A. 
Description.
(1) 
The work of this article includes, but is not limited to:
(a) 
Subgrade preparation.
(b) 
Construction of cement concrete curb and sidewalk.
(c) 
Construction of handicap ramps.
(d) 
Construction of stamped (patterned) and colored concrete sidewalk.
(2) 
Applicable Standard Details.[1]
(a) 
DT 02525-1, Concrete Sidewalk Detail.
(b) 
DT 02525-2, Slant Concrete Curb Detail.
(c) 
DT 02525-3, Standard Concrete Curb Detail.
(d) 
DT 02525-4, Handicap Ramp Detail.
(e) 
DT 02525-5, Handicap Ramp Detail (Radius).
(f) 
DT 02525-6, Roof Leader Under Sidewalk Detail.
(g) 
DT 02525-7, Stamped Sidewalk Detail.
[1]
Editor's Note: Said Standard Details are included as an attachment to this chapter.
B. 
Quality assurance.
(1) 
Reference standards.
(a) 
Pennsylvania Department of Transportation (PennDOT), latest revision.
[1] 
Publication 408, Specifications.
[2] 
Publication 203, Work Zone Traffic Control.
(b) 
American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM).
[1] 
A185, Standard Specification for Welded Steel Wire Fabric for Concrete Reinforcement.
[2] 
A615, Standard Specification for Deformed and Plain Billet-Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement.
[3] 
C94, Specification for Ready-Mixed Concrete.
[4] 
C143, Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic Cement Concrete.
[5] 
C231, Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by the Pressure Method.
[6] 
C309, Specification for Liquid Membrane-Forming Compounds for Curing Concrete.
[7] 
D994, Specification for Preformed Expansion Joint Filler for Concrete (Bituminous Type).
[8] 
E329, Specification for Agencies Engaged in the Testing and/or Inspection of Materials used in Construction.
(2) 
Inspections. Inspection by the municipality will at a minimum be made of the subgrade, formwork, and any steel prior to placement of the concrete.
C. 
Job conditions.
(1) 
Control of traffic.
(a) 
Take measures to control traffic during all operations. Do not allow traffic on newly placed concrete until adequate strength has been attained.
(b) 
Employ traffic control measures in accordance with Publication 203, Work Zone Traffic Control.
(2) 
Coordination with utilities.
(a) 
Coordinate all necessary adjustments of existing utilities to accommodate this work.
(b) 
Provide access to the site for utility work.
A. 
Concrete.
(1) 
Portland cement concrete shall be air-entrained and have a minimum twenty-eight-day compressive strength that shall be 3,300 psi.
(2) 
Cement concrete criteria for curbs and sidewalks:
(a) 
Slump: one-inch minimum, four-inch maximum.
(b) 
Air content: 4.5% minimum, 7.5% maximum.
(c) 
Temperature: 60° F. minimum, 100° F. maximum.
(3) 
For slip formed curb, same as above except with a maximum slump of 1 1/2 inches.
(4) 
For replacement of curb and sidewalk at existing driveways, use air-entrained, PennDOT Class HES (high early strength).
B. 
Forms.
(1) 
General requirements. Forms shall be coated with a form-release agent just prior to placement of concrete.
(2) 
Straight curbing (or radius greater than 40 feet).
(a) 
Approved metal forms.
(b) 
Wood forms, not less than two-inch nominal thickness, planed on finish side.
(3) 
Radius curbing.
(a) 
Approved metal forms.
(b) 
Fabricated plywood or hardboard forms.
(4) 
Curbing repairs (less than 10 feet).
(a) 
Approved metal forms.
(b) 
Adjust to match existing conditions (vertical six inches by eight inches by 22 inches or rolled 24 inches by 10 3/4 inches).
(5) 
Machine-placed curbing. Straight or radius curbing may be placed with a self-propelled machine approved by the municipality.
C. 
Reinforcement.
(1) 
Welded wire fabric: ASTM A185. Size and spacing as shown on Standard Details.[1]
[1]
Editor's Note: Said Standard Details are included as an attachment to this chapter.
(2) 
Reinforcing bars: ASTM A615, Grade 60 billet steel. Size and spacing as shown on Standard Details.[2]
[2]
Editor's Note: Said Standard Details are included as an attachment to this chapter.
D. 
Joint material. Joint filler: premolded expansion joint material shall be fiber joint filler conforming to ASTM D994.
E. 
Form-coating materials. Form-release agents shall be nonstaining, liquid chemical coatings free of kerosene and oil and which will effectively prevent absorption of moisture into the forms and bonding of the concrete to the forms.
F. 
Concrete curing compounds. Curing compounds shall be clear, nonstaining liquid coatings containing no oil or wax and conforming to ASTM C309, such as Safe-Cure, Sealtight 1100, Klear Seal R-75 or Enviocure Clear 500, or similar material.
G. 
Stamped colored concrete.
(1) 
Concrete, reinforcement, joint material and forms: see above subsections.
(2) 
Template pattern: old brick runningboard by Matcrete (1-800-777-7063), or equal.
(3) 
Pigment: brick red #10160 by David Colors, Beltsville, MD, or equal.
(4) 
Clear sealer: Sonneborn #800 as manufactured by Sonneborn, or equal.
(5) 
Template release agent: dry blend powder.
A. 
Curb construction.
(1) 
Excavate to required depth, remove and dispose of material, including existing curbs, and compact the subgrade material to a firm, even surface.
(2) 
Saw cut existing pavement a minimum of 12 inches from face of new curb. Exposed edges of existing work shall be smooth and square.
(3) 
Forms shall be placed as appropriate to the type of curbing on two sides (front and back). Forms shall be securely braced to limit deflection during placement of concrete.
(4) 
Provide openings through curb for drainage pipes. Install one, two feet zero inches long, #4 reinforcing bar in the middle of curb centered above the pipe as per Standard Detail.[1]
[1]
Editor's Note: Said Standard Detail is included as an attachment to this chapter.
(5) 
Form or saw contraction joints 3/16 inches wide and two inches deep at ten-foot maximum intervals on two sides (front and top). Saw as soon as possible after the concrete has set sufficiently to preclude raveling during the sawing and before any shrinkage cracking occurs in the concrete, but in no case later than 24 hours following completion of the curb placement.
(6) 
Provide one-half-inch expansion joints at sixty-foot intervals, at the end of each pour, and at the beginning and end of all radii. One-half-inch expansion joint material shall also separate curb from adjacent sidewalks, poles, hydrants, walls and other permanent structures, except that three-fourths-inch thick expansion joint material shall be provided at storm inlets.
(7) 
The last three feet of curb shall be tapered to a one-and-one-half-inch reveal with expansion joint at the beginning of taper.
(8) 
Finish top surface with wood floats. Provide depressions for drainage, driveways, and ramps for the handicapped as directed by the municipality. Tool all exposed edges to the specified radius.
(9) 
Do not remove forms until concrete has set. Begin proper curing immediately after placement.
(10) 
For slip formed curb, uniformly feed the concrete to the machine so the concrete maintains the shape of the section, without slumping after extrusion. Voids or honeycomb on the surface of the finished curb will not be allowed. Immediately after extrusion, perform any additional surface finishing required.
B. 
Sidewalk construction.
(1) 
Excavate to required depth and width, remove and dispose of material, including any existing sidewalks, and compact the subgrade material to a firm, even surface.
(2) 
Exposed edges of existing work shall be smooth and square.
(3) 
Construct ramps for handicapped persons at all street crossings (as required by ADA regulations) as directed by the municipality. Handicap ramps shall be six inches thick concrete.
(4) 
Sidewalks across sanitary sewer or storm sewer easements shall be eight inches thick.
(5) 
Spread AASHTO No. 57 aggregate and compact to the thickness shown on the Standard Details.[2]
[2]
Editor's Note: Said Standard Details are included as an attachment to this chapter.
(6) 
Score contraction joints at five-foot intervals to sufficient depth to insure cracking at the joint. Do not saw cut the contraction joints without prior approval from the municipality. Also score sidewalks over each drainage pipe placed underneath.
(7) 
Provide one-fourth-inch expansion joint at thirty-foot intervals and at the end of each pour. Place one-half-inch expansion joint material at adjacent curb, poles, hydrants, walls, and other permanent structures.
(8) 
Apply light broom finish immediately after float finish.
(9) 
Provide depressions for driveways, downspouts, and drainage as directed by the municipality or shown on the drawings. Wherever possible roof leaders shall be placed under the sidewalks in lieu of depressions.
(10) 
Begin proper curing immediately following placement.
(11) 
Monolithic sidewalk and curb will not be allowed at a radius handicap ramp.
C. 
Stamped and colored concrete sidewalks.
(1) 
Excavate, place stone base and place expansion joints and reinforcing similarly to plain concrete sidewalks.
(2) 
Pigment must be thoroughly mixed throughout concrete using ratios consistent with manufacturer's recommendations. Apply float finish and edge.
(3) 
Sprinkle release agent onto fresh concrete prior to stamping with template.
(4) 
Remove release agent by power washing approximately 24 hours after stamping is complete, or as recommended by the manufacturer.
(5) 
Apply clear sealer to all concrete surfaces.
(6) 
Release agent, pigment and sealer must be from same manufacturer or proven to be compatible with each other.
D. 
Backfilling and restoration.
(1) 
Temporary backfill at curbs shall consist of select granular material front and back, to within eight inches of top of curb.
(2) 
Restore adjacent areas in kind.