A. 
The purpose of this article is to ensure compliance with the full faith and credit provision of the Violence Against Women Act of 1994 (VAWA) as set forth in 18 U.S.C. § 2265, as it may be amended from time to time, and to ensure that victims of domestic violence are able to move across state and Tribal boundaries without losing the ability to enforce protection orders they have previously obtained to increase their safety.
B. 
A harassment protection order or a sexual assault protection order issued by the NHBP Tribal Court will be enforceable throughout the State of Michigan pursuant to MCR 2.615.
C. 
To ensure that harassment and sexual assault protection orders issued by the NHBP Tribal Court are enforced outside of the boundaries of the Reservation, harassment and sexual assault protection orders issued in the courts of the State of Michigan, or a Tribal Court within the State of Michigan, will be enforced within the boundaries of the Reservation pursuant to NHBPCR Chapter 8, Court Rules for Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Court Actions, Warrants, and Subpoenas.
D. 
Notice of reciprocal enforcement pursuant to this section shall be printed on all harassment and sexual assault protection orders issued by the Court.
The NHBP Tribal Court has enacted Court Rules for the recognition of foreign court judgments. NHBP Tribal Court Rules, Chapter 8, Court Rules for the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Court Actions, Warrants and Subpoenas, provides for the recognition of these foreign court actions and the procedures for filing. Registration, notice of registration, and objections to the filing of a foreign court action are provided for in Chapter 8.
A. 
The Clerk of the Court shall forward a copy of a foreign protection order that is filed under this article on or before the next calendar day to the NHBP Police Department and County Sheriff along with the completed information form. The Clerk may forward the foreign protection order to the County Sheriff by facsimile or electronic transmission. Upon receipt of the filed foreign protection order, the NHBP Police Department shall immediately enter the foreign protection order into any computer-based criminal intelligence information system available, listing outstanding warrants. The foreign protection order must remain in the computer for the period stated in the order. The NHBP Police Department shall only expunge from the computer-based criminal intelligence information system foreign protection orders that are expired, vacated, or superseded. Entry into the computer-based intelligence information system constitutes notice to all law enforcement agencies of the existence of the foreign protection order. The foreign protection order is fully enforceable in any county in the state.
B. 
The information entered into other computer-based criminal intelligence information systems must include, if available, notice to law enforcement whether the foreign protection order was served and the method of service.
A. 
Whenever a foreign protection order is granted to a person entitled to protection and the person under restraint knows of the foreign protection order, a violation of a provision prohibiting the person under restraint from contacting or communicating with another person, or of a provision excluding the person from a residence, workplace, school, or daycare, or of a provision prohibiting a person from knowingly coming within, or knowingly remaining within, a specified distance of a location, or a violation of any provision for which a foreign protection order specifically indicates that a violation will be a crime, shall subject the person to the same penalties as if the order were issued by the NHBP Tribal Court.
B. 
Upon conviction, and in addition to any other penalties provided by law, the Court may require the person under restraint to submit to electronic monitoring [global positioning system (GPS) or similar]. The Court shall specify who will provide the electronic monitoring services, and the terms under which the monitoring will be performed. The order also may include a requirement that the person under restraint pay the costs of the monitoring. The Court shall consider the ability of the convicted person to pay for electronic monitoring.
C. 
A peace officer shall arrest without a warrant and take into custody a person when the peace officer has probable cause to believe that a foreign protection order has been issued of which the person under restraint has knowledge, and the person under restraint has violated a provision of the foreign protection order for which the foreign protection order specifically indicates that a violation will be a crime. Presence of the order in the law enforcement computer-based criminal intelligence information system is not the only means of establishing knowledge of the order.
No police officer, peace officer, or officer's legal advisor shall be held criminally or civilly liable for making an arrest under this article if the police officer, peace officer, or the officer's legal advisor acted in good faith and without malice.
The NHBP finds that the prevention of harassment is important to the health, safety and general welfare of the tribal community. This article is intended to provide victims with a speedy and inexpensive method of obtaining civil harassment protection orders preventing all further unwanted contact between the victim and the perpetrator.
For the purpose of this section, "harassment protection order" means a Court order restricting a person from harassing, threatening, contacting, or approaching another specified person for a period of time.
This section provides for petitions for protection orders for cases of harassment. The requirements for obtaining such an order are as follows:
A. 
A petition to obtain a harassment protection order under this article may be filed by any person claiming to be the victim of harassment or made by a parent or guardian if the child is a ward of the Court, on behalf of the child.
(1) 
A petition for relief may be made regardless of whether or not there is a pending lawsuit, criminal complaint, petition, or other action between the parties, except that a parent may not petition for a harassment protection order on behalf of his or her child against the child's other parent. The petitioner and respondent shall disclose the existence of any other litigation or of any other restraining, protection, or no-contact orders between the parties.
A. 
A petition for relief shall allege the existence of harassment and shall be accompanied by a statement made under penalty of perjury stating the specific facts and circumstances from which relief is sought.
B. 
The Court shall make simplified petition forms and instructional brochures available. Any information provided by clerks under this section does not constitute the practice of law, and clerks are not responsible for incorrect information contained in a petition.[1]
[1]
Editor's Note: Former Subsection C, regarding filing fees for filing a petition under this section, was repealed 8-18-2016 by Res. No. 08-18-16-11. This resolution also provided for the redesignation of former Subsections D and E as Subsections C and D, respectively.
C. 
No bond is required to obtain relief in any proceeding under this section.
D. 
The parent or guardian of a child under age 18 may petition for a harassment protection order to restrain a person age 18 years or over from contact with that child upon a showing that contact with the person to be restrained is detrimental to the welfare of the child.
A. 
Upon filing a petition for a harassment protection order under this article, the petitioner may obtain an ex parte temporary harassment protection order with or without serving notice upon the respondent by filing a statement made under penalty of perjury which, to the satisfaction of the Court, shows evidence of harassment of the petitioner by the respondent, and that continued harassment may result if the temporary harassment protection order is not granted.
B. 
An ex parte temporary harassment protection order shall be effective for a fixed period not to exceed fourteen (14) days. A full hearing, as provided in this article, shall be set for not later than fourteen (14) days from the issuance of the temporary order. The respondent shall be personally served with a copy of the ex parte temporary harassment protection order along with a copy of the petition and notice of the date set for the hearing. If service is not possible, the Court may authorize service according to NHBPCR Chapter 5, Court Rules of Civil Procedure, Section 5, Service of Process, or its successor rule.
C. 
For the purpose of this article, "temporary harassment protection order" means a Court order restricting a person from harassing, threatening, contacting, or approaching another specified person.
A. 
At the hearing within fourteen (14) calendar days after the granting of the ex parte harassment protection order, a permanent order shall be issued prohibiting such harassment if the Court finds by a preponderance of the evidence that harassment exists or has occurred. Otherwise, the temporary harassment protection order shall expire on its own terms. If the respondent does not appear, the petitioner must demonstrate that he or she effected proper service, and a default judgment will be entered.
B. 
An order issued under this article shall be effective for not more than one (1) year unless the Court finds that any future contact with the petitioner would result in the harm from which the petitioner originally sought protection. If the Court so finds, the Court may enter an order to a fixed time exceeding one (1) year.
C. 
In the event that a respondent fails to appear for a hearing and the petitioner cannot demonstrate service upon him or her, the Court may grant a second ex parte temporary harassment protection order to the same petitioner enjoining the same respondent and order alternate service according to NHBPCR Chapter 5, Court Rules of Civil Procedure, or its successor rule. If a police officer investigates an alleged violation of an order issued pursuant to this article and service has not been effected prior to contact, the officer shall provide service as described herein and within the next calendar day the Court is open file proof of service with the Court.
D. 
At any time within three (3) months prior to the expiration of the order, the petitioner may apply for a renewal of the order by filing a motion for renewal with the Court. The motion for renewal shall state the reasons why he or she seeks to renew the order. Upon receipt of the motion for renewal, the Court shall order a hearing which shall be held within fourteen (14) days from the date of motion. The Court shall grant the motion for renewal unless the respondent proves by preponderance of evidence that he will not resume harassment of the petitioner when the order expires. The Court may renew the harassment protection order for another fixed period or may enter a permanent order.
E. 
The Court, in granting a harassment protection order, shall have broad discretion to grant such relief as the Court deems proper, including but not limited to:
(1) 
Restraining the respondent from making attempts to contact the petitioner and all persons listed in the petition.
(2) 
Restraining the respondent from making any attempts to monitor the petitioner by actual or electronic surveillance.
(3) 
Requiring the respondent to stay a specified minimum distance from the petitioner's residence, workplace, and/or school.
A. 
A copy of a harassment protection order granted under this article shall be forwarded by the Clerk of the Court on or before the next calendar day to the NHBP Police Department or appropriate law enforcement agency. Upon receipt of the order, the Police Department shall enter the order into the computer-based criminal intelligence information system currently in use by the Department to list outstanding warrants. The Police Department shall expunge expired orders from the computer system. Entry into the information system constitutes notice to the Police Department of the existence of the order.
B. 
If an officer investigates an alleged violation of an order issued pursuant to this article and service has not been effected prior to contact, the officer shall provide service as described herein and within the next day file proof of service with the Court. Law enforcement shall update the criminal information system to reflect that service has been effected.
A. 
Knowing violation of any harassment protection order subjects the respondent to criminal penalties under this article.
B. 
Any respondent who is found guilty of violating the terms of the harassment protection order may also, subject to the Court's discretion, be held in civil contempt of court, and the Court may impose such sanctions as it deems appropriate.
C. 
Violation of a harassment protection order is a Class B misdemeanor.
D. 
A second or subsequent violation of a harassment protection order is a Class A misdemeanor.
The NHBP finds that there are times when a victim of a sexual assault or unwanted sexual contact is neither an intimate partner nor family member, thus does not qualify for the protections from these types of orders. Nevertheless, the victim deserves all the protections afforded within this chapter because the alleged sexual assault or unwanted sexual contact is such a heinous incident that goes to the heart of the health, safety and general welfare of the NHBP Tribal Community; therefore, a protection order provided under this article is to protect those that have been sexually assaulted.
A petition for a sexual assault protection order may be filed by a person:
A. 
Who does not qualify for a domestic violence or family violence protection order and who is a victim of nonconsensual sexual conduct or nonconsensual sexual penetration, including a single incident of nonconsensual sexual conduct or nonconsensual sexual penetration; or
B. 
On behalf of any of the following persons who are victims of nonconsensual sexual conduct or nonconsensual sexual penetration and who do not qualify for a domestic violence or family violence protection order:
(1) 
A minor child; or
(2) 
A vulnerable adult as defined in the adult protection code; or
(3) 
Any other adult who, because of age, disability, health, or inaccessibility, cannot file the petition.
This section provides for petitions for a sexual assault protection order.
A. 
A petition for relief shall allege the existence of nonconsensual sexual conduct or nonconsensual sexual penetration, and shall be accompanied by an affidavit made under oath stating the specific statements or actions made at the same time of the sexual assault or subsequently thereafter which give rise to a reasonable fear of future dangerous acts for which relief is sought. The petitioner and respondent shall disclose the existence of any other litigation or of any other restraining, protection, or no-contact orders between the parties.
B. 
A petition for relief may be made regardless of whether or not there is a pending lawsuit, criminal complaint, petition, or other action between the parties.
C. 
Forms and instructional brochures and the necessary number of certified copies shall be provided to the petitioner free of charge.
D. 
A person is not required to post a bond to obtain relief in any proceeding under this section.
E. 
If the petition states that disclosure of the petitioner's address would risk abuse of the petitioner or any member of the petitioner's family or household, that address may be omitted from all documents filed with the Court. If the petitioner has not disclosed an address under this subsection, the petitioner shall designate an alternative address at which the respondent may serve notice of any motions.
A. 
An ex parte temporary sexual assault protection order shall issue if the petitioner, to the satisfaction of the Court, shows evidence that:
(1) 
The petitioner has been a victim of nonconsensual sexual conduct or nonconsensual sexual penetration by the respondent; and
(2) 
There is good cause to grant the remedy, regardless of the lack of prior service of process or of notice upon the respondent, because the harm which that remedy is intended to prevent would be likely to occur if the respondent were given any prior notice, or greater notice than was actually given, of the petitioner's efforts to obtain judicial relief.
B. 
If the Court declines to issue an ex parte temporary sexual assault protection order, the Court shall state the particular reasons for the Court's denial and set a hearing on the petition. The Court's denial of a motion for an ex parte temporary protection order shall be filed with the Court.
C. 
An ex parte temporary sexual assault protection order shall be effective for a fixed period not to exceed fourteen (14) days. A full hearing, as provided in this article, shall be set for not later than fourteen (14) days from the issuance of the temporary order. The respondent shall be personally served with a copy of the ex parte temporary sexual assault protection order along with a copy of the petition and notice of the date set for the hearing. If service is not possible, the Court may authorize service according to NHBPCR Chapter 5, Court Rules of Civil Procedure, or its successor code.
(1) 
Any ex parte temporary sexual assault protection order issued under this section shall contain the date and time of issuance and the expiration date and shall be transmitted to the clerk of the court of the county in which the petitioner resides and to the NHBP Police Department within one (1) calendar day after issuance.
(2) 
Any final sexual assault protection order may be entered for a fixed period of time or a permanent sexual assault protection order may be entered as provided for in § 7.4-84.
D. 
Any ex parte temporary or final sexual assault protection order may be renewed one or more times, as necessary for victim safety. The petitioner may apply for renewal of the order by filing a petition for renewal at any time within the three (3) months before the order expires. If the motion for renewal is uncontested and the petitioner seeks no modification of the order, the order may be renewed on the basis of the petitioner's motion or affidavit stating that there has been no material change in relevant circumstances since entry of the order and stating the reason for the requested renewal.
E. 
A violation of a Court order issued under this section is punishable under the laws of the NHBP and will subject the perpetrator to arrest.
The Court may appoint counsel to represent the petitioner.
A. 
Except as otherwise provided in this section, a permanent sexual assault protection order shall be effective for a fixed period of time, not to exceed two (2) years. However, the order may be renewed prior to its expiration.
B. 
Any sexual assault protection order which would expire on a Court holiday shall instead expire at the close of the next Court calendar day in which the Court is open.
Upon motion with notice to all parties and after a hearing, the Court may modify the terms of an existing sexual assault protection order. In any situation where an order is terminated or modified before its expiration date, the Clerk of the Court shall, on or before the next calendar day, forward a true copy of the modified order or the termination order to the appropriate law enforcement agency specified in the modified or terminated order. Upon receipt of the order, the law enforcement agency shall promptly enter it in the computer-based criminal intelligence information system or, if the order is terminated, remove the order from the computer-based criminal intelligence information system.
A. 
In a proceeding in which a sexual assault protection order is sought under this article, the NHBP Tribal Court may exercise personal jurisdiction over a nonresident individual if:
(1) 
The individual is personally served with a petition; or
(2) 
The individual submits to the jurisdiction of the Tribe by consent, entering a general appearance, or filing a responsive document having the effect of waiving any objection to consent to personal jurisdiction; or
(3) 
The act or acts of the individual or the individual's agent giving rise to the petition or enforcement of a sexual assault protection order occurred within the Tribe's jurisdiction as defined by NHBPCR Chapter 10, Court Rules for Restraining Orders, or within this chapter; or
(4) 
The act or acts of the individual or the individual's agent giving rise to the petition or enforcement of a sexual assault protection order occurred outside the NHBP reservation but are part of an ongoing pattern of sexual assaults or stalking that has an adverse effect on the petitioner, a member of the petitioner's family or household and the petitioner resides within the exterior boundaries of the NHBP Reservation; or
(5) 
There is any other basis consistent with laws of NHBP and/or the laws of the United States.
B. 
For jurisdiction to be exercised under Subsection A(1) through (5) of this section, the individual must have communicated with the petitioner or a member of the petitioner's family, directly or indirectly, or made known a threat to the safety of the petitioner or member of the petitioner's family while the petitioner or family member resides within the exterior boundaries of the Pine Creek Indian Reservation. For the purposes of Subsection A(1) through (5) of this section, "communicated or made known" includes, but is not limited to, regular or electronic mail, telephonic, or a posting on an electronic communication site, medium or social website. Communication on any electronic medium that is generally available to any individual residing in the state shall be sufficient to exercise jurisdiction under Subsection A(4) of this section if directed at a resident of the Pine Creek Indian Reservation.
Violation of a sexual assault protection order is a crime.
A. 
Violation of a sexual assault protection order is a Class B misdemeanor.
B. 
A second or subsequent violation of a sexual assault protection order is a Class A misdemeanor.
C. 
Consent by the victim is not a defense to a violation of a sexual assault protection order.