are strongly recommended, the HPARC may approve the use of fiber cement siding and other appropriate modern siding material on side and rear elevations of contributing structures. Any fiber cement siding or other appropriate modern material shall be consistent with original siding in profile, reveal, appearance, design, and texture. The smooth, not the textured, side of fiber cement siding or other appropriate modern material shall be used.

(f) Regardless of the type of replacement siding material used, replacement siding must be consistent in appearance and style with the original materials or with the period of significance to which the structure or building is being restored.

(g) No vinyl or aluminum or other metal material may be used as replacement siding on any contributing or noncontributing structure unless it is demonstrated by the applicant that vinyl or aluminum or other metal material was originally used for the structure. No vinyl or aluminum or other metal siding material may be used in the construction of any addition to an existing contributing or noncontributing structure unless vinyl or aluminum or other metal material was originally used for the structure and is currently in use on the structure.

(h) No vinyl or aluminum or other metal siding material may be used in the construction of any new noncontributing structure.

(4) Foundation material. The traditional type of foundation in use in the Lewes Historic District is brick or ballast stone. The use of brick, or a brick veneer over a block foundation, is strongly recommended. Other acceptable materials are natural stone and parging (stucco) sufficient to disguise the block joints.

(5) Chimney styles and materials. Chimneys in public view should be of brick or pargeting (stucco). Metal chimneys are acceptable for use in nonpublic view.

(6) Porches. All materials shall be consistent with and appropriate in design, texture and other visual qualities to the style and period of the structure. Vinyl or aluminum or other metal railings and trim are prohibited; provided, however, that if such vinyl or aluminum or other metal railings and trim exist on a contributing or noncontributing structure, it may continue but cannot be used on a new noncontributing structure in the Historic District. If a porch is to be included in new construction or alteration, it shall adhere to the height line and average depth of other porches in the surrounding neighborhood. When existing structures with traditional porches, either one- or two-story, are renovated, owners are encouraged to preserve both the porch and its architectural detailing. An open porch in public view that encroaches into the setback shall not be converted into living space. Areas under porches or decks shall not be open to view.

(7) Windows.

(a) Restoration. If the windows are original to the historic contributing structure, every reasonable effort shall be made to rehabilitate rather than replace them. Repair materials shall duplicate the old in composition, design, and texture, and shall match as closely as possible the existing historic window elements.

(b) Replacement. In the event the original historic windows cannot be restored, every reasonable effort shall be made to replace them in kind using the same sash and pane configuration. The replacement sash shall fit the window opening and not noticeably change the character-defining components of the original window, including the depth of the sill and reveal, mullion profile and configuration, appearance of the frame, reflective qualities of the glass panes, exterior trim, and other design details.

(c) New construction. New structures in the historic district and alterations to existing historic structures shall have windows compatible with existing and surrounding structures.

(8) Architectural details. The term "architectural details" applies to such building features as window and door trim styles, cornices, ornamental brackets, porch and entrance balustrades, porch pillars, corner pilasters, gable peak ornamentation, lattice work, traditional paneled and louvered wooden shutters and similar details. If consistent with the period, shutters added to a structure shall present the appearance of working shutters, i.e., set out from the siding surface, covering the window casing, and of proper size and proportion in relation to the window. Decorative shutters should not be installed on a building unless there is clear evidence that such decorative shutters were used at some point in the structure's period of significance. The applicant is encouraged to extend the design motif of the existing structure to any addition, and in the case of alteration of an existing structure, the architectural details on the exterior shall be preserved (Reference Drawings Nos. 5 and 6).

(9) Walls, fences and gates. Materials shall be of a type compatible with the architecture of the Historic District and historic properties. Chain link, vinyl, and concrete block are prohibited. Height may exceed dimensional standards (§ 197-54) to ensure consistency with the Secretary of the Interior's Standards for the Treatment of Historic Properties.

(10) Garages.

(a) General. The standards in this section for the design, location, and orientation of garages will help to maintain the character of the Lewes Historic District. Homes built before 1900 typically had carriage houses to house horses, carriages, and related items. When co-located with a home, carriage houses were nearly always detached from the home and located as far as possible from the home towards the rear of the lot. Garages were not introduced until the early 20th Century when automobiles became prevalent.

(b) Design. As stated in the Secretary of Interior's standards, new construction such as detached garages must blend with the historic building in terms of rhythm, massing and scale, but it should be clear that they are modern additions. Garages also should be consistent with the style and period of the home. Design elements intended to hide or disguise overhead and rolling doors are encouraged.

(c) Location and orientation.

[1] Detached garages. A garage should be detached and located towards the rear of the property.

[2] Attached garages. If a detached garage is not possible because of setback requirements, physical constraints on the lot, lack of lot size, or other design factors, an attached garage may be approved. The proposed design should be distinct from and less prominent than the dwelling. If the home is on the corner of two streets, an attached garage should be accessed and oriented towards the secondary street. Attached garages should not face the same street as the home. Exceptions will be considered for contributing homes built in the 20th Century, infill, and noncontributing homes where the applicant demonstrates that the garage cannot practically face any direction other than the same street as the home. An attached garage facing the same street as the home will only be approved in rare and exceptional cases of demonstrated substantial hardship. The applicant must demonstrate the hardship with supporting documentation for the HPARC to consider the approval.

(11) Nonresidential and multifamily residential buildings.

(a) Large mechanical equipment or other utility hardware on the roof, ground or buildings shall be screened from public view with materials harmonious to the building;

(b) Exterior lighting shall be part of the architectural concept. Fixtures, standards and all exposed accessories shall be harmonious with the building design;

(c) Refuse and waste removal areas, service yards, storage area, yards and exterior work areas shall be screened from public view with materials harmonious with the building;

(d) Minimize the public view of large parking areas and service facilities; provide a continuous edge along the street;

(e) Visually enclose and define public street space that is comfortable to pedestrians in proportion and scale;

(f) Design and place buildings in order to preserve and enhance special street views. In particular, views of important buildings and natural features, focal points at T-intersections and views along curbs and roadways should be encouraged;

(g) Position new buildings to insure the adjacent properties have visual privacy and sunlight as well as protection from the new development's site illumination, noise and odor;

(h) Design landscaping and buildings adjacent to historic properties that are complementary to the significant historical features;

(i) Design and position buildings to screen unsightly elements, such as shipping and loading areas, transformers, dumpsters and meters from public view;

(j) Design the building roof to screen mechanical equipment from view and contribute to an attractive visual setting; and

(k) Design the building to ensure adequate blending of the storm drainage requirement with the local environment.