Article III Road Specifications

Approved construction plans.

Approved subdivision plat.

Chapter 89, Streets and Sidewalks, of the Town of Lloyd Town Code.

Stormwater management plan, together with all permits.

Construction agreement as accepted by the Town Board.

Approved shop drawings and other submissions and test reports as approved by the Town Highway Superintendent.

§ 89-14 Preparation and submission of street plan.

Any other documents deemed necessary by the Town Highway Department and the Town Attorney.

§ 89-13 Dedication of roads.

[Amended 3-18-1987 by L.L. No. 3-1987]

The developer's irrevocable offer of cession of roads and easements, warranty deed and supporting forms for filing in the County Clerk's office, along with releases from all mortgages and other encumbrances and any drainage or other easements, offer of dedication, proposed Town Board resolution of consent and the Town Highway Superintendent's order laying out the proposed road as a public highway must be deposited with the Attorney for the Town of Lloyd prior to the Planning Board Chairman's signing of any subdivision map, along with the performance bond specified hereinafter.

[Amended 9-19-1990 by L.L. No. 6-1990]

Dedication of the roadway right-of-way, along with any requisite and/or adjoining drainage structures and bridges and/or utility rights-of-ways or easements, will not be accepted until the developer's professional engineer, the Town Superintendent of Highways and the Town Highway Engineer have certified, on the Town's form, to the Town Board that the construction of the road or roads, together with all improvements made thereon, has been completed in accordance with the approved plans and these specifications which follow, and that all such improvements have been properly documented on a legible as-built survey drawing, as certified by the developer's New York State licensed professional engineer or land surveyor.

[Amended 4-18-2012 by L.L. No. 7-2012]

Such roadway must be granted to the Town by a full covenant and warranty deed containing the correct metes and bounds description shown on said map, which deed must be in such form as may be required to entitle the same to be recorded in the office of the County Clerk of Ulster County, and the filing fees must be paid by the applicant.

The Planning Board is authorized to direct that any specific road, street or highway shown on a proposed plat be public or private and in the exercise of the public welfare, may place reasonable conditions on the approval of any such road, street or highway, even those intended to be private and not dedicated to or maintained by the Town of Lloyd.

[Added 9-19-1990 by L.L. No. 6-1990; amended 4-18-2012 by L.L. No. 7-2012]

The plan of the proposed street shall be prepared by a qualified engineer properly licensed by the State of New York. The plan shall clearly define the limits of the proposed right-of-way and shall include the location, widths, profiles and grades of proposed roadways, storm drainage, including culverts and other drainage structures, and the location of easements and utilities. The plan shall be submitted to the Town Superintendent of Highways and Town Engineer, and to the Ulster County Commissioner of Public Works or the New York State Department of Transportation when any street drains toward or may otherwise affect a county or state highway, and to the Town Planning Board for review and approval under the applicable subdivision regulations of the Town. Such plans so submitted shall not be altered or amended after having been approved by the Planning Board, unless amended plans are resubmitted and approved as above. However, the developer shall, at his own expense, provide additional storm drainage structures or other facilities as may be ordered by the Town Superintendent of Highways if, during the progress of the work, in the opinion of the Town Superintendent of Highways, the Town Engineer and/or the Commissioner of Public Works, such additional drainage structures or facilities are necessary to assure the durability of pavement, the future maintenance of the right-of-way or the welfare or safety of the public.

If construction has not been started within one year from the date of final approval by the Town Planning Board, plans shall be resubmitted and approved as above by the Town Superintendent of Highways.

§ 89-15 Performance bond.

[Amended 9-19-1990 by L.L. No. 6-1990; 10-12-2011 by L.L. No. 7-2011]

Prior to signing of any subdivision or commercial plan or map by the Town Planning Board Chairman, or prior to the start of any construction, and as a guaranty for the performance of the requirements of this section of any new road, street, utility, stormwater control facility, or of any improvements to any Town street, and as a guaranty of timely completion of the work being bonded, the developer shall deposit with the Town a written security agreement whereby the developer agrees to construct the improvements, such agreement to be approved by the Town Board and, as to form, by the Town Attorney, along with security for the developer's performance. Security shall be in the form of: (i) a performance bond of an acceptable surety company; (ii) bonds of the United States of America; (iii) an irrevocable letter of credit from a bank located and authorized to do business in New York State; (iv) the deposit of funds in an account or certificate of deposit issued by a bank or trust company located in and authorized to do business in New York State; such account must be assigned to the Town; or (v) any obligations fully guaranteed as to interest and principal by the United States of America, having a market value at least equal to the full cost of the improvements. Any such security shall be delivered to the Town or held in a Town account at a bank or trust company. The security agreements shall provide:

That the developer will commence with the work to construct the improvements within six weeks upon depositing the acceptable security with the Town;

That the developer will continue with the work, continuously without cessation or unreasonable delay, in constructing the improvements, particularly between March 15 and November 15 of each year;

That within two years of the signing of the subdivision or commercial plan, the developer will complete the construction of all required improvements, as required by law, and in accordance with the approved plans and specifications. The time for completion may be shorter if a developer elects to complete the improvements in phases. See Town Code § 90-4D(8);

If streets are to be dedicated to the Town, that, upon certification by the developer's professional engineer and by the Town Superintendent of Highways that the construction of the street, utilities and required stormwater control facilities have been completed in accordance with the approved plans and specifications, the developer will dedicate the completed street to the Town for use as a public highway free and clear of all liens and encumbrances. This guaranty of dedication shall apply to the owner of the property as well as the developer, where the two are not synonymous;

That, upon the developer's failure to construct the required improvements as required by the terms of the security agreement, including, without limitation, the developer's cessation of construction without Town approval, the Town Board may declare the security agreement to be in default and take the security posted and construct the improvements so secured but only to the extent of the available funds. The Town is not obligated to complete all subdivision work unless the owners of lots provide additional funds. The Town may restrict the issuance of building permits, in its discretion, in such circumstances.

The minimum total amount of the posted security shall be determined by the Town Engineer by applying the quantities or dimensions shown on the approved plan at the rates per unit as established by the schedule of rates adopted by resolution and amended by the Town Board from time to time by resolution.

The security agreement shall be for such term as determined by the Planning Board, up to three years, but may be extended by the Planning Board upon agreement of all parties, including the surety, if applicable.

§ 89-16 Insurance.

Prior to the commencement of construction and throughout the same period of the maintenance bond and until the final acceptance by the Town of any proposed street, the developer shall file with the Town Clerk evidence that he has taken out an insurance policy in the amount of $500,000/$1,000,000 for public liability and $300,000 for property damage, naming as additional insured the Town Board and/or the Town Highway Department and/or the Town Superintendent of Highways. This insurance policy shall be in full effect until the date of acceptance of the dedication of the street by the Town Board, or the date of approval by the Highway Superintendent if it is a private road.

[Amended 4-18-2012 by L.L. No. 7-2012]

The purpose of this requirement for insurance is to protect and defend the Town against any claims which may arise because of the operations of the developer or of possible defects in work performed by him.

Subsequent to the acceptance of the dedication of the street and after receipt of the maintenance bond and evidence of insurance by the Town, the Town Board shall release the performance bond.

§ 89-17 Classification of streets.

General.

The Town Planning Board shall determine and designate into which of the following classifications each proposed subdivision street falls on the basis of one or more of the criteria hereinafter set forth:

[Amended 9-19-1990 by L.L. No. 6-1990]

Major roads.

Collector/commercial roads.

Local residential roads.

Rural roadways.

Private roadways.

[Amended 1-10-2007 by L.L. No. 2-2007]

Final plans shall be drawn to scale, and the developer shall construct each street in accordance with the particular specifications for its designated classification as also hereinafter set forth as well as in accordance with the specifications common to all classifications.

Determining criteria.

Major roads.

The proposed street is the direct and logical continuation of a street that carried 500 or more cars during a twelve-hour period as shown on the latest traffic count.

The proposed street creates a shorter and more convenient through traffic artery so that it can be reasonably expected that traffic will be diverted from other major streets to such an extent that it will reach at least 500 cars in 12 hours two years after opening.

The proposed street could logically be expected to become a major street because of future construction or other foreseeable circumstances.

Commercial roads.

The proposed street is in an area zoned for commerce or industry.

The proposed street is on or so close to the dividing line between a residential and a commercial or industrial area that it may reasonably be expected to carry a substantial volume of commercial or industrial traffic.

The proposed street creates a shorter and more convenient route between a commercial or industrial area and a major traffic artery.

The proposed street for any other reason may be expected to carry a substantial volume of commercial or industrial traffic.

Local residential roads. (NOTE: This classification is intended to cover the majority of subdivision streets.)

The proposed street shall not be or be reasonably expected to become a through, commercial or industrial street.

The proposed street shall be a dead-end, loop or other minor street within a development.

The proposed street is not or cannot reasonably be expected to become a continuation or extension of a street of one of the two above-described classifications. Should such be the case, the proposed street shall take the classification of the street of which it is a continuation or extension.

The proposed street does not or cannot reasonably be expected to carry a substantial volume of traffic.

Rural roadways. This classification is intended to cover a minority of exceptional subdivision streets characterized by very low volume, rural highway use within a subdivision having no more than 20 lots with an average lot size of two acres or more, but no lot shall be less than 1.75 acres. Such roadway shall be allowed only on permanent dead-end roads and such other situations where the Planning Board deems it appropriate.

[Added 9-19-1990 by L.L. No. 6-1990]

Traffic composition shall consist of passenger vehicles with proper consideration given for emergency vehicle access.

Design speed shall be 30 miles per hour.

Private roads. Private multiple-use driveways shall now be classified as private roadways and shall be constructed in accordance with the standards for rural roadways as specified herein. All lots and properties served by a private roadway shall have easements and cross-easements for ingress and egress and a maintenance agreement, signed and recorded in the County Clerk's office, defining the rights and responsibilities of the lot and property owners and approved by the Planning Board, prohibiting parking on the private roadway easement and incorporating other standards acceptable to the Planning Board, the Fire Department and its attorneys.

[Added 9-19-1990 by L.L. No. 6-1990; amended 1-10-2007 by L.L. No. 2-2007]

§ 89-18 Construction specifications.

The figures at the end of this chapter show cross-sections of the classifications of subdivision streets and private roads. These give the required design, dimensions and construction details.

[Amended 9-19-1990 by L.L. No. 6-1990; 1-10-2007 by L.L. No. 2-2007]

The tables below are comparative summary sheets which list the major items of construction for all types of streets and may be useful as a checklist of requirements. Thereafter are set forth the general and more detailed specifications for design and construction applicable to all streets. The developer shall design and construct streets which shall conform to both the specific and the general specifications.

[Amended 9-19-1990 by L.L. No. 6-1990]

The following is a summary of road specifications indicating the minimum requirements to be accepted by the Highway Superintendent.

[Amended 9-19-1990 by L.L. No. 6-1990]

TABLE I SUMMARY OF ROAD SPECIFICATIONS [Amended 1-10-2007 by L.L. No. 2-2007]
Requirement	Local Residential	Collector Commercial	Major	Note
Right-of-way width (feet)	50	60	60
Clearing width (feet)	50	60	60
Grading width (feet)	50	60	60
Design speed (miles per hour)	30	30	30
Minimum radius of horizontal curves (feet)	175, except for street intersection corners	300, except for street intersection corners	400
Minimum length of vertical curves (feet)	100, but not less than 20 for each 1% algebraic difference of grade	150, but not less than 30 for each 1% algebraic difference of grade	200, but not less than 30 for each 1% algebraic difference of grade
Minimum length of tangents between reverse curves (feet)	100	200	300
Maximum grade	10%	8%	6%
Minimum grade	0.7%	0.7%	0.7%
Minimum sight distance along road (feet)	200	400	500
Minimum sight distance at intersections	Across corner, 75 feet back from sections corner, as explained in § 89-19O.
Minimum turnaround radius (feet):
Permanent right-of-way	60	60	75
Permanent pavement	50	50	65
Temporary right-of-way	50	50	75
Temporary pavement	45	45	65
Maximum center island radius (feet)	15	15	15
Maximum length of cul-de-sac	6 times the minimum lot width at the building line specified for the zoning district, or as may be increased by the Planning Board in accordance with § A104-23G
Pavement width (feet)
Curbs	26	28	30
No curbs	22	N/A	N/A
Shoulder width, no curbs	6	N/A	NA	(1)
Storm drains	Yes	Yes	Yes
Foundation course thickness (inches)	12	12	12	(2)
Initial pavement	Not required	Not required	3 coats of oil and stone	(3)
Binder course (asphaltic)	3	4	5	(4)
Wearing course (asphaltic concrete) [inches]	2	2	2	(5)
Concrete curbs	See Note (6).	Yes	Yes	(6)
Sidewalks	See Note (7).	Yes	Yes	(7)
Monuments	Yes	Yes	Yes
Street signs	Yes	Yes	Yes
Streetlighting	See Note (8).	Every 300 feet	Every 200 feet	(8)
Pavement marking	No	Yes	Yes	(9)

	NOTES FOR TABLE 1, SUMMARY OF ROAD SPECIFICATIONS:
	N/A — Not applicable.
	(1)	Shoulders are required on both sides of the roadway, six-foot minimum width, each side.
	(2)	If foundation soils are found to be deficient, the thickness of the foundation course may be increased as directed by the Highway Superintendent. Drainage fabric shall be provided over low wet areas prior to placement of foundation course. All low areas are to be adequately drained to mitigate frost heaves within the roadway.
	(3)	For conditions requiring initial coat (armor coat), see § 89-19J of these specifications.
	(4)	Binder course shall conform to NYSDOT 3 hot bituminous concrete plant mix and shall be rolled to the required thickness.
	(5)	Wearing course shall conform to NYSDOT Type 6F hot bituminous concrete plant mix and shall be rolled to the required thickness.
	(6)	Concrete curbs are required in all subdivisions having lots of 1/4 acre or less and in all planned unit development, planned residential development, multifamily, commercial and industrial districts. Trailer parks are excluded.
	(7)	Sidewalks are required in all subdivisions having lots of 1/4 acre or less and in all planned unit development, planned residential development, multifamily, commercial and industrial districts. Trailer parks are excluded.
	(8)	Streetlighting is required at all intersections of roadways. In subdivisions having lots of 1/4 acre or less and in all planned unit development, planned residential development and multifamily districts, lighting is required every 300 feet.
	(9)	Pavement marking shall be yellow reflective paint and shall be placed down the center of the paved roadway in accordance with the directions of the Highway Superintendent, per NYSDOT specifications.
	(10)	Road classification, as indicated on the Town Plan or Official Map or as determined by the Planning Board. Standards are not shown for major roads, as they would be built by the state or county in all probability.
	(11)	The Planning Board reserves the right to modify the above minimum standards to meet specific and unusual conditions.

	TABLE 2 SUMMARY OF RURAL ROAD AND PRIVATE ROAD SPECIFICATIONS [Amended 1-10-2007 by L.L. No. 2-2007]
	Requirement Driveway	Rural Roadway and Private Road
	Right-of-way (feet) (See Note 1.)	50
	Clearing width (feet)	50
	Grading width (feet)	32
	Design speed (miles per hour)	30
	Minimum radius of horizontal curve (feet)	175, except for street intersection corners
	Minimum length of vertical curves (feet)	100, but not less than 20 for each 1% of algebraic difference of grade
	Minimum length of tangents between reverse curves (feet)	100
	Maximum grade (percent)	10
	Minimum grade (percent)	0.7
	Minimum sight distance along road (feet)	200
	Minimum sight distance at intersections	Across corner, 75 feet back from corner, as explained in § 89-19O
	Minimum turnaround radius (feet) (required at dead ends)
	Permanent right-of-way	60
	Permanent pavement	50
	Maximum center island radius (feet)	15
	Maximum length of cul-de-sac	6 times the minimum lot width at the building line specified for the zoning district, or as may be increased by the Planning Board in accordance with § A104-23G, but no longer than 1,250 feet
	Minimum pavement width (feet)	20
	Minimum shoulder width (feet)	4 (See Note 2.)
	Storm drain	Yes
	Foundation course thickness (inches)	12 (See Note 3.)
	Pavement thickness, asphaltic concrete (inches)	3 1/2 (See Note 6)
	Monuments	Yes
	Street signs	Yes
	Streetlighting	(See Note 4.)

	NOTES FOR TABLE 2, SUMMARY OF RURAL ROAD AND PRIVATE ROAD SPECIFICATIONS:
	N/A — Not applicable.
	(1)	The fifty-foot required right-of-way under private roads should not in any case be construed to replace the requirements of § 90-3D, 90-5A(3)(b) and § 100-14 of the Town of Lloyd Code. Private rights-of-ways shall not be counted as part of the lot requirements for residential districts per Chapter 100, Attachment 2, Town of Lloyd Dimensional Table. All lot areas and yard setback requirements shall be computed from the private right-of-way boundary as though it were a public highway. [Amended 4-18-2012 by L.L. No. 7-2012]
	(2)	Shoulders are required on both sides of the roadway. Shoulders shall have adequate surface treatment and drainage for safe passage of emergency vehicles.
	(3)	If foundation soils are found to be deficient, the thickness of the foundation course may be increased as directed by the Highway Superintendent. Drainage fabric shall be provided over low wet areas prior to placement of foundation course. All low areas are to be adequately drained to mitigate frost heaves within the roadway.
	(4)	Streetlighting is required at all intersections of roadways.
	(5)	The Planning Board reserves the right to modify the above minimum standards to meet specific and unusual conditions.
	(6)	Pavement to be two-inch compacted thickness asphalt concrete hot mix, composite type, plus a 1 1/2-inch layer Type 6 asphalt concrete. [Added 1-10-2007 by L.L. No. 2-2007]

§ 89-19 Development of right-of-way.

Layout. The developer shall establish and clearly mark on site the limits of the road right-of-way and easements, the center line and grades of the road pavement and the location and elevation of drainage and drainage structures in accordance with the approved plans. Such markers shall be maintained at the developer's expense until the construction of all required improvements within the right-of-way limits has been completed, inspected and approved by the Town Superintendent of Highways.

Erosion and sediment control; clearing and grubbing.

Prior to the commencement of any work on the site, the developer shall have an approved stormwater pollution prevention plan (SWPPP), consistent with the requirements of Town Code Chapter 55, Stormwater Management and Erosion and Sediment Control.

[Amended 4-12-2006 by L.L. No. 1-2006]

Prior to any clearing and grubbing, the developer shall install the required erosion and sediment control measures that are detailed in the approved SWPPP, which shall include but not be limited to silt barriers or fences, sediment traps, and the like, in order to prevent on-site erosion, damage to properties off site; deposition of silt or debris into established watercourses, streams or waterways; or any other harmful effects on the environment.

The developer shall maintain all required erosion and sediment control measures throughout the construction period, perform all scheduled inspections, and preserve all logs, construction plans and records on site for review by the authorities having jurisdiction. All temporary stormwater and water quality control measures shall be maintained in accordance with the approved SWPPP until all permanent stormwater control and water quality practices are in place, grass areas are well established and paved areas are in place.

A stormwater pollution prevention plan (SWPPP) shall meet the performance and design criteria and standards in Town Code Chapter 55.

All work performed under this article shall be consistent with the provisions of Town Code Chapter 55.

The developer shall clear the entire area within the limits of:

The road right-of-way, exclusive of trees designated by the Town Superintendent of Highways to remain.

Stream channels and ditches.

Easement areas.

All roots and stumps shall be grubbed, excavated and removed from the above areas and shall be properly disposed in accordance with local regulations.

Excavation, filling and rough grading.

The developer shall complete the shaping of the rights-of-way, streams and ditches and easement areas to the line and grade as shown on the approved plan and as otherwise may be directed by the Town Superintendent of Highways. All unsuitable or unstable materials shall be completely excavated and removed from the right-of-way, and all rocks or boulders larger than six inches in diameter shall be excavated at least eight inches below the finished subgrade of road pavement, drainage or drainage structures, curbs and sidewalks.

Where fills are necessary to complete the required line and grade or to backfill trenches or other excavations, the materials incorporated in the work shall be acceptable to the Town Superintendent of Highways and shall be placed in layers not exceeding eight inches in depth, each layer to be thoroughly compacted by rolling with a three-wheel, sheepsfoot, pneumatic-tired or padded-wheel roller or by impact rammer or vibrator equipment in areas inaccessible to power rollers to achieve a maximum density of 95%, modified proctor. All compaction shall continue until the fills are firm and unyielding.

The areas between the shoulder edge and the right-of-way line must be graded and seeded in order to prevent erosion. All slopes, except rock cuts, shall be covered with four inches of topsoil and shall be seeded, mulched or otherwise planted to provide a hardy cover and to prevent erosion.

The rough grade of the road pavement, curb and sidewalk areas shall be completed to within one inch above or below finished subgrade as shown on the approved cross section of the right-of-way improvement.

Earth shoulders and flow line of ditches and gutters shall be maintained in satisfactory condition at the developer's expense at all times during the course of construction of the subdivision and until such time as the Town Board has accepted dedication of the right-of-way.

Excavation, laying and backfilling of buried utilities.

Buried utilities shall be designed and placed in accordance with the standards shown on Figure 9.[1]

Editor's Note: Figure 9 is included at the end of this chapter.

The width of the trench in which the pipe is placed shall be sufficient to permit thorough tamping of the backfill under the haunches and around the pipe. Where rock is encountered in either boulder or ledge formation, it shall be removed below grade and replaced with coarse sand or approved gravel in such a manner as to provide an earth cushion having a thickness under the pipe of not less than six inches. Where soft, spongy or other unstable soil is encountered at the established pipe grade, all such unstable soil under the pipe and for a width of one diameter on each side of the pipe shall be removed and replaced with approved gravel or other acceptable material. In all cases, the bed shall be thoroughly compacted and shall provide a firm foundation for the pipe. Coarse sand or approved gravel fill shall be placed and thoroughly compacted around all buried pipes to 12 inches above the top of the pipe. In no case shall the top of any drainage pipe be less than 30 inches below the finished grade of the pavement, unless authorized by the Town Superintendent of Highways.

Trenches over five feet zero inches in depth shall be properly sheeted or shored to provide safe access to workmen. Sides of trenches may be cut back on a slope (two horizontal to one vertical) when the depth of the trench exceeds five feet zero inches.

Pipe shall be laid to true line and grade on the prepared bed of the trench. Vertical and horizontal separation of utility pipes shall be provided as may be required by the local Health Department or other agency. In no case shall any pipe or lateral connection be closer than 18 inches to any other utility pipe or lateral connection.

All connections for making field joints in corrugated metal pipe shall consist of corrugated metal bands so constructed as to lap on equal portions of each of the culvert sections to be connected. All joints in making field connections of reinforced concrete pipe shall be filled with portland cement mortar or shall use watertight rubber gaskets.

Backfilling of trenches shall be done in accordance with the paragraph on fills under Subsection C above.

Any additional drainage facilities not shown on the approved plan and which may be ordered by the Town Superintendent of Highways shall be constructed by the developer at the developer's expense and in accordance with these specifications.

Drainage culverts, bridges and stream bank protection.

[Amended 9-19-1990 by L.L. No. 6-1990; 4-18-2012 by L.L. No. 7-2012]

Storm drainage culvert pipe may be reinforced concrete (RCP), high-density polyethylene (HDPE) or coated steel pipe (CSP) with a minimum diameter of 15 inches across driveways and a minimum diameter of 18 inches for road drainage.

All round and oblate culvert pipes shall be designed to withstand an H-25 highway loading and shall conform to NYSDOT and these specifications.

All collars and connecting bands shall be soil-tight with a minimum width of 12 inches wide and with hot-dipped galvanized bolts or nylon ties as the standard recommended by the pipe manufacturer.

Reinforced concrete pipe (RCP) shall be Class V with a Manning's roughness coefficient n = 0.012 and shall be manufactured with gasket slip-joints or gasket bell and spigot joints. Each piece of reinforced concrete pipe shall be marked with the specification number and the date of manufacture.

High-density polyethylene (HDPE) pipe shall have a smooth interior wall (n = 0.012) with soil-tight gasket joints per AASHTO standards.

Coated steel pipe (CSP) shall conform to ASTM A252, Grade 2 or 3 or better, with an internal and external bituminous asphalt coating to meet ANSI-A21.4 (n = 0.012) and with the following minimum wall thicknesses: 16-inch to 22-inch diameter (0.375-inch wall thickness); 24-inch to 36-inch diameter (0.500-inch wall thickness); and 42-inch diameter and larger (0.625 inch wall thickness). Joints on steel pipe shall be welded and coated.

No other type of pipe material will be allowed unless authorized in writing; pipes of other material shall be submitted for approval in triplicate and in writing to the Town Superintendent of Highway.

Bridges may be of reinforced concrete, structural steel, treated timber and/or aluminum structural plate and shall be as follows:

For the purpose of these specifications, bridges are defined as any structure that is designed to span across a natural or man-made water course and with a clear span of five feet or more.

All bridges shall be designed for an H-25 highway loading (front axle at 10,000 pounds and rear axle at 40,000 pounds) and shall properly convey stream flows from a one-hundred-year storm event without flowing over or around the bridge.

The waterway area below the bridge shall be free of pipes, culverts and other forms of obstruction.

The underside of the bridge deck shall be no lower than the top of the adjacent roadway.

Bridges shall have a smooth interior face to reduce turbulent flow conditions.

An open deck shall be provided on all bridges with a minimal curb and open safety railing system to allow extreme floodwaters to flow over the bridge deck.

(g)

A smooth inlet and outlet headwall system shall be provided so that floodwaters may be safely diverted into the waterway under the bridge.

(h)

Bridges and vehicular railings shall be designed per AASHTO standards.

Stream bank protection.

Constructed walls along streams shall be prohibited unless the effect of such walls will not alter the calculated or documented elevation of floodwaters generated during a one-hundred-year storm event.

Stream walls shall be designed to resist the hydraulic loading of floodwaters generated during a one-hundred-year storm event.

Riprap revetments.

Riprap revetments shall be designed to withstand the maximum water flow velocity when the stream bank is at full stage.

	Velocity of Stream at High Flows (feet per second)	Riprap Range (inches)
	2 to 6	4 to 12; average 6
	6 to 8	6 to 18; average 12
	8 to 10	12 to 24; average 18
	10 to 12	18 to 30; average 24

The variance in size and rough-angular-shape surfaces of the rock shall allow the revetment to absorb the impact of the flowing water. Rocks are to be NYSDOT compliant and are to be placed tightly together to form a dense layer of protection. The layer of riprap shall be 1.5 times the thickness of the largest stone. The final surface shall be as uniform as possible.

The required submissions to be made to the Town Highway Department for approval shall include all culverts, bridges and stream bank protection work, on or off Town roads, complete with drawings, specifications, hydraulic report and design criteria. Such submissions are required for all projects, private and municipal, before the Town and/or Planning Boards.

Catch basins and curb inlets.

General. The following specifications and Figures 5 and 6[2] show the minimum acceptable construction for typical catch basins and curb inlets. Whenever, in the opinion of the Town Superintendent, ground conditions or other circumstances require it, larger or heavier materials, additional materials, reinforcing or other modifications and improvements in design and construction shall be made as directed by the Town Superintendent at any time prior to paving.

Editor's Note: Figures 5 and 6 are included at the end of this chapter.

Location. Catch basins shall be constructed at all points of change of slope or alignment and at all junction points. At no time shall catch basins be spaced farther apart than 400 feet on slopes less than 3%, 300 feet on slopes from 3% to 6% and 250 feet on slopes over 6% in steepness.

Excavation. Holes for catch basins shall be excavated to a depth of 35 inches below the designated elevation of the invert of the effluent pipe. Crushed stone or run-of-bank gravel to a uniform depth of nine inches leveled and compacted over the entire area under the base shall be laid in the holes.

Construction. All catch basins shall be of precast concrete conforming to NYSDOT Specifications and shall be designed to sustain an H-20 highway loading, plus twenty-five-percent impact load.

Installation of pipes.

Precast concrete walls around all pipes entering or leaving catch basins shall be cast to fit the contours of the pipes as closely as possible. Remaining interstices shall be solidly filled with mortar for the full thickness of the wall. Ends of all pipes shall be cut off flush with the inside surfaces of the catch basin walls.

When the diameter of the effluent pipe is greater than that of an influent pipe, the elevation of the top of the influent pipe shall be no lower than the elevation of the top of the effluent pipe.

When the diameter of the effluent pipe is the same as or smaller than that of an influent pipe, the elevation of the invert of the influent pipe shall be no lower than the elevation of the invert of the effluent pipe. In no case shall the top of any influent pipe be more than five feet above the invert of the effluent pipe.

Curb inlets.

Wherever required, catch basins shall be capped with curb inlets having a minimum frame opening of 30 by 48 of a type as designated by the Town Highway Superintendent.

Curb inlets shall be installed so that the top of the grating is two inches below the finished grade, and the pavement shall be sloped toward the inlet as shown on Figure 6.[3]

Editor's Note: Figure 6 is included at the end of this chapter.

Curb-front openings on all curb inlets shall have, centered in the opening, a solid horizontal bar to prevent the ingress of small children. This bar shall be part of the casting or solidly welded in place subsequent to manufacture.

Steps. Catch basins having a depth greater than 48 inches from the finished surface to the top of the concrete base shall be provided with steps. Steps shall be of wrought iron having a minimum diameter of 3/4 inch, which shall be hot-bent to shape and hot-dipped galvanized or plastic coated after bending. Aluminum steps are not allowed. They shall be solidly set at the time of construction and shall extend at least four inches into the wall. The steps shall extend 4 1/2 inches inside the wall of the catch basin. The top step shall be not more than 18 inches below the finished surface and thence to the base steps shall be no more than 12 inches apart.

Road subgrade.

After completion of the rough grade and prior to the laying of the foundation course, the subgrade shall be shaped to line and grade and thoroughly compacted with an approved self-propelled roller weighing not less than 10 tons. All hollows and depressions which develop under rolling shall be filled with acceptable granular material and again rolled, this process to be continued until no depressions develop. The subgrade shall not be muddy or otherwise unsatisfactory when the foundation course is laid upon it.

Any soft or unstable portions of the subgrade which develop under the roller shall be completely excavated and removed from the right-of-way and shall be replaced with acceptable granular material placed in eight-inch lifts and the area regraded and compacted as above.

Geotextile drainage fabric (highway grade) shall be placed over prepared subgrades where the subbase is wet or undrainable or when the subbase material contains more than 20% silt/clay soils. Drainage fabric shall be installed prior to the placement of the foundation base course and after all utilities have been installed to the satisfaction of the Town Superintendent of Highways.

Drainage fabric shall be installed to drain to low points within the roadway, and subdrains shall be installed at all low points, with drain connections to the nearest catch basin or curb inlet as shown on Figure 20.[4]

[4]

Editor's Note: Figure 20 is included at the end of this chapter.

Fine grading.

Before fine grading or construction of curbs and sidewalks is started, all storm and sanitary sewers and all utilities, including house connections and hydrants, shall have been installed, and all fill and backfill shall have been thoroughly compacted to the satisfaction of the Town Superintendent of Highways.

Fine grade shall conform to the prescribed width of pavement and shall extend equidistant from the center line of the road right-of-way and shall conform to the typical cross sections of the road pavement and to the approved line and grade.

On curves having a radius of 300 feet, the pavement shall be banked at the rate of one inch per foot of width. On curves having a radius of 3,000 feet, no banking will be required. Intermediate radius curves shall be banked proportionately. The transition from banked section to crowned section shall take place on the approaching tangents at the rate of one inch per 10 feet.

On curves, the pavement width shall be increased by one foot for each 1,000 feet or fraction thereof by which the radius of curvature is less than 5,000 feet.

Foundation course, granular material.

After the fine grade and all curbs have been constructed to the satisfaction of the Town Superintendent of Highways, the developer shall furnish and place a foundation course of approved run-of-bank gravel, crusher-run stone or crusher-run gravel to the depths as called for in these specifications. All materials acceptable for these courses shall be hard, durable and sound and shall be well graded from coarse to fine. The maximum diameter of the large particles not exceeding 2/3 of the thickness of the compacted foundation course and 90% to 100% by weight of the particles shall be of such size as will pass through a two-inch square hole, not more than 70% by weight to pass the No. 40 mesh sieve, and not more than 10% by weight to pass the No. 200 mesh sieve.

The materials shall be placed on the finished subgrade by means of mechanical spreaders in three-inch layers and shall be thoroughly compacted by rolling with a self-propelled ten-ton roller. Water shall be added to the materials in such amounts as the Town Superintendent of Highways may consider necessary for proper compaction. After compaction, the course shall be true to grade and cross sections, and any depressions shall be eliminated by the use of additional granular materials, thoroughly rolled in place. In all cases, the foundation course must be so thoroughly compacted that it will not weave under the roller, and the total depth after compaction shall not be less than 12 inches.

All foundation material shall comply with NYSDOT specifications (crushed shale is not permitted). Submit in triplicate to the Town Highway Superintendent copies of the laboratory reports (gradation, hardness, modified protector test curve and NYSDOT certification) along with representative samples of the proposed foundation material to be used for approval.

[Added 4-18-2012 by L.L. No. 7-2012]

Initial paving.

The initial paving course shall be required for:

The surface treatment of all shoulders and ditches adjacent to paved roadways.

The armour coat for major roads.

The temporary pavement of all roads to be dedicated to the Town in which there is a likelihood that the foundation base course will be contaminated or disturbed by construction traffic or when the placement of the asphalt concrete paving courses will not be made within one month after the foundation base course has been placed, fine-graded and rolled.

Procedure. After the foundation course has been inspected and approved by the Town Superintendent of Highways, the traveled way and ditches must be paved as follows with latex bituminous material and crushed stone:

Properly prepare foundation course by blading to a true cross section and compact by rolling.

Apply a uniform application of latex primer and sealer at the rate of 0.30 gallon per square yard.

Cover immediately with a uniform layer of one-inch-to-three-fourths-inch clean, crushed stone at the rate of 70 pounds per square yard.

Level with a broom drag or other leveling device; then roll once with a five-to-eight-ton steel-tired roller.

Apply a uniform application of latex emulsion at the rate of 0.70 gallon per square yard.

Cover immediately with a uniform layer of three-eighths-inch to one-fourth-inch clean, crushed stone at the rate of 20 pounds per square yard.

(g)

Broom to distribute choke stone evenly and roll with a five-to-eight-ton steel-tired roller.

(h)

Apply a uniform application of latex emulsion at the rate of 0.40 gallon per square yard.

(i)

Cover immediately with a uniform layer of three-eighths-inch to one-fourth-inch crushed stone at the rate of 20 pounds per square yard.

(j)

Broom to distribute cover stone evenly and roll to compaction with a five-to-eight-ton steel-tired roller.

Asphaltic concrete surface courses.

A two-course asphaltic concrete surface, conforming to current NYSDOT Specifications, shall be placed within two years following approval of initial paving, but not before completion of all required improvements within the right-of-way in accordance with the approved plans and these specifications.

After initial paving course has been thoroughly cleaned of all foreign material, an asphaltic concrete binder course shall be uniformly spread by a self-propelled mechanical spreader with tamping bars and heating unit in sufficient depth as to provide a finished compacted thickness after rolling thoroughly with a ten-ton roller (Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4[5]).

[5]

Editor's Note: Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4 are included at the end of this chapter.

After the binder course has been completed and thoroughly cleaned of foreign material, and a tack coat of asphalt emulsion applied to the surface at the rate of 1/10 to 1/5 gallon per square yard in the event that the binder course has been subject to traffic for an extended period of time, a final wearing course of fine asphaltic concrete shall be uniformly spread by a self-propelled mechanical spreader equipped with tamping bars and heating unit and in sufficient depth as to provide the required finished compacted thickness after rolling thoroughly with a two- or three-wheel tandem roller weighing approximately 10 tons.

Extreme care shall be exercised in the placing of bituminous concrete to ensure that all longitudinal joints shall be lapped in the placing of adjoining strips and that all lateral joints are trimmed before continuing with the placing of additional materials on that strip.

Submit in triplicate for approval to the Town Highway Superintendent copies of laboratory reports and NYSDOT certifications of the asphalt concrete material and formulation to be used.

[Added 4-18-2012 by L.L. No. 7-2012]

Curbs.

Whenever required, six-inch portland cement concrete curbs shall be constructed on both sides of the street as shown on Figures 2, 3 and 4 and to the dimensions and specifications shown on Figure 7.[6]

[6]

Editor's Note: The Figures 2, 3 and 4 are included at the end of this chapter.

Where required by the Town Superintendent of Highways, four-inch heavy-duty underdrains shall be laid in coarse, washed sand under all curbs as shown on Figure 7. This underdrain shall be so graded that any water under the curbs will drain to the nearest catch basin where the underdrain shall be connected as shown on Figure 6.[7]

[7]

Editor's Note: The Figures 6 and 7 are included at the end of this chapter.

Concrete curbs shall be constructed in accordance with the latest edition of the New York State Department of Transportation Specifications and finished and cured to the satisfaction of the Town Superintendent of Highways. The developer shall, at his own expense, replace any curbing damaged before dedication and any curb which proved defective or is damaged by his operations during the one-year maintenance period.

Submit in triplicate for approval to the Town Highway Superintendent copies of laboratory reports and NYSDOT certifications of the portland cement concrete mix, materials and formulation to be used.

[Added 4-18-2012 by L.L. No. 7-2012]

Driveways.

[Amended 1-10-2007 by L.L. No. 2-2007]

General. All driveways shall be designed, laid out, constructed and maintained in a manner which will provide safe access for emergency vehicles under all weather conditions. Driveways as described under this section are to serve single-family residences only. Driveways for more than one single-family residence shall be designed in accordance with the standards for rural roadways as specified herein and incorporating other standards acceptable to the Planning Board, the Fire Department and its attorneys.

Driveway entrances.

The developer/constructor shall obtain all necessary permits and shall construct all driveway entrances to the satisfaction of the Highway Department and the local Fire Departments. The permit form for driveways to be constructed within the Town is set forth in Appendix A hereto.[8]

[8]

Editor's Note: Appendix A is included at the end of this chapter.

All necessary driveway entrances within subdivisions shall be constructed at the time of construction of curbs.

Residential driveways.

Width of driveway. The all-weather travelway shall be at least 12 feet wide.

Vertical clearance. Trees and branches shall be pruned to provide at least 15 feet of clearance above the travelway.

Horizontal clearance. Trees and shrubs shall be cleared at least 10 feet from both sides of the center line of the travelway.

Shoulders. Shoulders shall conform to the following:

Shoulders along both sides of the travelway shall be grassed within the bounds of the horizontal clearing area.

Shoulders within the horizontal clearing area shall have a cross slope of not more than 6% and not less than 3%.

Drop-offs along the edge of shoulders shall not exceed a side slope of one vertical to two horizontal.

Travelway surface. The travelway shall be an all-weather surface constructed free of bird-baths and having a cross-slope of not more than 6% and not less than 2% and shall be comprised (per NYSDOT Specifications) one of the following:

Asphalt concrete pavement, 2.5 inches compacted thickness on an approved well-drained granular foundation base, eight inches thick.

Compacted three-quarter-inch blend crushed stone, four inches minimum thickness on an approved well-drained granular foundation base, eight inches thick.

Masonry or cut stone pavers fitted and secured in place on an approved well-drained granular foundation base, eight inches thick.

Grades. The grade of the travel way of a driveway shall be no more than 15% and no less than 2%.

Sharp changes in grade shall be avoided.

For driveway grades more than 15%, approvals from the Fire Chief and Zoning Board of Appeals are required.

(g)

Horizontal curves. The inside radius of any horizontal curve shall be no less than 28 feet.

(h)

Turnaround. For all driveways longer than 250 feet, a turnaround having a 7% maximum grade shall be provided within 50 feet of the house, comprised of one of the following:

Circular turnaround shall have an outside radius of at least 60 feet.

"T" or hammerhead turnaround shall have at least 60 feet across the top.

(i)

Turnouts. A turnout is wide place in the driveway that will allow another vehicle (or fire engine) to pass.

For driveways over 900 feet long, a turnout shall be provided at least every 750 feet or fraction thereof.

The turnout shall be at least 15 feet wide and 50 feet long, placed along and parallel to the edge of the driveway.

The maximum grade on a turnout is 5%.

[4]

The cleared area along the shoulder side of a turnout shall be at least five feet and shall conform to the shoulder standards herein.

(j)

Intersection.

The driveway should be as close as possible to 90° to the intersecting roadway to facilitate turns from both directions.

Where driveway approaches are less than 75°, approvals from the Fire Chief and Zoning Board of Appeals are required.

Driveways shall not have a grade more than 5% within 30 feet of the edge of pavement of the intersecting street or road.

[4]

The sight distance at the driveway shall be at least 250 feet in both directions along the intersecting road or street to assure safe egress from the property.

(k)

Bridges and culverts.

All bridges and culverts shall be designed for a thirty-ton vehicle.

Bridges and culverts over three feet high shall have approved guide rails on both sides.

(l)

Hazards. Pipe crossings, septic tanks and leach fields are considered to be potential hazards for fire trucks.

All such hazards shall be signed to warn fire trucks.

Septic tanks and leach fields shall be placed at least 20 feet from the edge of any driveway, turnout and turnaround.

(m)

Drainage.

Driveways shall be constructed to prevent flooding up to and including a twenty-five-year rainfall event.

Ditches along driveways shall not encroach shoulder areas.

Ditches along driveways shall be designed in accordance with Subsection S, Open ditches, of § 89-19.

(n)

Maintenance. Driveways shall be maintained year-round, including the removal of snow. Grassed shoulder areas shall be kept mowed.

(o)

Bonding. Driveways shall be bonded in accordance with a fee schedule, the same fee rate as for road construction, as established by the Town Board to assure that the driveway will be constructed in accordance with the approved plans.

(p)

Permits. Prior to construction, a detailed site plan of the property showing all topographic features, including drainage patterns, house footprint, driveway, culverts, bridges, subsurface disposal area, locations of all turnarounds and turnouts, complete with construction details, and erosion and sedimentation control measures, and other information considered to be essential shall be submitted along with a driveway permit application.

(q)

Inspections. The Town Highway Department and Fire Department shall have the right to enter upon the property throughout the construction phase to inspect the construction of the driveway.

(r)

As-built drawings. An as-built drawing of the completed driveway shall be submitted prior to issuance of a certificate of occupancy, certifying to the Town and the Fire Department that the driveway was constructed per the permitted plans. A New York State licensed professional engineer, architect, landscape architect or land surveyor shall make the certification to the Town and Fire Department.

(s)

911 address. The 911 address shall be posted at the entrance of the driveway, easily visible from the connecting street or roadway. The numbers shall be at least four inches high, black on a white background. The construction of the sign shall be permanent (galvanized steel or approved equal) and visible during all weather conditions.

(t)

Driveway length marker.

Any home having a driveway with a length of more than 700 feet is required to install a driveway length marker at the entrance of the driveway. The marker will consist of a two-inch-diameter white PVC-coated steel pipe extending at least four feet above the ground and shall be clearly visible from the adjoining roadway. The marker shall have reflective one-inch-wide red bands corresponding to the length of the actual driveway, as follows:

[a]

A driveway of not more than 900 feet shall have one red band.

[b]

A driveway greater than 900 feet but less than 1,800 feet shall have two red bands.

[c]

A driveway over 1,800 feet but less than 2,700 feet shall have three red bands.

The 911 address may be mounted on the driveway length marker. The driveway length marker shall be maintained by the homeowner at all times. Any necessary repairs are to be made by the homeowner.

Commercial driveways. Commercial driveways shall be designed in accordance with § 100-113 through § 100-116, inclusive, and shall be subject to the approval of the Town Highway Department and the Fire Department.

Sidewalks (Figure 8). Whenever required, the developer shall construct four-inch-thick reinforced portland cement concrete sidewalks on both sides of streets as shown on Figures 2, 3, and 4.[9] Concrete shall be Class A per NYSDOT Specifications, one course, properly screeded and finished to true grade with wooden floats and shall be cured, all to the satisfaction of the Town Superintendent of Highways.

[9]

Editor's Note: The Figures 2, 3 and 4 are included at the end of this chapter.

Intersections.

The developer shall construct all street intersections in accordance with Figure 13. Grades at intersecting roadways shall be designed and constructed as shown on Figure 12.[10]

[10]

Editor's Note: Figures 12 and 13 are included at the end of this chapter.

Intersections of major roads by other roads shall be at least 800 feet apart, if possible. Cross (four-cornered) road intersections shall be avoided insofar as possible, except at important traffic intersections. A distance of at least 150 feet shall be maintained between offset intersections. Within 40 feet of an intersection, roads shall be at approximately right angles, and grades shall be limited to 1 1/2%. All road intersection corners shall be rounded by curves of at least 25 feet in radius at the property line.

Sight easements shall be provided across all corners at intersections within the triangular area formed by the two intersecting road lines and a straight line connecting points along said road lines, each point 75 feet back from the intersection of the road lines. For the purpose of traffic safety, there shall be a clear line of sight in either direction across such triangular area between an observer's eye three feet above the road surface at the nearest edge of the road and an object one foot above the nearest edge of pavement on the intersecting road. In the case of roads which must intersect at other than right angles, the Planning Board and/or the Town Superintendent of Highways may require that the dimensions of the sight easement be modified to provide adequate sight distance.

Signs.

Appropriate highway warning signs shall be erected on the shoulder and on dead-end streets. Such signs shall conform to the standards prescribed for the New York State highway system.

The developer shall furnish and install a four-way street-name sign at every street intersection made by the streets he constructs. Signs and posts shall conform to the standards established by the Town Board. (See Figure 15.[11])

[11]

Editor's Note: Figure 15 is included at the end of this chapter.

All signs located within 12 feet from the edge of pavement of any road shall have a breakaway feature to allow for easy repair or replacement. This includes all street and traffic control signs.

[Added 4-18-2012 by L.L. No. 7-2012]

Monuments.

Monuments shall be set on all right-of-way lines of streets at all street intersections, angle points, points of curve and subdivision corners. There shall be a clear foresight and backsight to adjacent monuments on the right-of-way line or lines on which a monument is set.

Monuments shall be 36 inches long, five inches square at the top and shall have centered in the top a three-eighths-inch or one-half-inch drill hole, a three-eighths-inch or one-half-inch steel rod slightly protruding or some other permanent and satisfactory center mark. Monuments shall be of cut granite free from imperfections or of concrete as shown on Figure 14.[12]

[12]

Editor's Note: Figure 14 is included at the end of this chapter.

Monuments shall not be set before final grading has been completed nor shall they be set while frost is in the ground. They shall be so set and tamped as to prevent settlement or shifting.

The developer's engineer and/or licensed land surveyor shall certify that the location of all monuments is accurate before acceptance of the street by the Town Board.

Easements.

All drainage easements necessary to drain water from all roads shall be obtained by the developer. The developer has the obligation to obtain necessary drainage easements from surrounding owners or deposit an additional bond or funds sufficient to indemnify the cost to the Town in acquiring easements and building drainage facilities outside the project area, if such are necessary and caused by construction of the road.

Where permanent drainage easements between building lots (Figure 16[13]) are granted to the Town, the developer must install drainage pipe in said easements from the catch basin or ditch line to a point opposite the rear of the houses on the adjoining lots or for a distance of at least 100 feet, whichever distance is greater, unless otherwise specified by the Town Superintendent of Highways or Town Engineer. Drainage easements must have a minimum width of 20 feet, which shall be provided for in the approved plan.

[13]

Editor's Note: Figure 16 is included at the end of this chapter.

A deed for all required easements as shown on the subdivision and site plans and maps and any other easements to drain water from the road, as required by the Town Superintendent of Highways, must be deposited with the Town's Attorney prior to signing of the subdivision map by the Chairman of the Planning Board or commencement of construction as part of the dedication in § 89-13 above.

Open ditches.

With the approval of the Town Superintendent of Highways and Town Engineer, open ditches may be used in lieu of storm drainpipes when the grade of the land traversed is flat or when it is desirable to drain and dry up the surrounding area.

Open ditches shall be constructed in accordance with Figure 11 of these specifications,[14] but in no case shall the grade of an open ditch exceed 6%. Riprap, when called for, shall consist of fieldstone or rough, unhewn quarry stones as nearly cubical in form as is practicable, placed upon a slope not steeper than 1:2 and so laid that the weight of the large stones is carried by the soil and not by the stone adjacent. All stones shall weigh 50 to 150 pounds each, and at least 60% of them shall weigh more than 100 pounds each.

[14]

Editor's Note: Figure 11 is included at the end of this chapter.

The largest stones shall be placed first, roughly arranged and in close contact. The spaces between the larger stones shall be filled with spalls of suitable size.

Whenever a drainpipe enters an open ditch, the bottom and sides of the ditch shall be riprapped for a distance of at least 30 feet beyond the end of the pipe. Headwalls or flared end sections shall be provided at the end of all drainage pipes. Headwalls shall be constructed in accordance with Figure 10.[15]

[15]

Editor's Note: Figure 10 is included at the end of this chapter.

House drains. Roof and cellar drains shall in no case be allowed to flow onto the street right-of-way. With the approval of the Town Superintendent of Highways and Town Engineer in writing, these drains may be piped to the street storm drainpipe to which they shall be connected on top only with fittings designed for that purpose. Such drains must be installed prior to the start of fine grading of the streets.

Culs-de-sac and T-turnarounds.

[Amended 4-18-2012 by L.L. No. 7-2012]

Wherever a temporary or permanent dead-end is allowed on a subdivision street, a turnaround shall be constructed. Permanent turnarounds shall take the form of a circle or a "T" as required by the Planning Board and the Town Superintendent of Highways and shall be constructed as shown in Figures 18 and 19A.[16] The temporary type of construction shall be used only when authorized by the Town Planning Board because of the foreseeable future extension of the street. The temporary turnaround shall be completely paved (Figure 19[17]).

[16]

Editor's Note: Figures 18 and 19A are included at the end of this chapter.

[17]

Editor's Note: Figure 19 is included at the end of this chapter.

In large subdivisions, where the work is to be constructed in phases, temporary turnarounds shall be provided at the end of any dead-end streets. Temporary turnarounds may also be required at the end of each year's construction season to allow snow plows and other large vehicles to easily maneuver.

Grades and vertical curves.

Street shall be so designed that finished tangent grades will not be less than 0.7% or more than 10% for residential roads and 8% for other roads.

Every change in grade shall be effected with a vertical curve of sufficient length to ensure adequate stopping sight distance and to provide for smooth transition. These vertical curves shall be designed in accordance with the graph shown on Figure 12 of these specifications[18] which is taken from New York State standards for speeds of 30 miles per hour.

[18]

Editor's Note: Figure 12 is included at the end of this chapter.

Guide rails. In all fill sections where the difference in elevation between the point of shoulder and the original ground surface exceeds four feet, guide rails shall be erected. They shall conform to New York State Department of Transportation standard specifications for corrugated beam guide railing type, with steel posts. Approach and terminal sections shall be buried below ground and anchored in concrete per New York State Department of Transportation standard details. Guide rails shall be placed at least 12 inches behind curbs and shoulders as directed by the Highway Superintendent.

Finished slopes. All slopes, except rock cuts, shall be covered with four inches of topsoil and shall be seeded, mulched or otherwise planted to provide a hardy cover and to prevent erosion.

Additional requirements.

The entrance to the subdivision shall be completely finished to approval stage, and a dust-settling material shall be applied to the gravel surface of the roadway for a distance of 150 feet from the beginning of the new road, within 30 days from the start of construction.

Before starting construction in the subdivision, the applicant shall post a warning sign along the existing road on each side of the subdivision entrance, at locations each approximately 200 feet from said entrance. Signs shall read CAUTION - TRUCKS ENTERING and shall conform to standards prescribed for the New York State highway system.

The applicant shall assume full responsibility for any damage to Town property, such as Town roads, which may result from the construction in and development of the subdivision. The applicant shall be responsible for the repair or correction of such damages to the satisfaction of the Town Superintendent of Highways or his authorized representative.

§ 89-20 Drainage.

All projects involving existing Town roads or the construction of new roads, public or private, shall conform to these design standards. In general, the proposed drainage system shall be adequate to prevent any increase in the rate of surface water runoff or otherwise contribute to downstream flooding during a storm of any magnitude up to and including a one-hundred-year return frequency.

[Amended 9-19-1990 by L.L. No. 6-1990]

Drainage methods and calculations shall be presented in a report for review by the Planning Board and the Town Superintendent of Highways. Drainage methods shall include measures for reducing quantity or stormwater runoff (detention ponds and subsurface disposal) or proposals to improve downstream drainage courses and/or structures that are found to be deficient. If stormwater is being discharged into receiving watercourses, methods for reducing pollution shall also be addressed. Calculations of stormwater flows shall be performed by using the United States Department of Agriculture Soil Conservation Survey Design Procedures, outlined in Technical Release No. 55, Urban Hydrology for Small Watersheds, Type III distribution.

[Amended 9-19-1990 by L.L. No. 6-1990]

The drainage system shall be sized to be large enough to accommodate potential runoff from its entire upstream drainage area, whether inside or outside the project area. The effects of the proposed drainage system on the existing downstream drainage facilities shall also be addressed in the drainage report. On-site drainage systems shall be designed for the following levels of service.

Residential areas having one-half-acre or larger lots: five-year rainfall intensity.

Residential areas having one-fourth-acre or smaller lots: ten-year rainfall intensity.

Commercial and industrial areas: ten-year rainfall intensity.

Detention ponds: one-hundred-year rainfall intensity.

In addition to the above, storm drainage systems shall be designed for any magnitude storm up to and including a one-hundred-year frequency:

To cause no drainage toward or flooding of buildings.

[Amended 3-18-1987 by L.L. No. 3-1987]

To allow surface flows on streets to be kept to reasonable limits.

To prevent pollution of receiving ground and surface waters in accordance with current USEPA and NYSDEC regulations and Chapter 55 of the Town of Lloyd Town Code.

[Amended 4-18-2012 by L.L. No. 7-2012]

To prevent post-development peak stormwater flows from exceeding pre-development peak stormwater flows in accordance with USEPA and NYSDEC regulations.

[Added 4-18-2012 by L.L. No. 7-2012]

§ 89-21 Traffic control.

Whenever a developer is to perform any work on Town roads, traffic shall be maintained in accordance with the New York State Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices, in a safe manner, during work and evening hours until its final completion. Suitable safeguards, to reduce conditions dangerous to life, limb and property to a minimum, must be provided by the developer throughout the construction period and may include flagmen when requested by the Town Superintendent of Highways.

§ 89-22 Testing.

The developer shall be responsible to conduct any compaction test as may be required by the Highway Superintendent in order to assure that all fill areas and trench backfills are properly compacted within the requirements of these specifications. Copies of certified compaction test reports shall be submitted to the Town Superintendent of Highways.

Pressure tests, vacuum tests and other structural tests of buried utilities within any proposed roadway shall be satisfactorily performed prior to the placement of the roadway foundation base course.

§ 89-23 Inspection of improvements.

The Town may employ an engineering inspector or authorize the Town Highway Superintendent or his authorized representative to inspect the required improvements during construction to assure their satisfactory completion, and the Planning Board shall require a certificate from such official stating that all required improvements have been satisfactorily completed. The developer shall pay the Town the costs of inspection before the subdivision plat is signed for filing.

If the engineering inspector or Town Highway Superintendent or his authorized representative finds, upon inspection, that any of the required improvements have not been constructed in accordance with the land development regulations and the approved construction plans, the developer and the bonding company shall be severally and jointly liable for completing said improvements according to specifications.

Road inspections.

In the case of a new road or a change in an existing road, the work shall be inspected at the completion of each of the following four stages of construction by the Town Highway Superintendent or his duly authorized representative:

Cutting of brush and trees, removal of stumps and all topsoil moved to roadside and stored; removal of any wet, unstable soil to any depth required until suitable subsoil (35 pounds per square inch) remains to form a firm base for a road bed.

Rough grading and installation of road base and drainage ditches; culverts, headwalls, catch basins and other similar elements recommended by the Town Highway Superintendent or his authorized representative, not to be covered until examined by the inspector; side bands and shoulders graded as per specifications.

Satisfactory pavement placed, crowned, rolled or compressed on the road bed; covering of headwalls and culverts and finished grading on shoulders and banks; placing of topsoil where necessary. The Town's inspector may require that test holes be dug in order to inspect pavement thickness and type.

Paving, cleaning up of shoulders, seeding of banks and installation of road signs.

Road construction and inspection shall be conducted in multiples of 1,000 feet of road length. In certain instances, based on the dimensions of the subdivision plat, the Planning Board may permit road construction and inspection for distances less or greater than 1,000 feet.

In order that these inspections may be made at the completion of each stage of construction, as specified above, the applicant shall notify the engineering inspector of the times when required inspections may be made. In general, inspections shall be made within two days following the date of notification, excluding holidays and weekends. No work shall proceed on the subsequent construction stage until the prior stage has been completed to the satisfaction of the Town's inspector. Any violation of this procedure may result in a complete stoppage of all construction.

In order to facilitate the inspection procedure, all roads shall be staked during construction at each side of the road right-of-way, at intervals of approximately 50 feet, except where a shorter distance is required on curves, and each stake shall be marked with the appropriate station number consistent with the corresponding station number shown on the construction plans.

Written certification shall be made to the Planning Board by the Town's inspector at the completion of the above-mentioned successive stages of work, stating the date of each inspection and the fact that the work, when inspected, was in accordance with the approved plans and specifications. A copy of each of the notices of certification shall also be transmitted to the Town Highway Superintendent.

§ 89-24 Final inspection.

Upon completion of all improvements, the developer shall notify the Town's authorized inspector and request a final inspection. Such request shall be accompanied by one of the following:

Three copies of the construction plans and the subdivision plat, modified where necessary.

Three copies of a new construction plan and plat.

Either set of plans and plat shall show the actual location of the required improvements as constructed. Specifically, such plan and plat shall show:

The center line of the right-of-way.

The center line and edges of the traveled way at one-hundred-foot intervals and at points of curvature and tangency.

Profiles of the finished surface of the traveled way at fifty-foot intervals along the center line.

The locations of all catch basins and headwalls, by the plus and offset method, and the elevations of the top, the pipe invert and the sump invert.

The locations of all culvert pipes, with length, diameter and material.

The locations of spilloffs.

The locations of paved gutters by plus stations.

(8)

The center line and the edges of the traveled way at a turnabout, the location of the center of the turnaround and the elevation of the outer edges of the turnaround at each side and at the farthest end.

(9)

The locations of edges of pavement returns at road intersections.

(10)

The locations of all utilities furnished either by the developer or by others.

(11)

The grades of all slopes along the road.

(12)

The amount of road crown by gutter and center line grades.

(13)

The locations of all monuments.

(14)

The locations of drainage easements.

Such plan and plat shall bear a dated certification by a licensed surveyor or professional engineer to the effect that the data shown thereon was accurately determined by field survey. The Town's inspector shall make his inspection and submit his report thereon to the Planning Board and Zoning Inspector. He shall include the modified plans with his comments.

§ 89-25 Street names and signs.

[Added 1-10-2007 by L.L. No. 2-2007[1]; amended 4-18-2012 by L.L. No. 7-2012]

All private roadways of any kind are to be properly signed and named in accordance with all Town and 911 requirements. Such roads shall be signed as a "Private Road."

Editor's Note: This local law also renumbered former § 89-25 as § 89-26.

§ 89-26 Street-opening permits.

[Added 4-18-2012 by L.L. No. 7-2012[1]]

Description. Street opening permits are necessary any time an excavation is made in a street right-of-way. Excavations in street pavements and sidewalks require a street opening permit. A permit may be necessary from the New York State Department of Transportation or the Ulster County Department of Public Works Office if the roadway is under their jurisdiction.

Application. Street opening permits are issued by the Town of Lloyd Highway Department for all Town roads.

Requirements.

A street opening permit for a Town road can only be issued to a person, firm or corporation that has on file with the Town a street opening bond of $5,000 and has paid the street opening permit fee at the Town Building Department. The street opening permit fee per opening is to be set by the Town Board by resolution.

The permit holder is responsible for the restoration and maintenance of the street opening.

The permit holder is responsible for the placement and maintenance of the necessary traffic signs and barricades throughout the construction period.

The permit holder is responsible for contacting the Underground Facilities Protective Organization at 1-800-962-7962 (Dig Safely New York) at least two full working days before digging for the marking of utility locations and for confirming that all utilities have responded in a satisfactory manner.

The permit holder shall be responsible for the continued maintenance of the finished street opening, if settlement should occur. Approved crushed stone aggregate backfill is required on all street openings. The type of pavement replacement shall match the existing pavement in thickness and composition. Final paving operations shall be made within 48 hours after completion of all backfill operations and to the satisfaction of the Town Superintendent of Highways.

New pavement. A street opening permit will be denied to anyone requesting to open pavement less than five years old unless there is an emergency or the opening is approved by the Town Board.

Editor's Note: This local law also redesignated former § 89-26 as § 89-29.

§ 89-27 Mailbox locations.

[Added 4-18-2012 by L.L. No. 7-2012[1]]

All mailboxes placed within the right-of-way of Town roads shall be located in accordance with Figure 21 of these specifications and in accordance with the U.S. postal regulations.[2]

Editor's Note: This local law also redesignated former § 89-27 as § 89-30.

Editor's Note: Figure 21 is included at the end of this chapter.

§ 89-28 Submittals.

[Added 4-18-2012 by L.L. No. 7-2012[1]]

In addition to the aforementioned construction materials, shop drawings and product data are to be submitted in triplicate for approval to the Town Highway Superintendent, together with ASTM, AWWA and AASHTO designations on the following:

Manholes, catch basins, drainage inlets, cleanouts, covers, grates and flared-end sections.

Hydrants and valve boxes.

Street signs and traffic control signs.

Guide rails (galvanized steel only), anchorages and details.

Editor's Note: This local law also redesignated former § 89-28 as § 89-31.

§ 89-29 Interpretation and variances.

[Amended 9-19-1990 by L.L. No. 6-1990]

In general, the purpose of these road specifications is to provide guidance in the design and construction of safe new roadways or the improvement of existing roadways, all in accordance with generally recognized standard highway engineering and design principles. If an applicant wishes to propose alternative highway design, said applicant shall provide, with the application, properly prepared plans with calculations and references to generally recognized highway engineering and design standards, in which said design shall be certified by a New York State licensed professional engineer. Final decisions as to the interpretation or variance of any part of these street specifications shall rest with the Town Superintendent of Highways.

§ 89-30 Enforcement.

[Added 1-10-2007 by L.L. No. 2-2007[1]; amended 4-18-2012 by L.L. No. 7-2012]

Administration and enforcement shall be regulated by Article IX of Chapter 100, Zoning, as applicable, and enforced by the Town's Codes Enforcement Officer. In addition to receiving approval for the completed work from the Zoning Inspector, approvals from the Town of Lloyd Highway Department and the local Fire Department are also required.