Village of Randolph, WI Article VII Design Standards

§ 320-36 General street design standards.

A. Compliance with statutes. In laying out a certified survey or subdivision, the owner shall conform to the provisions of Ch. 236, Wis. Stats., and all applicable Village regulations. In all cases where the requirements of this chapter are different from the requirements of Ch. 236, the more restrictive provision shall apply. (See also § 320-39F.)

B. Dedication. The subdivider shall dedicate land and improve streets as provided in this chapter and § 320-21. Streets shall be located with due regard for topographical conditions, natural features, existing and proposed streets, utilities and land uses and public convenience and safety. Streets shall conform to official maps adopted by the Village Board. The subdivision, certified survey parcel or land division shall be so designed as to provide each lot with satisfactory access to a public street or road. (See also § 320-39F.)

C. Compliance with Comprehensive Plan and ordinances.

(1) The arrangement, character, features, and layout of land divisions in the Village of Randolph shall be designed to comply with the standards of this chapter, the Comprehensive Plan, the Official Map, and/or any comprehensive utility plans or other planning documents which may pertain to the standards of design for land divisions and which have been adopted by the Village Board. Where no such planning documents have been adopted, subdivisions shall be designed according to engineering and planning standards approved by the Village Engineer and applied so as to properly relate the proposed development with adjacent development, the topography, natural features, public safety and convenience, and the most advantageous development of undeveloped adjacent lands. In the absence of a street being shown on the Official Map, streets shall be provided in locations determined necessary by the Village Engineer and to the right-of-way widths required in this article for the classification of street required.

(2) The arrangement, character, extent, width, grade, and location of all streets shall conform to the Village Comprehensive Plan, the Official Map, and to this chapter, and other Village planning documents and shall be considered in their relation to existing and planned streets, reasonable circulation of traffic, topographical conditions, runoff of stormwater, public convenience and safety, and in their appropriate relation to the proposed uses of the land to be served by such streets.

(3) The arrangement of streets in new subdivisions shall make provision for the appropriate continuation at the same or greater width of the existing streets in adjoining areas.

D. Areas not covered by Official Map or Comprehensive Plan. In areas not covered by an Official Map or a Village Comprehensive Plan, the layout of streets shall conform to the plan for the most advantageous development of adjoining areas of the neighborhood. Streets shall be designed and located in relation to existing and officially planned streets, topography and natural terrain, streams and lakes and existing tree growth, public convenience and safety and in their appropriate relation to the proposed use of the land to be served by such streets.[1]

[1] Editor's Note: Original § 14-1-70(e), Proposed streets, which immediately followed this subsection, was repealed at time of adoption of Code (see Ch. 1, General Provisions, Art. II).

E. Streets classifications.

(1) Classifications. Streets shall be required and classified by the Village Engineer in accordance with the Village's Comprehensive Plan and, where not identified in said plan, in accordance with sound engineering standards, into the classifications indicated below with the designated minimum widths:

(a) Arterial streets. Arterial streets shall be arranged to provide through traffic for a heavy volume of vehicles.

(b) Collector streets. Collector streets shall be arranged so as to provide ready collection of traffic from individual areas and conveyance of this traffic to the major street and highway system and shall be properly related to special traffic generators such as schools, churches and shopping centers and other concentrations of population and to the major streets into which they feed.

(c) Local/minor streets. Local streets shall be arranged to conform to the topography, to discourage use by through traffic, to permit the design of efficient storm and sanitary sewerage systems, and to require the minimum street area necessary to provide safe and convenient access to abutting property.

(d) Alleys. Alleys shall be located at rear property lines, shall discourage through traffic, shall serve fewer than 50 vehicles per day, and shall be intended to provide access to off-street loading and service areas and not primary access to parcels.

(2) Street grades.

(a) Unless necessitated by exceptional topography, subject to the approval of the Village Board, the maximum center-line grade of any street or public way shall not exceed the following:

[1] Arterial streets: 6%.

[2] Collector streets: 8%.

[3] Local streets, alleys and frontage streets: 10%.

[4] Pedestrianways: 12%, unless steps of acceptable design are provided.

(b) The grade of any street shall in no case exceed 12% or be less than 0.5%.[2]

[2] Editor's Note: Original § 14-1-70(f)(2)b, pertaining to changes in street grades, which immediately followed this subsection, was repealed at time of adoption of Code (see Ch. 1, General Provisions, Art. II).

(c) Street grades shall be established wherever practicable so as to avoid excessive grading, the promiscuous removal of ground cover and tree growth and the general leveling of the topography.

(3) Street widths. Minimum right-of-way and pavement widths shall conform to the following tables:

	Type of Street	Right-of-Way Width (feet)	Pavement Width (face of curb to face of curb) (feet)
	Arterial street	80	48
	Collector street	70	40
	Local street	66	36

F. Reserve strips. Reserve strips shall not be provided on any plat to control access to streets or alleys, except where control of such strips is placed with the Village under conditions approved by the Village Board.

G. Alleys; cul-de-sac streets.

(1) Commercial and industrial. Alleys shall be provided in all commercial and industrial districts, except that the Village Board may waive this requirement where other definite and assured provision is made for service access, such as off-street loading and parking, consistent with and adequate for the uses proposed. Where approved, the paved width of the right-of-way for residential alleys shall be not less than 24 feet, and the paved width for commercial and industrial alleys shall be not less than 30 feet. Alley rights-of-way shall be 50 feet. Alleys shall be constructed according to base and surfacing requirements for streets.

(2) Residential. Alleys shall not be approved in residential areas unless necessary because of topography or other exceptional circumstances.

(3) Dead end. Dead-end alleys are prohibited except under very unusual circumstances, and crooked and "T" alleys shall be discouraged. Temporary dead-end streets shall not be over 1,000 feet in total length, shall provide for an eventual intersection spacing meeting the requirements of this chapter and shall provide for temporary culs-de-sac or turnarounds as approved by the Village Engineer.

(4) Cul-de-sac streets. The maximum length of permanent cul-de-sac streets shall be 1,000 feet measured along the center line from the intersection of origin to end of right-of-way. Each cul-de-sac shall be provided at the closed end with a turnaround having a minimum outside curb radius of 50 feet and a minimum street property line radius of 60 feet. The length of cul-de-sac streets shall be measured from the line of intersection with the connecting street to the farthest extent of the cul-de-sac bulb. In all culs-de-sac, there shall be an unobstructed sight distance from the intersection of the intersecting street to the far end of the cul-de-sac bulb.

H. Continuation. Streets shall be laid out to provide for possible continuation wherever topographic and other physical conditions permit. The use of culs-de-sac shall be held to a minimum, and permanently dead-ended streets shall be prohibited. Provisions shall be made so that all proposed streets shall have a direct connection with, or be continuous and in line with, existing, planned or platted streets with which they are to connect. Proposed streets shall be extended to the boundary lines of the tract to be subdivided, unless prevented by topography or other physical conditions, or unless in the opinion of the Village Board such extension is not necessary or desirable for the coordination of the layout of the subdivision with existing layout or the most advantageous future development of adjacent tracts.

I. Minor streets. Minor streets shall be so laid out so as to discourage their use by through traffic.

J. Frontage roads. Where a land division abuts or contains an existing or proposed arterial highway, or railroad right-of-way, the subdivider shall provide a frontage road, platted access restriction along the property contiguous to such highway, or such other treatment as may be determined necessary by the Village Engineer to ensure safe, efficient traffic flow and adequate protection of residential properties.

K. Private streets. Private streets shall not be approved, nor shall public improvements be approved for any private street; all streets shall be dedicated for public use.

L. Street curvature. When a continuous street center line deflects at any one point by more than 10°, a circular curve shall be introduced having a radius of curvature on said center line of not less than the following:

(1) Arterial streets and highways: 500 feet.

(2) Collector streets: 300 feet.

(3) Local streets: 100 feet.

M. Visibility. Streets shall afford maximum visibility and safety for motorist, bicycle, and pedestrian use and shall intersect at right angles, where practicable. A minimum sight distance with clear visibility, measured along the center line, shall be provided of at least 500 feet on major thoroughfares, 200 feet on collector-distributor streets, and 120 feet on all other streets.

N. Tangents. A tangent at least 100 feet long shall be required between reverse curves on arterial and collector streets.

O. Vertical curves. All changes in street grades shall be connected by vertical curves of a minimum length, in feet, equivalent to 20 times the algebraic difference in the rate of grade for major thoroughfares, and 1/2 this minimum length for all other streets.

P. Half streets. Half streets shall not be platted unless necessary to provide the full width of an existing street platted to half width. All newly platted streets shall be platted to the required full width. Where a half street exists adjacent to a proposed land division, the subdivider shall endeavor to acquire and dedicate the remaining half street.

Q. Intersections.

(1) Angle of intersect. Streets shall intersect each other at as nearly right angles as topography and other limiting factors of good design permit. A curved street shall intersect another street with not less than 15 feet of tangent right-of-way between the end of curvature and the right-of-way of the street being intersected.

(2) Number of streets converging. The number of streets converging at one intersection shall be reduced to a minimum, preferably not more than two. Cross-type intersections on local streets shall be avoided whenever possible in favor of T-type intersections. Intersections of local streets shall be at least 125 feet from each other.

(3) Number of intersections along arterial streets. The number of intersections along arterial streets shall be held to a minimum. Wherever practicable, the distance between such intersections shall be not less than 1,200 feet, unless otherwise determined by the Village Engineer to provide better safety.

(4) Local street spacing. Local streets and frontage roads intersecting with other local streets or collector streets shall, wherever practicable, be spaced no closer than 150 feet between right-of-way lines, nor closer than 250 feet to the right-of-way of an arterial street.

(5) Property lines at street intersections. Property lines at street intersections shall be rounded with a minimum radius of 25 feet or of a greater radius when required by the Village Engineer.

(6) Local streets. Local streets shall not necessarily continue across arterial or collector streets, but if the center lines of such local streets approach the major streets from opposite sides within 300 feet of each other, measured along the center line of the arterial or collector streets, then the location shall be so adjusted that the adjoinment across the major or collector street is continuous and a jog is avoided.

(7) Additional sight easements. At any intersection determined by the Village Engineer, restricted development easements or additional street right-of-way shall be platted to provide for adequate sight distances in every direction of travel. At a minimum, the subdivider shall grade, clear or otherwise provide for an unobstructed sight triangle at all intersections incorporating the area within a triangle formed by the intersection of the street right-of-way lines and a point on each right-of-way line being not less than 30 feet from the intersection point.

R. Street names. New street names shall not duplicate the names of existing streets, but streets that are continuations of others already in existence and named shall bear the names of the existing streets. Street names shall be subject to approval by the Village Board.[3]

[3] Editor's Note: Amended at time of adoption of Code (see Ch. 1, General Provisions, Art. II).

S. Limited-access highway and railroad right-of-way treatment. Whenever the proposed subdivision contains or is adjacent to a limited-access highway, arterial street or railroad right-of-way, the design shall provide the following treatment:

(1) Subdivision lots. When lots within the proposed subdivision back upon the right-of-way of an existing or proposed limited-access highway or a railroad, a planting strip at least 30 feet in depth shall be provided adjacent to the highway or railroad in addition to the normal lot depth. This strip shall be part of the platted lots but shall have the following restriction lettered on the face of the plat: "This strip reserved for the planting of trees and shrubs, the building of structures hereon prohibited."

(2) Commercial and industrial districts. Commercial and industrial districts shall have provided, on each side of the limited-access highway, arterial street or railroad, streets approximately parallel to and at a suitable distance from such highway or railroad for the appropriate use of the land between such streets and highway or railroad, but not less than 150 feet.

(3) Streets parallel to a limited-access highway. Streets parallel to a limited-access highway or railroad right-of-way, when intersecting a major street and highway or collector street which crosses said railroad or highway, shall be located at a minimum distance of 250 feet from said highway or railroad right-of-way. Such distance, where desirable and practicable, shall be determined with due consideration of the minimum distance required for the future separation of grades by means of appropriate approach gradients.

(4) Minor streets. Minor streets immediately adjacent and parallel to railroad rights-of-way shall be avoided, and location of minor streets immediately adjacent to arterial streets and highways and to railroad rights-of-way shall be avoided in residential areas.

§ 320-37 Construction and dedication of streets and roads.

A. General requirements.

(1) Construction standards. All roadway construction and materials used shall be performed in accordance with the construction methods as listed in the appropriate sections of the "State of Wisconsin Department of Transportation Standard Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction," and its supplements, and this chapter, whichever is more restrictive. The design requirements of this section and § 320-36 shall be applicable to all streets and roads that are to be dedicated to the Village, regardless of whether such streets or roads are part of a new subdivision or land division. Design requirements for the pavement shall be adequate for the zoning classification of the area served by the subject street. A street which divides areas with different zoning classifications shall be constructed in accordance with the requirements of the area requiring the higher quality pavement. Any variation of this must have prior approval of the Village Engineer. Combination concrete curb and gutter is required on all streets. [Refer to Subsection B(15) describing requirements for curbs and gutters.] A copy of all design assumptions and computations on which the proposed design is based shall be submitted to the Village Engineer.

(2) Project costs. All roadway surveys, dedications, plans and specifications and construction will be at the expense of the applicant or applicants. This includes any expense incurred by the Village in the preparation of plans and review and inspection of plans and construction.

(3) Preliminary consultation. Prior to the design, preparation and construction of any roadway to be dedicated to the Village of Randolph, the applicant shall notify the Village Engineer. An on-site meeting will then be arranged to be attended by the Village Engineer and the applicant. Plans must be provided in order for the Village Engineer to check the design and the drainage.

(4) Material slips. Copies of material slips for all materials furnished for the road construction projects shall be delivered to the Village before the Village approves the final construction.

(5) Required inspections. Prior to the commencement of any street construction, the subdivider shall notify the Village Engineer, at least one workday in advance, as to the nature of the work being done. The Village Engineer shall be contacted for required inspections after the following phases of construction: subbase grading, crushed aggregate base course, bituminous surface course and shouldering. Any deficiencies found by the Village Engineer shall be corrected before proceeding to the next phase of construction.

(6) Tests of materials. The Village reserves the right to obtain a sample of the roadway base material prior to placement on the roadway for purposes of determining whether the material meets gradation and soundness requirements.

(7) Pavement samples. Samples of bituminous concrete may be taken by the Village during pavement construction operations for purposes of determining that the material meets specifications.

B. Construction standards. All streets and highways constructed in the Village or to be dedicated to the Village shall fully comply with the following construction standards and shall be adequate for the zoning classification or projected use of the area served by the street:

(1) General. After completion of the underground utilities and approval thereof, the streets shall be constructed. Unless phasing of construction of improvements is approved by the Village Board or its designee, building permits shall not be issued prior to the installation of the street improvements and the approval of an individual lot grading plan that conforms to the guidelines of the master site grading plan, as determined by the Village Engineer or his designee.

(2) Street rights-of-way. Streets shall have a right-of-way width as established on the Official Map or as designated in § 320-36E; provided, however, that a greater or lesser roadway width may be required by the Village Engineer where necessary to assure uniformity along the entire length of any street.

(3) Temporary streets. Construction of temporary streets shall require authorization of the Village Board.

(4) Standard street improvements.

(a) Standard street improvements shall include streetlights, concrete curb and gutter, bituminous base course, bituminous surface course and, when required, walkways.

(b) The construction of standard street improvements can begin only when either:

[1] The underground utilities were installed in the previous construction season; or

[2] The construction of underground utilities included mechanical compaction, and compaction tests have been approved by the Village Engineer.

(c) Upon obtaining the written approval of the Village Engineer, the subdivider can proceed with the construction of the standard street improvements. Standard street improvements shall be installed to the boundary line of the subdivision, unless the street culminates in a cul-de-sac, the topography or other physical conditions make it impossible to do so, or unless this requirement is waived, in writing, by the Village Board.

(d) Where he deems appropriate, the Village Engineer may require that pavement construction take place over a two-year period, with the lower coat being placed in the same year as the underground utilities are constructed and with the upper coat being placed in the following year, after thorough cleaning and application of a tack coat to the first coat.

(5) Roadway base standards.

(a) The subdivider must bring all streets and alleys to a grade established by the Village Board. All site work by Village employees in determining grade shall be billed at the Village rate and paid by the owner.

(b) Residential streets shall have a roadway base of 12 inches minimum compacted in-place crushed aggregate base course of gradation No. 2 in the top layer and gradations No. 1 and No. 2 in the lower level.

(c) On commercial, arterial or other heavy-use streets, as determined by the Village Engineer, a base course of 12 inches minimum compacted shall be constructed upon an inspected and approved subgrade.

(d) In the case of commercial, arterial or other heavy-use roads, the Village Board may, in the alternative to the above standards, have the Village Engineer provide specifications for such roads after researching the site(s) and conducting a soil analysis pursuant to Subsection B(8)(c) below.

(e) In any case, the Village Board shall have the sole discretion in determining the use and construction classification to be adhered to.

(f) In all cases, the base course shall be compacted to the extent necessary to produce a condition so that there will be no appreciable displacement of material laterally and longitudinally under traffic and shall conform to line, grades and shape shown on the approved plans, profiles and cross sections.

(g) The subdivider shall furnish drawings which indicate the proposed grades of streets shown on the plat and, after approval of those grades by the Village Engineer and adoption by the Village Board, the streets shall be graded to full width of the right-of-way of the proposed street to the subgrade elevations shown on the typical cross section. The grading is to be completed prior to installation of utilities. All stumps and trees which cannot be saved, boulders and other similar items shall be removed by the subdivider.

(6) Roadway subgrade quality. If deemed necessary by the Village Engineer, CBR tests may be required according to the following standards:

(a) All subgrade material shall have a minimum California Bearing Ratio (CBR) of three. Subgrade material having a CBR less than three shall be removed and replaced with a suitable fill material, or the pavement must be designed to compensate for the soil conditions. The soil support CBR values selected for use by the designer should represent a minimum value for the soil to be used.

(b) Stable and nonorganic subbase material is required. All topsoil shall be first removed. In addition, all subsoils which have a high shrink-swell potential, low-bearing capacity when wet, or are highly elastic shall be removed and used outside of the right-of-way. Where both subsoil and substratum have a high shrink-swell potential and low-bearing capacity when wet, an underdrain system shall be installed to keep the water level five feet below the pavement surface. Unstable and organic material must be subcut, removed and replaced with a suitable granular or breaker-run material approved by the Village Engineer.

(7) Roadway grading; ditches. Roads shall be graded to their full width in accordance with approved plans, plus an additional distance necessary to establish a 4:1 backslope where ditches are allowed. The roadway shall be compacted and graded to a subgrade using, where necessary, approved fill material in accordance with Wisconsin Department of Transportation standards. Roadside ditches, where allowed by the Village, shall be a minimum of 26 inches below the finished roadway center-line elevation, or as approved by the Village Engineer. Debris may not be buried in the designated road right-of-way. Roadway ditches shall have a normal slope ratio of 3:1 from the edge of the shoulder to the bottom of the ditch and 2:1 on the backslope.

(8) Pavement thickness.

(a) Residential and rural-type roads shall have a minimum of three-inch-thick compacted hot-mix bituminous concrete pavement placed in two layers, a binder course of 1 1/2 inches thick and a surface course of 1 1/2 inches.

(b) On commercial, arterial or other heavy-use roads, there shall be a minimum of 3 1/2 inches of bituminous concrete pavement placed in two layers, a binder course of two inches thick and a surface course of 1 1/2 inches thick.

(c) In the case of commercial, arterial or other heavy-use roads, the Village Board may, in the alternative to the above standards, have the Village Engineer provide specifications for paving such roads with a greater thickness after researching the site(s) and conducting a soil analysis. In any case, the Village Board shall have the sole discretion in determining the use and construction classification to be adhered to. In no event shall paving occur later than 18 months from the Village's approval of the final or official plat. All subsequent shouldering where ditches are allowed shall be brought to even grade with bituminous mat.

(d) Contraction joints shall be tooled, saw cut, or formed by insertion of a metal plate in the concrete at intervals not exceeding 12 feet and on each side of any structures located in the concrete (i.e., inlets).

(9) Shoulder width.

(a) A shoulder a minimum of four feet wide on each side of the road is required where curb and gutter is not used, and wider when required by the town road standards as noted in § 82.50, Wis. Stats.

(b) Where ditches are allowed, road shoulders shall have a minimum thickness of 2 1/2 inches of compacted in-place crushed state-approved aggregate base course, over a minimum six inches of compacted in-place crushed state-approved aggregate base course, except that shoulder thickness shall match the thickness of the pavement, provided that there is a minimum shoulder thickness of six inches.

(10) Roadway culverts and bridges. Roadway culverts and bridges shall be constructed as directed by the Village Engineer and sized utilizing the methods listed in Chapter 13, Drainage, of the Facilities Development Manual of the Wisconsin Department of Transportation. All roadway culverts shall be provided with concrete or metal apron endwalls. The developer shall provide adequate facilities to provide surface water drainage as well as free flow outlets for subsurface drain tile where they are required. Where drainage facilities will aid in road construction and the stabilization of the road's subgrade, drainage facilities shall be installed before road construction is started. Existing condition status shall be based on a maximum of a Curve 70.

(11) Driveways.

(a) Curbs shall not be interrupted by openings for driveways or other accessways to private property unless the number and location of such interruptions have been approved pursuant to Chapter 314, Article III, Driveways and Culverts, of this Code.

(b) Driveway specifications shall be as prescribed in Chapter 314, Article III, of this Code.

(c) Driveway culverts shall be sized by the Village Engineer (if appropriate). The culverts shall be placed in the ditch line at elevations that will assure proper drainage, and they shall be provided with concrete, metal or landscape timber endwalls. Driveway culverts shall be installed as prescribed in Chapter 314, Article III, of this Code.

(12) Topsoil, grass, seed, fertilizer and mulch. All disturbed areas (ditches, backslopes) within the road right-of-way not provided with pavement and shouldering material shall be restored utilizing four inches of topsoil and good quality grass seed, fertilizer and mulch. Ditches along the roadway shall be protected by erosion control materials such as hay bales, sod, erosion control mats, etc.

(13) Drainage improvements. In the case of all new roads and streets, the Village Engineer may require that stormwater retention areas and storm sewers be constructed in order to provide for proper drainage.

(14) Continuity and transitions.

(a) All street pavement widths on streets continued from previously developed or platted streets shall, wherever practical, provide for the greater of either the existing or required pavement type, width, grade and cross-slope.

(b) Where it is necessary to provide for a transition of pavement width and/or type between new and existing streets, the transition shall occur in a safe manner at an intersection. In the event a transition in pavement width cannot safely occur at an intersection, it shall not occur closer than 250 feet to the intersection of right-of-way lines. In width transitions, the ratio of the transition length to width shall not be less than 15:1 unless the Village Engineer determines that special circumstances prevent use of such ratio, in which case the minimum transition ratio shall be 10:1.

(15) Curb and gutter. Combination concrete curb and gutter is required on all streets. Curb and gutter in residential areas shall have a six-inch barrier curb with a twenty-four-inch flag, except at driveway aprons where depressed curb shall be constructed. Depressed curb ramps shall be constructed at all handicap ramps for sidewalks and at all bikeways. Said curbs and gutters shall be constructed of concrete, 3,500 PSI strength at 28 days, and contain two continuous one-half-inch diameter reinforcing rods in the gutter flag at locations crossing underground utility excavations or where otherwise directed by the Village Engineer. Expansion joints 1/2 inch thick shall be placed in the curb at each starting and ending of a radius and at intervals not exceeding 300 feet and where otherwise directed by the Village Engineer. The bars shall be provided where curb and gutter is adjacent to rigid pavements.

(16) Post-construction traffic limited. No vehicular traffic shall be permitted on the pavement for a minimum period of between 24 and 72 hours following paving, as determined necessary by the Village Engineer to protect the new pavement.

C. Selection of alternative design. The Village Engineer shall select a pavement structure to be used after reviewing equivalent alternative pavement designs with the subdivider. The Village Engineer shall require one or more of the pavement designs of the subdivider based on the following criteria:

(1) Life cycle cost.

(2) History of similar pavements in the area.

(3) Adjacent existing pavements.

(4) Staging of construction.

(5) Construction season.

(6) Friction requirements.

(7) Depressed, surface, or elevated design.

(8) Higher governmental preference (e.g., if state highway).

(9) Stimulation of competition.

(10) Conservation of materials.

(11) Construction considerations.

(12) Recognition of local industry.

(13) Availability of materials and methods locally.

D. Final inspection. Upon completion of proposed streets, the Village Engineer will proceed to make a final inspection, accepting or rejecting the street as the case may be. After all of the provisions of this chapter have been complied with, the street will be inspected by Village officials, and, at that time, proof will be made by the presenting of waivers of liens or receipted bills that all work that has been done has been paid for, or arrangements have been made for the payment through written instrument by the subdivider. If the street is rejected, corrections shall be made as required by the Village Board, upon the Village Engineer's recommendation, before final inspection can then be made again. If final acceptance is then made, the owner or owners shall dedicate to the Village all land necessary for streets. The subdivider shall warranty the fitness of street improvements for one year after construction.

§ 320-38 Blocks.

A. Length; arrangement. The lengths, widths and shapes of blocks shall be appropriate for the topography and the type of development contemplated, but block length (measured in the long dimension from street center line to street center line) shall not be less than 500 feet nor exceed 1,200 feet nor have less than sufficient width to provide for two tiers of lots of appropriate depth between street lines. A block shall be so designated as to provide two tiers of lots, unless it adjoins a railroad, major thoroughfare, river or park where it may have a single tier of lots. Culs-de-sac may be used where the interblock spacing of adjacent streets exceeds the appropriate depth of two tiers of lots.

B. Pedestrian pathways. Pedestrian pathway easements not less than 10 feet wide may be required by the Village Board through the center of a block more than 900 feet long, where deemed essential to provide circulation or access to schools, playgrounds, shopping centers, transportation and other community facilities.

C. Street tree planting strip easements. Tree planting strip easements shall be provided for on both sides of all streets when the street terrace is insufficient. The minimum easement width shall be 10 feet and shall be adjacent to the front property line. Street trees shall be maintained by the adjacent property owner in accordance with Village ordinances.

D. Sidewalks. Sidewalks shall be constructed according to the standards in § 314-5 of this Code. In areas where sidewalks and bikeways are to be laid to the established grade of the street, the street edge of the sidewalk or bikeway pavement shall be at an elevation above the top of the curb determined by a slope of 1/2 inch per foot times the distance between the curb and the street sidewalk or bikeway edge. The sidewalk or bikeway pavement shall be sloped at a minimum of 1/4 inch per foot and a maximum of 3/4 inch per foot toward the street, unless public drainage is available behind the sidewalk or bikeway.

E. Bikeways. Bikeways shall be constructed of bituminous pavement, at least eight feet in width, in accordance with standard Village specifications.

§ 320-39 Lots.

A. Lot dimension.

(1) Minimum lot areas and lateral dimensions shall be as set forth in Chapter 375, Zoning, of this Code. Every lot shall front or abut for a distance of at least 80 feet on a public street or 45 feet on a cul-de-sac and have a minimum width at the building line of 80 feet.[1]

[1] Editor's Note: Amended at time of adoption of Code (see Ch. 1, General Provisions, Art. II).

(2) Subdivision lots in the Village shall be in conformance with the area and width requirements of Chapter 375, Zoning, of this Code. Area and width requirements of subdivision lots in the extraterritorial plat approval jurisdiction shall conform to any Village zoning ordinances or extraterritorial zoning regulations which may be in effect and Ch. SPS 385, Wis. Adm. Code. The requirements of the zoning regulations insofar as they may specify greater areas or distance shall be complied with.

B. Commercial or industrial lots. Depth and width of properties reserved or laid out for commercial or industrial purposes shall be adequate to provide for the off-street service and parking facilities required by the type of use and development contemplated, as required by Chapter 375, Zoning, of this Code.

C. Minimum lot frontage. All lots shall have a minimum of 80 feet of platted frontage on a public street to allow access by emergency and service motor vehicles, unless part of a planned unit development approved by the Village Board. Alley frontage (public or private) shall not constitute meeting this minimum frontage requirement.[2]

[2] Editor's Note: Amended at time of adoption of Code (see Ch. 1, General Provisions, Art. II).

D. Lots where abutting arterial highway. Residential lots adjacent to major and minor arterial streets and highways and/or railroads shall be platted with an extra 15 feet of lot and an extra 15 feet of minimum yard setback and shall otherwise be designed to alleviate the adverse effects on residential adjacent lots platted to the major street, highway, railroad or other such features.

E. Corner lots. Corner lots for residential use shall have extra width to permit full building setback from both streets, or as required by applicable zoning regulations.

F. Access to public street. Every lot shall front or abut on a public street for a distance of at least 80 feet, or 45 feet on a cul-de-sac, and shall be not less than 80 feet in width at the front building line or as required by Chapter 375, Zoning, of this Code, the more restrictive of which shall apply.[3]

[3] Editor's Note: Amended at time of adoption of Code (see Ch. 1, General Provisions, Art. II).

G. Side lots. Side lot lines shall be substantially at right angles to or radial to abutting street center lines. Lot lines shall follow Village boundary lines.

H. Double and reversed frontage lots. Double frontage and reversed frontage lots shall be avoided except where necessary to provide separation of residential development from traffic arteries or to overcome specific disadvantages of topography and orientation.

I. Natural features. In the dividing of any land, regard shall be shown for all natural features, such as tree growth, watercourses, historic spots or similar conditions which, if preserved, will add attractiveness and stability to the proposed development.

J. Land remnants. All remnants of lots below minimum size left over after dividing of a larger tract must be added to adjacent lots, or a plan shown as to future use, rather than allowed to remain as unusable parcels.

K. Large lots. In case a tract is divided and results in parcels of more than twice the minimum lot size provided for by Chapter 375, Zoning, of this Code for the zoning district in which the land is located, such parcels shall be so arranged to permit redividing into parcels in accordance with this chapter and with Chapter 375, Zoning, of this Code.

L. Trunk highway proximity. All lots adjacent to state trunk and federal highways shall be platted with additional depth necessary to provide for a building setback line not less than 50 feet from the nearer right-of-way line or 110 feet from the center line, whichever is more restrictive (reference Ch. Trans 233, Wis. Adm. Code). The subdivider may appeal this requirement to the Village Engineer. Upon written request of the Village Engineer, the Wisconsin Department of Transportation is hereby authorized to then determine building setback requirements equal to or less than those required above in all land divisions (including certified surveys) adjacent to state and federal highways in accordance with the authority granted in the Administrative Code. The required building setback line and additional lot depth shall be platted so as to accommodate such required building setbacks.

M. Easement allowance. Lots containing pedestrian or drainage easements shall be platted to include additional width in allowance for the easement.

N. Drainageway and watercourses. Lots abutting upon a watercourse, drainageway, channel or stream shall have such additional depth or width as required by the Village Engineer to obtain building sites that are not subject to flooding from a post-development one-hundred-year storm.

§ 320-40 Drainage and stormwater management system.

A. Purpose. The following provisions in this section are established to preserve and provide properly located public sites and facilities for drainage and stormwater management as the community develops and to insure that the costs of providing and developing such public sites are equitably apportioned on the basis of serving the need for the management of increased stormwater quantities resulting from land development.

B. Drainage system required.

(1) As required by § 320-26, a drainage system shall be designed and constructed by the subdivider to provide for the proper drainage of the surface water of the land division and the drainage area of which it is a part. Post-development peak runoff rates shall be limited to predevelopment levels, up to and including twenty-five-year return period storms. A final plat shall not be approved until the subdivider shall submit plans, profiles and specifications as specified in this section, which have been prepared by a registered professional engineer and approved or modified by the Village Board, upon the recommendation of the Village Engineer.

(2) Lots shall be laid out so as to provide positive drainage away from all buildings, and individual lot drainage shall be coordinated with the general storm drainage pattern for the area. Drainage shall be designed so as to avoid concentration of storm drainage water from each lot to adjacent lots.

(3) The Village Board shall not approve any subdivision plat which does not provide adequate means for stormwater or floodwater runoff. Any stormwater drainage system will be separate and independent of any sanitary sewer system. Storm sewers, where necessary, shall be designed in accordance with all governmental regulations, and a copy of design computations for engineering capacities shall accompany plans submitted by the planning engineer for the final plat. When calculations indicate that curb capacities are exceeded at a point, no further allowance shall be made for flow beyond that point, and basins shall be used to intercept flow at that point.

C. Drainage system plans.

(1) The subdivider shall submit to the Village at the time of filing a final plat a drainage plan or engineering report on the ability of existing watercourse channels, storm sewers, culverts and other improvements pertaining to drainage or flood control within the subdivision to handle the additional runoff which would be generated by the development of the land within the subdivision. Additional information shall be submitted to adequately indicate that provision has been made for disposal of surface water without any damage to the developed or undeveloped land downstream or below the proposed subdivision. The report shall also include:

(a) Estimates of the quantity of stormwater entering the subdivision naturally from areas outside the subdivision.

(b) Quantities of flow at each inlet or culvert.

(c) Location, sizes and grades of required culverts, storm drainage sewers and other required appurtenances.

(2) A grading plan for the streets, blocks and lots shall be submitted by the subdivider for the area within the subdivision.

(3) The design criteria for storm drainage systems shall be based upon information provided by the Village Engineer.

(4) Material and construction specifications for all drainage projects (i.e., pipe, culverts, seed, sod, etc.) shall be in compliance with specifications provided by the Village Engineer.

D. Drainage system requirements. The subdivider shall install all the storm drainage facilities indicated on the plans required in Subsection A of this section necessary to serve, and resulting from, the phase of the land division under development.

(1) Street drainage. All streets shall be provided with an adequate storm drainage system. The street storm system shall serve as the minor drainage system and shall be designed to carry street, adjacent land and building stormwater drainage. Stormwater shall not be permitted to be run into the sanitary sewer system within the proposed subdivision.

(2) Off-street drainage. The design of the off-street major drainage system shall include the entire watershed affecting the land division and shall be extended to a watercourse or ditch adequate to receive the storm drainage. When the drainage system is outside of the street right-of-way, the subdivider shall make provisions for dedicating an easement pursuant to Subsection F to the Village to provide for the future maintenance of said system.

E. Protection of drainage systems. The subdivider shall adequately protect all ditches to the satisfaction of the Village Engineer. Ditches and open channels shall be seeded, sodded or paved depending upon grades and soil types. (Generally, ditches or channels with grades up to 1% shall be seeded, those with grades up to 4% shall be sodded and those with grades over 4% shall be paved.)

F. Drainage easements. Where a land division is traversed by a watercourse, drainageway, channel or stream:

(1) There shall be provided a stormwater easement or drainage right-of-way conforming substantially to the lines of such watercourse and such further width or construction, or both, as will be adequate for the purpose and as may be necessary to comply with this section; or

(2) The watercourse, drainageway, channel or stream may be relocated in such a manner that the maintenance of adequate drainage will be assured and the same provided with a stormwater easement or drainage right-of-way conforming to the lines of the relocated watercourse, and such further width or construction, or both, as will be adequate for the purpose and as may be necessary to comply with this section; or

(3) Wherever possible, drainage shall be maintained in an easement by an open channel with landscaped banks and adequate width for maximum potential volume flow. In all cases, such easements shall be of a minimum width established at the high-water mark or, in the absence of such specification, not less than 30 feet.

G. Dedication of drainageways. Whenever a parcel is to be subdivided or consolidated and embraces any part of a drainageway identified on a Village comprehensive stormwater management plan, Comprehensive Plan and/or Official Map or any portion thereof, such part of said existing or proposed public drainageway shall be platted and dedicated by the subdivider as an easement or right-of-way in the location and at the size indicated along with all other streets and public ways in the land division. Whenever any parcel is to be subdivided or consolidated and is part of a drainage district established under the authority of Ch. 88, Wis. Stats., the subdivider shall petition the Circuit Court to transfer the jurisdiction of that portion of the drainage district being subdivided or consolidated to the Village in accordance with § 88.83, Wis. Stats.

H. Dedication/preservation of stormwater management facilities. The subdivider shall dedicate sufficient land area for the storage of stormwater to meet the needs to be created by the proposed land development and in accordance with the standards for on-site detention and as determined by the Village Engineer. Whenever a proposed stormwater management facility (e.g., detention or retention basin) shown on the comprehensive stormwater management plan, Comprehensive Plan and/or Official Map is located, in whole or in part, within the proposed land division, ground areas for providing the required storage capacity in such proposed public facility shall be dedicated to the public to the requirements of the Comprehensive Plan and/or Official Map. Storage areas necessary to serve areas outside the land division shall be held in reserve for a period of five years from the date of final plat approval for future dedication to the Village or other appropriate agency.

I. Storm drainage facilities. The subdivider, at his/her cost, shall install all drainage facilities identified in the erosion control plan or determined by the Village Engineer as being necessary for the management of all lands and roadways within the development. In addition, drainage capacity through the development from other areas shall be provided in accordance with a comprehensive surface water management study, if applicable. All required storm drainage facilities shall be constructed and operational prior to acceptance of any dedications and/or public improvements served by the storm drainage facilities.

J. Minor drainage system. The subdivider shall install all minor drainage system components necessary to reduce inconvenience and damages from frequent storms. Minor drainage components shall include all inlets, piping, gutters, channels, ditching, pumping and other facilities designed to accommodate the post-development runoff resulting from a five-year, twenty-four-hour rainfall (ten-year, twenty-four-hour rainfall for commercial zoning district) event as determined in the most current edition of the Natural Resources Conservation Service Technical Release 55 (TR 55). Temporary accumulations of storm runoff from ponding or flowing water, in or near minor system components, shall be permitted, providing such accumulations do not allow the water to flow across the crown of the street from one side to the other. For arterial streets and streets located in commercial districts, ponding within normal traffic lanes (10 feet on each side of the center line of the street) is prohibited. In drainageways and drainageway easements, accumulations of water shall not inundate beyond the limits of the drainageway or drainageway easement. Cross-street drainage channels (valley gutters) shall not be permitted except on cul-de-sac or permanent dead-end streets serving fewer than 10 dwelling units and where the minimum grade in the valley gutter and street gutter between the valley gutter and the next downstream drainage inlet is not less than 1.00%.[1]

[1] Editor's Note: Amended at time of adoption of Code (see Ch. 1, General Provisions, Art. II).

K. Major drainage system. The subdivider shall install all major drainage system components necessary to reduce inconvenience and damages from infrequent storms. Major system components shall include large channels and drainageways, streets, easements and other paths and shall be capable of accommodating post-development runoff in excess of that accommodated by minor system components resulting from twenty-four-hour rainfall events for storms with return frequencies greater than two years up to and including the one-hundred-year return event (as identified in TR 55). Runoff resulting from a one-hundred-year, twenty-four-hour rainfall event shall be contained within the street right-of-way or designated storm drainage easement or detention facility.

L. Drainage piping systems.

(1) Unless otherwise approved by the Village Engineer, all drainage piping of 12 inches diameter and greater in street rights-of-way shall be constructed of Class 3 reinforced concrete pipe. Piping materials outside of rights-of-way shall be subject to approval of the Village Engineer. All storm sewer outlets shall be equipped with steel bar or iron pipe debris gates.

(2) Agricultural drain tiles which are disturbed during construction shall be restored, reconnected or connected to public storm drainage facilities.

M. Open channel systems.

(1) Where open channels are utilized in either the minor or major drainage system, they shall be designed so as to minimize maintenance requirements and maximize safety. Drainage easements (in lieu of dedications) shall be utilized to accommodate open channels, and adequate access shall be provided to the Village for maintenance of drainage facilities. Side slopes shall not exceed a slope of 4:1. Drainageways, where subject to high groundwater, continuous flows, or other conditions as determined by the Village Engineer that would hamper maintenance operations due to consistently wet conditions, shall have a paved concrete invert of not less than eight feet wide and side slopes to a point one foot above the channel invert.[2]

[2] Editor's Note: Amended at time of adoption of Code (see Ch. 1, General Provisions, Art. II).

(2) In areas where invert paving is not required, the drainageway bottom shall be grass. If the drainageway has a bare soil bottom or the natural grasses in the drainageway are disturbed due to development operations, the drainageway bottom shall be sodded and securely staked to one foot above the elevation of inundation resulting from a predevelopment five-year, twenty-four-hour storm event. Other disturbed areas shall be seeded and prepared in accordance with the Village's erosion control requirements. Velocities for grass-lined channels shall not exceed those presented in the Village's surface water management study, if one is adopted.

N. Standards for on-site detention. When the subdivider employs on-site detention to control erosion and sedimentation, reduce the post-development peak runoff rate or temporarily store stormwater runoff due to inadequate downstream drainage facilities, the detention (storage) facilities shall be subject to regulation in accordance with the following standards:

(1) Where on-site detention is temporarily employed for erosion and sedimentation control, the detention facilities shall safely contain the predevelopment runoff from a five-year storm event of twenty-four-hour duration.

(2) Where on-site detention is permanently employed to reduce the post-development peak runoff, the detention facility shall safely contain the post-development runoff from a twenty-five-year storm event of twenty-four-hour duration within the limits of the facility.

(3) Post-development peak runoff rates shall be limited to predevelopment levels, up to and including twenty-five-year return period storms.

(4) All detention facilities shall safely contain or pass the runoff from any storm of any duration which exceeds the maximum storm required to be contained up to the one-hundred-year storm event of twenty-four-hour duration.

(5) All permanent detention facilities shall safely contain the runoff from the one-hundred-year storm event of twenty-four-hour duration on both public and, if necessary, private properties without inundating any building at the ground elevation, the travel lanes of any arterial street, the center 10 feet of any collector street or the top of the curb on any local street.

(6) Determination of on-site detention volumes shall be computed by procedures established by the United States Natural Resources Conservation Service in the most current edition of its technical publication entitled "Urban Hydrology for Small Watersheds, TR-55," and as accepted and approved by the Village Engineer.[3]

[3] Editor's Note: Amended at time of adoption of Code (see Ch. 1, General Provisions, Art. II).

(7) The storage of stormwater runoff shall not encroach on any public park (except parks designed with detention facilities) or any private lands outside the land division, unless an easement providing for such storage has been approved and recorded for said lands.

(8) All detention facilities shall be designed with the safety of the general public and any considerations for ease of maintenance as top priorities.

(9) Any wet detention facilities shall include riprap to not less than two feet above the normal pool elevation for protection from wave action.

(10) The sides of all detention facilities shall have a maximum slope ratio of 4:1 (horizontal to vertical), with flatter slopes being required where determined practical by the Village Engineer.

(11) The Village Board, upon recommendation by the Village Engineer, may require the installation of fencing or other such security measures in detention facilities with excessively long down times or permanent water features, or other features requiring additional security for safety reasons.

(12) The maximum depth of a detention pond shall be two feet, and it shall be protected, if required by the Village, by fencing according to specifications by the Village Engineer.

§ 320-41 Nonresidential subdivisions.

A. General.

(1) If a proposed subdivision includes land that is zoned for commercial or industrial purposes, the layout of the subdivision with respect to such land shall make such provisions as the Village may require.

(2) A nonresidential subdivision shall also be subject to all requirements of plan approval set forth in § 140-2. A nonresidential subdivision shall be subject to all the requirements of this chapter, as well as such additional standards required by the Village, and shall conform to the proposed land use standards established by any Village Comprehensive Plan or Official Map and Chapter 375, Zoning, of this Code.[1]

[1] Editor's Note: Amended at time of adoption of Code (see Ch. 1, General Provisions, Art. II).

B. Standards. In addition to the principles and standards in this chapter, which are appropriate to the planning of all subdivisions, the applicant shall demonstrate to the satisfaction of the Village Board that the street, parcel and block pattern proposed is specifically adapted to the uses anticipated and takes into account other uses in the vicinity. The following principles and standards shall be observed:

(1) Proposed industrial parcels shall be suitable in area and dimensions to the types of industrial development anticipated.

(2) Street rights-of-way and pavement shall be adequate to accommodate the type and volume of traffic anticipated to be generated thereupon.

(3) Special requirements may be imposed by the Village Board, upon the recommendation of the Village Engineer, with respect to street, curb, gutter and sidewalk design and construction.

(4) Special requirements may be imposed by the Village Board, upon the recommendation of the Village Engineer, with respect to the installation of public utilities, including water, sewer and stormwater drainage.

(5) Every effort shall be made to protect adjacent residential areas from potential nuisance from a proposed commercial or industrial subdivision, including the provision of extra depth in parcels backing up on existing or potential residential development and provisions for permanently landscaped buffer strips when necessary.

(6) Streets carrying nonresidential traffic, especially truck traffic, shall not normally be extended to the boundaries of adjacent existing or potential residential areas.

§ 320-42 Grading.

The subdivider shall grade each land division in order to establish street, block and lot grades in proper relation to each other and to topography as follows:

A. Master site grading plan.

(1) A master site grading plan shall be prepared by the subdivider for all new subdivisions. This plan shall be prepared in accordance with the requirements and standards of the Village.

(2) The master site grading plan shall show existing and proposed elevations of all lot corners, control points and building locations. The plan shall also indicate all overland storm drainage in and adjacent to the subdivision. The cost of the preparation of such a plan shall be paid for by the subdivider.

(3) After approval or modification of these plans by the Village Engineer, the full width of the right-of-way of the proposed streets within the subdivision and the entire subdivision lot area shall be graded in accordance with the master site grading plan. The owners of the subdivision lots shall adhere to those plans.

(4) Upon completion of all street and subdivision grading, the grades shall be checked and certified by the Village Engineer to determine that the completed grading work is in accordance with the master site grading plan.

(5) The cost of all required grading work, supervision, certification, inspection and engineering fees shall be paid for by the subdivider.

B. Right-of-way grading. The subdivider shall grade the full width of the right-of-way of all proposed streets in accordance with the approved plans, including the grading of sight triangles at each intersection.

C. Block grading. Block grading shall be completed by one or more of the following methods:

(1) Regrading along the side or rear lot lines which provides for drainage to the public drainage facilities, provided any ditches or swales are in public drainage easements, provided that a deed restriction is adopted which prohibits alteration of the grades within five feet of any property line from the grades shown on the master site grading plan.

(2) Parts of all lots may be graded to provide for drainage to a ditch or to a swale.

D. Miscellaneous grading requirements.

(1) Lot grading shall be completed so that water drains away from each building site toward public drainage facilities at a grade approved by the Village Engineer, and provisions shall be made to prevent drainage onto properties adjacent to the land division unless to a public drainage facility.

(2) Grading activities shall not result in slopes greater than 3:1 on public lands or lands subject to public access.

(3) The topsoil stripped for grading shall not be removed from the site unless identified in the erosion control plan approved by the Village Engineer as not being necessary for erosion control or site landscaping purposes. Topsoil shall be uniformly returned to the lots when rough grading is finished. Topsoil piles shall be leveled and seeded for erosion control prior to the Village releasing the one-year guarantee provision on public improvements in the streets adjacent to the lots on which the topsoil is stockpiled.

(4) Such grading shall not result in detriment to any existing developed lands, either within or outside of the corporate limits.

E. Drainage flows. The subdivider shall cause to be set upon the master grading plan arrows indicating the directions of drainage flows for each property line not fronting on a street on all parcels and along each street as will result from the grading of the site, the construction of the required public improvements, or which are existing drainage flows and will remain. The arrows indicating the directions of flows shall be appropriately weighted so as to differentiate between the minor and major (one-hundred-year event) drainage components. The arrows shall be accompanied on the master grading plan with the following note: "Arrows indicate the direction of drainage flows in various components resulting from site grading and the construction of required public improvements. The drainage flow components located in easements shall be maintained and preserved by the property owner unless approved by the Village Engineer."

§ 320-43 Erosion control.

The Village finds that urbanizing land uses have accelerated the process of soil erosion, runoff and sediment deposition in the waters of the Village. Therefore, it is declared to be the purpose of this section to control and prevent soil erosion and minimize stormwater runoff increases and thereby to preserve the natural resources, control floods and prevent impairment of dams and reservoirs, protect the quality of public waters, protect wildlife, protect the tax base, and protect and promote the health, safety and general welfare of the people of the Village. All land-disturbing activities shall be subject to the provisions of Chapter 169, Construction Site Erosion Control, of this Code.