[Zoning Order §5.330, 4-2-2008]
A.
Purpose. It is the purpose of this Article to regulate sexually oriented businesses and related activities to promote the health, safety, morals and general welfare of the citizens of the County of Jefferson, Missouri and to establish reasonable and uniform regulations to prevent the deleterious location and concentration of sexually oriented businesses within the unincorporated area of the County of Jefferson, Missouri. The provisions of this Article have neither the purpose nor effect of imposing a limitation or restriction on the content of any communicative materials, including sexually oriented materials. Similarly, it is not the intent nor effect of this Article to restrict or deny access by adults to sexually oriented materials protected by the First Amendment of the United States Constitution or Article I, Section 8 of the Missouri Constitution or to deny access by the distributors and exhibitors of sexually oriented entertainment to their intended market. It is neither the intent nor effect of this Article to condone or legitimize the distribution of obscene material.
B.
Findings. Based on evidence concerning the adverse secondary effects of adult uses on the community presented in hearings conducted by the County Commission on October 9, October 21, November 7 and November 20, 2002, and in reports made available to the County Commission and on findings incorporated in the cases of City of Erie v. Pap's A.M., 529 U.S. 277, 146 L. Ed. 2d 265, 120 S. Ct. 1382 (2000); Barnes v. Glen Theatre, Inc., 501 U.S. 560 (1991); City of Renton v. Playtime Theatres, Inc., 475 U.S. 41 (1986); Arcara v. Cloud Books, Inc., 478 U.S. 697 (1986); Iacobucci v. City of Newport, Ky, 479 U.S. 92 (1986); Young v. American Mini Theatres, 426 U.S. 50 (1976); California v. LaRue, 409 U.S. 109 (1972); United States v. O'Brien, 391 U.S. 367 (1968); DLS, Inc. v. City of Chattanooga, 107 F.3d 403 (6th Cir. 1997); Kev, Inc. v. Kitsap County, 793 F.2d 1053 (9th Cir. 1986); Hang On, Inc. v. City of Arlington,, 65 F.3d 1248 (5th Cir. 1995); South Florida Free Beaches, Inc. v. City of Miami, 734 F.2d 608 (11th Cir. 1984); and N.W. Enterprises v. City of Houston, 27 F.Supp. 2d 754 (S.D. Tex. 1998), as well as studies conducted in other Cities and Counties including, but not limited to, Kansas City, Missouri; Rochester, New York; Denver, Colorado; Newport News, Virginia; St. Croix County, Wisconsin; Virginia Beach, Virginia; New York, New York; Manatee County, Florida; Phoenix, Arizona; St. Paul, Minnesota; Minneapolis, Minnesota; Houston, Texas; Indianapolis, Indiana; Amarillo, Texas; Garden Grove, California; Los Angeles, California; Whittier, California; Austin, Texas; Seattle, Washington; Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; Cleveland, Ohio; and Beaumont, Texas; and findings reported in the Final Report of the Attorney General's Commission on Pornography (1986), the Report of the Attorney General's Working Group On the Regulation Of Sexually Oriented Businesses (June 6, 1989, State of Minnesota), the report to the American Center for Law and Justice on the Secondary Impacts of Sexually Oriented Businesses dated March 31, 1996; and statistics obtained from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Missouri Department of Health and the Jefferson County, Missouri Health Department, the County Commission found that:
1.
Sexually oriented businesses lend themselves to ancillary, unlawful and unhealthy activities that are presently uncontrolled by the operators of the establishments. Further, there is presently no mechanism to make owners of these establishments responsible for the activities that occur on their premises.
2.
Crime statistics show that all types of crimes, especially sex-related crimes, occur with more frequency in neighborhoods where sexually oriented businesses are located. See, e.g., studies of the Cities of Phoenix, Arizona; Indianapolis, Indiana; and Austin, Texas.
3.
Persons frequent certain adult theaters, adult arcades and other sexually oriented businesses for the purpose of engaging in sex within the premises of such sexually oriented businesses. See, e.g., Arcara v. Cloud Books, Inc., 478 U.S. 697, 698 (1986); see also Final Report of the Attorney General's Commission on Pornography (1986) at 376-77.
4.
At least fifty (50) communicable diseases may be spread by activities occurring in sexually oriented businesses including, but not limited to, syphilis, gonorrhea, human immunodeficiency virus infection (HIV-AIDS), genital herpes, hepatitis B, Non A, Non B amebiasis, salmonella infections and shigella infections. See, e.g., Study of Fort Meyers, Florida.
5.
As of December 2001, the total number of reported cases of AIDS in the United States caused by the immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was eight hundred sixteen thousand one hundred forty-eight (816,148). See, e.g., Statistics of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
6.
As of 1998, there were four hundred forty-seven (447) cases of AIDS reported, seven hundred forty-six (746) hospitalizations for AIDS and one hundred forty-five (145) deaths caused by AIDS in the State of Missouri. See, e.g., Statistics of the Missouri Department of Health.
7.
The total number of cases of genital chlamydia trachomatis infections in the United States reported in 2001 was seven hundred eighty-three thousand two hundred forty-two (783,242), a ten percent (10%) increase over the year 2000. See, e.g., Statistics of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
8.
The total number of cases of all stages of syphilis in the United States reported during the five (5) year period 1997-2001 was one hundred eighty-four thousand one hundred ninety (184,190). See, e.g., Statistics of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
9.
The number of cases of gonorrhea in the United States reported annually remains at a high level, with a total of one million seven hundred sixty-nine thousand eight hundred eleven (1,769,811) cases reported during the period 1997 — 2001. See, e.g., Statistics of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
10.
The Surgeon General of the United States in his or her report of October 22, 1986, advised the American public that AIDS and HIV infection may be transmitted through sexual contact, intravenous drug use, exposure to infected blood and blood components and from an infected mother to her newborn.
11.
According to the best scientific evidence available, AIDS and HIV infection, as well as syphilis and gonorrhea, are principally transmitted by sexual acts. See, e.g., Findings of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
12.
Sanitary conditions in some sexually oriented businesses are unhealthy, in part, because the activities conducted there are unhealthy and, in part, because of the unregulated nature of the activities and the failure of the owners and operators of the facilities to self-regulate those activities and maintain those facilities. See, e.g., Final Report of the Attorney General's Commission on Pornography (1986) at 377.
13.
Numerous studies and reports have determined that bodily fluids, including semen and urine, are found in the areas of sexually oriented businesses where persons view "adult" oriented films. See, e.g., Final Report of the Attorney General's Commission on Pornography (1986) at 377.
14.
Sexual acts, including masturbation and oral and anal sex, occur at sexually oriented businesses, especially those which provide private or semi-private booths or cubicles for viewing films, videos or live sex shows. See, e.g., California v. LaRue, 409 U.S. 109, 111 (1972); see also Final Report of the Attorney General's Commission on Pornography (1986) at 377.
15.
Offering and providing such booths or cubicles encourages such activities, which creates unhealthy conditions. See, e.g., Final Report of the Attorney General's Commission on Pornography (1986) at 376-77.
16.
Removal of doors on adult booths and requiring sufficient lighting on the premises with adult booths advances a substantial governmental interest in curbing the illegal and unsanitary sexual activity occurring in adult establishments.
17.
Nude dancing in adult establishments encourages prostitution, increases sexual assaults and attracts other criminal activity. See, e.g., Barnes v. Glen Theatre, 501 U.S. 560, 583 (1991).
18.
Nude dancing in adult establishments increases the likelihood of drug dealing and drug use. See, e.g., Kev, Inc. v. Kitsap County, 793 F.2d 1053, 1056 (9th Cir. 1986).
19.
Alcohol consumption in adult establishments increases the likelihood of crime, illegal drug use and illegal sexual activity and encourages undesirable behavior that is not in the interest of the public health, safety and welfare. See, e.g., Artistic Entertainment, Inc. v. City of Warner Robins, 223 F.3d 1306, 1309 (11th Cir. 2000); Sammy's Ltd. v. City of Mobile, 140 F.3d 993, 996 (11th Cir. 1998), cert. denied, 529 U.S. 1052, 146 L. Ed. 2d 459, 120 S. Ct. 1553 (2000).
20.
When more than one (1) sexually oriented business use occupies the same location or business address, the secondary effects caused by such businesses are increased. Secondary effects are reduced or controlled to a greater degree when only a single sexually oriented business use is allowed to occupy the same location.
21.
A 2002 survey conducted by the Jefferson County Health Department, Office of the Sheriff of Jefferson County and the Jefferson County Department of Land Use, Development and Code Enforcement of sexually oriented businesses located in unincorporated Jefferson County found that many of the potential secondary effects and community concerns of sexually oriented businesses relate to the operation of those businesses, including particularly the management of the business and the conduct and behavior of its customers.
22.
Sexually oriented businesses have operational characteristics which should be reasonably regulated in order to protect the substantial governmental concerns reported above.
23.
A reasonable permitting procedure is an appropriate mechanism to place the burden of reasonable regulation on the owners and operators of sexually oriented businesses. Further, a reasonable permitting procedure will place a presently non-existent incentive on owners and operators of sexually oriented businesses to operate the sexually oriented business in a manner consistent with the health, safety and welfare of its patrons and employees, as well as the citizens of Jefferson County. It is appropriate to require reasonable assurances that the permittee is the actual operator of the sexually oriented business, fully in possession and control of the premises and activities occurring therein.
24.
Through the issuance of permits, it is possible to directly address operational issues by establishing standards of operation that will provide guidance to operators and that will provide bench marks against which to measure the performance of all operators of sexually oriented businesses.
25.
Through the issuance of permits, the County can address business operations rather than the subject matter of books, films, videos or other media offered therein. The County has consciously not brought under this Article some types of businesses which offer significant quantity and variety of sexually-oriented books, magazines, videos and other media, because such businesses do not have the characteristics of sexually oriented businesses, as identified through the County's own survey.
26.
The disclosure of certain information by those persons ultimately responsible for the day-to-day operation and maintenance of the sexually oriented business, where such information is substantially related to the significant governmental interest in the operation of such uses, will aid in preventing the spread of sexually transmitted diseases and criminal activity.
27.
It is desirable, in the prevention of crime and the spread of communicable diseases, to obtain a limited amount of information regarding certain employees who may engage in the conduct this Chapter is designed to prevent or who are likely to be witnesses to such activity.
28.
It is necessary to require a manager on the premises of establishments offering certain kinds of adult entertainment at such times as such establishments are offering adult entertainment to have a permit so that there will be an individual responsible for the overall operation of the establishment, including the actions of customers, entertainers and other employees.
29.
It is necessary to require entertainers and employees in the sexually oriented business industry to have a permit in order to prevent the exploitation of minors, to ensure that each entertainer or employee is an adult and to ensure that each entertainer or employee have not assumed a false name, which would make regulation difficult or impossible.
30.
The permit fees required in this Article are nominal fees imposed as necessary regulatory measures designed to defray the substantial expenses incurred in processing applications for permits issued under this Article.
31.
The general welfare, health, morals and safety of the citizens of this County will be promoted by enactment of this Article.
32.
The requirements of this Article advance the public health, safety and welfare by providing neutral regulations governing the conduct of sexually oriented businesses within unincorporated Jefferson County.