[Amended 6-10-2014 by Ord. No. 14-23; 8-11-2015 by Ord. No. 15-19; 10-23-2018 by Ord. No. 18-16; 1-22-2019 by Ord. No. 19-02; 9-8-2020 by Ord. No. 20-19]
A.
Purpose and intent. The purpose of this section is to ensure provision
of off-street parking and loading facilities in proportion to the
generalized parking, loading, and transportation demand of the different
uses allowed by this chapter. The standards in this section are intended
to provide for adequate off-street parking while allowing the flexibility
needed to accommodate alternative solutions. The standards encourage
pedestrian-oriented development in downtown and commercial centers,
while avoiding excessive paved surface areas, promoting low-impact
development, where appropriate, and safeguarding historic resources.
B.
Applicability.
(1)
General. These off-street parking and loading standards shall
apply with respect to the use of land, buildings and structures within
the City.
(2)
Exemptions. The following activities are exempt from the requirements of § 72-53.1C, Off-street parking requirements:
(a)
Re-striping an existing parking lot, which does not create a deficit in the number of required parking spaces, or other nonconformity with the requirements of this § 72-53.1;
(b)
Rehabilitation or re-use of an historic building;
(c)
A lot of record, vacant or otherwise, that existed on or before
April 25, 1984, and has a residential zoning designation on the Zoning
Map;
(d)
On-street parking that directly abuts a lot may be credited
once to the off-street parking requirements for the abutting lot,
except that no such credit may be applied to the off-street parking
requirements for residential portions of mixed-use developments in
the HFD. The Zoning Administrator shall maintain a record of all on-street
parking spaces that have been credited towards any particular lot;
[Amended 7-13-2021 by Ord. No. 21-19]
(e)
Changes in use in the C-D and CM Zoning Districts shall be exempted
from the requirement to provide additional on-site parking spaces
beyond those that existed prior to the change in use; and
(f)
The first 1,500 square feet of commercial uses with direct exterior
access that are in the C-D, CM, C-T, or Planned Development Zoning
Districts, or where form-based code standards are applied and that
have required parking based on square footage. This exemption shall
not apply where a shared parking factor calculation is used.
[Amended 6-8-2021 by Ord. No. 21-16; 10-25-2022 by Ord. No. 22-21]
C.
Off-street parking requirements.
(1)
Parking plan required. A parking plan shall be required in connection
with every proposed development, for every proposed change in use
of land, buildings or structures, and for every proposed alteration
of a building or structure. The parking plan shall accurately designate
the required parking spaces, access aisles, and driveways, and the
relation of the off-street parking facilities to the development the
facilities are designed to serve.
(2)
Minimum number of spaces required. Unless otherwise expressly
stated in this section or approved through an alternative parking
plan, the minimum number of off-street parking spaces shall be provided
in accordance with Table 72-53.1C(2), Minimum Off-Street Parking Standards.
[Amended 7-13-2021 by Ord. No. 21-19; 10-25-2022 by Ord. No. 22-19; 10-25-2022 by Ord. No. 22-21]
Table 72-53.1C(2): Minimum Off-Street Parking Standards
| ||
---|---|---|
Use Category
|
Use Type
|
Minimum Number of Parking Spaces
(sf = gross square feet of floor or use area)
|
Residential Use Classification
| ||
Household living
|
Dwelling, duplex
|
1.5 per DU
|
Dwelling, live/work
|
1 per DU
| |
Dwelling, mobile home
|
2 per DU
| |
Dwelling, multifamily
|
1.75 per DU; 1 per DU in C-D, CM, or Planned Development Zoning
Districts or where form-based code standards are applied
| |
Dwelling, single-family attached
|
1.75 per DU; 1.5 per DU in C-D, CM, or Planned Development Zoning
Districts or where form-based code standards are applied
| |
Dwelling, single-family detached
|
2 per DU; 1 per DU on infill lots
| |
Dwelling, upper story
|
See Dwelling, multi-family
| |
Group living
|
Convent or monastery
|
1 per every 500 sf
|
Dormitory
|
1 per every 2 resident beds
| |
Fraternity or sorority
|
1 per resident bed
| |
Group homes
|
1 per every 2 resident beds
| |
Institutional housing
|
1 per every 3 beds
| |
Institutional Use Classification
| ||
Community services
|
Art center and related facilities
|
1 per every 335 sf
|
Community center
|
1 per every 335 sf
| |
Cultural facility
|
1 per every 335 sf
| |
Library
|
1 per every 335 sf
| |
Museum
|
1 per every 500 sf
| |
Social service delivery
|
1 per every 335 sf
| |
Day care
|
Adult day-care center
|
1 per every 300 sf
|
Child-care center
|
1 per every 325 sf
| |
Educational facilities
|
College or university
|
1 per every 900 sf
|
School, elementary
|
10 + 1 per classroom
| |
School, middle
|
10 + 1 per classroom
| |
School, high school
|
1 per every 300 sf
| |
Vocational or trade school
|
1 per every 300 sf
| |
Government facilities
|
Courthouse
|
1 per every 6 seats in each courtroom
|
Government facility
|
1 per every 600 sf
| |
Government office
|
1 per every 335 sf; 1 per every 500 sf in the C-D, CM, or Planned
Development Zoning Districts
| |
Post office
|
1 per every 250 sf
| |
Health care facilities
|
Hospital
|
1 per every 3 inpatient beds
|
Medical laboratory
|
1 per every 400 sf
| |
Medical treatment facility
|
1 per every 335 sf
| |
Institutions
|
Assembly hall
|
1 per every 400 sf
|
Assisted living facility
|
1 per every 3 patient beds
| |
Club or lodge
|
1 per every 400 sf
| |
Continuing care retirement community
|
1 per every 300 sf
| |
Convention center
|
1 per every 8 permitted occupants; see § 72-53.3G
| |
Nursing home
|
1 per every 3 patient beds
| |
Religious institution
|
1 per every 6 seats in worship area
| |
Parks and open areas
|
Arboretum or botanical garden
|
See § 72-53.1C(5)
|
Community garden/gardening, noncommercial
|
See § 72-53.1C(5)
| |
Community garden/gardening, commercial
|
See § 72-53.1C(5)
| |
Cemetery, columbaria, mausoleum
|
See § 72-53.1C(5)
| |
Park, playground, or plaza
|
See § 72-53.1C(5)
| |
Public safety
|
Swimming pool, public or private
|
See § 72-53.1C(5)
|
Fire/EMS facility
|
See § 72-53.1C(5)
| |
Police station
|
See § 72-53.1C(5)
| |
Transportation
|
Airport
|
See § 72-53.1C(5)
|
Heliport
|
See § 72-53.1C(5)
| |
Passenger terminal (surface transportation)
|
See § 72-53.1C(5)
| |
Utilities
|
Data center
|
4 for the first 4,000 sf + 1 per every additional 6,000 sf
|
Small data center
|
1 per 1,000 sf
| |
Solar array
|
None
| |
Telecommunications facility, structure
|
None
| |
Telecommunications facility, co-location
|
None
| |
Telecommunications tower, freestanding
|
None
| |
Utility, major
|
1 per every 1,500 sf
| |
Utility, minor
|
None
| |
Commercial Use Classification
| ||
Adult entertainment
|
1 per every 300 sf
| |
Animal care
|
Animal grooming
|
1 per every 300 sf; 1 per every 335 sf in the C-D, CM, or Planned
Development Zoning Districts
|
Animal shelter/kennel
|
1 per every 300 sf; 1 per every 335 sf in the C-D, CM, or Planned
Development Zoning Districts
| |
Veterinary clinic
|
1 per every 300 sf; 1 per every 335 sf in the C-D, CM, or Planned
Development Zoning Districts
| |
Eating establishments
|
Bakery
|
1 per every 240 sf
|
Restaurant, fast-food
|
1 per every 100 sf
| |
Restaurant, with indoor or outdoor seating
|
1 per every 180 sf; no spaces required for outdoor seating
| |
Specialty eating establishment
|
1 per every 240 sf
| |
Microbrewery/taproom
|
1 per every 240 sf for food/beverage preparation and consumption
area; 1 per every 1,000 sf for brewery operations area
| |
Offices
|
Business and professional services
|
1 per every 335 sf; 1 per every 500 sf in the C-D, CM, or Planned
Development Zoning Districts
|
Medical and dental
|
1 per every 300 sf; 1 per every 335 sf in the C-D, CM, or Planned
Development Zoning Districts
| |
Parking, commercial
|
Parking lot
|
None
|
Recreation, Indoor
|
Fitness center
|
1 per every 300 sf; 1 per every 335 sf in the C-D, CM, or Planned
Development Zoning Districts
|
Theater
|
1 per every 4 seats
| |
Arena or stadium
|
1 per every 4 fixed seats, plus 1 per every 8 temporary seats and standing room occupants; see § 72-53.3G
| |
Recreation, Outdoor
|
Golf course
|
3 per hole
|
Marinas
|
1 per slip or mooring
| |
Recreation, outdoor
|
See 72-53.1C(5)
| |
Retail sales and services
|
Artist studio
|
1 per every 300 sf; 1 per every 335 sf in the C-D, CM, or Planned
Development Zoning Districts
|
Auction house
|
1 per every 300 sf; 1 per every 335 sf in the C-D, CM, or Planned
Development Zoning Districts
| |
Convenience store (with gasoline sales)
|
1 per every 250 sf
| |
Convenience store (without gasoline sales)
|
1 per every 250 sf
| |
Crematorium
|
1 per 4 seats in main assembly room
| |
Financial institution
|
1 per every 335 sf; 1 per every 500 sf in the C-D, CM, or Planned
Development Zoning Districts
| |
Funeral home
|
1 per 4 seats in main assembly room
| |
Gasoline sales
|
1 per every 300 sf
| |
Grocery store
| ||
<60,000 sf: 1 per every 300 sf; 1 per every 335 sf in the
C-D, CM, or Planned Development Zoning Districts
| ||
60,000 sf to 100,000 sf: 1 per every 400 sf
| ||
>100,000 sf: 1 per every 450 sf
| ||
Historic dependency limited office retail
|
1 per every 335 sf; 1 per every 500 sf in the C-D, CM, or Planned
Development Zoning Districts
| |
Laundromat
|
1 per every 300 sf; 1 per every 335 sf in the C-D, CM, or Planned
Development Zoning Districts
| |
Lumber/building materials
|
1 per every 300 sf
| |
Open-air market
|
See 72-53.1C(5)
| |
Personal services establishment
|
1 per every 300 sf; 1 per every 335 sf in the C-D, CM, or Planned
Development Zoning Districts
| |
Pharmacy
|
1 per every 250 sf
| |
Plant nursery
|
1 per every 500 sf
| |
Repair establishment
|
1 per every 300 sf; 1 per every 335 sf in the C-D, CM, or Planned
Development Zoning Districts
| |
Retail sales establishments, including groups of 2 or more commercial
uses
|
<60,000 sf: 1 per every 300 sf; 1 per every 335 sf in the
C-D, CM, or Planned Development Zoning Districts
60,000 sf to 100,000 sf: 1 per every 400 sf
>100,000 sf: 1 per every 450 sf
| |
Shopping center
|
See "retail sales establishments"
| |
Tattoo parlor/body piercing establishment
|
1 per every 300 sf; 1 per every 335 sf in the C-D, CM, or Planned
Development Zoning Districts
| |
Seasonal events
|
All
|
See 72-53.1C(5)
|
Vehicle sales and service
|
Automobile sales or rentals
|
1 per every 500 sf of building area + 1 per every 5,000 sf of
outdoor display area
|
Automobile towing and impoundment
|
1 per every 5,000 sf of storage area
| |
Automotive service
|
1 per every 500 sf of building area
| |
Car wash
|
1 per every 500 sf
| |
Visitor accommodations
|
Bed-and-breakfast inn
|
2 spaces + 1 per guest bedroom
|
Historic dependency lodging
|
1 per every guest room
| |
Hotel or motel (including extended stay)
|
1 per every guest room
| |
Industrial Use Classification
| ||
Industrial services
|
Contractor office
|
See 72-53.1C(5)
|
Equipment rental and sales
|
1 per every 400 sf
| |
General industrial service/repair
|
1 per 1,500 sf
| |
Research and development
|
1 per every 800 sf
| |
Abattoir
|
See 72-53.1C(5)
| |
Manufacturing and production
|
Manufacturing, heavy
|
1 per every 1,000 sf
|
Manufacturing, light
|
1 per every 1,000 sf
| |
Bulk storage
|
1 per every 2,500 sf
| |
Warehousing and storage
|
Outdoor storage (as a principal use)
|
See 72-53.1C(5)
|
Self-service storage
|
1 per every 100 units
| |
Freight terminal
|
1 per every 2,000 sf
| |
Warehouse (distribution)
|
1 per every 2,500 sf
| |
Waste-related services
|
Incinerator
|
See 72-53.1C(5)
|
Recycling center
|
1 per every 500 sf
| |
Wholesale sales
|
All uses
|
1 per every 1,000 sf
|
(3)
Spaces meeting only the dimensional requirements for compact
cars may be credited for compliance with up to 10% of the minimum
number of parking space standards in this table. Spaces meeting only
the dimensional requirements for motorcycles may be credited for compliance
with up to 5% of the minimum number of parking space standards in
this table.
(4)
The Shared Parking Factor Table shall be applied to the number
of parking spaces required by Table 72-53.1C(2) when at least two
or more functions are present in a development in the C-D, CM, or
Planned Development Zoning Districts or where form-based code standards
are applied.
(a)
A shared parking factor for two functions in a development is
divided into the sum of the parking required for the two uses to produce
the effective parking required.
(b)
The lowest factor shall be used when there are three or more
functions.
(c)
Uses in the institutional and commercial use classifications
in Table 72-53.1C(2), but not shown as functions in the Shared Parking
Factor Table, shall be considered as a retail function.
(d)
A shared parking factor shall not be applied when any one of
the four functions constitutes more than 75% of square footage of
a development.
(e)
A shared parking factor shall not be applied when parking spaces
are assigned to specific dwelling units or nonresidential uses.
(5)
Uses with variable parking demand characteristics. Wherever Table 72-53.1C(2) includes a reference to this § 72-53.1C(5), the specified uses have widely varying parking and loading demand characteristics, making it difficult to establish a single off-street parking or loading standard. Upon receiving a development application for a use subject to this subsection, the Zoning Administrator is authorized to apply the off-street parking standard in the table that is deemed most similar to the use, or establish the off-street parking requirements by reference to standard parking resources published by the National Parking Association or the American Planning Association. Alternatively, the Zoning Administrator may require the applicant to submit a parking demand study that justifies estimates of parking demand based on the recommendations of the Institute of Traffic Engineers (ITE) and includes relevant data collected from uses or combinations of uses that are the same or comparable to the proposed use in terms of density, scale, bulk, area, type of activity, and location.
(6)
Maximum number of spaces permitted. Commercial and industrial
uses identified in Table 72-53.1C(2), Minimum Off-street Parking Standards,
shall be limited in the maximum number of surface parking spaces that
can be provided, in accordance with the following standards:
[Amended 10-25-2022 by Ord. No. 22-21]
(a)
Except as allowed in this subsection, commercial and industrial uses of 1,000 square feet in area or larger listed in Table 72-53.1C(2), Minimum Off-Street Parking Standards, shall not exceed 125% of the minimum number of parking spaces required in the table, prior to application of any exemptions allowed in § 72-53.1B(2), Exemptions, and § 72-55.6D(2), Reduction in the minimum number of required parking spaces.
(b)
Through approval of an alternative parking plan in accordance with § 72-53.3A, Provision over the maximum allowed, commercial and industrial uses over 1,000 square feet in area or larger may provide up to a maximum of 175% of the minimum number of parking spaces required in the table, prior to application of any exemptions allowed in § 72-53.1B(2), Exemptions, and § 72-55.6D(2), Reduction in the minimum number of required parking spaces.
(c)
Provision of more than 175% of the minimum number of parking spaces for commercial and industrial uses over 1,000 square feet in area, prior to application of any exemptions allowed in § 72-53.1B(2), Exemptions, and § 72-55.6D(2), Reduction in the minimum number of required parking spaces, shall require approval of a special exception in accordance with § 72-22.7, Special exceptions. A special exception for parking of more than 175% of the minimum number of parking spaces in the table must meet the provisions of § 72-53.3A, Alternative parking plan, in addition to the special exception review criteria.
(7)
Stacking spaces. In addition to meeting the off-street parking
standards in Table 72-53.1C(2), Minimum Off-Street Parking Standards,
uses with drive-through facilities and other auto-oriented uses where
vehicles queue up to access a service shall provide the minimum number
of stacking/standing spaces established in Table 72-53.1C(7), Required
Stacking Spaces.
Table 72-53.1C(7): Required Stacking Spaces
| ||
---|---|---|
Use or Activity
|
Minimum Number of Stacking Spaces
|
Measured From
|
Automated teller machine (drive-up)
|
2
|
Teller window
|
Automobile repair and service
|
2 per bay
|
Bay entrance
|
Car wash
|
1 per bay
|
Bay entrance
|
Day-care center, elementary, and middle school
|
2
|
Main building entrance
|
Financial institution or drug store with drive-through service
|
3 per lane
|
Agent window
|
Gasoline sales
|
1
|
Each end of the outermost gas pump island
|
Nursing home or assisted living facility
|
3
|
Building entrance
|
Personal services with drive-through (e.g., laundry/dry-cleaning
establishment)
|
3 per lane
|
Agent window
|
Restaurant, with drive-through service
|
3 per order window + 3 per order board
|
D.
Parking space computation.
(1)
Fractions. When computation of the number of required parking
spaces results in a fraction, the fraction shall be rounded up to
the next whole number.
(2)
Seat-based standards. Where the minimum number of off-street
parking spaces is based on the number of seats, all computations shall
be based on the design capacity of the areas used for seating. The
applicant shall specify the anticipated maximum number of seats or
maximum seating capacity for the proposed use and shall include calculations
based on standards set forth in the Virginia Uniform Statewide Building
Code, as may be applicable.
(3)
Floor-area based standards. Where the minimum number of off-street
parking spaces is based on gross square feet of floor area, the square
footage shall not include outdoor display or use area.
(4)
Driveways used to satisfy requirements. For single-family detached
and duplex dwellings, driveways may be used to satisfy minimum off-street
parking standards, provided sufficient space is available to satisfy
the standards of this section and this chapter.
E.
Configuration.
(1)
General standards for off-street parking, stacking, and loading
areas.
(a)
Use of parking area, stacking area, or loading space. All vehicular
parking spaces, stacking spaces, internal aisles and other circulation
areas, and loading areas required by this section shall be referred
to as "vehicular use area" and shall be used only for their intended
purposes. Any other use, including, but not limited to, vehicular
storage, vehicle sales, vehicular repair work, vehicle service, or
display of any kind, is prohibited.
(b)
Identified as to purpose and location. Except for single-family
detached and duplex dwellings, off-street parking areas consisting
of three or more parking spaces and off-street loading areas shall
include painted lines, wheel stops, or other methods of identifying
individual parking spaces and loading areas and distinguishing such
spaces and areas from aisles or other vehicular use areas.
(c)
Surfacing.
[1]
Except for single-family detached and single-family attached dwellings, and duplexes, and as provided for in § 72-53.3F, Alternative materials, all off-street parking, loading, and circulation areas shall be surfaced with asphalt, concrete, brick, crushed stone (within floodplain areas), pavers, aligned concrete strips, or an equivalent material. These materials shall be maintained in a smooth, well-graded condition.
[2]
Overflow parking, and parking for temporary, special and seasonal
events may take place on grass surfaces.
(d)
Arrangement.
[1]
Convenient access.
[a]
All off-street parking, loading, and circulation
areas shall be arranged to facilitate access by and safety of both
pedestrians and vehicles.
[b]
Except for single-family detached and duplex dwellings, off-street parking areas shall be arranged so that no parking or maneuvering incidental to parking shall occur on a public street or sidewalk, and so that an automobile may be parked and unparked without moving another automobile (except as provided in § 72-53.3E, Valet and tandem parking).
[2]
Backing onto streets prohibited. Except for parking areas serving
single-family detached dwellings, all off-street parking, loading,
and circulation areas shall be arranged so that no vehicle is required
to back from such areas directly onto a public street. Vehicular access
ways and vehicular use areas on private lands are not considered public
streets.
[3]
Easements. No off-street parking or loading area shall be located
within an easement without the written consent of the person or agency
that holds the easement, unless already provided for by an existing
easement agreement.
(e)
Drainage. All off-street parking, loading, and circulation areas shall be properly drained in accordance with the stormwater management standards referenced in § 72-54.3 of this chapter. Where existing parking, loading and circulation areas are altered, a revised stormwater management plan may be required. Nothing shall prevent planting islands from serving as stormwater management devices.
(f)
Exterior lighting. When lighted, off-street parking, loading,
and circulation areas shall be lighted so as to prevent glare or illumination
exceeding maximum allowable levels on adjacent land (see Table 72-58.2D,
Maximum Illumination Levels), and unless exempted, shall comply with
the standards of § 72-58, Exterior lighting.
(g)
Landscaping. Except for parking areas serving single-family detached and duplex dwellings, or other exempted uses, all off-street parking, loading, and circulation areas shall be landscaped to soften their visual impact on adjacent property in accordance with § 72-55.2, Vehicular use area landscaping.
(i)
Maintained in good repair.
[1]
Maintained at all times. All off-street vehicular use areas
shall be maintained in good repair and in safe condition at all times.
[2]
Periodically restored. After being established, all off-street
parking, loading, and circulation areas shall be periodically painted
or otherwise restored, whenever necessary to maintain a clear identification
of separate parking spaces and loading spaces.
(j)
Construction of off-street parking and loading areas. All off-street
parking and loading areas shall be completed prior to issuance of
a certificate of occupancy for the premises they serve. In the case
of phased development, surface off-street parking, loading, and circulation
areas need only be completed for the portion(s) of the development
for which a site plan has been approved.
(2)
Dimensional requirements.
(a)
Except for single-family detached, duplex, and single-family attached dwellings, off-street parking spaces shall meet the following dimensional requirements or meet modified requirements per Subsection E(2)(b) below:
Table 72.53.1E(2)(a)
| |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dimensional Standards for Parking Spaces and Aisles
| |||||
Stall width and length shall be measured from the face
of the curb or the outer edge of lane striping
| |||||
Aisle Width
| |||||
Parking Angle
|
Space Width
(feet)
|
Space Length
(feet)
|
2-way with two parking rows
(feet)
|
2-way with one parking row
(feet)
|
1-way with any parking rows
(feet)
|
Parallel
|
8 (non-residential)
7 (residential)
|
22
|
20
|
18
|
12
|
45°
|
8.5
|
18
|
20
|
18
|
16
|
60°
|
8.5
|
18
|
20
|
18
|
18
|
90°
|
8.5
|
18
|
24
|
22
|
18
|
Table 72-53.1E(2)(b)
| |||
---|---|---|---|
Dimensional Standards for Other Parking Lot Features
| |||
Feature
|
Width
(feet)
|
Length/Depth
(feet)
|
Other
|
Aisles: two-way with no parking rows
|
20
|
NA
| |
Aisles: one-way with no parking rows
|
12
|
NA
| |
Compact car spaces
|
8
|
16
|
Must be clearly marked "compact cars only"
|
Motorcycle spaces
|
4
|
8
|
Must be clearly marked "motorcycles only"
|
(b)
The Fire Marshal may require greater aisle width for compliance
with the Virginia Fire Prevention Code. In addition, the Zoning Administrator
may approve reduced parking aisle widths upon approval of an auto-turn
diagram provided by the applicant, which demonstrates that vehicles
can safely navigate the proposed vehicular use area.
(3)
Accessible parking spaces for physically disabled persons shall
be provided in accord with the most-recent version of the Virginia
Construction Code, Section 116.
(4)
Location. Off-street parking spaces in the nonresidential and
mixed-use districts may be located within required yards, provided:
(a)
All spaces shall be setback at least 10 feet from any front
lot line;
(b)
All spaces shall be setback at least five feet from any side
or rear lot line; and
(c)
These requirements may be reduced by the Zoning Administrator,
as needed, on an infill lot in recognition of existing lot sizes or
site configuration on developed adjacent lots.
F.
Loading spaces.
(1)
Number of required off-street loading berths. The following
uses shall provide on-site loading areas or berths in accordance with
the standards in Table 72-53.1F(1), Required Off-Street Loading Berths.
Table 72-53.1F(1): Required Off-Street Loading Berths
| ||
---|---|---|
Use or Activity
|
Gross Floor Area
(GFA)
|
Minimum Number of Loading Berths
|
Eating establishments
|
> 10,000 sf
|
1 + 1 for every additional 25,000 sf of GFA
|
Retail, office, service, supply and light industrial uses
|
> 10,000 sf
|
1 + 1 for every additional 20,000 sf of GFA
|
Manufacturing, heavy industrial, warehousing, and heavy equipment
establishments
|
> 5,000 sf
|
1+ 1 per every additional 30,000 sf of GFA
|
(2)
Standards.
(a)
Minimum dimensions. Each loading space required by this subsection
shall be at least 15 feet wide by 25 feet long (or deep), with at
least 15 feet of overhead clearance. Each off-street loading space
shall have adequate, unobstructed means for the ingress and egress
of vehicles.
(b)
Location. Where reasonably practical, loading areas:
[1]
Shall be located to the rear of the use they serve;
[2]
Shall be located adjacent to the buildings' loading doors, in
an area that promotes their practical use;
[3]
Shall not be located within a front yard area;
[4]
Shall not be located within 40 feet of the nearest point of
a public street intersection serving the loading approach;
[5]
Shall not be located within 60 feet of a residential zoning
district; and
[6]
In the C-D and CM Zoning Districts, loading berths may be located
in the public right-of-way as a curb parking space between 5:00 a.m.
and 11:00 a.m., if approved by the Public Works Director. The minimum
width is reduced to eight feet. Such loading berths shall also serve
as pickup/delivery areas.
(c)
Delineation of loading spaces. All loading spaces shall be delineated
by signage and striping and labeling of the pavement.
(d)
Access to a street. Every loading area shall be provided with
safe and convenient access to a street, but in no case shall the loading
space extend into the required aisle of the parking lot. Off-street
loading spaces shall be configured to avoid the need for vehicles
to back up within the street right-of-way, to the maximum extent practicable.
(e)
Paving. The ground surface of loading areas shall be paved with
a durable, dust free, and hard material, such as surface and seal
treatment, bituminous hot mix, Portland cement, concrete, or some
comparable material. Such paving shall be maintained for safe and
convenient use at all times.
(f)
Landscaping. Loading areas shall be landscaped in accordance with § 72-55.2, Vehicular use area landscaping.
(g)
Exterior lighting. Exterior lighting for loading areas shall
comply with the standards in § 72-58, Exterior lighting.
[Amended 1-22-2019 by Ord. No. 19-02]
Off-street parking serving single-family detached, duplex, and
single-family attached dwellings and located within front yard and/or
corner side yard areas shall comply with the following standards:
A.
Authorized vehicles. Only the following vehicles may be parked in
single-family residential districts: passenger vehicles designed to
transport 15 or fewer passengers, including the driver; pickup trucks
and sport utility vehicles with a gross vehicle weight of less than
10,000 pounds; or any vehicle used by an individual solely for his
own personal purposes, such as personal recreational activities.
B.
Parking in vehicular use area required. All licensed and operable
vehicles, whether parked or stored, shall be located in a vehicular
use area, unless the required off-street parking has been waived by
the Zoning Administrator.
C.
Maximum area available for vehicular use.
[Amended 9-8-2020 by Ord.
No. 20-19]
(1)
For lots of record greater than 6,000 square feet, vehicular
use areas located within the primary front or secondary front yard
(as measured from the edge of the street right-of-way) shall be limited
to the greater of 33% of the entire primary front or secondary front
yard area or 600 square feet.
(2)
Vehicular use areas on lots of record smaller than 6,000 square
feet shall be limited to the greater of 33% of the entire primary
front or secondary front yard area or 350 square feet.
(3)
Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to limit the size
of the vehicular use area located beyond the primary front or secondary
front yard area.
D.
Surfacing.
(1)
Vehicular use areas shall be surfaced in accordance with the standards in § 72-53.1E(1)(c), or gravel, crushed stone, or similar material may be used.
(2)
When used, gravel or crushed stone shall be at least two inches
deep throughout the vehicular use area, and the vehicular use area
shall maintain a visibly discernible and definable edge composed of
landscape timbers, metal edging, vegetation (such as low shrubs or
decorative grasses), or a similar technique.
(3)
Vehicular use areas within utility easements disturbed during
installation or servicing of underground utilities shall be resurfaced
with materials to match the existing surface after completion of utility
work.
E.
Dimensions. Vehicular use areas shall be at least 18 feet deep, measured
from the right-of-way, or three feet measured from the rear property
line or easement line of an intersecting alley.
[Amended 1-27-2015 by Ord. No. 15-03; 9-8-2020 by Ord. No. 20-19]
The Zoning Administrator is authorized to approve an alternative parking plan as an element of a site plan, as set forth within this section. The alternative parking plan may include a combination of one or more of the following parking alternatives for a single use. Reductions in the minimum number of required parking spaces in order to preserve the root zones of existing, healthy specimen trees in accordance with § 72-55.6D, Trees, shall not require approval of an alternative parking plan.
A.
Provision over the maximum allowed. The Zoning Administrator may approve an alternative parking plan that authorizes a number of off-street parking spaces in excess of the required by § 72-53.1C(4), Maximum number of spaces permitted, in accordance with the following:
(1)
Parking demand study. Requests to exceed the maximum number of required off-street parking spaces shall be accompanied by a proposed parking plan, including a parking demand study performed by a professional who is licensed or demonstrated technical expertise to prepare such a study. The purpose of the parking demand study is to provide data and supporting analysis in support of the applicant's contention that the parking spaces required by § 72-53.1C(6), Maximum number of spaces permitted, will be insufficient for the proposed development. In addition to the parking demand study, the requesting party may provide other relevant and appropriate data supporting his request.
(2)
Minimum additional spaces allowed. The maximum number of off-street
spaces allowed shall be limited to the minimum number of additional
spaces deemed necessary, according to the parking demand study referenced
above, or other relevant and appropriate data.
B.
Off-site parking. The Zoning Administrator may approve an alternative
parking plan that authorizes off-site parking. Generally, all off-street
parking areas shall be provided on the same parcel of land as the
use to be served. Off-street parking may be located on another parcel
of land ("off-site" parking), if there are practical difficulties
in locating the parking area on the same parcel or the public welfare,
safety, or convenience is better served by off-site parking. Off-site
parking shall comply with the following standards:
(1)
Location.
[Amended 7-13-2021 by Ord. No. 21-19]
(a)
Except for off-site parking located within a parking structure
or served by a parking shuttle, off-site parking spaces shall be located
within 1,000 feet of the primary entrance of all uses served.
(b)
Off-site parking located within a parking structure or served
by a shuttle shall be located within 2,000 feet of the primary entrance
of all uses served.
(c)
Off-site parking spaces shall not be separated from the use
they serve by an arterial or collector street, unless the off-site
parking area or parking structure is served by an improved pedestrian
crossing.
(2)
Pedestrian access. Adequate and safe pedestrian access, which
complies with all applicable ADA requirements, shall be provided from
and to the off-site parking areas.
(3)
Directional signage. When determined necessary by the Zoning
Administrator, due to distance, indirect locations, or visual barriers,
directional signage that complies with the standards of this chapter
shall be provided to direct the public to the off-site parking spaces.
(4)
Recorded agreement. If approved, an off-site parking facility
shall be described and made binding upon the all owners of record
of the subject properties, within a written agreement prepared in
a form suitable for recording among the City's land records. A signed
and attested copy of the off-site parking agreement between the owners
of record must be recorded with the Clerk of the Circuit Court. Recordation
of the agreement shall occur prior to the issuance of any occupancy
permit for any premises to be served by the off-site parking area.
An off-site parking agreement may be revoked only if all required
off-street parking spaces are provided in accordance with the requirements
of Table 72-53.1C(2), Minimum Off-Street Parking Standards.
(5)
Duration. An off-site parking agreement shall run with the land
and shall be and remain in effect until revoked or revised by the
parties thereto. In the event the parking requirements for the subject
properties change (increase) following recordation of the agreement,
due to any change in use(s) or structural alterations of buildings
or structures containing such uses, then the City may require the
parking plan for the properties to be updated, which may include,
but is not limited to, a revision of the off-site parking agreement.
C.
Parking reductions. The Zoning Administrator may approve an alternative
parking plan to reduce the number of parking spaces required in Table
72-53.1C(2), Minimum Off-Street Parking Standards, and the Shared
Parking Factor Table. The applicant shall demonstrate there is a reasonable
probability the number of parking spaces actually needed to serve
the development is less than the minimum required by Table 72-53.1C(2),
Minimum Off-Street Parking Standards, and the Shared Parking Factor
Table. The application shall include relevant and appropriate data
and information, including location, nature, or mix of uses, the location
and number of parking spaces that will be provided, and a parking
demand study prepared by a professional who is licensed to prepare
such a study. The study shall provide data and supporting analysis
demonstrating the feasibility of the proposed shared parking facilities.
The parking demand study shall include information on the size and
type of the proposed development(s), composition of tenants, anticipated
rate of parking turnover, and anticipated peak parking and traffic
loads for all uses that will be sharing off-street parking spaces.
The applicant may submit other relevant and appropriate data supporting
the request.
D.
Downtown Parking, Transit, and Bicycle Fund.
(1)
An applicant may meet the parking requirement for a use in the
Downtown Parking, Transit, and Bicycle District through the payment
of a standard amount established by City Council per required parking
space.
Incremental Payment Amount
|
0 to 50% of Total Required Parking Spaces
|
For Each Additional Parking Space From 51% to 70% of Requirement
|
For Each Additional Parking Space From 71% to 85% of Requirement
|
For Each Additional Parking Space From 86% to 100% of Requirement
|
---|---|---|---|---|
Amount of payment
|
Standard amount (established in Planning Fee Schedule)
|
2 x standard amount
|
3 x standard amount
|
4 x standard amount
|
The Zoning Administrator is authorized to grant this
reduction. The applicant may combine this reduction with one or more
of the foregoing parking alternatives to reduce the number of required
on-site parking spaces to zero. The credit for an off-street parking
requirement met in this manner shall run with the land. No refund
of any payment shall be made when there is a subsequent change of
use that requires less parking.
(2)
The fee shall be collected by the Zoning Administrator as a
condition to site plan approval. Payment of this fee does not guarantee
that parking spaces will be constructed for the sole use of or in
the immediate proximity of a particular development. It will not guarantee
the availability of parking specifically for the development. Funds
collected from such payment shall be deposited by the City in a special
fund and shall be used in the Downtown Parking, Transit, and Bicycle
District to:
(a)
Provide additional off-street public parking;
(b)
Acquire land for such parking through purchase, lease, or license;
(c)
Develop land to make it suitable for public parking;
(d)
Replace existing municipal parking lots with public parking
structures;
(e)
Engage in projects that increase the amount of available public
parking spaces or reduce dependence upon the automobile and thereby
reduce parking demand;
(f)
Improve transit/shuttle facilities or services; or
(g)
Improve bicycle facilities and services.
(3)
The collection of the fee shall not obligate the City to provide
off-street parking for any particular location. In order to provide
a logical and cost-effective construction of parking improvement,
projects funded through this fee may be phased and may be constructed
such that the public parking spaces do not directly serve the parcels
from which the fee was collected.
[Amended 9-8-2020 by Ord. No. 20-19]
E.
Valet and tandem parking. The Zoning Administrator may approve an
alternative parking plan that includes valet and tandem parking, in
accordance with this subsection. An off-street parking program utilizing
limited valet and tandem parking may be allowed for uses listed under
the commercial use classification in Table 72-53.1C(2), Minimum Off-Street
Parking Standards, in accordance with the following standards:
F.
Alternative materials. The Zoning Administrator may approve an alternative
parking plan that authorizes the use of alternative paving materials
for vehicular use areas. The use of pervious or semi-pervious parking
area surfacing materials — including, but not limited to, "grass-crete,"
"turfstone," geo-cells, porous concrete, or recycled materials (such
as rubber, used asphalt, brick, block, and concrete) — may be
approved for a vehicular use area on a site, upon a determination
that the property owner has provided sufficient assurance that such
areas will be properly maintained. Such assurance may be demonstrated
by written instrument recorded among the City's land records, site
plan provisions, or other methods satisfactory to the Zoning Administrator
with the approval of the City Attorney. Where possible, such materials
should be used in areas proximate to and in combination with on-site
stormwater control devices or tree protection measures (see Figure
72-53.3F, Alternative Materials).
G.
Additional alternative parking provisions for convention centers,
arenas, or stadiums in the Special Tourism and Events Overlay.
[Added 10-25-2022 by Ord.
No. 22-19]
(1)
On-street parking within the Special Tourism and Events Overlay
may be credited once to the off-street parking requirements for convention
centers, arenas, or stadiums. The Zoning Administrator shall maintain
a record of all on-street parking spaces that have been credited towards
any use.
(2)
Parking reductions, shared parking for simultaneous events at
the stadium and convention center, and temporary occupancy parking
lots may be permitted, in accordance with the following standards
and subject to approval of an annual zoning permit. The permit must
be approved by the Zoning Administrator each year prior to approval
of a certificate of occupancy for special events.
(a)
Parking reduction. The Zoning Administrator may approve a reduction
of the minimum parking requirement for arenas or stadiums to no less
than one parking space per every six fixed seats plus one parking
space per every 12 temporary seats and standing room occupants. The
Zoning Administrator may also approve a reduction of the minimum parking
requirement for convention centers to no less than one parking space
per every 12 temporary seats and/or standing room occupants. To obtain
these reductions, the operators shall develop, operate, and advertise
an annual alternative transportation plan, in accordance with the
following standards:
[1]
The plan shall include a designated circulation pattern for
ride-share, transit, and shuttle service separate from general parking
lot traffic at the stadium.
[2]
The alternative transportation modes discussed above shall be
advertised on the applicant's communications platforms, including
website, social media, and digital signage. A reference to alternative
modes of transportation shall be included in any printed material
or print media advertisements for events.
(b)
Shared parking for simultaneous events at the stadium and convention
center. The Zoning Administrator may approve the use of shared parking
when simultaneous events are being held at the Fredericksburg Nationals
Stadium and Fredericksburg Expo Convention Center. The minimum parking
requirement for these events will be based on the total proposed capacity
for both events. A general schedule of simultaneous events, specifying
the number of events, the proposed total capacity for both events,
including temporary seats and standing room occupancy, and the locations
of all required parking shall be included in the annual parking permit.
(c)
Temporary occupancy parking. Parking required for 1) temporary
seats and standing room occupants in the stadium, and 2) simultaneous
events at the stadium and convention center may be provided by temporary
occupancy parking lots, in accordance with the following standards.
[1]
Lots located within a parking structure or served by a shuttle
shall be located within 2,500 linear feet of the primary entrance
of all uses served. All other lots shall be located within 1,750 feet
of a primary entrance of all uses served.
[2]
Off-site parking spaces shall not be separated from the use
they serve by an arterial or collector street, unless the off-site
parking area or parking structure is served by an improved pedestrian
crossing.
[3]
Alternative materials. Parking spaces may be grass or other pervious material, provided that these surfaces are maintained in a vegetated, smooth, well-graded condition with positive drainage. Where pervious spaces are used, access aisles shall be surfaced with asphalt, concrete, brick, crushed stone, pavers, asphalt millings, or an equivalent material, and a commercial entrance meeting the standards § 72-52.1B(4), Curb cuts, shall be provided.
[4]
Impervious parking features shall adhere to the applicable configuration standards in § 72-53.1E, except that § 72-53.1E(1)(c), Surfacing, shall not apply.
[5]
Stormwater management requirements shall be addressed and erosion
and sediment controls shall be deployed at the perimeter of the site.
[6]
Designated pedestrian paths shall be provided.
[7]
Landscaping requirements shall be met for impervious lots. For a lot utilizing alternative materials specified in § 72-53.3G(2)(c)[3], the following alternatives may be used:
[8]
An approved parking lot maintenance plan shall be included as
a condition of the annual parking permit.
[9]
The lots shall not be included in the calculation of maximum number of spaces permitted [§ 72-53.1C(6)].
(d)
Off-site parking agreements. Each annual parking permit application
shall be accompanied by a signed agreement for the authorized use
of any off-site parking facility, including temporary occupancy parking
lots. This agreement shall be made binding upon all owners or duly
authorized lessees of the subject properties for the entire year covered
by the annual parking permit.
[Amended 9-8-2020 by Ord. No. 20-19]
Lots used for multifamily residential development with 20 or
more dwelling units, and institutional or commercial development with
5,000 or more square feet of gross floor area, shall provide individual
or shared bicycle parking facilities in accordance with the following
standards.
A.
General standards.
(1)
Location.
(a)
Bicycle parking facilities shall be conveniently located, but
in no case shall such facilities be located more than 150 feet from
the primary building entrance;
(b)
Bicycle parking facilities shall have an improved pedestrian
access to the primary building entrance;
(c)
Facilities may be located within required open space or landscaped
areas;
(d)
Facilities for institutional or commercial uses may be located
in the public right-of-way with the approval of the Public Works Director.
(2)
Bicycle parking spaces shall be provided at the rate of one
bicycle space for every 10 required off-street parking spaces for
vehicles.
(3)
Bicycle parking facilities shall be surfaced in accordance with § 72-53.1E(1)(c)[1].
B.
Bicycle rack required. Bicycle parking facilities shall incorporate
a rack or other similar device intended for the storage of bicycles.
The rack element shall:
(1)
Be located on and anchored to a solid, immovable stall surface
and installed vertically plumb in two planes;
(2)
Be in "inverted U" type or equivalent, which supports the bicycle
upright by its fame in two places;
(3)
Be at least 18 inches wide and 33 inches tall when installed;
be uniformly aligned and evenly spaced; be centered in a "design stall"
with a minimum dimension of 36 inches by 72 inches; and be at least
24 inches from any wall or other obstruction;
(4)
Not result in a tripping hazard;
(5)
Prevent the bicycle from tipping over;
(6)
Enable the frame or both wheels to be secured;
(7)
Support bicycles without a diamonds-shaped frame;
(8)
Allow a U-lock to lock one wheel and a frame tube of an upright
bicycle; and
(9)
Resist being cut or detached using hand tools.
[Added 1-22-2019 by Ord.
No. 19-02]
All development, except single-family detached, single-family
attached, and duplex dwellings, shall be designed to allow cross-access
to parking lots in adjacent compatible developments in accordance
with the following standards:
A.
Limited to two parcels. Cross-access ways shall be designed and located
based on the standards of this section, but in no case shall a development
be required to provide cross-access to more than two adjacent parcels.
The location and dimensions of the required cross-access shall be
shown on a subdivision plat or site plan submitted for approval. When
a proposed site plan is subject to the cross-access requirement, the
site plan shall be accompanied by an access easement document, in
a form suitable for recording among the City's land records, reserving
the area within the easement for the required cross-access.
B.
Future stubs required. A connection for future parking lot cross-access
shall be provided to all adjacent vacant land zoned for a nonresidential
and mixed-use or planned development zoning district. Development
subject to these standards shall be designed to provide future cross-access
in at least one location.
C.
Minimum width. Cross-access ways shall allow for two-way traffic
between parcels through the use of a single drive aisle with a minimum
width of 24 feet, or through two one-way aisles, each with a minimum
width of 15 feet, unless the Virginia State-Wide Fire Prevention Code
requires greater width.
D.
Delay in installation. The Development Administrator may, for good
cause shown, allow the installation of a cross-access way to be delayed,
provided that there has been recorded among the land records of the
City an instrument creating an access easement in the dimensions required
by this section, and reserving the area within the easement for use
as the required cross-access way.
E.
Developing parcel required to connect to cross-access. In cases where
a cross-access stub or cross-access easement has been provided by
an adjacent development, the developing parcel shall provide all cross-access
ways necessary to connect to two parking lots.