Township of Peters, PA Building and Construction Standards

[Amended 6-8-1998 by Ord. No. 558; 6-28-2004 by Ord. No. 643]

Peters Township Ordinance No. 499, August 22, 1994, amended by Ordinance No. 558, June 8, 1998, is replaced, with the exception that any existing provisions exceeding the "Code" are maintained.

Fees assessable by the Township for the administration and enforcement undertaken pursuant to this article and the Code shall be established by the governing body by resolution from time to time.[1]

[1]

Editor's Note: See also Ch. 195, Fees.

Penalties. Any person who violates or permits a violation of this article shall, upon conviction in a summary proceeding brought before a Magisterial District Judge under the Pennsylvania Rules of Criminal Procedure, be guilty of a summary offense and shall be punishable by a fine of not more than $1,000, plus costs of prosecution. In default of payment thereof, the defendant may be sentenced to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 90 days. Each day or portion thereof that such violation continues or is permitted to continue shall constitute a separate offense, and each section of this article that is violated shall also constitute a separate offense.[2]

[2]

Editor's Note: Amended at time of adoption of Code (see Ch. 1, General Provisions, Art. I).

Existing codes.

(1)

All building code ordinances or portions of ordinances which were adopted by this Township on or before July 1, 1999, and which equal or exceed the requirements of the Code shall continue in full force and effect until such time as such provisions fail to equal or exceed the minimum requirements of the Code, as amended from time to time.

(2)

All building code ordinances or portions of ordinances which are in effect as of the effective date of this article and whose requirements are less than the minimum requirements of the Code are hereby amended to conform to the comparable provisions of the Code.

(3)

All relevant ordinances, regulations and policies of this Township not governed by the Code shall remain in full force and effect.

Attachment A of Ordinance No. 499, August 22, 1994, is maintained, Attachment A reads as follows:

	FIRE-PROTECTION SYSTEMS
	901.1 Scope: The provisions of this article shall specify where fire-protection systems are required and shall apply to the design, installation, maintenance and operation of all fire-protection systems in all buildings and structures.
	901.2 Required Systems: All fire-protection systems required by this code shall be installed, repaired, operated and maintained in accordance with this code and the fire prevention code listed in Chapter 35. All required fire-suppression and standpipe systems shall be provided with at least one automatic supply of fire-extinguishing agent of adequate pressure, capacity and reliability to perform the function intended.
	901.4 Maintenance: All fire-protection systems shall be maintained in accordance with the requirements of the fire prevention code listed in Chapter 35.
	901.5 Threads: All threads provided for Fire Department connections to sprinkler systems, standpipes, yard hydrants or any other fire hose connections shall be compatible with the connections used by the local Fire Department.
	901.6 Signs: All signs required to identify fire-protection equipment and equipment location shall be constructed of durable materials, be permanently installed and be readily visible. Letters and numbers shall contrast with the sign background and shall have an appropriate width-to-height ratio to permit the sign to be read easily.
	901.7 Acceptance Tests: All fire-protection systems shall be tested in accordance with the requirements of this code and the fire prevention code listed in Chapter 35. The tests shall be conducted in the presence of the Code Official. All tests required by this code and the standards listed in this code shall be conducted at the expense of the owner or the owner's representative.
	901.8 Certification: The contractor shall provide the Code Official with a certificate indicating that the system is installed in compliance with this code and the appropriate acceptance tests have been conducted.

	SECTION 902.0 DEFINITIONS
	902.1 General: The following words and terms shall, for the purpose of this article and as used elsewhere in this code, have the meanings shown herein.
	Alarm Verification: A feature of automatic fire-detection systems to reduce unwanted alarms wherein automatic fire detectors report alarm conditions for a minimum period of time, or confirm alarm conditions within a given period, after being automatically reset to be accepted as a valid alarm initiation signal. (See Section 918.0.)
	Automatic: As applied to fire-protection devices, "automatic" refers to a device or system that provides an emergency function without the necessity of human intervention and activated as a result of a predetermined temperature rise, rate of temperature rise or increase in the level of combustion products - such as incorporated in an automatic sprinkler system, automatic fire door, etc.
	Automatic Fire-Suppression System: An engineered system using carbon dioxide (CO₂), foam, wet or dry chemical, a halogenated extinguishing agent, or an automatic sprinkler system to detect automatically and suppress a fire through fixed piping and nozzles. (See Section 904.0.)
	Deluge System: An automatic sprinkler system consisting of open sprinklers with water supply valves activated by a separate automatic detection system. (See Section 908.0.)
	Detector, Duct: Same as "smoke detector."
	Detector, Heat: An alarm-initiating device that detects abnormally high temperatures or rate of temperature rise. (See Section 918.0.)
	Detector, Smoke: An alarm-initiating device that detects the visible or invisible particles of combustion. (See Section 918.0.)
	Fire Alarm Box, Manual: A manually operated alarm-initiating device that activates a fire-protective signaling system. (See Section 917.0.)
	Fire Command Station: The principal location where the status of the detection, alarm, communications and control systems is displayed, and from which the system(s) has the capacity for manual control. (See Sections 403.7 and 917.9.)
	Fire Detector, Automatic: An alarm-initiating device that automatically detects heat, smoke or other products of combustion. (See Section 918.0.)
	Fire-Protection System: Devices, equipment and systems to detect a fire, activate an alarm, suppress or control a fire, or any combination thereof.
	Preaction System: A fire sprinkler system employing automatic sprinklers attached to a piping system, containing air with a supplemental fire-detection system installed in the same areas as the sprinklers. Actuation of the fire-detection system automatically opens a valve that permits water to flow into the sprinkler piping system and to be discharged from any open sprinklers. (See Section 906.9.6.)
	Smoke Detector, Multiple Stations: Single-station smoke detectors that are capable of being interconnected such that actuation of one causes all integral or separate audible alarms to operate. (See Section 919.0.)
	Smoke Detector, Single Station: An assembly incorporating the detector, the control equipment and the alarm-sounding device in one unit, which is operated from a power supply either in the unit or obtained at the point of installation. (See Section 919.0.)
	Sprinkler: A device, connected to a water supply system, that discharges water in a specific pattern for extinguishment or control of fire. (See Section 906.0.)
	Sprinkler System, Automatic: A sprinkler system, for fire-protection purposes, is an integrated system of underground or overhead piping designed in accordance with fire-protection engineering standards. The system includes a suitable water supply. The portion of the system above the ground is a network of specially or hydraulically designed piping installed in a building, structure or area, generally overhead, and to which automatic sprinklers are connected in a systematic pattern. The system is usually activated by heat from a fire and discharges water over the fire area. (See Section 906.0.)
	Standpipe System: A standpipe system is a fire-protection system consisting of an arrangement of hose outlets and allied equipment installed in a building or structure. (See Section 914.0.)
	Supervisory Device: An initiating device used to monitor the conditions that are essential for the proper operation of automatic fire-suppression systems (i.e., switches used to monitor the position of gate valves, a low-air-pressure switch on a dry-pipe sprinkler system, etc.). (See Section 923.0.)
	Voice/Alarm Signaling System: A system that provides, to the occupants of a building, dedicated manual or automatic facilities, or both, for originating and distributing voice instructions, as well as alert and evacuation signals that pertain for a fire emergency. (See Section 917.0.)
	Water Supply, Automatic: A water supply that is not dependent on any manual operation, such as making connections, operating valves or starting pumps. (See Section 914.5.)

	SECTION 903.0 CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENTS
	903.1 Required: Construction documents or shop drawings, or both, for the installation of fire-protection systems shall be submitted to indicate conformance to this code and shall be reviewed by the Department prior to issuance of the permit.
	Note: Since the Fire Department is responsible for inspecting for the proper maintenance of fire-protection systems in the building, the administrative authority shall cooperate with the Fire Department in the discharge of responsibility to enforce this article.
	903.2 Construction Documents: The construction documents and shop drawings submitted to the Department shall contain sufficient detail as outlined herein to evaluate the protected hazard and the effectiveness of the system.
	903.2.1 Information: Construction documents for fire-protection systems shall be submitted with the construction documents for the construction permit. Included shall be information on the contents, the occupancy, the location and arrangement of the structure and the contents involved, the exposure to any hazard, the extent of the system coverage, the suppression system design criteria, the supply and extinguishing agents, the location of any standpipes, and the location and method of operation of detection and alarm devices.
	903.2.2 Shop Drawing: Shop drawings for the installation of fire-protection systems shall be submitted for review and approval prior to the installation of a fire-protection system. Included on the shop drawings shall be information showing the basis for compliance with the design density, the specific arrangement of the system, the devices and their method(s) of operation, and the suppression agent. The details of the construction documents or shop drawings for the fire-protection system shall include design considerations, spacing and arrangement of fire-protection devices, protection agent supply and discharge requirements, calculations with sizes and equivalent lengths of pipe and fittings, and protection agent source. Sufficient information shall be included to identify the apparatus and devices utilized and other information as required by this code. The submittal shall be designed by a minimum of a NICET Level III fire-protection technician, and documents shall be sealed on all pages by this technician.

	SECTION 904.0 FIRE-SUPPRESSION SYSTEMS
	904.1 Where Required: Automatic fire-suppression systems shall be installed where required by this code, and in the locations indicated in Sections 904.2 through 904.11.
	904.2 Use Groups A-1, A-3 and A-4: An automatic fire-suppression system shall be provided throughout all Use Groups A-1, A-3 and A-4 exceeding 10,000 square feet gross.
	904.3 Use Group A-2: An automatic fire-suppression system shall be provided throughout all Use Group A-2 exceeding 5,000 square feet gross.
	904.4 Sue Group B: An automatic fire-suppression system shall be provided throughout all Use Group B exceeding 10,000 square feet gross.
	904.5 Use Group E: An automatic fire-suppression system shall be provided throughout all Use Group E exceeding 10,000 square feet gross.
	904.6 Use Group H: An automatic fire-suppression system shall be provided throughout all Use Group H, regardless of gross square footage.
	904.7 Use Group I: An automatic fire-suppression system shall be provided throughout all buildings with Use Group I, regardless of gross square footage.
	904.8 Use Group M, S-1 and F-1: Throughout all buildings exceeding 10,000 square feet gross with a Use Group M, S-1 or F-1, an automatic fire-suppression system shall be provided as follows:
	904.9 Use Group R-1: An automatic fire-suppression system shall be provided throughout all buildings with a Use Group R-1 fire are in accordance with Section 906.2.1 or 906.2.2.
	904.10 Use Group R-2 and R-3: An automatic fire-suppression system shall be provided throughout all buildings with an occupancy in Use Group R-2 in accordance with section 906.2.1 or 906.2.2.
	904.11 Other Required Suppression Systems: In addition to the requirements of this section, the sections of this code indicated in Table 904.11 also require the installation of an automatic fire-suppression system for certain buildings and areas.

	Table 904.11 Additional Required Suppression Systems
	Section	Subject
	302.1.1	Specific occupancy areas
	402.10; 402.15.2	Covered mail buildings
	403.2	High-rise buildings
	404.2	Atriums
	408.3.1	Public garages
	408.4	Fuel-dispensing areas
	411.7	Sound stages
	412.6	Stages and enclosed platforms
	413.4	Special amusement buildings
	416.4	HPM facilities
	419.3	Paint spray booths & storage rooms
	507.1	Unlimited area buildings
	1020.3	Exit lobbies
	2806.4	Drying rooms
	2807.6	Waste and linen chutes and termination and incinerator room/elevator shafts
	2808.4	Refuse vaults

	SECTION 905.0 SUPPRESSION SYSTEM AGENT COMPATIBILITY
	905.1 Agent Compatibility: The extinguishing agent for each suppression system shall be compatible with the type of hazard and fire. Each fixed fire-suppression system shall be of an approved type and shall be designed and installed in accordance with the requirements of this code.
	905.1.1 Special Hazards: In rooms or buildings containing combustible (such as aluminum powder, calcium carbide, calcium phosphate, metallic sodium and potassium, quick lime, magnesium powder or sodium peroxide) that are incompatible with water as an extinguishing agent, other extinguishing agents shall be utilized.

	SECTION 906.0 SUPPRESSION SYSTEM AGENT COMPATIBILITY
	906.1 General: Automatic sprinkler systems shall be approved and shall be designed and installed in accordance with the provisions of this code.
	906.2 Equipped Throughout: Where the provisions of this code require that a building be equipped throughout with automatic sprinkler system, the system shall be designed and installed in accordance with Section 906.2.1, 906.2.2 or 906.2.3.
	Exception: Where water as an extinguishing agent is not compatible with the fire hazard (See Section 905.1.) or is prohibited by a law, statute or ordinance, the affected area shall be equipped with an approved automatic fire-suppression system utilizing a suppression agent that is compatible with the fire hazard.
	906.3 Design: The details of the system indicated on the construction documents shall include calculations and information on the sprinkler spacing and arrangement, water supply and discharge requirements, size and equivalent lengths of pipe and fittings and water supply source. Sufficient information shall be included to identify the apparatus and device used.
	906.4 Actuation: Water sprinkler systems shall be automatically actuated unless otherwise specifically provided for in this code.
	906.5 Sprinkler Alarms: Approved audible and visual alarm devices shall be connected to every water sprinkler system. Such alarm devices shall be activated by water flow and shall be placed in an approved location on the exterior of the building, and an additional audible and visual alarm device shall be installed in an approved location.
	906.6 Water-Control Valve Identification: All valves controlling water to fire-protection systems shall be provided with permanently attached identification tags indicating the valves' function and what is controlled. A sufficient protected area for water controls will be determined by the Fire Department.
	906.7 Sprinkler Riser: A sprinkler system riser which also serves as the wet standpipe riser in buildings required to have or having both systems, shall conform to Section 914.6.
	906.8 Signs: Where sprinkler control valves are located in separate room or building, a sign shall be provided on the entrance door. The lettering for such sign shall conform to Section 901.6, shall be at least four inches (102 mm) in height and shall read "Sprinkler Control Valves."
	906.9 Acceptance Tests: All sprinkler systems shall be tested in accordance with Section 906.9.1 through 906.9.6.
	906.9.1 Underground Connections: Lead-in connections shall be flushed and tested in accordance with NFPA 13 and 241 listed in Chapter 35.
	906.9.2 Hydrostatic Test: All sprinkler systems shall be tested hydrostatically for two hours without visible leakage at not less than 200 psi (1379 kPa) or at 50 psi (344.75 kPa) in excess of the maximum static pressure, whichever is greater. The test pressure shall be read from a gauge located at the low elevation point of the individual system or portion of the system being tested.
	Exception: When climatic conditions will not permit testing with water, an interim test shall be conducted with air pressure in accordance with Section 906.9.3 and the standard hydrostatic test shall be conducted when weather conditions permit.
	906.9.3 Air Test: Before the water supply for a dry pipe system is turned on and the system is placed into service, the system shall be tested with air pressure of at least 40 psi (276 kPa) and be allowed to stand 24 hours with a maximum pressure loss of 1 1/2 psi (10.34 kPa). To prevent damaging the valve, the clapper valve of a differential-type dry-pipe valve shall be held off the valve set during any test at a pressure in excess of 50 psi (344.75 kPa). Automatic air-pressure maintenance devices shall be capable of restoring normal operating air pressure in the system within 30 minutes except for low-differential dry pipe systems where the maximum recovery time shall be 60 minutes.
	906.9.4 Main Drain test: A drain test shall be performed in order to obtain both static and residual pressure readings.
	906.9.5 Flow Test: All systems shall be tested at the test pipe to determine that water flow detecting devices, including the associated alarm circuits, are in proper working order. Dry pipe systems shall deliver water to the inspector's test pipe in not more than 60 seconds.
	906.9.6 Preaction and Deluge Systems: Testing of the supplemental fire-detection systems designed to activate the preaction and deluge systems shall be in accordance with Section 917.10.

	SECTION 908.0 WATER-SPRAY FIXED SYSTEMS
	908.1 General: Water-spray fixed systems for fire suppression shall be of an approved type and shall be installed in accordance with the provisions of this code and NFiPA 15 listed in Chapter 35. A water-spray fixed system is a system connected to a reliable source of water supply and equipped with normally open water-spray nozzles for specific discharge and distribution over the surface or area to be protected.
	908.2 Design: Complete construction documents and hydraulic calculations shall be submitted for review prior to installation. The submittal shall include nozzle layouts, friction loss, detailed layout of the entire area to be protected.
	908.3 Actuation: Water-spray systems shall be automatically actuated and shall be provided with a manual means of actuation.
	908.4 Acceptance Tests: All new system piping shall be flushed and tested in accordance with the provisions of NFiPA 15 listed in Chapter 35.

	SECTION 909.0 CARBON DIOXIDE EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS
	909.1 General: Carbon dioxide extinguishing systems shall be of an approved type and shall be installed in accordance with the provisions of this code and NFiPA 12 listed in Chapter 35. A carbon dioxide extinguishing system is a system which supplies CO₂ from a pressurized vessel through fixed pipes and nozzles.
	909.2 Design: The details of the system indicated on the construction documents shall include information and calculations of the amount of carbon dioxide; the location and flow rate of each nozzle including equivalent orifice area; and the location and size of the carbon dioxide storage facility. Information shall be submitted pertaining to the location and function of detecting devices, operating devices, auxiliary equipment and electrical circuitry, if used. Sufficient information shall be indicated to identify properly the apparatus and devices used. Any special features shall be adequately explained.
	909.3 Actuation: Carbon dioxide extinguishing systems shall be automatically actuated and shall be provided with a manual means of actuation.
	909.4 Safety Requirements: Where persons will enter or be trapped in atmospheres made hazardous by carbon dioxide discharge, warning signs and discharge alarms shall be provided.
	909.5 Acceptance Tests: All carbon dioxide extinguishing systems shall be tested in accordance with NFiPA 12 listed in Chapter 35. A completed system shall be tested for tightness up to the selector valve, and for continuity of piping with free unobstructed flow beyond the selector valve. The labeling of devices with proper designations and instructions shall be checked. Operational tests shall be conducted on all devices except cylinder valves in multicylinder high-pressure systems. Where conditions prevail that make it difficult to determine adequately the system requirements or design, a suitable discharge test and concentration analysis shall be made.

	SECTION 910.0 DRY-CHEMICAL EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS
	910.1 General: Dry-chemical extinguishing systems shall be of an approved type and shall be installed in accordance with the provisions of this code and NFiPA 17 listed in Chapter 35. A dry-chemical extinguishing system is a system consisting of dry chemical and expellant gas storage tanks, fixed piping and nozzles used to assure proper distribution of approved extinguishing agent to a specific fire hazard or into a potential fire area.
	910.2 Design: The details of the system indicated on the construction documents shall include sufficient information and calculations of the amount of dry chemical; the size, length and arrangement of connected piping, and hose, and a description and location of nozzles so that the adequacy of the system can be determined. Information shall be submitted pertaining the location and function of detecting devices, operating devices, auxiliary equipment and electrical circuitry, if used. Sufficient information shall be indicated to identify properly the apparatus and devices used. Any special features shall be adequately explained.
	910.3 Actuation: Dry chemical extinguishing systems shall be automatically actuated and shall be provided with a manual means of actuation. The system will be required to be a part of the building alarm system.
	910.4 Safety Requirements: Where persons will be exposed to a dry-chemical discharge, warnings signs and discharge alarms shall be provided.
	910.5 Acceptance Tests: All dry-chemical extinguishing systems shall be tested in accordance with NFiPA 17 listed in Chapter 35. A completed system shall be tested by a discharge of expellant gas through the piping and nozzles. Observations for gas leakage and for continuity of piping with free obstructed flow shall be made. Observations shall be made of the flow of expellant gas through all nozzles. The labeling devices with proper designations and instructions shall be checked. After testing, all piping and nozzles shall be blown clean using compressed air or nitrogen, and the system shall be properly charged and placed in that normal "set" condition.
	910.5.1 Discharge Test: All systems shall be tested by a discharge of expellant gas through the piping nozzle with observations being made of the flow of expellant gas through all nozzles as well as observing for leakage and continuity of piping with free unobstructed flow.
	910.6 Range Hoods: In addition to the requirements of this section and the mechanical code listed in Chapter 35, range hood dry-chemical systems shall bear the label of an approved agency. The system shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's installation instructions. The dry-chemical agent of the system shall be non toxic.

	SECTION 911.0 FOAM-EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS
	911.1 General: Foam-extinguishing systems shall be of an approved type and shall be installed in accordance with the provisions of this code and NFiPA 11, 11A and 16 listed in Chapter 35. A foam-extinguishing system is a special system designed to discharge, either mechanically or chemically, a foam made from concentrates, over the area to be protected.
	911.2 Design: The details of the system indicated on the construction documents shall include complete computation showing pressure drop in all system piping, friction loss calculations of liquid lines and a detailed layout of the entire hazard area to be protected. Hydraulic characteristics of foam proportioners and foam makers as determined by tests shall be supplied by the manufacturer to the Department (including the range of operating conditions required to the proposed installation) to permit determination of the adequacy of the hydraulics of the proposed protection.
	911.3 Actuation: A foam-extinguishing system shall be automatically actuated and shall be provided with a manual means of actuation. (See Section 910-3.)
	911.4 Safety Requirements: In any proposed use of a medium- or high-expansion foam where persons will be exposed to the foam discharge, warning signs and discharge alarms shall be provided.
	911.5 Acceptance Tests: All foam-extinguishing systems shall be tested in accordance with NFiPA 11, 11A and 16 listed in Chapter 35. The system shall be subjected to a flow test to insure that the hazard area is fully protected in compliance with the design specifications, and to determine flow pressures, actual discharge capacity, foam quality, consumption rate of, foam-producing materials, manpower requirements and other operating characteristics.

	SECTION 912.0 HALOGENATED EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS
	912.1 General: Halogenated extinguishing systems shall be of an approved type and shall be installed in accordance with the provisions of this code and NFiPA 12A and 12B listed in Chapter 35. A halogenated extinguishing system is a system consisting of pipes, open nozzles and a container of halogenated agent under pressure.
	912.2 Design: The details of the system indicated on the construction documents shall include information and calculations of the amount of extinguishing agent; the container storage pressure; the location equivalent orifice area; the location, size and equivalent lengths of pipe fittings and hose; and the location and size of the storage facility. Information shall be submitted pertaining to the location and function of detecting devices, operating devices, auxiliary equipment and electrical circuitry, if used. Sufficient information shall be indicated to identify properly the apparatus and devices used. Any special features shall be adequately explained.
	912.3 Actuation: Halogenated extinguishing shall be automatically actuated and shall also be provided with a manual means of actuation. (See Section 910.3.)
	912.4 Safety Requirements: Where persons will enter or be trapped in atmospheres made hazardous by a halogenated system discharge, warning signs and discharge alarms shall be provided.
	912.5 Acceptance Tests: All halogenated extinguishing systems shall be tested in accordance with NFiPA 12A and 12B listed in Chapter 35. A completed system shall be tested for tightness up to the selector valve, and for continuity of piping with free unobstructed flow beyond the selector valve. The labeling of devices with proper designations and instructions shall be checked. Operational tests shall be conducted on all devices except cylinder valves in multicylinder systems; where conditions prevail that make it difficult to determine adequately the system requirements or design, a suitable discharge test and concentration analysis shall be made.

	SECTION 913.0 WET-CHEMICAL RANGE HOOD EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS
	913.1 General: Wet-chemical extinguishing systems shall be installed in accordance with the provisions of its section, and the mechanical code and NFiPA 17A listed in Chapter 35. The system shall bear the label of an approved agency and shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's installation instructions. A wet-chemical system is a solution of water and potassium-carbonate-based chemical, potassium-acetate-based chemical or a combination thereof which forms the extinguishing agent.
	913.2 Design: The details of the system indicated on the construction documents shall include sufficient information and calculations on the amount of wet-chemical; the size, length and arrangement of connected piping; and a description and the system can be determined. Information shall be submitted pertaining to the location and function of detection devices, operating devices, auxiliary equipment and electrical circuitry, if used. Sufficient information shall be indicated to identify properly the apparatus and devices used. Any special features shall be adequately explained.
	913.3 Actuation: Wet-chemical extinguishing systems shall be automatically actuated and shall be provided with a manual means of actuation. (See Section 910.3.)
	913.4 Safety Requirements: Where persons will be exposed to a wet-chemical discharge, warning sign and discharge alarms shall be provided.
	913.5 Acceptance Tests: All wet-chemical extinguishing systems shall be tested in accordance with NFiPA 17A listed in Chapter 35. A completed system shall be tested by discharge of wet chemical in sufficient amounts to verify that the system is properly installed and functional. Tests shall include a check of the detection systems, the alarms and the releasing devices, including manual stations, fuel and power shutoff devices and other associated equipment.
	913.5.1 Discharge Tests: All systems shall be tested by a discharge of expellant gas through the piping and nozzles with observations being made of the flow of expellant gas through all nozzles as well as observing for leakage and continuity of piping with free unobstructed flow.

	SECTION 914.0 STANDPIPE SYSTEMS
	914.1 General: Standpipe systems shall be installed and maintained in accordance with the provisions of this code, and the fire prevention code and NFiPA 14 listed in Chapter 35.
	914.2 Where Required: Standpipe systems shall be installed where required by this code and in the locations indicated in Section 914.2.1 through 914.2.4.
	914.2.1 Building Height: Standpipe systems shall be installed throughout all buildings in which the floor level of the highest story located more than 30 feet (9,144 mm) above the lowest level of the Fire Department vehicle access or in which the floor level of the lowest story is located more than 30 feet (9,144 mm) below the highest level of Fire Department vehicle access.
	914.2.2 Building Area: Standpipe systems shall be installed in all buildings where any portion of the building floor area is more than 100 feet of travel from the nearest point of Fire Department vehicle access.
	914.2.3 Malls: Standpipe systems shall be installed in all malls in accordance with Section 402.11.
	914.2.4 Stages: Standpipe systems shall be installed in stages in accordance with Section 412.7.
	914.3 Types of Systems: A standpipe system shall be one of the following types:
	1.	A wet standpipe system having the supply valve open and water pressure maintained at all times;
	2.	A dry standpipe system so arranged through the use of approved devices as to admit water to the system automatically by opening a hose valve;
	3.	A dry standpipe system arranged to admit water to the system through manual operation of approved remote control devices located at each hose connection; or
	4.	A dry standpipe system that does not have a permanent water supply.
	914.3.1 Type of Systems Required: Buildings required by Section 914.2 to be equipped with standpipe systems shall be provided with a wet standpipe system that complies with Section 914.3. Item 1.
	914.4 Piping Design: The riser piping, supply piping and the water service piping shall be sized to maintain a residual pressure of at least 65 psi (488 kPa) at the topmost outlet of each riser while flowing the minimum quantities of water specified in NFPA 14.[3]
	914.4.1 and 914.4.2: The pipe size shall be based on the capacity of the automatic water supply system or, where an automatic water supply is neither required nor provided to maintain the residual pressure of 65 psi (488 kPa), the pipe shall be based on a pressure of 150 psi (1034 kPa) available at the Fire Department connection.
	914.4.1 Riser Sizing: The riser size shall be based on hydraulic calculations for a minimum flow of 500 gallons per minute (gpm) (0.032m3/s).
	Exceptions:
	1.	Where only 1 1/2 inch valves are provided, the riser(s) shall be sized to provide a minimum flow of 100 gpm (0.006m 1/3).
	2.	In buildings where limited sprinkler systems are supplied with water from a common standpipe riser, the riser shall be sized to satisfy total demand.
	3.	For occupancies in Use Group B, I, R-1 or R-2 in buildings that are equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 906.2.1, each riser shall be sized for a minimum flow of 250 gpm (0.016m 1/s).
	4.	Risers that are sized in accordance with the pipe schedule requirements of NFiPA 14 listed in Chapter 35 are not subject to this requirement.
	914.4.2 System Pipe Sizing: The system piping, including the horizontal or common feeder lines, shall be sized for a minimum flow of 500 gpm (0.32m 1/s). Where more than one standpipe riser is required or provided, all common system piping shall be sized for a minimum flow of 500 gpm (0.0321/s) for the first riser plus 250 gpm (0.016m 1/s) for each additional riser, and the total shall not be required to exceed 1,250 gpm (0.08m 1/s).
	Exceptions:
	1.	Where only 1 1/2 inch valves are provided, the supply piping shall be sized for a minimum flow of 100 gpm (0.0063m 1/s) for each riser, and the total shall not be required to exceed 500 gpm (0.032m 1/s).
	2.	In buildings where limited area sprinkler systems are supplied with water from a common standpipe riser, the supply piping shall be sized for a minimum flow of 500 gpm (0.032m 1/s) plus the sprinkler demand for the first riser, plus 250 gpm (0.016m 1/s) for each additional riser, and the total shall not be required to exceed 1,250 gpm (0.08m 1/s).
	3.	For occupancies in Use Group B, I, R-1 or R-2 in buildings that are equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 906.2.1, all common supply piping shall be sized for a minimum flow of 250 gpm (0.0161/s) for the first riser plus 250 gpm (0.016m 1/s) for each additional riser, and the total shall not be required to exceed 750 gpm (0.05m 1/s).
	914.5 Water Supply: A water supply for Fire Department equipment shall be available to the building site. The water supply shall be capable of a minimum flow as required by Section 914.4.2 for a duration of 30 minutes. The water supply shall not be more than 150 feet from system connection.
	914.5.1 Automatic Water Supply: An automatic water supply is required for all standpipe systems. The automatic water supply and supply piping shall be capable of delivering a flow of 500 gpm (0.032m 1/s) at the residual pressure specified in Section 914.4 for a duration of 30 minutes.
	914.6 Control Valves: Where a standpipe system riser also serves as the automatic sprinkler system riser in buildings required to have both systems or in buildings having both systems, sprinkler control valves shall be installed at each floor level at the connection to the riser.
	914.7 Hose Connections: A standpipe hose connection shall be located at each floor level at every exit stairway, and on each side of the wall adjacent to the exit opening of a horizontal exit.
	914.7.1 Location: At each floor level, and not more than five feet (1524 mm) above the floor, there shall be connected to each standpipe a 2 1/2 inch hose connection with valves and threads compatible with the connections used by the local Fire Department.
	914.7.2 Roof Hydrants: Where standpipes are installed in building more than six stories or 75 feet (22,860 mm) in height, at least one riser shall extend through the roof and terminate in a two-way, 2 1/2 inch hose connection. The main control valve on a roof hydrant or manifolded hose connection shall be located in an area that is not subject to freezing, is as close to the roof access as practical and is plainly marked. (See Section 915.8.)
	914.7.3 Pressure-Regulating Devices: Where residual pressure at any standpipe hose outlet exceeds 100 psi (690 kPa), approved pressure-regulating devices shall be installed at the outlets to limit the pressure to 100 psi (690 kPa). Such devices shall regulate pressure under flow and no-flow conditions and shall not be capable of being adjusted to pressure higher than 100 psi (690 kPa) unless approved. The pressure on the inlet side of the pressure-regulating device shall not exceed the rated working pressure of the device.
	914.7.4 Protection of Risers: Risers and laterals of standpipe systems of the types complying with Section 914.3, Items 2 or 3, and not located within a fire resistance rated exit enclosure shall be enclosed by construction having a minimum fire resistance rating equal to that required for shaft enclosures in the building.
	914.8 Test Gauges: An approved water pressure gauge shall be attached to each discharge pipe from fire pump and public supply, at the pressure tank, at the air pump that supplies pressure to the tank and the top of each standpipe riser for inspection and test purposes. Shutoff valves, with provisions for bleeding pressure from the gauge, shall be installed between the gauge and the top of the riser. Access to the gauge shall be provided and the gauges shall be located in spaces not subject to freezing.
	Exception: Where more than one standpipe riser is interconnected at the top, a single gauge properly located is permitted to be substituted for gauge at the top of each standpipe riser.
	914.9 Materials: All standpipes shall be constructed of approved materials. All pipe, fittings and valves shall be of an extra-heavy pattern where the normal working pressure will exceed 175 psi (1270 kPa).
	914.10 Unheated Areas: Portions of the standpipe system which contain water shall be protected from freezing.
	914.11 Signs: Where control valves are located in a separate room or building, a sign shall be provided on the entrance door. The lettering of such sign shall conform to Section 901.6 and shall be at least four inches (102 mm) in height and shall read "Standpipe Control Valves."
	914.12 Acceptance Tests: All standpipe systems shall be tested in accordance with Sections 914.12.1 through 914.12.4.
	914.12.1 Underground Connections: Underground mains and lead-in connections shall be flushed and tested in accordance with NFiPA 14 and 24 listed in Chapter 35.
	914.12.2 Hydrostatic Tests: All systems shall be tested hydrostatically for two hours at not less than 200 psi (1379 kPa) or at 50 psi (345 kPa) in excess of the maximum static pressure, whichever is greater. The hydrostatic pressure shall be measured at the low elevation point of the individual system or zone being tested. The inside standpipe piping shall not show any leakage.
	914.12.3 Flow Test: All systems shall have a flow test conducted at the determine compliance with the single-riser criteria of Section 914.4.
	914.12.4 Dry Devices: A working test of valves, quick-opening devices and air maintenance devices installed in systems complying with Section 914.3, Item 2 or 3, shall be made before acceptance. These systems shall deliver water at the most remote hose outlet in not more than 60 seconds.

	SECTION 915.0 FIRE DEPARTMENT CONNECTIONS
	915.1 Required: All required water fire extinguishing and standpipe systems shall be provided with a Fire Department connection in accordance with the applicable standards. Standpipes in buildings under construction or demolition shall conform to Section 3305.3.
	915.2 Connections: Fire Department connections shall be arranged in such a manner the attachments to any one water sprinkler connection will serve all sprinklers, and the attachment to any one standpipe connection will serve all standpipes within the building.
	915.3 Location: Fire Department connections shall be located and shall be visible on a street front or in a location approved by the Fire Department. Such connections shall be located so that immediate access is provided to the Fire Department. Fire Department connections shall not be obstructed by fences, brushes, trees, walls or any other similar object.
	915.4 Height: Fire Department connections shall not be less than 24 inches and not more than 42 inches (1,067 mm) in elevation, measured from the ground level to the center line of the inlets.
	915.5 Projection: Where the Fire Department connection will otherwise project beyond the property line or into the public way, a flush-type Fire Department connection shall be provided.
	915.6 Hose Threads: Hose thread in the Fire Department connection shall be uniform with that used by the local Fire Department.
	915.7 Fittings: Fire Department, inlet connections shall be fitted with check valves, ball drip valves and plugs with chains or frangible caps.
	915.8 Signs: A metal sign with raised letters at least one inch (25 mm) in height shall be mounted on all Fire Department connections serving sprinklers or standpipes. Signs shall read "automatic sprinklers" or "standpipe," or both, as applicable.

	SECTION 916.0 YARD HYDRANTS
	916.1 Fire Hydrants: Fire hydrants installed on private property shall be located and installed as directed by the Fire Department. Hydrants shall conform to the standards of the administrative authority of the jurisdiction and the Fire Department. Hydrants shall not be installed on a water main less than eight inches in diameter.

	SECTION 917.0 FIRE-PROTECTIVE SIGNALING SYSTEMS
	917.1 General: Fire proactive signaling systems shall be of an approved type and shall be installed in accordance with the provisions of this code and NFiPA 72 listed in Chapter 35.
	917.2 Construction Documents: Where a fire-protective signaling system is required by this code, the construction documents shall show the location and number of all alarm-initiating devices and alarm-indicating appliances, and shall provide a description of all equipment to be used, proposed zoning, a list of auxiliary control functions (i.e., elevator capture), location of the control panel(s), and a complete sequence of operation for the system.
	917.3 Approval: All devices, combinations of devices, appliances and equipment shall be approved for the fire-protective signaling purposes for which equipment is used.
	917.4 Where Required: A fire-protective signaling system shall be installed and maintained in full operating condition in the locations described in Section 917.4.1 through 917.4.6.
	917.4.1 Use Group A-1, A-2, A-3, A-4, B, E, F, H, I, M and S: A fire-protective signaling system shall be installed and maintained in all occupancies in Use Group A-1, A-2, A-3, A-4, B, E, F, H, I, M and S.
	917.4.2 Use Group R-1, R-2, R-3: A fire-protective signaling system shall be installed and maintained in all occupancies in Use Group R-2 where any dwelling unit is located three or more stories above the lowest level of exit discharge or more than one story below the highest level of exit discharge of exits serving the dwelling unit.
	917.5 Location: Manual fire alarm boxes shall be located not more than five feet (1,524 mm) from the entrance to each exit.
	917.5.1 Manual Fire Alarm Boxes: The height of the manual fire alarm boxes shall be a minimum of 42 inches (1,067 mm) and a maximum of 54 inches (1,372 mm) measured vertically, from the floor level to the activating handle or lever of the box, manual fire alarm boxes shall be red in color, in all occupancies in Use Group I-3, the manual fire alarm boxes shall be permitted to be locked in areas where staff is present whenever such areas are occupied and keys are readily available to unlock the boxes, or the boxes shall be located in a manned staff location which has direct supervision of the sleeping area.
	917.6 Power Supply: The primary and secondary power supply for the fire-protective signaling system shall be provided in accordance with NFiPA 72 listed in Chapter 35.
	917.7 Wiring: All wiring shall conform to the requirements of NFiPA 72 listed in Chapter 35. Wireless systems utilizing radio frequency transmitting devices shall comply with the special requirements for supervision of low-power wireless systems in NFiPA 72 listed in Chapter 35.
	917.7.1 Activation: The alarm-indicating appliances shall be automatically activated by all of the following where provided:
	1.	Smoke detectors, other than single and multiple station smoke detectors
	2.	Sprinkler water-flow devices
	3.	Manual fire alarm boxes, and duct detectors
	4.	Other approved types of automatic fire-detection devices or suppression systems
	917.7.2 Presignal Systems: Presignal systems shall not be installed unless approved by the Code Official and by the Fire Department. Where a presignal system is installed, twenty-four-hour personnel supervision shall be provided at the location approved by the Fire Department, in order that the alarm signal can be actuated in the event of fire or other emergency.
	917.7.3 Zones: Each floor shall be zoned separately, and a zone shall not exceed 2,000 square feet (465 m²). The length of any zone shall not exceed 100 feet in any direction. A zoning indicator panel and the associated controls shall be provided in an approval location. The visual zone indication shall lock in until the system is reset and shall not be canceled by the operation of an audible alarm-silencing switch. In buildings that have floors located more than 75 feet (22,869 mm) above the lowest level of Fire Department vehicle access which are occupied for human occupancy, a separate zone by floor shall be provided for the following types of alarm-initiating devices where provided.
	1.	Smoke detectors
	2.	Sprinkler water-flow devices
	3.	Manual fire alarm boxes; and duct detection
	4.	Other approved types of automatic fire-detection devices or suppression systems
	917.8 Alarm-Indicating Appliances: Alarm-indicating appliances of the approved type shall be provided.
	917.8.1 Visible Alarms: Visible alarm-indicating appliances shall be provided in public and common areas of all buildings. In occupancies in Use Group I-1 and R-1, all required accessible sleeping rooms and suites plus an additional number of sleeping rooms or suites in accordance with Table 917.8.1 shall be provided with a visible alarm-indicating appliance, activated by both the in-room smoke detector and the building fire-protective signaling system.

	Table 917.8.1 Visible and Audible Alarms
	No. of Sleeping Room/Suites	Sleeping Rooms/Suites with Visible/Audible Alarms
	6 to 25	1
	26 to 50	2
	51 to 75	3
	76 to 100	4
	101 to 150	5
	151 to 200	6
	201 to 300	7
	301 to 400	8
	401 to 500	9
	501 to 1,000	2% of total
	1,000 and over	20 plus 1 for each 100 over 1,000

	917.8.2 Audible Alarms: Audible alarm-indicating appliances shall be provided and shall sound a distinctive sound which shall not be used for any purpose other than that of a fire alarm. The audible alarm-indicating appliances shall provide a sound-pressure level of 15 dBa above the average ambient sound level in every occupied space within the buildings. The minimum sound-pressure levels shall be 70 dBa in occupancies in Use Group R and I-1; 90 dBa in mechanical equipment rooms; and 60 dBa in all other use groups. The maximum sound-pressure level for audible alarm-indicating appliances shall be 130 dBa at the minimum hearing distance from the audible appliance.
	917.9 Voice/Alarm Signaling System: A voice/alarm signaling system shall be provided where required by other sections of this code. When activated in accordance with Section 917.7.1, the voice/alarm signaling system shall automatically sound an alert signal to all occupants within the buildings on a general or selective basis to the following terminal areas; elevators, elevator lobbies, corridor, exit stairways, rooms and tenant space exceeding 1,000 square feet in area; dwelling units in occupancies in Use Group R-2; and guest rooms or suites in occupancies in Use Group R-1. The fire command station shall contain controls to transmit manually an evacuation signal and voice instructions on a selective and all-call basis to the terminal areas indicate herein. The voice/alarm system shall be installed in accordance with the provisions of this code and NFiPA 72 listed in Chapter 35.
	917.10 Acceptance Tests: Upon completion of the fire-protective signaling system, all alarm-initiating devices and circuits, supervisory-signal initiating devices and circuits, signaling line circuits, and primary and secondary power supplies shall be subjected to a 100% acceptance test in accordance with NFiPA 72 and 72E listed in Chapter 35.

	SECTION 918.0 AUTOMATIC FIRE-DETECTION SYSTEM
	918.1 General: Automatic fire-detection systems shall be of an approved type and shall be installed in accordance with the provisions of this code and NFiPA 72E listed in Chapter 35.
	918.2 Construction Documents: Where an automatic fire-detection system is required by this code, the construction documents shall show the location and number of all automatic fire detectors with specifications of the type of fire sequence of operation for the system. The system shall be installed in accordance with this section and shall be part of and be subject to the requirements of a fire-protective signaling system specified in Section 917.0.
	918.3 Approval: All devices, combinations of devices, appliances and equipment shall be approved for the fire signaling purpose for which such equipment is used. The automatic fire detectors shall be smoke detectors, except an approved alternative type of detector shall be installed in spaces such as boiler rooms where, during normal operation, products of combustion are present in sufficient quantity to actuate a smoke detector.
	918.4 Where required: An automatic fire-detection system shall be installed and maintained in full operating condition in the locations described in Section 918.4.1 through 918.4.4.
	918.4.1 Use Group I-1: An automatic fire-detection system shall be installed and maintained in all occupancies in Use Group I-1.
	918.4.2 Use Group I-2: An automatic fire-detection system shall be installed and maintained in all occupancies in Use Group I-2.
	918.4.3 Use Group I-3: An automatic fire-detection system shall be installed and maintained in all resident housing areas of Use Group I-3. Smoke detectors shall be arranged and positioned to prevent damage or tampering, provided that the function and speed of detecting a fire is equivalent to that provided by the spacing and arrangements of NFiPA 72E listed in Chapter 35.
	918.4.4 Use Group R-1: An automatic fire-detection system shall be installed and maintained in all occupancies in Use Group R-1.
	918.4.5 Use Groups A-1, A-2, A-3, A-4, B, E, F, H, I, M and S: An automatic fire detector system shall be installed and maintained in all occupancies in Use Groups A-1, A-2, A-3, A-4, B, E, F, H, I, M and S.
	918.4.6 Special Use: Fire-detection devices shall be installed in elevator shafts, mechanical room, and elevator discharge lobbies. This system will activate the elevator capture mode incorporated into the elevator operation.
	918.6 Zones: Zoning shall be provided in accordance with Section 917.7.3.
	918.7 Alarm Verification: Alarms activated by smoke detectors required by this section shall be activated by either two cross-zoned smoke detectors within a single protected area or a single smoke detector monitored by an alarm verification zone or an approved equivalent method.
	918.8 Local Control Functions: Automatic fire detectors utilized for the purpose of performing local control functions shall be a part of a fire-protective signaling system. The detector shall, upon actuation, perform the intended function and activate the alarm-indicating devices or activate a visible and audible supervisory signal at a constant attended location.
	918.9 Access: Access shall be provided to each detector for periodic inspection, maintenance and testing.

	SECTION 919.0 SINGLE AND MULTIPLE STATION SMOKE DETECTORS
	919.1 General: Single and multiple station smoke detectors shall be of an approved type and shall be installed in accordance with the provisions of NFiPA 74 listed in Chapter 35.
	919.2 Construction Documents: Where single and multiple station smoke detectors are required by this code, the construction documents shall show the location and number with specifications of the type of detector.
	919.3 Where Required: Single or multiple station smoke detectors shall be installed and maintained in full operating condition in the locations described in Sections 919.3 through 919.3.3.
	919.3.1 Use Group R-1: Single and multiple station smoke detectors shall be installed and maintained in the following locations in Use Group R-1:
	1.	In all sleeping areas
	2.	In every room in the path of the means of egress from the sleeping area to the door leading from the guest room or suite; and
	3.	In each story within the guest room or suite, including basements
	919.3.2 Use Group R-2 and R-3: Single and multiple station smoke detectors shall be installed and maintained in all occupancies in Use Groups R-2 and R-3 at the following locations:
	1.	In the immediate vicinity of bedrooms;
	2.	In all bedrooms; and
	3.	In each story within a dwelling unit, including basements.
	919.3.3 Use Group I-1: Single or multiple station smoke detectors shall be installed and maintained in all sleeping areas in occupancies in Use Group I-1.
	919.4 Interconnection: Where more than one connector is required to be installed within an individual dwelling unit in an occupancy in Use Group R-2 or R-3, or within an individual guest room or suite in an occupancy in Use Group R-1, the detectors shall be wired in such a manner that the actuation of one alarm will actuate all of the alarms in the individual unit.
	919.5 Battery Back-up: In addition to the required AC primary power source, required smoke detectors in occupancies in Use Groups R-2, R-3 and I-1 shall receive power from a battery when the AC primary power source is interrupted.
	919.6 Acceptance Testing: When the installation of the detectors is complete, each detector - and all interconnecting wiring for multiple station detectors - shall be subject to a 100% acceptance test in accordance with NFiPA 74 listed in Chapter 15.

	SECTION 920.0 FIRE EXTINGUISHER
	920.1 Approval: Portable fire extinguisher shall bear the label of an approved agency, be of an approved type and be installed in a location visible and available to the occupants.
	920.2 Where Required: A portable fire extinguisher shall be installed in the following locations in accordance with NFiPA 10 listed in Chapter 35.
	1.	In all occupancies in Use Group A, B, E, F, H, I, M, R, And S;
	2.	In all areas containing commercial kitchen exhaust hood systems;
	3.	In all areas where fuel is dispensed;
	4.	In all areas where flammable or combustible liquid is used in the operation of spraying, coating or dipping;
	5.	In all occupancies in Use Group I-3 at staff locations; access to portable extinguisher shall be permitted to be locked;
	6.	On each completed floor buildings under construction, other than occupancies in Use Group R-3;
	7.	In any laboratory, shop or other room occupied for similar purposes; and
	8.	Where required by the fire prevention code listed in Chapter 35.

	SECTION 921.0 SMOKE CONTROL SYSTEMS
	921.1 General: Smoke control systems required by this code shall conform to the provisions of this section.
	921.2 Design Criteria: The smoke control system shall be designed to keep the smoke layer interface above the highest of either: the highest unprotected opening to adjoining spaces, or six feet (1,829 mm) above the highest floor level of exit access open to the atrium for a period of 20 minutes. This limiting height of the smoke interface above the atrium floor is "z." Provisions shall also be made to provide for smoke removal from the atrium at a rate of not less than two air changes per hour by means of natural or mechanical ventilation.
	921.2.1 Passive System: Active smoke control is not required where it is shown that the smoke interface level requirement will be met without operating smoke exhaust.

921.2.1.1 Regular Spaces: For spaces with flat ceilings, a constant horizontal cross-section area above the smoke layer interface, and an A/H2 ratio between 0.9 and 21, the following equation shall be used to estimate the height of the interface at 20 minutes:
Z = 0.67 H - 0.28H In
Where:
	z	=	Height from floor to the smoke interface (feet)
	t	=	Time for interface to descent to z; use 1,200 seconds
	H	=	Atrium height; floor to flat ceiling (feet)
	Q	=	Steady heat release rate; use 4,400 Btu/sec. where the primary use groups is M, S-1, or F-1. Otherwise use 2,000 Btu/sec.
	A	=	Horizontal cross-sectional are of the above ceiling space being filled (square feet). Maximum A to be used shall be: A = 21 H2

921.2.1.2 Irregular Spaces: For spaces with sloped or irregular ceilings, A/H2 ratios outside the specified range, or varying cross sections, the filling time shall be determined using numerical integration from the ceiling to the critical smoke interface. The following equations shall be used to determine the rate of smoke production:
Where the interface level is above the limiting elevation (z) use:
V = 20.8Q 1/3 z 5/3 + 3.98 Q
Where the interface level is below the limiting elevation (Z) use:
V = 19.7 Q 3/8 z
Where:
	V	=	the volumetric rate of smoke production (cubic feet per minute)
	z1	=	limiting elevation (feet) = 0.533 Q 2/3

	921.2.2 Mechanical Systems: Where the smoke filling predicted in Section 921.2.1 does not meet the design criteria of Section 921.2, mechanical exhaust shall be provided to maintain these conditions.
	Sufficient mechanical exhaust shall be provided to maintain the smoke layer interface at or above the critical elevation for the twenty-minute period. The volumetric rate of smoke production (v) as determined by the equations in Section 921.2.1.2 shall be used to determine the exhaust rate to maintain the interface at the critical level (z). The minimum exhaust rate to be supplied for smoke control shall be adjusted in accordance with Table 921.2.2.1.

Table 921.2.2.1 Minimum Exhaust Rate Adjustment Factor^a
Z/H	t/t_o V/V_e
	0.25	0.35	0.50	0.70	0.85	0.95
0.2	1.12	1.19	1.30	1.55	1.89	2.49
0.3	1.14	1.21	1.35	1.63	2.05	2.78
0.4	1.16	1.24	1.40	1.72	2.24	3.15
0.5	1.17	1.28	1.45	1.84	2.48	3.57
0.6	1.20	1.32	1.52	2.00	2.78	4.11
0.7	1.23	1.36	1.61	2.20	3.17	4.98
0.8	1.26	1.41	1.71	2.46	3.71	6.25

Note a. Notation:
Z	=	Design height of smoke layer interface above fire source
H	=	Ceiling height above fire source
t	=	Time for smoke layer interface to descent to z (with exhaust) (seconds)
t_o	=	Value of t in absence of smoke exhaust (see Sections 921.2.1.1 or 921.2.1.2) (seconds)
V_e	=	Smoke control exhaust rate (minus any airflow into the smoke layer other than that from the plume)
V	=	Volumetric smoke production rate (from the equations in Section 921.2.1.2)

	921.2.3 Operation: The smoke control system shall be a dedicated system or shall be integrated with the mechanical ventilation system of the building. Operation of smoke control system shall automatically shut down all systems and devices which interfere with the effective operation of the smoke control system. Where the mechanical ventilation system is designed for smoke control, the return air shall be moved directly to the outside without recirculation to other areas of the building.
	921.2.4 Alternative Systems: An engineered design which will achieve the same level of smoke control as described in this section is permitted in lieu of these requirements.
	921.3 Smoke Removal: Provisions shall be made to provide ventilation at a rate of at least two air changes per hour from the atrium. This ventilation shall be through operable vents, separate mechanical exhaust, or through the building mechanical ventilation system. The exhaust inlets shall be located a minimum of six feet (1,829 mm) above any exit access walkway and above any openings into adjoining spaces. The smoke removal system shall be activated by manual controls provided for Fire Department use unless it is part of the smoke control system.

	921.4 Activation: The smoke control system shall be activated by actuation of the following:
	1.	Automatic sprinkler system;
	2.	Smoke detectors required by this section that comply with NFiPA 72E listed in Chapter 35
	3.	Manual controls provided for Fire Department use. The system shall be activated by a manual fire-protective signaling system
	921.4.1 Manual Control: Manual controls shall be provided at a location approved by the Fire Department.
	921.4.2 Smoke Detector Activation: Where the height of the atrium ceiling exceeds 30 feet (9,144 mm) above the floor of the atrium, approved smoke detectors shall be provided to detect smoke above the highest floor level open to the atrium. The installation of smoke detectors shall comply with Section 918.0.
	921.5 Standby Power: All equipment required to provide smoke control in floor openings connecting three or more stories shall be equipped with a standby source of power that complies with Section 2707.0.
	921.6 Acceptance: Any required smoke control design that requires operation of mechanical equipment shall be functionally tested in accordance with Section 921.6.2 until proper operation of all required mechanical equipment and control is demonstrated.
	921.6.1 System Operation Report: Prior to acceptance testing, a report of the required system operations shall be provided to the Code Official. The following items shall be included in the report if part of the required system:
	1.	Identify type(s) of smoke control activation signal(s), such as sprinkler water flow, smoke detection, manual, etc., and associated smoke control systems operation(s) that are activated by the signals.
	2.	Identify building area(s) where maximum mechanical exhaust to the outside is implemented and supply air is not provided.
	3.	Identify building area(s) where maximum air supply is implemented and exhaust to the outside is not provided.
	4.	Identify fan(s) which shall be "ON" as required to implement the smoke control system. If multiple-speed fans are used, the capacity at which the fans shall operate in the smoke control mode shall be identified.
	5.	Identify fan(s) which shall be "OFF" as required to implement the smoke control system.
	6.	Identify damper(s) which shall be "OPEN" to implement the smoke control system.
	7.	Identify damper(s) which shall be "CLOSED" to implement system.
	8.	Identify other functions required to implement the smoke control system.
	9.	Identify building areas which smoke and heat vents and method of operation of vents.
	10.	If required, identify the type(s) of standby power and the equipment that is served.
	921.6.2 Testing Procedures: The acceptance test procedure shall be approved. Acceptance testing shall be conducted in the presence of the Code Official or shall include documentation indicating that all mechanical equipment, control sequences, devices and components have been operationally tested and are functioning properly in accordance with the system operation report. All documentation from operational testing shall be available for inspection. Acceptance testing shall include the following:
	1.	Prior to beginning acceptance teaming, all building smoke control equipment shall be placed in the normal operation mode.
	2.	Acceptance testing shall demonstrate that each initiating device, fan, damper and other required equipment is operational and performs to the limits and capacity required.
	3.	Acceptance testing shall demonstrate the correct control outputs are produced for a given control input for each control sequence specified by the system operation report.
	4.	If standby power is required for the operation of the smoke control system, acceptance tests shall be conducted while on both normal building power and standby power.
	5.	Opening of smoke/heat vents shall be demonstrated if the vent is capable of being opened in a manner that does not require destructive testing.

	SECTION 922.0 SMOKE AND HEAT VENTS
	922.1 General: Where exit access travel distance is increased in accordance with Section 1006.5.1, smoke and heat vents shall be constructed and installed in accordance with this section.
	922.2 Vent Size and Spacing: The vent area and the spacing of the vents shall comply with Table 922.2.
	922.2.1 Releasing Devices: Smoke and heat vents shall open automatically by activation of a heat-responsive device rated at 100° F. (38° C.), 220° F. (104° C.) above ambient. The releasing mechanism shall be capable of operation such that the vent shall fully open when the vent is exposed to a time-temperature gradient that reaches an air temperature of 500° F. (260° C.) within five minutes. Vents shall be capable of being opened by an approved manual operation.
	922.3 Curtain Board Construction: Curtain boards shall be provided to subdivide a vented building. Curtain boards shall be constructed of material that will resist the passage of smoke and is consistent with the building type construction. Curtain board location and depth shall comply with Table. The bottom of the curtain board shall be level.

	SECTION 923.0 SUPERVISION
	923.1 Fire-Suppression Systems: All automatic fire-suppression systems required for occupancies in Use Group A, B, E, H, I, M or R shall be supervised by Method 1 or 2 below. All automatic fire-suppression systems in other use groups shall be supervised by one of the following methods:
	1.	Approved central-station system in accordance with NFiPA 71 listed in Chapter 35
	2.	Approved proprietary system, approve remote-station system or approved remote-station system or approved supervisory service which will cause the actuation of an audible appliance at a constantly attended location, in accordance with NFiPA 72 listed in Chapter 35
	3.	Locking open all valves on connections to water supplies, sectional control valves and other valves in supply pipes to fire-protection devices.
	923.2 Fire-protection Signaling Systems: All required fire-protective signaling systems shall terminate alarm and trouble signals to an approved central-station system, proprietary system or remote-station.

[3]

Editor's Note: Amended at time of adoption of Code (see Ch. 1, General Provisions, Art. I).

Building Sewer Code amendments. Amendments to 2003 ICC International Plumbing Code:

(1)

Section 306 Trenching, Excavation and Backfill. Add:

306.5. Underground Installation of Thermoplastic Pipe for Building Sewers. Installation of all thermoplastic sewer pipe for building sewers shall be in strict conformance with ASTM D 2321, Standard Practice for Underground Installation of Thermoplastic Pipe for Sewers and Other Gravity-Flow Applications. Pipe foundation and embedment materials shall be limited to Class IA or Class 1B materials.

(2)

Section 701, General, Paragraph 701.5:

701.5. Damage to drainage system or public sewers. Wastes detrimental to the public sewer system or to the functioning of the sewage-treatment plant shall be prohibited, regulated, and/or receive pretreatment in accordance with the provisions of the sewer use rules and regulations of the publicly opened treatment works responsible for operation of the public sewer system receiving said sewage discharge, and the governing federal and state laws and regulations pertaining to prohibited discharges and pretreatment requirements.

(3)

Section 702, Materials, Paragraph 702.3 Building Sewer Pipe. Add the following paragraph at the end of the existing paragraph: For pipe material other than thermoplastic pipe identified in Table 702.3, special application shall be made with the sewer connection permit application which provides all necessary data to evaluate the proposed pipe material for the application intended. Data required may include pipe depth profile, backfill soil density, superimposed loads that pipe may be exposed to, trench width, trench shoring methods, and other data appropriate to the installation. The Code Official is authorized to require specific pipe material and/or pipe strength for installations where excessive burial depths may be encountered or where superimposed loads cause a concern.

(4)

Section 702 Materials, Table 702.3 Building Sewer Pipe:

(a)

Amend: Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) plastic pipe Standard "CSA F 628" to read "ASTM F 628."

(b)

Delete: Coextruded composite ABS DWV schedule 40 IPS Pipe (solid).

(c)

Delete: Coextruded composite ABS DWV schedule 40 IPS pipe (cellular core).

(d)

Delete: Coextruded composite PVC DWV schedule 40 IPS pipe (solid).

(e)

Delete: Coextruded composite PVC DWV schedule 40 IPS pipe (cellular core).

(f)

Delete: Coextruded composite PVC IPS-DR, PS140, PA200, DWV.

(g)

Delete: Coextruded composite ABS sewer and drain DR-PS in PS35, PS50, PS100, PS140, PS200.

(h)

Delete: Coextruded composite PVC sewer and drain DR-PS in PS35, PS50, PS100, PS140, PS200.

(i)

Amend: Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic pipe (Type DWV, SDR26, SDR35, SDR41, PS50 or PS100) by deleting "SDR41" as a permissible pipe wall thickness, and "ASTM D 2949" as a permissible standard.

(j)

Delete: Vitrified clay pipe.

(k)

Add: "Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic pipe, Schedules 40, 80 and 120," referencing standard "ASTM D1785."

(l)

Add: "Ductile Iron Pipe," referencing standard "ANSI A21.50 and A21.51, Class 52."

(5)

Section 702, Materials, Table 702.4 Pipe Fittings. Add: "Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic pipe, Schedules 40, 80 and 120," referencing standard "ASTM D2466; ASTM D2467."

(6)

Section 703, Building Sewer, Paragraph 703.3 Sanitary and storm sewers. Add to end of first sentence: "provided a minimum spacing of 12 inches is maintained at all points between the outside walls of the parallel pipes."

(7)

Section 703, Building Sewer. Add new paragraph:

703.6 Inspection Ports on Building Sewers. An inspection port shall be installed on each building sewer located just prior to the connection with the pubic sewer at the easement line. The inspection port shall consist of a tee and a vertical riser pipe brought to above grade. Minimum diameter of the riser pipe shall be four inches. The riser pipe shall be capped with a tamperproof cap. Provide support for vertical riser in accordance with Section 7.0 Installation, of ASTM D2321, Standard Practice for Underground Installation of Thermoplastic Pipe for Sewers and Other Gravity-Flow Applications.

(8)

Section 708, Cleanouts, Paragraph 708.3.2 Building Sewers. Insert new sentence after first sentence: "Cleanouts shall also be provided at the public road right-of-way where the building sewer or its service connection extend under public roads."

(9)

Section 708, Cleanouts. Add new paragraph:

708.10 Cleanout covers. Where cleanouts are installed on building sewers, the cleanout shall be protected from damage by lawn mowers and vehicles by an approved cast-iron cleanout cover or housing set in 12 inch x 12 inch x four-inch deep concrete pad to secure the housing. Cover shall be flush with grade.

(10)

Section 710, Drainage System Sizing, Paragraph 710.1 Maximum fixture unit load. Insert new sentence after first sentence: "The building sewer shall be a minimum diameter of four inches for residential construction, and a minimum diameter of six inches for commercial construction."

(11)

Section 803, Special Wastes, Paragraph 803.2 Neutralizing device required for corrosive wastes. Revise paragraph to read: "Corrosive waste shall not be discharged to the sewer system except as provided for in Section 701, Paragraph 701.5."

(12)

Section 803, Special Wastes, Paragraph 803.3 System Design. Delete last sentence and replace with: "Chemical waste shall not be discharged to the sewer system except as provided for in Section 701, Paragraph 701.5."

(13)

Chapter 10, Traps, Interceptors and Separator, Paragraph 1003.3.4 Grease traps and interceptors. Add new sentence at the end of paragraph: "The responsible official of the Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTW) may require that generators of large volumes of wastewater containing fats, oils and/or greases from food preparation such as high-volume restaurants, school cafeterias, assisted living homes, or hospitals install large outdoor grease interceptors, designed in general conformance with PDI G101 consisting of a two-compartment vault with a minimal working volume of 1,000 gallons and provides a minimum hydraulic detention time of 30 minutes with all fixtures discharging, and other features as required by the responsible official. All generators of grease-laden waste shall comply at all times with the POTW's sewer use discharge limit for grease, fats and oils.

(14)

Chapter 10, Traps, Interceptors and Separators. Add new paragraph as follows:

1003.3.4.3 Maintenance Requirements. The use of chemical and/or biological additives to grease traps or grease interceptors shall be prohibited. The cleaning method used shall be of the suction type and/or skimming of the grease, and shall be performed at regular intervals. Flushing of traps and interceptors shall be prohibited. A written record of said cleaning shall be kept on file at the site of the grease trap or interceptor and available for inspection by the Code Official and/or the responsible official of the POTW upon request. The record shall include the date and time of cleaning, and the signature of the person performing the cleaning. The Code Official and/or the responsible official of the POTW is authorized to require more frequent cleanings.