Figure 1. Plan-view conceptual diagrams of neighborhood
commercial service areas (hexagons). Each hexagon represents a neighborhood
with a mixed-use center (dot) that is within a five-minute walking
distance of the neighborhood's edge. Clusters of neighborhoods (larger
hexagon) can support more extensive commercial development than individual
neighborhoods. The appropriate amount of commercial uses within a
traditional neighborhood development depends on the location, or community
context, of the new development (darker shaded hexagon).
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Figure 3. Plan-view diagram illustrating the importance
of context in planning public open space. Large, contiguous open spaces
are community-wide resources with environmental, aesthetic, recreational,
and educational benefits. Smaller parks and open spaces (asterisk)
should be located in neighborhoods (hexagons) that are not within
easy walking distance of community parks and open space.
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Figure 4. Plan-view diagram of a street grid showing a
diversity of lot (parcel) sizes.
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Figure 5. Plan-view diagrams showing two alternatives
for building setbacks from the street right-of-way in mixed-use areas.
Relatively uniform setbacks (a) are preferable to widely varying building
setbacks (b).
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Figure 6. Plan-view diagram of the zero lot line concept.
A large side yard on each parcel is created by uniformly eliminating
one of the side yard setbacks.
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Figure 7a. Schematic sketch of a typical local street
cross section. Table 1 lists the recommended dimensions of each component:
A) building setback from street right-of-way; B) walkway; C) planting
area; F) travel lane.
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Figure 7b. Schematic sketch of a typical subcollector
street cross section. Table 1 lists the recommended dimensions of
each component: A) building setback from street right-of-way; B) walkway;
C) planting area; E) bicycle lane; F) travel lane.
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Table 1: Attributes of Streets in a Traditional Neighborhood
Development
| ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Collector
|
Subcollector
|
Local Street
|
Alley
| |
Average daily trips
|
750 or more
|
750 to 1,500
|
Less than 250
|
Not applicable
|
Right-of-way
|
76 to 88 feet
|
48 to 72 feet
|
35 to 50 feet
|
12 to 16 feet
|
Auto travel lanes
|
2 or 3 12-foot lanes
|
2 10-foot lanes
|
2 10-foot lanes or 1 14-foot (queuing) lane
|
2 8-foot lanes for 2-way traffic or 1 12-foot lane for 1-way
traffic
|
Bicycle lanes
|
2 6-foot lanes combined with parking lanes
|
4-foot lanes with no parking or 6-foot lanes combined with parking
lanes
|
None
|
None
|
Parking
|
Both sides, 8 feet
|
None, 1, or both sides, 8 feet
|
None or 1 side, 8 feet
|
None (access to individual drives and garages outside right-of-way)
|
Curb and gutter
|
Required
|
Required
|
Not required
|
None
|
Planting strips
|
Minimum 6 feet
|
Minimum 6 feet
|
Minimum 6 feet
|
None
|
Sidewalks
|
Both sides, 5 feet minimum
|
Both sides, 3 to 5 feet
|
Both sides, 3 to 5 feet
|
None
|
Figure 7c. Schematic sketch of a typical collector street
cross section. Table 1 lists the recommended dimensions of each component:
A) building setback from street right-of-way; B) walkway; C) planting
area; D) parking lane; E) bicycle lane; F) travel lane.
|
Intersection of
|
Minimum Clear Sight Distance
(feet)
| |
---|---|---|
Local street and collector
|
120
| |
Collector and collector
|
130
| |
Collector and arterial
|
50
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Figure 8. Plan-view diagram of a street intersection.
Reducing the radius of street corners slows turning vehicle traffic
and shortens pedestrian crosswalks.
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Figure 9. Aerial perspective sketch of a mixed-use area
integrating commercial (ground floor) and residential (second story)
uses. A relatively narrow gap in the continuous street wall (created
by the mixed-use buildings) provides access from the street to a landscaped,
pedestrian-friendly parking lot.
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Figure 10. Schematic elevation sketch of a mixed-use streetscape.
To create a visually unified street wall, buildings should be no more
than 30% taller or 30% shorter than the average building height on
the block.
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Figure 11. Schematic elevation sketches of two multistoried
buildings with equal heights and widths. Architectural details such
as porches, windows, and roof dormers articulate a building's facade
(right) which enhances visual quality and contributes to a human-scaled
development.
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Figure 12. Plan-view diagrams of four alternative garage
locations on a single-family housing lot: a) detached garage is accessed
from an alley; b and c) attached garage is accessed from the local
street, d) detached garage, behind the house, is accessed from the
local street.
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Plant Type
|
Minimum Size
| |
---|---|---|
Evergreen tree
|
6 feet in height
| |
Deciduous canopy tree
|
1.5 inches caliper
| |
Small deciduous tree
|
1.5 inches caliper
| |
Evergreen or deciduous shrubs
|
18 to 24 inches in height
|