[Amended 6/11/2009 by Ord. 09-04]
1. General Standards.
A. Proposed streets shall be properly related to such street plans or
parts thereof as have been officially adopted by Susquehanna Township
and shall be coordinated with existing or proposed streets in adjoining
subdivisions or land developments. Further, proposed streets shall
be properly related to county, regional or State transportation plans
as have been prepared and adopted as prescribed by law.
B. Streets shall be laid out to preserve the integrity of their design.
Local access streets shall be laid out to discourage their use by
through traffic and, where possible, collector and arterial streets
shall be designed for use by through traffic.
C. Streets shall be related to the topography so as to establish lots
and satisfactory street grades.
D. Proposed street arrangements shall make provisions for continuation
of existing streets in adjoining areas; the proper projection of streets
into adjoining undeveloped or unplanned areas; and the continuation
of proposed streets to the boundaries of the tract being subdivided.
E. New half or partial streets shall be prohibited except where essential
to reasonable subdivision of a tract in conformance with the other
requirements and standards of these regulations and where, in addition,
satisfactory assurance for dedication of the remaining part of the
street can be obtained; a cul-de-sac shall be constructed at the end
of such half street which shall be of a permanent nature, unless a
temporary cul-de-sac is approved.
F. Names of new streets shall not duplicate existing or planned street
names, or approximate such names by the use of suffixes such as streets,
cognizance should be given to existing or planned street names within
the postal delivery district served by the local post office. New
streets shall bear the same name or number of any continuation of
alignment with an existing or planned street.
G. Insofar as possible, streets on which structures are proposed to
front shall be oriented along an east-west axis with maximum deviations
permitted up to 25°, provided that such orientations are feasible
based on soil and slope conditions and are a practical means of providing
safe and convenient access and circulation.
H. Proposed private streets (streets not offered for dedication) are
prohibited, unless they meet the design standards of these regulations.
I. Streets in and bordering a subdivision and or land development plan
shall be coordinated with, and be of such widths and grades and at
such locations so as to accommodate prospective traffic and facilitate
fire and police protection.
2. Street Classification. Three functional classifications of streets
and roads, as classified in the Susquehanna Township Comprehensive
Plan, Chapter Six, are established as follows:
A. Arterial. This classification includes highways which provide intra-county
or intermunicipal traffic substantial volumes. Generally, these highways
should accommodate operating speeds of 55 miles per hour.
B. Collector. This classification is intended to include those highways
which connect minor streets to arterial highways and serve as traffic
corridors connecting residential areas with industrial, shopping and
other services. They may penetrate residential areas. Generally, these
highways will accommodate operating speeds of 35 to 45 miles per hour.
C. Minor. This classification is intended to include streets and roads
that provide direct access to abutting land and connections to higher
classes of roadways. Traffic volumes will be low and travel distance
generally short. These streets and roads should be designed for operating
speeds of 25 miles per hour or under.
D. Where a lot has more than one side of street frontage and there is
a driveway on one side, if it is necessary to determine which side
of the lot fronts for purposes of this Chapter, the lot shall be considered
to front on the street on which the driveway exists. In all other
cases, the lot shall be considered to front on the street which the
lot has the greatest frontages. If the lot frontage and driveway are
not determinative, the lot shall be considered to front on the predominant
street bordering the lot.
3. Street Width.
A. Minimum street right-of-way and cartways widths shall be required
as presented in Table 502.1.
B. Provisions for additional street width (right-of-way) including for
private streets may be required when determined to be necessary by
the Board of Commissioners in specific cases for:
(1)
Public safety and convenience.
(2)
Parking in commercial and industrial areas and in areas of high-density
development.
4. Cul-de-Sac or Dead-End Streets.
A. Dead-end streets are prohibited unless designed as cul-de-sac streets
or designed for future access to adjoining properties.
B. Any dead-end street, for access to any adjoining property or because
of authorized phase development, shall be provided with a temporary,
all weather turn-around within the subdivision or/and land development;
and the use of such turn-around shall be guaranteed to the public
until such time as the street is extended. The maximum length of a
street and cul-de-sac shall be no more than 800 feet. At a minimum
the all-weather turn-around shall be constructed of six inches of
compacted 2A stone.
C. Temporary turnarounds or culs-de-sac that are anticipated to be in
place, or that are in fact in place, for longer than 18 months shall
be fully paved to Township standards for the respective street classification.
D. Cul-de-sac streets serving residential uses, permanently designed
as such, shall not exceed 800 feet in length and shall not furnish
access to more than 24 dwelling units.
E. Cul-de-sac streets serving commercial and/or industrial uses shall
be adequate for the type of use to be serviced as approved by the
Municipal Engineer but, in no case, shall exceed 800 feet in length.
Table 502.1
Street Widths and Materials
|
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|
Cartway Width
|
Material Specifications
|
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Street Type
|
ROW Width
|
With Curb
|
Base Material
|
Paving
|
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Arterial Streets
|
As determined by the governing body and Planning Commission
after consultation with the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation
|
Collector Streets
|
60 feet
|
34 feet
|
SAMD HMA Base Course, PG 64-22, 0.3 to <3 million ESALS,
25.0 mm Mix, 5" depth
|
SAMD HMA Wearing Course, PG 64-22, 0.3 to <3 million ESALS,
9.5 mm Mix, 1 1/2" depth, SRL*
|
|
|
|
-AND
|
-AND-
|
|
|
|
Base (No. 2A Crushed Aggregate), 6" depth
|
SAMD HMA Binder Course, PG 64-22, 0.3 to <3 million ESALS,
19.0 mm Mix, 2" depth
|
Minor Streets (Industrial/ Commercial Use)
|
60 feet
|
34 feet
|
Same as collector streets
|
Same as collector streets
|
Minor Streets (General)
|
50 feet
|
30 feet
|
SAMD HMA Base Course, PG 64-22, 0 to <0.3 million ESALS,
25.0 mm Mix, 5" depth
|
SAMD HMA Wearing Course, PG 64-22, 0 to <0.3 million ESALS,
9.5 mm Mix, 1 1/2" depth, SRL*
|
|
|
|
-AND-
|
|
|
|
|
Base (No. 2A Crushed Aggregate), 6" depth
|
|
Turn-around of Cul-de-sac (diameter)
|
100 feet
|
80 feet
|
Same as minor (general)
|
Same as minor (general)
|
Service Drive (private)
|
N/A
|
30 feet
|
SAMD HMA Binder Course, PG 64-22, 0.3 to <3 million ESALS,
19.0 mm Mix, 2" depth
|
SAMD HMA Wearing Course, PG 64-22, 0 to <0.3 million ESALS,
9.5 mm Mix, 1 1/2" depth, SRL*
|
|
|
|
-AND-
|
|
|
|
|
Base (No. 4 Crushed Aggregate), 8" depth
|
|
* Skid Resistance Level (SRL) Determination
|
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Average Daily Traffic
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SRL
|
Alternates
|
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20,000 and above
|
E
|
None
|
|
5,000 to 20,000
|
H
|
E, H, Blend of E/M, Blend of E/G
|
|
3,000 to 5,000
|
G
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E, H, G Blend of H/L, Blend of E/L
|
|
1,000 to 3,000
|
M
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E, H, G, M, Blend of H/L, Blend of G/L, Blend of E/L
|
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1,000 and below
|
L
|
Any
|
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NOTE: All blends are 50% by weight and shall be
accomplished by an approved method.
|
F. Unless future extension is clearly impractical or undesirable, the
turn-around right-of-way shall be placed adjacent to the tract boundary
with sufficient additional width provided along the boundary line
to permit extension of the street at full width.
G. All cul-de-sac streets, whether permanently or temporarily designed
as such, shall be provided with a turn-around.
(1)
The minimum radius to the pavement edge or curb line shall be
40 feet, and the minimum radius of the right-of-way line shall be
50 feet.
H. Drainage of cul-de-sac streets shall preferably be towards the open
end. If drainage is toward the closed end it shall be conducted away
in an underground storm sewer.
I. The center-line grade on a cul-de-sac street shall not exceed 10%,
and the grade of the diameter of the turnaround shall not exceed 5%.
5. Driveways.
A. Private driveways on corner lots shall be located at least 40 feet
from the point of intersection of the nearest street right-of-way
lines.
B. In order to provide safe and convenient means of access, grades on
private driveways shall be so designed to allow for the unimpeded
flow of stormwater runoff. In addition, driveways must be stabilized
to their full width to prevent erosion. Entrances should be rounded
at a minimum radius of five feet, or should have a flare construction
that is equivalent to the radius at the point of intersection with
the cartways edge (curbline), except for residential driveways serving
no more than two residences. (Refer to Pennsylvania Department of
Transportation, Guidelines for Design of Local Roads and Streets,
Publication No. 70, as revised.)
C. All driveways shall be located, designed and constructed in such
a manner as not to interfere or be inconsistent with the design, maintenance
and drainage of streets or the safe and convenient passage of traffic.
D. No driveway, private driveway, or access drive shall serve more than
six residential units. A parking lot may serve more than six residential
units; however, any parking lot that serves more than 24 residential
units shall have a minimum of two points of access to a street. The
two points of access must, at a minimum, conform to the aisle width
requirements for the parking area.
E. No shared driveways shall be approved except where governed by a
recorded shared driveway agreement at a minimum setting forth maintenance
requirement, snow removal obligations, decision-making in the driveway
and funding of the same.
6. Horizontal and Vertical Curves. In order to provide adequate sight
distance and ensure proper alignment of streets, horizontal and vertical
curve design shall be in accordance with the Pennsylvania Department
of Transportation, Guidelines for Design of Local Roads and Streets,
Publication No. 70, as revised.
7. Intersections.
A. Streets shall intersect as nearly as possible at right angles, and
no street shall intersect another at an angle of less than 75°.
B. Intersections involving the junction of more than two streets are
prohibited.
C. Streets intersecting another street shall either intersect directly
opposite to each other, or shall be separated by at least 150 feet
between center lines, measured along the center line of the street
being intersected.
D. Intersections shall be approached on all sides by a straight leveling
area, the grade of which shall not exceed 5% within 60 feet of the
intersection of the nearest right-of-way lines.
E. Intersections with major streets shall be located not less than 800
feet apart, measured from center line to center line, along the center
line of the major street.
F. At intersections of streets the curb or edge of pavement radii shall
not be less than the following:
|
Intersection
|
Minimum Simple Curve Radii of Curb or Edge of Pavement
|
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|
Collector with Collector Street
|
35 feet
|
|
Collector with Minor Street
|
25 feet
|
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Minor Street with Minor Street
|
15 feet
|
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NOTE: Radius corners or diagonal cutoffs must be
provided on the property lines substantially concentric with or parallel
to the chord of the curb radius corners.
|
8. Intersection Sight Distance and Clear Sight Triangles. Adequate sight
distances and areas of unobstructed view shall be provided at all
intersections of streets, and for driveways intersecting a street,
in accordance with Exhibit VI.
9. Street Grades.
A. The grades of streets shall not be less than the minimum or more
than the maximum requirements listed below:
|
Type of Street
|
Minimum Grade
|
Maximum Grade
|
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|
All Streets
|
0.5%
|
As Specified Below
|
|
Arterial Streets
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0.5%
|
As determined by the Governing Body after consultation with
the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation
|
|
Collector Streets
|
0.5%
|
Eight percent
|
|
Minor Streets
|
0.5%
|
Ten percent
|
|
Service Drives
|
0.5%
|
Twelve percent for a maximum of 200 ft.
|
|
Street Intersections
|
0.5%
|
Five percent
|
B. On minor streets and service drives, grades than 10% shall not be
more than 400 feet in length, or as determined by the Board of Commissioners.
10. Slopes of Banks Along Streets. The slope of banks along streets measured
perpendicular to the street center line shall be no steeper than the
following:
A. One foot of vertical measurement for three feet of horizontal measurement
for fills.
B. One foot of vertical measurement for two feet of horizontal measurement
for cuts.
11. Access Roads and Drives.
A. Direct access from residential lots to an arterial street shall be
avoided whenever possible. Where such direct access cannot be avoided,
adequate turnaround space shall be provided behind the right-of-way
line.
B. A valid highway occupancy permit shall be obtained from the Pennsylvania
Department of Transportation. Driveways serving single-family residences
shall intersect streets at angles of no less than 60°. All other
driveways or access roads shall intersect streets at right angles,
where possible, and in no instance shall such intersection be less
than 75°.
C. The width of access roads or driveways shall be in accordance with
the following standards:
(1)
For multifamily residential, mobile home parks, and all nonresidential
developments or subdivisions, access roads shall be no less than 22
feet in width at the street line, and shall clearly be defined by
the use of curbing.
(2)
For single-family residential subdivisions, driveways shall
be no less than 10 feet in width and no greater than 20 feet in width
at the street line.
D. In order to provide for safe and convenient ingress and egress points,
access roads and driveway entrances shall be rounded at the following
minimum radius.
(1)
For multifamily residential, mobile home parks, and all nonresidential
developments or subdivisions, access road entrances shall be rounded
at a minimum radius of 10 feet.
(2)
For single-family residential subdivisions, driveway entrances
shall be rounded at a minimum radius of five feet.
E. The grades on access roads or driveways shall not exceed the following:
(1)
Eight percent when access is to an arterial street.
(2)
Ten percent when access is to a collector or minor street.
Lighting shall be required in subdivisions and land developments.
These lighting requirements provide appropriate standards to ensure
adequate nighttime safety and security while minimizing the spillover
of light and glare on operators of motor vehicles, pedestrians and
land uses near the light source. The Comprehensive Plan recognizes
that proper lighting design is an instrument for preserving rural
character or creating a sense of place within developments. However,
it is the safety, welfare, nuisance and hazardous aspects of lighting
that form the basis of these regulations.
A. Requirements. Exterior lighting shall be provided in parking areas,
pedestrian sidewalks and walkways and nonresidential driveway intersections
in accordance with the following standards. Lighting used for security
purposes shall also conform to the following standards. These regulations
permit an option of providing a lower light post for luminaries with
a no-cutoff design or a higher pole, up to 60 feet, for luminaries
that totally cut off light spillover at a cutoff angle smaller than
90°. The maximum height light post permitted shall be dependent
upon the amount of cutoff provided. Exterior lighting shall meet one
of the following standards:
(1)
When the light source or luminaire has no cutoff:
|
|
Maximum Permitted Average Illumination
(footcandles)
|
Maximum Permitted Height of Luminaire
(feet)
|
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|
Residential
|
0.2
|
10 feet
|
|
Nonresidential
|
0.3
|
2 feet
|
(2)
When a luminaire has a total cutoff angle greater than 90°,
the maximum illumination and the maximum permitted luminaire height
shall be:
|
Zoning District
|
Maximum Permitted Average Illumination
(footcandles)
|
Maximum Permitted Height of Luminaire
(feet)
|
---|
|
C — Conservation
|
0.3
|
15
|
|
RC — Residential Country
|
0.5
|
20
|
|
R-1 — Low Density Residential
|
0.5
|
20
|
|
R-2 — Medium Density Residential
|
0.75
|
25
|
|
R-3 — High Density Residential
|
0.75
|
25
|
|
R-4 — Residential Urban
|
1.5
|
35
|
|
BOR — Business, Office, Residential
|
1.5
|
35
|
|
MU-1 — Mixed Use Corridor — High Density District
|
1.5
|
35
|
|
MU-2 — Mixed Use Corridor — Special Purpose District
|
1.5
|
35
|
|
COL — Commercial Office Limited
|
1.5
|
35
|
|
CN — Commercial Neighborhood
|
1.5
|
35
|
|
CH — Commercial Highway
|
1.5
|
35
|
|
IG — Industrial General
|
2.0
|
40
|
(3)
When a luminaire has a total cutoff of light at an angle less
than 90° and is located so that the bare light bulb, lamp, or
light source is completely shielded from the direct view of an observer
five feet above the ground at the point where the cutoff angle intersects
the ground, then the maximum permitted illumination and maximum permitted
height at the luminaire shall be as follows.
|
Zoning District
|
Maximum Permitted Average Illumination
(footcandles)
|
Maximum Permitted Height of Luminaire
(feet)
|
---|
|
C — Conservation
|
0.5
|
20
|
|
RC — Residential Country
|
1.0
|
25
|
|
R-1 — Low Density Residential
|
1.0
|
25
|
|
R-2 — Medium Density Residential
|
1.5
|
30
|
|
R-3 — High Density Residential
|
1.5
|
30
|
|
R-4 — Residential Urban
|
2.0
|
35
|
|
BOR — Business, Office, Residential
|
2.0
|
35
|
|
MU-1 — Mixed Use Corridor — High Density District
|
2.0
|
35
|
|
MU-2 — Mixed Use Corridor — Special Purpose District
|
2.0
|
35
|
|
COL — Commercial Office Limited
|
2.0
|
35
|
|
CH — Commercial Neighborhood
|
3.0
|
40
|
|
CH — Commercial Highway
|
3.0
|
40
|
|
IG — Industrial General
|
5.0
|
60
|
(4)
Exemption for Specified Uses.
(a)
Because of their unique requirements for nighttime visibility
and their limited hours of operation, public and private recreational
uses such as ball diamonds, playing fields, tennis courts and volleyball
courts are exempt from the above requirements.
(b)
Outdoor public and private recreational uses specified above
shall not exceed a maximum permitted post height of 80 feet.
(c)
Outdoor public and private recreational uses may exceed a total
cutoff angle of 90°, provided that the luminaire is shielded to
prevent light and glare spillover to adjacent residential uses. The
maximum permitted illumination at the interior buffer yard line shall
not exceed two footcandles.
(d)
Low-level pedestrian lighting for sidewalks should be provided
as necessary for safety. Low-level sidewalk illumination for nonresidential
uses shall be between 0.5 to 0.10 footcandles. Low-level sidewalk
illumination for residential uses shall be between 0.2 to 0.13 footcandles.
(5)
Additional requirements.
(a)
Flickering or flashing lights shall not be permitted.
(b)
Light sources or luminaires shall not be located within buffer
yard areas except for pedestrian walkways.
(c)
The location and type of lighting required by this Section shall
be shown on the site plan submitted for development.
(d)
Low-level pedestrian lighting for sidewalks should be provided
as necessary for safety. Low-level sidewalk illumination for nonresidential
uses shall be between 0.5 to 1.0 footcandles. Low-level sidewalk illumination
for residential uses shall be between 0.2 and 0.3 footcandles.
(6)
Exterior lighting, except for overhead streetlighting and warning,
emergency, or traffic signals, shall be installed in such a manner
that the light source will be sufficiently obscured to prevent glare
on public streets and walkways or into any residential area. The installation
or erection of any lighting which may be confused with warning signals,
emergency signals or traffic signals shall be unlawful. Any lighting
that produces glare shall not cause illumination in excess of five-tenths
footcandles measured at the property line.
(a)
Measurement. Lighting levels shall be measured in footcandles.
Measurement shall be taken with a direct reading portable light meter
or light-reading equipment recommended by the Township Engineer.
(b)
Method. Readings shall be taken by qualified personnel so that
the light-reading meter has been exposed long enough to provide a
constant reading. Measurements shall be made after dark with the light
sources in question on, then with the same sources off. The difference
between the two readings shall be compared to the maximum permitted
illumination at the property line at ground level. This procedure
eliminates the effects of moonlight and other ambient light.
[Added by Ord. 17-05, 2/23/2017]
1. For a preliminary or final land development plan in the TND-1 District
to be approved under this Part, the developer, in addition to all
other applicable requirements set forth in this Part and the Zoning
Ordinance, shall prepare a Manual of Written and Graphic Design Guidelines in accordance with §
27-1912 Subsection
3 of the Zoning Ordinance that demonstrates compliance with the following design guidelines:
A. Legislative Intent of the Design Guidelines.
B. Building Design & Proportion.
F. Pedestrian Gathering Areas.
H. Parking Location & Requirements.
I. Sidewalks/Crosswalks/Walkways.
J. Streets & Street Sections.
K. Streetscape & Street Walls.
2. The Appendix of Graphic Design Guidelines for §
22-507 attached hereto is incorporated herein by reference.
[Added by Ord. 17-05, 2/23/2017]
1. Refer to Part
15. Modification of Requirements, and §
22-1501.
2. The Design Guidelines applicable to the TND-1 Traditional Neighborhood Development-1 District may be different than otherwise required of subdivisions or land developments authorized under the other sections of this Part, based upon the Design Guidelines of §
22-507, in terms of such features as the design of streets, street geometry, grading, sidewalks, crosswalks, curbing, curb radii, street trees, street lights, parking lots, and recreational areas.
3. The Design Review Committee, during its review of the applicable
plans, may provide recommendations for modifications or waivers.
[Added by Ord. 17-05, 2/23/2017]
In addition to the procedures for the approvals of preliminary and final land development plans set forth in this part, for all proposed developments in the TND-1 District, §
27-1911 of the Zoning Ordinance are herein incorporated by reference.